TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE NO

1.0 INTRODUCTION 2

2.0 FIELD INVESTIGATION 2

3.0 GENERAL GEOLOGY 2

4.0 EXPLORATORY BORING 4

5.0 SAMPLING 5

6.0 STANDARD PENETRATION TEST 5

7.0 STANDING WATER TABLE 7

8.0 LABORATORY TEST 8

9.0 SOIL PROFILE 10

10.0 FOUNDATIONS 12

11.0 USE OF DEEP FOUNDATION 12

12.0 CHEMICAL TESTS 16

13.0 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS: 17

ANNEXURE

FIELD BORELOG DATA SHEETS

LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVES

TRIAXIAL SHEAR TESTS CURVES

e-logP CURVES OF CONSOLIDATION TESTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION
A subsoil investigation was necessary for the purpose of the foundation design and
construction of the proposed up-gradation of Alappuzha-Changanashrey road into
semi elevated highway. Accordingly the subsoil exploration work of one borehole at
CH. KM. 3+180 location having maximum depth 55.00 m, as proposed by the project
authority have been conducted. During borehole exploration,
undisturbed/disturbed/SPT samples were collected.
The present report deals with the geotechnical investigation findings at the location
and the discussion on the aspects regarding safe pile capacity for deep foundation in
the form of bored cast in-situ pile depending on the field and laboratory test results.
However, the Foundation Designer may modulate the type of foundations and other
values regarding foundation geometry and soil design parameter to meet any
specific design criteria.

2.0 FIELD INVESTIGATION

One no. of borehole was sunk within the premises of the proposed project, the depth
of borehole was measured from the existing ground level and hence the depth of
borehole indicates depth below ground level (BGL). The execution of the subsoil
exploration job at site was started on 04.11.2020 and completed on 05.11.2020.

3.0 GENERAL GEOLOGY

A formation or geological formation is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy. A

formation consists of a certain number of rock strata that have a comparable
lithology, facies or other similar properties. Formations are not defined on the
thickness of the rock strata they consist of and the thickness of different formations
can therefore vary widely. Three main geological formations are recognized in Kerala
namely, the Archaeans (oldest rocks), the Warkalli beds of Tertiary Age (Upper
Miocene to Pliocene) and the recent deposits (quarternary). These have North-South
alignment.
Crystalline Rocks
(i) Dharwar formation: These occur in the Malabar area only. They are
represented by garnetiferous-ferruginous quartzite, mica, talc, schist etc. and are
found exposed in South-East Wayanad and North West of Gudalur.
(ii) Champion gneiss: They are seen in South and South-East Wayanad and have
gold bearing veins. Rocks appear to be of post peninsular age.
(iii) Peninsular gneiss: This is one of the most widespread rock types found in
Kerala. The important minerals that go to make up the rocks are quartz, Feldspars,
biotite and garnite. In Cochin area, they form the most extensive rocks. The types
present are biotite and hornblende gneiss. In Thiruvananthapuram area, the gneiss
belongs to the peninsular suite and is made of quarts, orthoclase, mica and
hornblende. Charnockite and leptynites are the most common gneisses in this area.
(iv) Charnockite: A good portion of the Western Ghats is made up of this rock. In
the Travancore area the rocks are well foliated and show intrusive relationship with
peninsular gneiss. They are highly garnetiferous as compared to the charnokites of
North Kerala, where garnet is absent.
(v) Closepet granite: Archaean intrusions of post charnockite age are found in the
Malabar region. The two intrusions of biotite granite found in Kalpetta hills and
Sultan's Battery, have strong resemblance to the Dornegneiss of Hazaribagh.
Precambrian System
(i) Basic dykes: These rocks are fresh but fractured and mylonitised. They
approach dolerite in composition and are found to occur in South Malabar area. The
basic dykes of Cochin area are fine to medium grained and free form olivine. The
more coarse grained crystalline phases are represented by gabbros. Several
exposures of gabbros are found in Cochin area.
(ii) Residual laterites: A narrow zone of lateritised rock exists to the west of
crystalline rocks that constitute the eastern boundary of the State. The rock exposed
on the surface in this zone is a type of laterite, which exhibits characteristics different
from those of the laterite, which caps the Varkalai formation. The laterite preserves
the structure of the parent rock and is less compact. Below the laterite layer is the
kaolin layer, the depth of which to the undecomposed rock shows gradation.
(iii) The warkalli formation: This represents the most conspicuous sedimentary
bed occurring in Varkala. They are best exposed at Varkala in the cliffs near the
seashore. They consist of clayey sandstone, white and variegated clay and
carbonaceous clay containing thin lenses of lignite. Most of these areas are
lateritised.
(iv) Recent deposits: They are mainly developed in Northern parts of Quilon and
are made up of sand and silt. The lacustrine deposits of the backwater tracts of
Kerala, the mud banks of the coast of Alleppey and the marine beach deposits all
along the sea shore of Kerala come under the group. From the economic point of
view, the area is important as it contains valuable mineral sands.

.
Fig.1 Geological Map of Kerala.

4.0 EXPLORATORY BORING

The provision laid down in BIS 1892: 1979 was followed in sinking the exploratory
boreholes. Borehole was advanced into the soil by shell and augur boring to sink 150
mm diameter bore hole by using manually operated equipment. The boring was
carried out by boring up to maximum depth of 55.00 m. Adequate care as per
specification and Indian standard practice was taken to prevent any possible side
collapse in bore hole. The details of the bore hole including field tests of Standard
Penetration tests and also collection of undisturbed/disturbed/SPT soil samples are
given in Bore Log enclosed in Annexure. Disturbed representative samples of sub-
surface deposits were collected from bore hole, labeled depth wise and placed in
polythene bags. Reference Numbers and depth of these samples are shown in Bore
Log Data Sheet.
Field and Laboratory Works
Field and laboratory works associated with this investigation has been conducted as
per the following specifications of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS):
FIELD WORK
Sl No. Description Relevant IS Codes
IS: 1892-1979
Boring, Drilling work and Collections of
1 IS: 2131-1981
samples.
IS: 2132-1981
2 Labeling and Packing IS: 1892-1979
IS: 9640-1980
3 Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
IS: 2131-1981
LABORATORY TEST
Sl No. Description Relevant IS Codes
1 Natural Moisture Content IS: 2720(Part-2)-1973
2 Bulk Density IS: 2720(Part-28)-1974
3 Dry Density IS: 2720(Part-2)-1973
4 Grain-Size Analysis IS: 2720(Part-4)-1985
5 Liquid Limit (LL) and Plastic Limit (PL) IS: 2720(Part-5)-1976
6 Specific Gravity IS: 2720(Part-3)-1980
7 Consolidation Test IS: 2720(Part-15)-1986
8 Tri-axial Shear Test IS: 2720(Part-11)-1971

5.0 SAMPLING
Disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected and standard penetration test
were done during boring. In addition to this, study in change of strata, ground water
level, visual identification of soil such as colour, nature and stiffness were recorded
during boring.
 Disturbed Sample: Disturbed/SPT samples were collected at different depths
and were properly packed after collection.
 Undisturbed Sample: Undisturbed sample were collected from soil layers in
accordance with the codal provision.

