ES 111.1 – ENGINEERING DRAWINGS AND PLANS, LAB.

MODULE NO.: 3
TOPIC: ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
WRITER: AR. JAHARA N. CUERDO, UAP

Opening Prayer:

A STUDENT'S PRAYER (by St. Thomas Aquinas)

Come, Holy Spirit, Divine Creator, true source of light and fountain of wisdom!
Pour forth your brilliance upon my dense intellect, dissipate the darkness which
covers me, that of sin and of ignorance.
Grant me a penetrating mind to understand, a retentive memory, method and
ease in learning, the lucidity to comprehend, and abundant grace in expressing
myself.
Guide the beginning of my work, direct its progress, and bring it to successful
completion.
This I ask through Jesus Christ, true God and true man, living and reigning with
You and the Father,
forever and ever.
Amen.
Welcome to Engineering Drawings and Plans Course. This Course that is outlined to
introduce what is Engineering Drawings and Plans is all about. This material will serve as
your guide to effectively exploring and finishing the course. This material outlines all
information and requirements that you need to complete the course.
ES 111.1 – ENGINEERING DRAWINGS AND PLANS, LAB.

COURSE CONTENT/SUBJECT MATTER SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES: ESTIMATE TIME

At the end of the course, I should be able to:
IV. Theory of Orthographic Projections  To explain the different components of a 3 hrs.
A. 3 – view drawings 3 – view drawing.
B. Elevations  To apply and create the different views
C. Sections and factors in the projection of the
elevation drawings from the plans.
 To explain the different factors in making
sectional drawings.
V. Symbols and conventions used in  To explain the importance of the different 3 hrs.
architectural and engineering conventions utilized in the architectural
working drawings and engineering working drawing
 To explain the meaning of working
drawing and its components.

Focus question:
What are the different types of Orthographic Projections?
ES 111.1 – ENGINEERING DRAWINGS AND PLANS, LAB.

Theory of Orthographic Projections

The Orthographic Projection is a type of
representation in which an object is depicted by
drawing lines on a projection plane. The parallel
projection is perpendicular to the plane.

The word orthographic drawing refers to the

portrayal of an object's exact shape. It is depicted in
two or more viewpoints in which the objects are
seen perpendicular to the surface of the objects.

The Natural Method and the Glass Box Method are

the two methods for acquiring views in an
orthographic drawing.

The Natural technique is used to obtain the natural

image by staring at the perpendicular side of the
object. The Glass Box method is used to obtain the
image or views of the object by aligning the
projection planes parallel to the primary faces of the
objects.
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An orthographic drawing has three (3) projection planes: The Frontal

Plane, the Horizontal Plane, and the Profile Plane.

The Frontal Plane is the projection plane that projects an object's front
view. The Horizontal Plane is the projection plane that projects an
object's top view. The Profile Plane is the projection plane that projects
the objects' side views.

The Pictorial Drawing is simple to read, even for individuals who are
not proficient in drafting. Because it depicts multiple faces of pictures,
this drawing is regarded one of the most extensively utilized.

Axonometric, Oblique, and Perspective Drawings are the three (3)

types of pictorial drawings.

The rotation principles underpin Axonometric Drawing, which is further

categorized into three (3) types: Isometric, Diametric, and Trimetric.

The isometric view depicts the revolution axis perpendicular to the

horizontal plane. In this case, the drawing or item projects or shows
two faces: the object's front and the view from the right side.

The Diametric Displays or Projects two faces of views: the top view of
the object and its left side view.

The Trimetric Displays or Projections three faces or angles: the top view, the left and right side views, and the bottom view.
ES 111.1 – ENGINEERING DRAWINGS AND PLANS, LAB.

One face of the item is parallel in the plane of

projection in the Oblique sketch. The Oblique drawing,
like the isometric drawing, has three axes. The first two
axes are perpendicular to one other, whereas the third
axis is at any angle that is suitable to the horizontal.

Oblique drawings are classified into two types:

Cavalier drawings and Cabinet drawings.

The receding lines in the Cavalier design are

commonly at thirty (30) degrees or forty-five (45)
degrees to the horizontal axis.

The object is depicted in the Cabinet design as it

appears to the viewer at a specific point relative to the
item. This art presentation appears to be how the
items appear to the viewer's eyes.

The Perspective Drawing depicts the things as they

would look to an observer from a specific location. This
is another type of pictorial sketching in which objects
are shown as they appear to the viewer's eyes.

Pictorial drawing is classified into three types: parallel

or one-point perspective, angular or two-point
perspective, and three-point perspective.

 
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Symbols and conventions used in architectural and engineering working drawings

Architectural drawing symbols play a
crucial function in any architectural
drawing, aiding in the definition of
components such as floor levels, lighting
types, and service locations. Electrical
layouts, in particular, necessitate a plethora
of different objects and acronyms, and
symbols, when coupled by a key, provide a
simple and tidy manner of identifying their
placement, kind, and usage.

The architectural symbols listed below are

divided into the following categories:

 Services symbols
 Lighting symbols
 Electrical symbols
 Plan, elevation and section
symbols

Service symbols reflect the mechanics of a

building and aid in the identification of
features such as mechanical ventilation,
soil pipes, and incoming power. They
should show the locations and directions in
which they are traveling, as well as where
new and old infrastructures are joined or replaced.
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Lighting symbols

Lighting symbols provide a simple and unambiguous way of distinguishing

placements, types, amounts, and power outputs without the need to fill a picture
with labels.

