l

CLIENT NAME :PRAN RFL GROUP

REPORT ON: SUB-SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE

,rro^
PUKURPAR. NATORE,

M-H] A E
Soil Test Performed:
fr$
SO I L I"AY E R EXP LO RATI O N

(Enai,neerino soil test. pillina works. load test & dioital suruev consultantl

Ka-07. tooonnqthpur. Bashundharq Moin Road. Votora- Dhaka-1229.

Mobile : 07877-045155 01877-045152

E-moi I : soi I I 7998 @vohoo.com

 : CONTENTS:

Page no.

I. INTRODUCTION 3

2. LOCATION OF PROJECT 3

3. SCOPE OF WORK J

4. FIELD WORK 3-4

4.I EXPLORATORY BORING

4.2 STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT)
4.3 UNDISTURBED SOIL SAMPLE (U)
4.4 DTSTURBED SOIL SAMPLE (D)
4.s GROUND WATER TABLE (GWT)

n
5. LABORATORY TEST 4-7

6. DESCRTPTTON OF SOIL (COMPOSITTON & ALLOWABLE)

SOIL PRESSURE & OT}MRS PARAMETERS DEPENDING 7-8
ON'N'VALUE.

7. PTrySICAL & ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF SOIL. 8-9

8. GROLIND ELEVATION. 9

9. BEARING CAPACITY OF PROPOSED FOTINDATION. g-fi&.12

IO. TABLE FOR BEARING CAPACITY. 11&13

1 I. SETTLEMENT OF FOUNDATION. l4-15

I2. DISCUSSIONS AND COMMENT t6

13. FIGURES BORE LOGS, TESTS & RESIILTS.

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17 to rest

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 : REPORTS:
1. Introduction:
"SOIL LAYER EXPLORATION" was entrusted with the soil-technical
investigation works for construction of the proposed multi storied TK+TS building at Ekdala
Pukurpar Natore. An adequate soil investigation is an essential pre-requisite of a civil engineering
project.

The object of the work is to investigate the in-situ soil condition, pertaining to
depth and thickness of strata formation, load bearing capacity of the sub soil & collect
sufficient data for safe and economic design of foundation for the proposed structure.

The sub-soil investigation work was executed in response to award of the contracf
by the owners in favour of "SOIL LAYER EXPLORATION" a sub-soil exploration firm in
Dhaka during the period of 2016.

2. LOCATION OF PROJECT: EKDALA, PUKLRPAR, NATORE.

3. Scope of work
The scope of work is comprised of

i) Exploratory borings.
ii) Execution of SPT at an interval of 5 feet depth.
iii) In-situ testing.
iv) Collection of soil samples (Disturbed & Undisturbed).
v) Recording of ground water table.
vi) Laboratory test.
vii) Evaluation of test results.
viii) Preparation of report.

4. Fieldwork:

4.1. Exploratory boring: A total of 2 (Two) nos. of exploratory bore holes

(Location shows in the enclosed layout plan) up to 61'-0'? maximum depth below the
existing ground level.

4.2. Standard penetration test (SPT): Standard penetration test (S.P.T) have been
executed in each borehole at 5'-0" interval up to the final depth of exploration. The
tests were made by using split spoon for 2" outer dia, and 1-318" inches inner dia.
attached to the lower end of drill rod. A 140 lbs. hammer was allowed fall freely from
a heightof 2.50 ft. on a socket attached to the drill rod. The number of blows
required for last 12" of penetration of the spoon was entered into the bore chart as
being the standard penetration test results. The disturbed samples collected in the
spoon during the tests were kept in polythene bags and marked with bore hole number,
depth from EGL and blows required and stored in the godown of "SOIL LAYER

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EXPLORATION"

gh#
 4.3 Undisturbed soil samples (U): -
The undisturbed soil samples have been collected from the cohesive deposit
from different depths. The sampler *. rho*n on the bore logs against respective depths
by proper symbol. The samples were collected in thin walled Shelby tube by pressing the
tubes into the cohesive soil. 1 (One) nos. of undisturbed samples have been collected from
the entire bore for laboratory testing and the test results of which are furnished in summary
oflaboratory test results for necessary utilization.

4.4 Disturbed soil samples (D): -

Disturbed soil samples were extracted at every 5ft. interval for at every
change of strata and examine the changes in the color and type of drill water returned with
cutting of soil from the boreholes during operation. The samples were collected by means
of split spoon sampler. This sampler was attached to the bottom of the drilling rod in place
of the cutting bit and lowered into the hole at the desired depth. It was then driven into the
soil up to a measured depth by means of hammering and collected in polythene bags,
properly labeled and shifted to the laboratory for testing.