6.0 STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT)

These tests were conducted in the boreholes at regular intervals or the change of
strata; it was carried out by standard sampler (a split-spoon sampler) of standard
design and dimension (50 mm OD and 35 mm ID, with minimum length of 450 mm).
The sampler was driven by a 63.5 kg drive weight (monkey) as per guidelines laid in
IS: 2131. As per the IS code of practice for this test, the monkey was allowed to fall
on the top of the drill rod from a height of 750 mm several times until the sample
penetrates about 150 mm into the soil as a seating drive. The numbers of blows
required to drive the spoon from 150 mm to 450 mm i.e., beyond the seating drive,
were recorded and this number of blows is called ‘N’ value or Standard Penetration
Test (SPT) value of the sub-soil at that particular depth. Where the test has been
carried outon completion of a test, the split spoon sampler was brought out of the
borehole and opened the same. The collected soil sample from the split spoon
sampler was preserved in air tight polythene packets for classification purpose. The
samples were labeled properly with the project name, borehole and the depth of
sampling.

Followings are the corrections on SPT values in cohesion-less soil:

1. Due to overburden: N value for cohesion-less soil shall be corrected for
overburden as per Fig. 1 of IS: 2131 (N’).
2. Due to Dilatancy: The values corrected for overburden shall be corrected for
dilatancy if the stratum consists of fine sand and silt below water table for values
of N’ greater than 15, as under (N”): N” = 15+0.5*(N’-15)

Typical calculation for N value correction:

BH No.-1. Depth: 47.00 m to 47.45 m. Field N = 88. Water table: 0.70 m below EGL.
Effective OVP at the average depth: = 43.20 t/m2.
From Fig 1.of IS: 2131, correction factor = 0.51.
So corrected SPT value for overburden, N’ = 0.51x88 = 45.10.
Corrected SPT for dilatancy N” = 15+{0.5x(45.10-15)} = 30.05

Same calculation will be valid for other N values in sandy layer. All the correction in
detail is presented in a tabular form below in Table-1.
 OVP Correction
Start End Avg OVP Corrected Stratum
BH No. Field N 2 Corr.
Depth (m) Depth (m) Depth (m) (t/m ) Overburden Dilatancy N No
Factor
1.50 1.95 1.73 15 2.25 1.50 22.50 18.75 19 I
3.45 3.90 3.68 20 4.01 1.31 26.15 20.58 21 I
5.00 5.45 5.23 22 5.40 1.21 26.57 20.78 21 I
6.00 6.45 6.23 2 6.30 -- -- -- 2 II
6.95 7.40 7.18 2 7.16 -- -- -- 2 II
9.00 9.45 9.23 1 9.00 -- -- -- 1 II
10.45 10.90 10.68 1 10.31 -- -- -- 1 II
12.00 12.45 12.23 2 11.70 -- -- -- 2 II
13.95 14.40 14.18 2 13.46 -- -- -- 2 II
14.50 14.95 14.73 1 13.95 -- -- -- 1 II
16.45 16.90 16.68 1 15.71 -- -- -- 1 II
18.00 18.45 18.23 2 17.10 -- -- -- 2 II
19.95 20.40 20.18 2 18.86 -- -- -- 2 II
21.50 21.95 21.73 4 20.25 -- -- -- 4 II
23.95 24.40 24.18 2 22.46 -- -- -- 2 II
25.50 25.95 25.73 3 23.85 -- -- -- 3 II
27.45 27.90 27.68 2 25.61 -- -- -- 2 II
1 28.50 28.95 28.73 2 26.55 -- -- -- 2 II
30.45 30.90 30.68 20 28.31 0.65 13.08 -- 13 I
32.00 32.45 32.23 16 29.70 0.64 10.20 -- 10 I
33.45 33.90 33.68 27 31.01 0.62 16.83 15.92 16 I
35.00 35.45 35.23 31 32.40 0.61 18.87 16.93 17 III
36.45 36.90 36.68 100 33.71 0.60 59.54 37.27 37 III
38.00 38.45 38.23 51 35.10 0.58 29.68 22.34 22 III
39.45 39.90 39.68 47 36.41 0.57 26.77 20.89 21 III
40.50 40.95 40.73 32 37.35 -- -- -- 32 IV
42.00 42.45 42.23 33 38.70 -- -- -- 33 IV
44.00 44.45 44.23 39 40.50 -- -- -- 39 IV
45.45 45.90 45.68 34 41.81 -- -- -- 34 IV
47.00 47.45 47.23 88 43.20 0.51 45.10 30.05 30 III
48.45 48.90 48.68 74 44.51 0.50 37.18 26.09 26 III
50.00 50.45 50.23 91 45.90 0.49 44.79 29.89 30 III
51.45 51.90 51.68 83 47.21 0.48 40.07 27.54 28 III
53.45 53.90 53.68 72 49.01 0.47 33.86 24.43 24 III
55.00 55.05 55.03 100 50.22 0.46 46.21 30.61 31 III

Note: Average density is assumed as 1.90 t/m3.

Table-1: Correction of field N values.
Stratum wise “N” values are presented in tabular form given below:

Stratum “N” Values

Stratum Description
No. Average Maximum Minimum
I Medium dense, silty sand 17 21 10
II Very soft to soft, silty clay/clayey silt. 2 4 1
III Dense to very dense, silty sand 27 37 17
IV Hard, silty clay/clayey silt 35 39 32
Note: N Value means Standard Penetration Test (SPT) Values.

7.0 STANDING WATER LEVEL (S.W.L.)

Water level observations were made during the progress of boring. The depths at
which ground water was encountered, was recorded in the respective borelog sheet
as standing water level. Standing water level was measured after 24 hours of
removal of casing. It was noticed that the standing water level was found within a
depth of 0.70 m below EGL.