Electrical symbols

Electrical symbols, like lighting symbols, indicate the position and kind of
power switches and outputs.
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Plan, elevation and section symbols

These symbols are typically associated with floor levels and section lines, and they primarily aid in the legibility of a drawing.

Plate No. 4.1 (Pencil Version) & 4.2 (Technical Pen) – Preliminary Examination (Orthographic Drawing Exercise)
Instructions:
SIZE: 5000mm x 8000mm

SCALE: 1:100M
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1. Plate format is the same as with the previous plate. But change the name of the plate and its number.
2. Draw the figures that you will see on the right side of the instructions.
3. Plates should be done on a A3 size paper, using the right material.
4. Do not cheat. Do a short time lapse video doing your work and a selfie. Do not let anyone do your work.
5. Sent it the assigned google classroom with a final output (picture of your work) on or before the deadline.
6. Make your plate neat and mechanical drawing.
7. For further instructions and questions, you can message and text me with the assigned time and schedule at the end of this module.

NOTE: DON’T FORGET TO PUT THE MILLIMETER UNIT (MM) IN EVERY DIMENSION LINES ABOVE…

RUBRIC
Criteria Outstanding Very Satisfactory Satisfactory Fair AVERAGE/CRITERIA
16 – 20% 11 – 15% 6 – 10% 0 – 5%
Project Size/Completeness The drawing is quite The drawing is a little The drawing is not The drawing is not
detailed/complex. detailed/complex. detailed or intricate. detailed or intricate.
There are no missing There are a few Some lines, Some lines,
lines, measurements, missing lines, measurements, or other measurements, or other
or other drafting dimensions, or other drafting aspects are drafting aspects are
aspects in the drawing. drafting aspects in missing from the missing from the
the drawing. drawing. drawing.
Line Quality Lines that are crisp, a few wavy lines, line Inconsistent lines, wavy Lines are not straight
clear, and constant wavers little off grid lines, and a dull pencil since no ruler or straight
(Object lines stand lines edge was used.
out)
Neatness There are no smudges a smear or two three or four eraser or 5 or more smudges or
or eraser marks. eraser marks smudge marks eraser markings
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Accuracy There are no errors in One or two Three or four dimensions More than five
the drawing's dimensions are are incorrect. dimensions are incorrect.
dimensions. incorrect.
Title Block All information is Handwriting is a little Handwriting is sloppy or Handwriting is illegible,
present, and the sloppy, or one piece two bits of information and more than three
penmanship is neat of information is are missing. things are missing.
and legible. missing.
TOTAL AVERAGE
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RECOMMENDED LEARNING MATERIALS

Books:
 Architectural Graphics. Ching, Francis D. K. Latest Edition
 A First Course in Engineering Drawing. Rathnam, K. 2018
 Engineering Drawing with Worked Examples. Parker, M.A./ Pickup, F. Latest Edition
 Textbook of Engineering Drawing Second Edition. Reddy, K. Venkata. 2008

Internet-related services:
 Google
 Youtube
ES 111.1 – ENGINEERING DRAWINGS AND PLANS, LAB.

QUOTE OF THE MODULE:

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Post-Assessment:
Question Yes With Help No Remarks
1. Are you able to know the different types of
orthographic projections and already draw one?
2. Are you familiar with the different graphic symbols
used in working drawing?

Module Evaluation:
Very Satisfactory Satisfactory Good Fair Need Improvement

COMMENTS AND REMARKS:

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Closing Prayer:

PRAYER AFTER STUDY

Almighty God, the Source of all wisdom and knowledge, I thank You profoundly for giving me the opportunity to study for this subject/course/field.
Thank You for allowing me to grow and mature in intellect through my studies.
As I momentarily end my study for today, help me to fully absorb and understand the new knowledge and learning that I have encountered. Help me
to sow and properly cultivate the seeds of learning so that I may be able to joyfully reap in the future its sweet fruits.
May you continue to grant me with the grace to never get tired of learning about Your creation. May my studies bring me closer to You and to the
Truth. May it open my eyes to the various manifestations of Your love for us.
May the knowledge that I have gained and I will further gain, allow me to serve You and Your people better. May it help me to be an agent of Your
peace and love in this world.
May I look forward to my next study session and to the continuation, in general, of my studies which I humbly offer and consecrate to You.
I ask all of these in the Name of Jesus Christ, the Fount of Every Blessing, and through the intercession of Mother Mary, the Seat of Wisdom.
AMEN
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Instructor’s Profile:
Here’s my brief information and contact information, please feel free to contact me if you have concern about this
course. I will be glad to help you. God Bless You!
NAME: AR. JAHARA N. CUERDO, UAP
OFFICE: University of Santo Tomas – Legazpi
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
POSITION: Faculty
CONTACT INFORMATION:
MOBILE NUMBER: 09153985816
EMAIL ADDRESS: jhars.0990@gmail.com
FACEBOOK ACCOUNT: Jahara N. Cuerdo (Official Account)
CONTACT TIME:
Time Day Type of Communication
8:00am – 5:00pm Monday - Friday Text, Email & Messenger Only
6:00pm – 10:00pm Monday - Friday Call, Text, Email & Messenger
9:00pm – 11:30pm Saturday Call, Text, Email & Messenger
*Face-to-face consultation is by appointment basis, please set appointment at least a day before your intended date of consultation. Health and Safety protocols will be
strictly implemented.
*Please text me and identify yourself, ask whether it’s a convenient time to call before you make a call.