4.5 Ground water table (GWT): -

The ground water table was recorded in each borehole. Measurement for
ground water table was taken after an overnight stabilization on completion of boring of
that hole and followed by another measurement after 24 hours. The last measurement was
taken as final for ground water table and recorded. During this period of borehole was
protected from any physical disturbance of caving. The recorded ground water tables are
shown on boring logs attached in this report.

5. Laboratory tests:
The following laboratory tests were performed in accordance with ASTM/AASHTO
specification.

Name of tests Number of test performed

Natural moisture content tests 1(One) nos.

Specific gravity tests 1(One) nos.
Atterberge limits (Lw & Pw) 0
Density Test (Wet & Dry) 1(One) nos.
Grain size Analysis Tests 8 (Eight) nos.
Consolidation Tests 1(One) nos.
Unconfined Compression Tests 1(One) nos.,
Direct shear Tests 0
All laboratory tests conducted on soil samples collected either in the disturbed or in the
undisturbed state. These are as follows: -

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5.1 Natural moisture content: -
The water content of a soil sample is the ratio of the weight of the water in
the sample to its dry weight. The soil sample is weighed both in natural state and in oven dry
state and the moisture content is calculated by driving the loss of weight of the sample by its
dry weight. Natural moisture content is one of the most important index properties of fined
grained soil which is used to determine degree of soil, porosity of soil etc.

5.2 Specific gravity test:

The specific gravity of a soil solid is defined as the ratio of the weight of given
volume of a soil solid at a given temp to the weight of same volume of distilled water at that temp.
To determine the specific gravity of a soil sample, 26 grams of oven dried soil sample is
thoroughly pulverized and placed in a calibrated pycnometer. Water is poured into until its top is'
slightly below the calibrated mark. The mixture in the pycnometer then boiled thoroughly in order
to eliminate all the air bubble. More water is then added to the mixture till it touched the calibrated
mark. It is then allowed to fill ovemight, the temperature recorded and the bottle is weighted. The
specific gravity Gs is given by

Gs= (Gr xW5) / (W5-W1 +Wr;

Where, GT = Specific gravity of water.

Ws : The weight of oven dry soil (26) grams.
w1 :Wt. Of flask+soil+water.
W2 : Wt. Of flask+water.
5.3 Atter- berge limits:
The physical properties of clay are greatly influenced by water content .A
given soil behave as a fluid or as a plastic materials, depending on how much water it
contains. The water contents that correspond to the boundaries between the states of
consistency are called as the atter-berge limit.

Liquid limit is the minimum water content at which a clay soil just starts
behaving like a fluid. It is determined with the help of standard liquid limit device, which
consists of brass cup and an zurangement to impart below to cup at an uniform rate. A grove
of standard dimension is cut into a paste of soil contained in the cup. The water content at
which 26 blows are sufficient to close the standard groove is termed as the liquid limit of the
soil sample.
The plastic limit is the minimum water content at which a soil is just plastic
and determine by rolling out a soil sample at slowly decreasing water content until that water
content is reached at which a thread of 1/8" dia just begins to crumble. The thread is rolled on
glass plate with hand. The water content that is sufficient to fill the pores, when the soil is at
the minimum volume it will attain drying. To obtain the moisture content below which no
further volume change of soil mass occurs and to obtained quantitative indication of the
amount of volume change that can occur.
5.4 Densify (wet, dry & relative):
Density of soil samples means weight per unit volume of soil. This test is used to
ensure the field compaction, To find out the densities of soil samples in undistrbed state,
specimens of regular sizes are trimmed out of the original sample and the same are weighed in both
natural and oven dry states.

Where, W= Water content when saturated, in percent of dry weight.

5.5 Grain size analysis:

The object of grain size analysis is to determine the size of the soil grains and
the percentage by weight of soil particles of different particles size, comprising a soil sample.
The process consists of either sieve analysis or hydrometer analysis or both. The hydrometer
analysis is adopted for sample passing through sieve no-200. For hydrometer analysis, a 40
gms. of the oven dry sample is mixed with required quantity of water in a calibrated glass
cylinder. In order to avoid flocculation, a little dispersing agent is added. The density of the
suspension is measured at specified time intervals, by means of a hydrometer or special
design. At any particular size, the size of the largest particle remounting in suspension of the
level of the hydrometer can be computed by means of stocks law, where as the weight of the
particles finer then that size can be computed from the density of the suspension of the same
level.
The mixture is washed through U.S standard sieve no.200 and the fraction
retained is dried. The fraction retained on each sieve is weighed for calculation of the
percentage of different fraction. The results are represented by cumulative curves plotted on
semi logarithmic graph paper.