8.0 LABORATORY TEST

Relevant laboratory tests were conducted on selected undisturbed/disturbed/SPT
soil samples collected during the field investigation for proper identification,
classification and for determining the various engineering properties including the
shear strength parameters of these sub-soils deposits. Some of the routine tests
were also carried out using the soil samples. In general, the following tests were
carried out on representative soil samples collected from exploratory boreholes at
different depth/ strata:
On Soil Sample:
1. Natural Moisture Content
2. Bulk density and dry density
3. Grain size analysis (Sieve & Hydrometer).
4. Atterberg limits (Liquid limit and Plastic limit)
5. Specific Gravity.
6. Consolidation Test
7. Triaxial Shear Test
8. Chemical Test.
The above mentioned laboratory tests were conducted as per the relevant Indian
Standard Codes of practice and the results of these tests are furnished in the
Annexure of this report. Results have been presented in the form of tables and
graphs.
8.1 Natural Moisture Content (NMC) and Atterberg Limits
Natural moisture content (NMC), Liquid limit (LL), Plastic limit (PL) of silty clay/
clayey silt samples were determined to (a) classify the soil by the unified soil
classification system, (b) qualitatively assess their consistency and compressibility,
and (c) obtain swelling characteristics of the soil. Soil has been considered both from
disturbed and undisturbed samples collected from the exploratory boreholes.
8.2 Bulk density and Dry density
These were determined by measuring the weight and dimension of direct shear test
samples. The dry density has been calculated from the estimated bulk density and
the NMC. The bulk density and dry density values have been given in the laboratory
test results sheets.
8.3 Grain size analysis (Sieve & hydrometer)
The grain size distribution of some representative samples were determined from
sieve analysis and hydrometer analysis depending upon the average grain diameter
of the soil samples. The higher grained samples like sand were analyzed through
sieve and the lower grain samples like fine silt and clay were analyzed through
hydrometer. The results have been presented in the tables and graphs.
8.4 Specific Gravity
This test has been carried out to determine the specific gravity of fine-grained soil by
density bottle method as per IS: 2720 (Part III/Sec 1) – 1980. Specific gravity is the
ratio of the weight in air of a given volume of a material at a standard temperature to
the weight in air of an equal volume of distilled water at the same stated
temperature.
8.6 Consolidation test
Consolidation test was conducted in floating ring type odometers in single and four
unit’s consolidation frame under standard load increment ratio starting from ¼ kg/cm2
and upto 8 kg/cm2 in general. The soil was kept saturated during the consolidation
test, as specified the relevant IS code of practice. The void ratio (e) vs. Log (p)
curves has been presented in the report as Annexure. The values of cc/(1+eo), which
represents the volume compressibility of soil at different depths are given in the
report as results in the form of data sheet. During consolidation no swelling pressure
was observed during the incremental loading in the tests.
8.7 Triaxial Test
For Triaxial test, 38 mm diameter and 76 mm long specimens were obtained by
jacking out the soil core into three thin-walled brass tubes, each having a wall
thickness of 1/800 mm. The inside of the tubes was coated with a thin layer of silicon
oil. To obtain the specimens for consolidation test the Odometer ring was placed on
the trimmed horizontal face of the soil within the 100 mm sampling tube and the soil
around the cutting edge was gradually removed with a spatula as the ring was gently
pushed into the soil. The Ring with the soil was then removed by cutting across the
soil core with the help of piano wire saw. The Triaxial test was conducted on the clay
/ silty clay/ clayey silt samples to determine the shear strength parameters of the
collected soil samples. The cell pressures employed for the test were 1.0 kg/ cm2,
1.5 kg/ cm2, and 2.0 kg/ cm2. The strain rate for the Triaxial test under quick
condition has been taken 1.25 mm/min. The samples both for Triaxial test and
unconfined compressive strength test were loaded maximum upto 20% of axial
strain, if not failed before the said strain.

9.0 SOIL PROFILE

The average subsoil stratification has been considered for the design. The soil
stratification may, in general, has been summarized as shown in Fig 1.

9.1 Stratum-I:
The soil in this layer consists of medium dense, yellow/grey, silty sand. Average
corrected “N” value of this layer is 17. The soil samples that could be collected from
this layer, shows the following average properties of the layer.
Gravel (%) --
Sand (%) 81
Silt+Clay (%) 19
Specific Gravity 2.58
Note: Average properties are based on laboratory test results only.
IS Classification: SM

9.2 Stratum-II:
The soil in this layer consists of very soft to soft, grey, silty clay/clayey silt. The
average N of this layer is 2. The soil samples that could be collected from this layer,
shows the following average properties of the layer.
Gravel (%) -- Bulk Density (gm/cc) 1.785
Sand (%) 9 NMC (%) 95.80
Silt (%) 56 Dry Density (gm/cc) 0.911
Clay (%) 35 Liquid Limit (%) 99
Specific Gravity 2.67 Plastic Limit (%) 46
E Value (kg/cm2) Plasticity Index (%) 53
Triaxial Test. (UU)
Cohesion (kg/cm2) 0.10
Ф (degree) 2.00
Note: Average properties are based on laboratory test results only.
IS Classification: CH
Fig.1 Generalised Sub Soil Profile
9.3 Stratum-III:
The soil in this layer consists of dense to very dense, grey, silty sand. Average
corrected “N” value of this layer is 27. The soil samples that could be collected from
this layer, shows the following average properties of the layer.
Gravel (%) --
Sand (%) 82
Silt+Clay (%) 18
Specific Gravity 2.56
Note: Average properties are based on laboratory test results only.
IS Classification: SP

9.4 Stratum-IV:
The soil in this layer consists of hard, yellowish grey, silty clay/clayey silt. The
average N of this layer is 35. The soil samples that could be collected from this layer,
shows the following average properties of the layer.
Gravel (%) -- Liquid Limit (%) 73
Sand (%) 7 Plastic Limit (%) 31
Silt (%) 52 Plasticity Index (%) 42
Clay (%) 41 Specific Gravity 2.68
Note: Average properties are based on laboratory test results only.
IS Classification: CH

10.0 FOUNDATIONS
In views of the above sub-soil conditions in mind and the type of structure the
aspects regarding safe pile capacity for deep foundation in the form of bored cast in-
situ pile have been discussed in the following paragraphs. Designer can choose the
requirement depending upon the loading & geometry of the structure envisaged.

11.0 USE OF DEEP FOUNDATION:

Bored cast in-situ piles are preferred due to typical geological formation, availability
of construction agencies; ease of construction and less sound pollution.
While calculating the pile capacity, let us assume that,
a) Pile capacities shall be ascertained by approved method (IS 2911 (Part
1/Sec 2):2010).
b) Assumed Grade of Concrete = M35.
c) Diameter of pile used =1000 mm/1200 mm.
d) Pile termination depth below existing ground level = 35.00 m/40.00
m/45.00 m.
e) Cut-off depth = 2.50 m below existing ground level.
Sample Calculation of Safe Vertical Pile Capacity [As per IS 2911 (Part 1/Sec 2)
: 2010]
Design Strength Parameters:
STRATUM-I:
Design corrected “N” = 15. Corresponding Ф = 31o[Ref: Fig. No. 1.of IS 6403]
Use, Ф = 28+15xDr. [In absence of any codal reference]
[Ref: “Foundation Analysis and Design”, Fifth Edition, by J.E.Bowles, Table: 3-4, PP-
162.]
Consistency of the layer = Medium dense. Corresponding Dr = 0.35. Ф =
33.25o.
As the pile is bored cast-in-situ type, appreciable loosening of soil is
anticipated due to boring of hole and this may lead to reduction in the angle of
internal friction of soil around the wall of borehole.
Considering the subsoil condition,
Use, design C = 0.00 kg/cm2 and Ф = 28o.
γsat = 1.90 t/m3. γsub = 0.90 t/m3[Effective density]
STRATUM-II:
Design N = 2. Corresponding C = 0.13 kg/cm2 [Ref: Table 4 of IS: 2911 (Part
2
1/Sec 2)] . From laboratory test result, C = 0.10 kg/cm .
So considering the subsoil, laboratory test results and to be on the safer side,
Use, design C = 0.10 kg/cm2& Ф = 0o.
γsat = 1.80 t/m3. γsub = 0.80 t/m3[Effective density]
STRATUM-III:
Design corrected “N” = 25. Corresponding Ф = 35o[Ref: Fig. No. 1.of IS 6403]
Use, Ф = 28+15xDr. [In absence of any codal reference]
[Ref: “Foundation Analysis and Design”, Fifth Edition, by J.E.Bowles, Table: 3-4, PP-
162.]
Consistency of the layer = Dense. Corresponding Dr = 0.65. Ф = 37.75o.
As the pile is bored cast-in-situ type, appreciable loosening of soil is
anticipated due to boring of hole and this may lead to reduction in the angle of
internal friction of soil around the wall of borehole.
Considering the subsoil condition,
Use, design C = 0.00 kg/cm2 and Ф = 33o.
γsat = 1.95 t/m3. γsub = 0.95 t/m3[Effective density]
STRATUM-IV:
Design N = 30. Corresponding C = 1.87 kg/cm2 [Ref: Table 4 of IS: 2911 (Part
1/Sec 2)] . So considering the subsoil and to be on the safer side, Use, design
C = 1.50 kg/cm2& Ф = 0o.
γsat = 1.95 t/m3. γsub = 0.95 t/m3[Effective density]
The ultimate vertical pile capacity of bored cast in situ RCC pile in soil may be
estimated using the formula as given below:
Qu = (Ap x PD x Nq ) + (Ap x Nc x cp)+  [Ki x PDi x tani x Asi] +  [αi x ci x Asi]
where, Qu = Ultimate vertical load carrying capacity of RCC bored pile,
Ap = Cross sectional area of pile tip. = π/4 x (D)2
D = Diameter of pile.
PD = Effective overburden pressure at pile tip.
Nq = Bearing capacity factor for bored pile depending on Ф.
Nc = Bearing capacity factor, may be taken as 9.
cp = Average cohesion at pile tip.
Ki = Co-efficient of earth pressure in ith layer.
PDi =Mean Effective overburden pressure of ith layer.
δi = Angle of wall friction between pile and soil for the ith layer.
Asi= Surface area of pile shaft in ith layer = π x D x Li
Li = Length of pile in respective stratum,
Ф = Angle of internal friction of soil.
αi= Adhesion factor for the ith layer.
ci= Average cohesion for the ith layer.
Pile terminating depth below existing ground level = 40.00 m.
Cut-off depth = 2.50 m below existing ground level.
Shaft length contributing pile capacity = 37.50 m.
Diameter of pile = 1000 mm.
Bottom depth of Pile = 40.00 m existing ground level.
Cut-off Length = 2.50 m existing ground level.
Diameter of Pile = 1000 mm Critical depth 15.00 D
2
FOS of Shaft Resistance = 2.50 *Max unit friction on shaft fs 10 t/m
2
FOS for End Bearing = 2.50 *Maximum q(tip) = 500 t/m
2
So, maximum Depth upto which pressure will increase = 15.00 m Maximum OVP = 12.35 t/m

Layer No. Top Depth Bottom Depth Eff. Depth Cohesion F Adhesion Factor K0 Eff. Density Mean Pressure
2 3 2
(m) (m) (m) (kg/cm ) (Degree) (a) (t/m ) (t/m )
I 2.50 6.00 3.50 0.00 28 1.000 1.00 0.90 1.58
II 6.00 30.00 24.00 0.10 0 1.000 1.00 0.80 10.15
I 30.00 35.00 5.00 0.00 28 1.000 1.00 0.90 12.35
III 35.00 40.00 5.00 0.00 33 1.000 1.15 0.95 12.35

Layer Eff. Depth Effective sz fs1 = a C fs2 = K0 sztanF fs =fs1 +fs2 Ultimate Shaft Safe Shaft
No. (m) 2 2 Resistance (t) Resistance (t)
(t/m ) (t/m )

I 3.50 1.58 0.00 0.84 0.84 9.21 3.68

II 24.00 10.15 1.00 0.00 1.00 75.40 30.16
I 5.00 12.35 0.00 6.57 6.57 103.15 41.26
III 5.00 12.35 0.00 9.22 9.22 144.88 57.95
37.50 332.63 133.05
For End Bearing
Cohesion C= 1.5 kg/cm2 Uplift Pile Capacity:
Friction Angle = 0° Uplift capacity = 1/3 x [(Shaft Resistance in Vertical Capacity) + self weight of pile (Buoyant)]
So, Nc = 9 = 116.76 t
Nq = 1.00
Eff. Ovp. Pressure=p(tip) 12.35 t/m2
2
q(tip) =C.Nc+p(tip).Nq= 147.35 t/m
Ultimate End Bearing = 115.73 t
Safe End Bearing = 46.29 t So, Safe Uplift Pile Capacity = 110 t.
Safe Shaft Resistance= 133.05 t
So, Total Pile Capacity = 179.34 t * Note: As per "Pile Design and Construction Practice, Fourth
Self weight of pile (Buoyant) = 17.66 t Edition" by M.J. Tomlinson, Page-119 & 122
So, Safe Vertical Pile Capacity = 155 t

Calculation of lateral pile capacity (Fixed head pile)

C value = 0.1 kg/sqcm

Cantilever length(L1) = 0 cm
Dia of pile = 1000 mm
f ck of concrete = 35 MPa
Deflection = 10 mm

K1 = 0.36 Kg/cucm Modulus of Subgrade reaction

Constant factor K = 0.07 Kg/cucm
4
Moment of inertia (I) = 4908734.38 cm
E of concrete = 29580.40 N/sqmm 295803.99 Kg/sqcm
R= 670.13 cm
L1/R = 0.00
Factor for calculating Lf = 1.95 cm
Lf = 1306.76 cm
Pile head deflection Y = 0.13 cm 1.2806481 mm
Deflection at cut-off level = 10.00 mm
Moment = 6.53 t-m per t of Thrust
Reduction Factor = 0.70

H= 7.81 t
Corrected actual moment = 4.57 t-m per t of Thrust
 Based on soil design parameters, recommended capacities for pile are presented
below

Termination Depth Vertical Recommended lateral

of pile below Dia of Recommended Recommended load capacity
Shaft
existing ground Pile vertical pile uplift pile
Length Load Moment
level (m) (mm) capacity (t) capacity (t)
(m) (t) (t-m/ t of thrust)
Around BH-1
40.00 18.00 155 110 7.80 4.57
45.00 20.00 1000 180 135 7.80 4.57
48.00* 22.00 300 160 7.80 4.57
40.00 18.00 210 145 11.20 5.49
45.00 20.00 1200 240 175 11.20 5.49
48.00* 22.00 435 210 11.20 5.49
Note: The above load should confirmed by Load Test of pile as per IS: 2911(Part 4).
*Assuming same soil stratum found at the termination depth of the borehole, continues from
the pile end depth to the minimum cushion depth criteria as per Cl .No. 4.1.a of IS 2911
(Part-1/Sec 2) : 2010.

12.0 CHEMICAL TESTS

Chemical tests were performed on soil and water samples for determining the pH
value, Sulphate, Chloride content etc. The results are given in a tabular form below:
CHEMICAL TEST RESULTS ON SOIL SAMPLES:-
Sulphate
Depth pH Chloride
BH No. as SO3
(m) value as Cl (%)
(%)
BH-1 6.00 6.45 0.012 0.058

CHEMICAL TEST RESULTS ON WATER SAMPLE:-

Sulphate Chloride
BH/Sample Depth pH
as SO3 as Cl
No. (m) value
(mg/ltr) (mg/ltr)
1 / WS-01 0.70 6.22 21.62 71.65
Permissible Limit >6 400 500
Chemical test was carried out on a soil and water samples to determine the pH
value, Sulphate and Chloride. It is seen that the values are within permissible limits
(as per IS:456-2000) and so no special cement will be required for foundation
concrete. Either Ordinary Portland cement or Portland slag cement or Portland
Pozzolana cement can be used for concreting.
13.0 CONCLUSION AND GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the field tests and the foregoing discussion the following are summarized:
a) The subsoil is characterized by a thin fill layer at top followed by a very soft to soft,
silty clay/clayey silt layer. After that a dense to very dense, silty sand layer is
encountered and that continues up to terminating depth of the borehole.

b) The present report deals with the geotechnical investigation findings at the
location and the discussion on the aspects regarding safe pile capacity for deep
foundation in the form of bored cast in-situ pile depending on the field and laboratory
test results. However, the Foundation Designer may modulate the type of
foundations and other values regarding foundation geometry and soil design
parameter to meet any specific design criteria.

c) Standing water level was found within a depth of 0.70 m below EGL. However,
ground water level is considered at ground level for design purpose.

d) Determination of safe pile capacities has been discussed in the section 11.

f) Precaution in all respect should be taken for nearby existing structures, if any. The
final decision regarding the foundation will depend on the judgment of the engineer
concerned.

g) Comment on the chemical nature of soil & ground water:

Chemical test was carried out on a soil and water samples to determine the pH
value, Sulphate and Chloride. It is seen that the values are within permissible limits
(as per IS:456-2000) and so no special cement will be required for foundation
concrete. Either Ordinary Portland cement or Portland slag cement or Portland
Pozzolana cement can be used for concreting.
ANNEXURE
 BORE LOG DATA SHEET

Bore Hole No. :- BH-1 Borehole Diameter :- 150 mm

Field Tests Nos Samples Nos
Alappuzha, CH Northing :- -
Location :-
3+180 KM Easting :- - S 34 U 7
Date :- 04.11.2020-05.11.2020 R.L. Value :- - Vane - W 1
Water Level :- 0.70 m below GL Termination Depth (m):- 55.00 C - D 34

Depth Penetration N Thickness Samples TCR RQD

Strata Description Symbol Remarks
( m. ) value (m) (%) (%)
15 cm 15 cm 15 cm Type No. Depth ( m. )
0.00
FILLED SOIL 0.90 D 1 0.50
0.90
0.90 6 7 8 15 S 1 1.50-1.95
D 2 2.50
MEDIUM DENSE,
U 1 3.00-3.45 SLIP
YELLOW/GREY, 5.10
7 9 11 20 S 2 3.45-3.90
SILTY SAND
D 3 4.50
6.00 10 11 11 22 S 3 5.00-5.45
6.00 D 4 5.50
2 1 1 2 S 4 6.00-6.45
U 2 6.50-6.95
1 1 1 2 S 5 6.95-7.40
D 5 8.00
1 0 1 1 S 6 9.00-9.45
D 6 9.50
U 3 10.00-10.45
1 1 0 1 S 7 10.45-10.90
VERY SOFT,
D 7 11.50
GREY, SILTY
1 1 1 2 12.80 S 8 12.00-12.45
CLAY/CLAYEY
D 8 13.00
SILT
U 4 13.50-13.95
1 1 1 2 S 9 13.95-14.40
D 9 14.50
1 0 1 1 S 10 14.50-14.95
D 10 15.50
U 5 16.00-16.45
2 1 0 1 S 11 16.45-16.90
D 11 17.50
18.80 1 1 1 2 S 12 18.00-18.45
18.80 D 12 19.00
U 6 19.50-19.95
1 1 1 2 S 13 19.95-20.40
D 13 21.00
2 2 2 4 S 14 21.50-21.95
D 14 22.50
VERY SOFT TO
U 7 23.00-23.95
SOFT, GREY,
2 1 1 2 S 15 23.95-24.40
SILTY 11.20
D 15 25.00
CLAY/CLAYEY
2 1 2 3 S 16 25.50-25.95
SILT
D 16 26.50
U 8 27.00-27.45
1 1 1 2 S 17 27.45-27.90
D 17 28.00
1 1 1 2 S 18 28.50-28.95
30.00 D 18 29.50
30.00 U 9 30.00-30.45 SLIP
8 9 11 20 S 19 30.45-30.90
D 19 31.50
MEDIUM DENSE,
7 7 9 16 S 20 32.00-32.45
WHITISH, SILTY 5.00
D 20 32.50
SAND
U 10 33.00-33.45 SLIP
10 12 15 27 S 21 33.45-33.90
35.00 D 21 34.50
35.00 12 12 19 31 S 22 35.00-35.04
D 22 35.00
U 11 36.00-36.45 SLIP
40 58 42 100 DENSE TO VERY S 23 36.45-36.90
DENSE, GREY, 5.00 D 23 36.50
21 22 29 51 SILTY SAND S 24 38.00-38.45
D 24 38.00
U 12 39.00-39.45 SLIP
40.00 20 23 24 47 S 25 39.45-39.90
 BORE LOG DATA SHEET

Bore Hole No. :- BH-1 Borehole Diameter :- 150 mm

Field Tests Nos Samples Nos
Alappuzha, CH Northing :- -
Location :-
3+180 KM Easting :- - S 34 U 7
Date :- 04.11.2020-05.11.2020 R.L. Value :- - Vane - W 1
Water Level :- 0.70 m below GL Termination Depth (m):- 55.00 C - D 34

Depth Penetration N Thickness Samples TCR RQD

Strata Description Symbol Remarks
( m. ) value (m) (%) (%)
15 cm 15 cm 15 cm Type No. Depth ( m. )
40.00 D 25 40.00
11 13 19 32 S 26 40.50-40.95
HARD,
D 26 41.50
YELLOWISH
13 15 18 33 S 27 42.00-42.45
GREY, SILTY
D 27 43.50
CLAY/CLAYEY
17 19 20 39 S 28 44.00-44.45
SILT.
D 28 45.00
46.00 12 15 19 34 S 29 45.45-45.90
46.00 D 29 46.50
22 33 55 88 S 30 47.00-47.45
VERY DENSE, D 30 48.00
25 35 39 74 GREY, SILTY S 31 48.45-48.90
7.50
SAND WITH CLAY D 31 49.50
35 38 53 91 BINDERS. S 32 50.00-50.45
D 32 51.00
53.50 30 39 44 83 S 33 51.45-51.90
53.50 D 33 53.00
VERY DENSE,
32 33 39 72 S 34 53.45-53.90
GREY, SILTY
D 34 54.50
SAND.
55.00 50 blows for 5 cm pentr. S 35 55.00-55.05
" D " - ' DISTURBED " RQD "- 'ROCK QUALITY
" S " - ' SPT ' " U " - ' UNDISTURBED SAMPLE ' "C" - 'CORE' "W" - 'WATER SAMPLE' "TCR"-'TOTAL CORE RECOVERY'
SAMPLE ' DESIGNATION'
 LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

2
)
)
2
2
)
)/ 2gk
mcv(
m

. pS

e py T
( tli S
15.00 Non - Plastic
mc/ gk(

( yal C
S 1.50 SM 15 19 - 85.00 2.56

( dna S
) %

( ht pe D

. ON HB
( l evar G
MEDIUM DENSE,

) %
) eer ge d(

) %
i L di uqi L

( t net no C
i L ci t sal P

) m
yti var G

) %
S 3.45 YELLOW/GREY, SILTY SM 20 21 - 83.00 17.00 Non - Plastic 2.62

noi t pi r cse D
) %
t se Tf o e py T
SAND

( ti m
( ti m
mc/ gk( e ul a V E
e gna R er usser P

S 5.00 SM 22 21 - 80.00 20.00 Non - Plastic 2.61

noi t aci fi ssal C SI

mc/ gk( noi se ho C

) %

er ut si o Ml ar ut a N
noi t ci r Ff o el gn A

) %
( xe dnI yti ci t sal P

e ul a V N devr es b O
e ul a V N det cerr o C
) %

) cc/ mg( yti s ne D yr D

U 6.50 CH - 13.00 61.00 26.00 94.00 1.737 0.895 112.00 49.00 63.00 UU 0.09 3.00 22.50 2.69 0.50 - 0.25 0.0782

) cc/ mg( yti s ne D kl u B

1.00 - 0.50 0.0547
2.00 - 1.00 0.0539
4.00 - 2.00 0.0380
8.00 - 4.00 0.0279

U 10.00 VERY SOFT, GREY, CH - 9.00 61.00 30.00 90.00 1.760 0.926 105.00 56.00 49.00 UU 0.05 2.00 12.50 2.65 0.50 - 0.25 0.1183
SILTY CLAY/CLAYEY 1.00 - 0.50 0.1112
SILT 2.00 - 1.00 0.0738
4.00 - 2.00 0.0619
8.00 - 4.00 0.0284

1
U 13.50 CH - 7.00 51.00 42.00 100.00 1.818 0.909 111.00 49.00 62.00 UU 0.11 2.00 27.50 2.71

U 16.00 CH - 9.00 50.00 41.00 96.00 1.772 0.904 95.00 41.00 54.00 UU 0.09 1.00 22.50 2.66

U 19.50 CH - 12.00 59.00 29.00 95.50 1.821 0.931 105.00 54.00 51.00 UU 0.13 2.00 32.50 2.64

U 23.00 CH - 7.00 56.00 37.00 96.50 1.772 0.902 99.00 41.00 58.00 UU 0.11 2.00 27.50 2.69 0.50 - 0.25 0.0808
1.00 - 0.50 0.0651
2.00 - 1.00 0.0546
4.00 - 2.00 0.0505
VERY SOFT TO SOFT,
8.00 - 4.00 0.0322
GREY, SILTY
CLAY/CLAYEY SILT
U 27.00 CH - 4.00 57.00 39.00 98.49 1.818 0.916 67.00 32.00 35.00 UU 0.09 2.00 22.50 2.65 0.50 - 0.25 0.1195
1.00 - 0.50 0.0708
2.00 - 1.00 0.0683
4.00 - 2.00 0.0513
8.00 - 4.00 0.0289
 LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

)
2
)
2
2
)
)/ 2g k
mcv(
m

S 30.45 SM 20 13 - 77.00 23.00 Non - Plastic 2.56

MEDIUM DENSE,

e py T
mc/ g k(

WHITISH, SILTY SAND

) %( t l i S

. ON H B
S 33.45 SM 27 16 - 82.00 18.00 Non - Plastic 2.55

) %( y al C
) e er g e d(

) %( d n a S

) m( ht p e D
yti v ar G. p S

) %( l e v ar G

n oi t pi r c s e D
) %( t n et n o C
t s e T f o e py T
DENSE TO VERY
mc/ g k( e ul a V E
e g n a R er u s s er P

n oi t a ci f i s s al C SI
S 36.45 DENSE, GREY, SILTY SM 100 37 - 79.00 21.00 Non - Plastic 2.61
mc/ g k( n oi s e h o C

) %( ti mi L di u qi L

er ut si o Ml ar ut a N
n oi t ci r F f o el g n A

) %( ti mi L ci t s al P

e ul a V N d e vr e s b O
e ul a V N d et c er r o C
SAND

) %( x e d nI yti ci t s al P

) c c/ mg( yt i s n e D yr D

) c c/ mg( yt i s n e D kl u B
S 40.50 HARD, YELLOWISH CH 32 32 - 6.00 51.00 43.00 67.00 29.00 38.00 2.65
GREY, SILTY

1
S 44.00 CLAY/CLAYEY SILT. CH 39 39 - 8.00 52.00 40.00 79.00 32.00 47.00 2.71

S 47.00 SM 88 30 - 85.00 15.00 * Non - Plastic 2.46

VERY DENSE, GREY,
S 50.00 SILTY SAND WITH SM 91 30 - 82.00 18.00 * Non - Plastic 2.61
CLAY BINDERS.
S 53.45 SM 72 24 - 83.00 17.00 * Non - Plastic 2.55

VERY DENSE, GREY,

S 55.00 SM 100 31 - 82.00 18.00 * Non - Plastic 2.57
SILTY SAND.

D = Distrubed soil sample, P = SPT Sample, U = Undistrubed Sample UU= Uncompresive undrained test DS= Direct shear test
 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVE

BH No. 1

120.00

100.00

80.00
Finer

60.00
%

1.50 m

40.00 3.45 m

20.00

0.00
0.01 0.1 1 10
Grain Size (mm)

Grain Size (mm) >4.75 4.75-0.075 0.075-0.002 <0.002

Sample No. Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%)
BH-1, S1, 1.50 m - 84.65 15.36
BH-1, S2, 3.45 m - 82.70 17.30
BH No. 1

120.00

100.00

80.00
Finer

60.00
%

5.00 m
40.00
6.50 m

20.00

0.00
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Grain Size (mm)
Grain Size (mm) >4.75 4.75-0.075 0.075-0.002 <0.002
Sample No. Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%)
BH-1, S3, 5.00 m - 80.03 19.97
BH-1, U2, 6.50 m - 12.90 61.31 25.79
 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVE

BH No. 1

120.00

100.00

80.00
Finer

60.00 10.00 m
%

13.50 m
40.00

20.00

0.00
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Grain Size (mm)

Grain Size (mm) >4.75 4.75-0.075 0.075-0.002 <0.002

Sample No. Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%)
BH-1, U3, 10.00 m - 9.47 61.16 29.37
BH-1, U4, 13.50 m - 6.97 51.45 41.58
BH No. 1

120.00

100.00

80.00
Finer

60.00
%

16.00 m
40.00
19.50 m

20.00

0.00
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Grain Size (mm)
Grain Size (mm) >4.75 4.75-0.075 0.075-0.002 <0.002
Sample No. Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%)
BH-1, U5, 16.00 m - 9.06 49.85 41.10
BH-1, U6 19.50 m - 12.32 59.18 28.51
 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVE

BH No. 2

120.00

100.00

80.00
Finer

60.00
%

23.00 m

40.00 27.00 m

20.00

0.00
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Grain Size (mm)

Grain Size (mm) >4.75 4.75-0.075 0.075-0.002 <0.002

Sample No. Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%)
BH-1, U7, 23.00 m - 7.36 56.37 36.27
BH-1, U8, 27.00 m - 4.42 56.90 38.68
BH No. 1

120.00

100.00

80.00
Finer

60.00
%

30.45 m
40.00
33.45 m

20.00

0.00
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Grain Size (mm)
Grain Size (mm) >4.75 4.75-0.075 0.075-0.002 <0.002
Sample No. Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%)
BH-1, S19, 30.45 m - 77.08 22.93
BH-1, S21, 33.45 m - 81.94 18.06
 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVE

BH No. 1

120.00

100.00

80.00
Finer

60.00 36.45 m
%

40.50 m
40.00

20.00

0.00
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Grain Size (mm)

Grain Size (mm) >4.75 4.75-0.075 0.075-0.002 <0.002

Sample No. Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%)
BH-1, S23, 36.45 m - 79.35 20.65
BH-1, S26, 40.50 m - 5.82 50.92 43.26
BH No. 1

120.00

100.00

80.00
Finer

60.00
%

44.00 m
40.00
47.00 m

20.00

0.00
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Grain Size (mm)
Grain Size (mm) >4.75 4.75-0.075 0.075-0.002 <0.002
Sample No. Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%)
BH-1, S28, 44.00 m - 8.16 52.25 39.59
BH-1, S30, 47.00 m - 85.34 14.67
 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVE

BH No. 1

120.00

100.00

80.00
Finer

60.00
%

50.00 m

40.00 53.45 m

20.00

0.00
0.01 0.1 1 10
Grain Size (mm)

Grain Size (mm) >4.75 4.75-0.075 0.075-0.002 <0.002

Sample No. Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%)
BH-1, S32, 50.00 m - 81.81 18.19
BH-1, S34, 53.45 m - 83.13 16.88
BH No. 1

120.00

100.00

80.00
Finer

60.00
%

55.00 m
40.00

20.00

0.00
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Grain Size (mm)
Grain Size (mm) >4.75 4.75-0.075 0.075-0.002 <0.002
Sample No. Gravel (%) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%)
BH-1, S35, 55.00 m - 81.86 18.15
 CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
Bore Hole No :- 01 Dia of Specimen ( D ) cm :- 6
Depth of Sample ( m ) :- 6.50 Height of Specimen ( H ) cm :- 2
NMC (%) :- 94.00 Specific Gravity of Soil ( G ) :- 2.69
Wt. of Dry Sample ( Wd ) gm :- 71.65 Solid Height of Sample ( Hs ) cm :- 1.005

Total Ht. Coefficient

Final Dial Changed Coefficient
Applied Change Void Changed of Volume Compression
Gauge Dial Void of Com -
Pressure for Dial Height in Com - Index.
Reading Reading ratio pressibility.
(Kg/cm2) Reading (cm) Void ratio
(av)
pressibility. (CC)
(mm) (cm)
(cm) (mv)

0.00 26.21 0.000 2.000 0.995 0.990

0.10 26.05 -0.016 1.984 0.979 0.975 0.016 0.155 0.0779

0.25 25.75 -0.030 1.954 0.949 0.945 0.030 0.200 0.1013

0.50 25.37 -0.038 1.916 0.911 0.907 0.038 0.152 0.0782

1.00 24.85 -0.052 1.864 0.859 0.854 0.052 0.104 0.0547 0.365

2.00 23.84 -0.100 1.763 0.758 0.755 0.100 0.100 0.0539

4.00 22.50 -0.134 1.629 0.624 0.621 0.133 0.067 0.0380

8.00 20.68 -0.182 1.447 0.442 0.440 0.181 0.045 0.0279

0.50 21.68 0.100 1.547 0.542 0.540 -0.100

e-log p Curve
1.000

0.950

0.900

0.850

0.800

0.750

0.700

0.650

0.600

0.550
Void ratio

0.500

0.450

0.400
0.10 Pressure Range (Kg/cm2) 1.00 10.00
 CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
Bore Hole No :- 01 Dia of Specimen ( D ) cm :- 6
Depth of Sample ( m ) :- 10.00 Height of Specimen ( H ) cm :- 2
NMC (%) :- 90.00 Specific Gravity of Soil ( G ) :- 2.65
Wt. of Dry Sample ( Wd ) gm :- 71.65 Solid Height of Sample ( Hs ) cm :- 1.022

Total Ht. Coefficient

Final Dial Changed Coefficient
Applied Change Void Changed of Volume Compression
Gauge Dial Void of Com -
Pressure for Dial Height in Com - Index.
2 Reading Reading ratio pressibility.
(Kg/cm ) Reading (cm) Void ratio pressibility. (CC)
(mm) (cm) (av)
(cm) (mv)

0.00 27.65 0.000 2.000 0.978 0.957

0.10 27.48 -0.017 1.983 0.961 0.940 0.016 0.163 0.0833

0.25 27.18 -0.030 1.953 0.931 0.911 0.029 0.195 0.1003

0.50 26.61 -0.058 1.896 0.873 0.855 0.057 0.226 0.1183

1.00 25.55 -0.105 1.790 0.768 0.751 0.103 0.206 0.1112 0.631

2.00 24.23 -0.132 1.658 0.636 0.622 0.129 0.129 0.0738

4.00 22.18 -0.205 1.453 0.431 0.421 0.201 0.100 0.0619

8.00 20.53 -0.165 1.288 0.265 0.260 0.162 0.040 0.0284

0.50 21.57 0.105 1.392 0.370 0.362 -0.103

e-log p Curve
0.950
0.900
0.850
0.800
0.750
0.700
0.650
0.600
0.550
0.500
0.450
0.400
Void ratio

0.350
0.300
0.250
0.200
0.10 Pressure Range (Kg/cm2) 1.00 10.00
 CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
Bore Hole No :- 01 Dia of Specimen ( D ) cm :- 6
Depth of Sample ( m ) :- 23.00 Height of Specimen ( H ) cm :- 2
NMC (%) :- 96.50 Specific Gravity of Soil ( G ) :- 2.69
Wt. of Dry Sample ( Wd ) gm :- 71.65 Solid Height of Sample ( Hs ) cm :- 1.018

Total Ht. Coefficient

Final Dial Changed Coefficient
Applied Change Void Changed of Volume Compression
Gauge Dial Void of Com -
Pressure for Dial Height in Com - Index.
2 Reading Reading ratio pressibility.
(Kg/cm ) Reading (cm) Void ratio pressibility. (CC)
(mm) (cm) (av)
(cm) (mv)

0.00 28.66 0.000 2.000 0.982 0.965

0.10 28.58 -0.008 1.992 0.974 0.957 0.008 0.080 0.0407

0.25 28.26 -0.032 1.960 0.942 0.925 0.031 0.207 0.1060

0.50 27.87 -0.040 1.921 0.903 0.887 0.039 0.156 0.0808

1.00 27.24 -0.063 1.858 0.840 0.825 0.061 0.123 0.0651 0.664

2.00 26.23 -0.101 1.757 0.739 0.726 0.100 0.100 0.0546

4.00 24.45 -0.177 1.579 0.561 0.551 0.174 0.087 0.0505

8.00 22.42 -0.203 1.376 0.358 0.352 0.200 0.050 0.0322

0.50 23.54 0.112 1.488 0.469 0.461 -0.110

e-log p Curve
1.000
0.950
0.900
0.850
0.800
0.750
0.700
0.650
0.600
0.550
0.500
0.450
0.400
Void ratio

0.350
0.300
0.250
0.200
0.10 Pressure Range (Kg/cm2) 1.00 10.00
 CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
Bore Hole No :- 01 Dia of Specimen ( D ) cm :- 6
Depth of Sample ( m ) :- 27.00 Height of Specimen ( H ) cm :- 2
NMC (%) :- 98.49 Specific Gravity of Soil ( G ) :- 2.65
Wt. of Dry Sample ( Wd ) gm :- 71.65 Solid Height of Sample ( Hs ) cm :- 1.023

Total Ht. Coefficient

Final Dial Changed Coefficient
Applied Change Void Changed of Volume Compression
Gauge Dial Void of Com -
Pressure for Dial Height in Com - Index.
2 Reading Reading ratio pressibility.
(Kg/cm ) Reading (cm) Void ratio pressibility. (CC)
(mm) (cm) (av)
(cm) (mv)

0.00 27.55 0.000 2.000 0.977 0.956

0.10 27.40 -0.015 1.985 0.962 0.941 0.015 0.145 0.0741

0.25 27.10 -0.030 1.955 0.932 0.912 0.030 0.197 0.1017

0.50 26.52 -0.058 1.897 0.874 0.854 0.057 0.228 0.1195

1.00 25.84 -0.067 1.829 0.807 0.789 0.066 0.131 0.0708 0.532

2.00 24.59 -0.125 1.704 0.682 0.667 0.122 0.122 0.0683

4.00 22.84 -0.175 1.529 0.507 0.496 0.171 0.086 0.0513

8.00 21.08 -0.177 1.353 0.330 0.323 0.173 0.043 0.0289

0.50 22.49 0.142 1.494 0.472 0.461 -0.139

e-log p Curve
0.950
0.900
0.850
0.800
0.750
0.700
0.650
0.600
0.550
0.500
0.450
0.400
Void ratio

0.350
0.300
0.250
0.200
0.10 Pressure Range (Kg/cm2) 1.00 10.00