5.6 Un-confined compression test:

Unconfined compression test is a simple method for determination of
shearing strength of cohesive soil, which is important to determine the bearing capacity of
soil. As the name implies, the lateral confining pressure in an unconfined compression test is
kept zero. The load is applied directly on the top of the laterally unsupported specimen and at
failure is measured.
The specimen is prepared from the undisturbed soil sample by carefully
trimming. It is cylindrical shape of 2.8" height and 1.4" dia. The specimen is then placed on
the level pedestal of the unconfined compression apparatus in a vertical position. The load is
applied axially on the top of the specimen and is distributed uniformly over the surface of the
specimen with the help of double providing ring assembly fitted with a strain gauge fitted
with the apparatus. The load is applied such a rate that the vertical deformation of the sample
is nearly 2o/o per minute in order to avoid any drainage during compression. The load is kept
increasing until the specimen fails along its shearing plane. The maximum load at failure
known as the unconfined compressive strength of the sample.
 5.7 Consolidation:
The test is performed on a specimen of circular shape of 2.6" dia and 1,,
thickness. The specimen is prepared from the undisturbed sample by carefully
trimming it to
the required dimension with the help of cutting edge and wie saw. The rin! on
the load is
then applied on the porous stone and its top and bottom along with the'help of a level
arrangement filled with apparatus. Decreases in volume of specimen are read
from a strain
gauge attached to the consolidation unit of specified time intervals. The
consolidation unit is
always kept full with water in order to avoid ivaporation of the specimen.

5.8 Direct Shear test:

Direct shear test can be performed for both co-hesionless and cohesive soil
to determine shear strength, angle of internal friction, cohesion C, volume change etc. The
test is done in a direct shear machine, which consists of a normal loading devic-e,
shearing
device. 2"x2" two pieces sample, square box etc. The rate on shearing displacement
of
approximately 0.06" per minute is after used for a sample thickness of about
0.60,, inch. The
results of direct shear test on a co-hesionless & cohesive soil can be presented
in a summary
table & by a stress - strain curve.

6.'Description of soil composition, allowable soil pressure and other parameters

of soil depending on 6n'value:
(xxii) The following terms are used in this report of description of soil composition.
(xxiii) Trace :- I to l0o/o
(xxiv) Little :- 11 to 20o/o
(xxv) Some :- 20 to 36%o
(xxvi) Sandy ;- 36 to 60% sand
(xxvii) Clayey :- 36 to 600/o clay
(xxviii)Silty ;- 36 to 60% silt
The flowing co-relation table (After K. Terzaghi and R.B peck) are given
below.

(ii) Values of Dr, unit weight and allowable soil pressure of non-co-hesive soils
based on-
n-values:
Thble no-l

N- values Condition Relative Angle of Moist unit Allowable soil

Densitv intemal friction weisht in pcf pressure in TSF
0-4 Very Loose 0.0-0.2 260-300 70-100 0.0-0.4
4-10 Loose 0.2-0.4 300-360 90-1 l6 0.4-0.7
10-30 Med. Dense 0.4-0.6 360-400 110-130 0.7-2.6
30-60 Dense 0.6-0.86 400-460 lr0-130 2.6-4.6
Over60 Very dense 1.00 460 130"-1 600 Over 4.6

The tabulated values apply for dry / moist co-hesionless sand, for silty sands
the
bearing capacity values must be reduced by study of grain size classification
and applyil*
judgement.Correction for water table close to
bottom offiundation the bearing.

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Values should be reduced to half. The bearing values are however, not affected by the water
table at a depth greater than 1.6 B below foundation level, B - being least dimension of the
bottom of foundation. The bearing values for intermediate position of water table may be
reduced by liner interpolation.

(vr) Allowable bearing capacity of clayey soil on the basis of 'n' values:

The relationship between the S.P.T resistances, the consistency of soil

and the allowable bearing capacity as suggested by Ter-zaghi and peck is given here in the
table. The values are quite approximate and should be used cautiously.

Standard Consistency or Unconfined Allowable bearing capacity in

penetration compactness compression T.S.F
resistance 'n strength 'qD' in Square footing Continues
values T.S.F 1.2x qu footing
0.90x qu
0-2 Very soft 0.0-0.26 0.0-0.30 0.0-0.226
2-4 Soft 0.26-0.60 0.30-0.60 0.226-0.46
4-8 Medium stiff 0.60-1.00 0.60-1.20 0.46-0.90
8-1 6 stiff 1.00-2.00 t.20-2.40 0.90-1.80
t6-32 Verv stiff 2.00-4.00 2.40-4.80 1.80-3.60
Over 32 Hard Over 4.00 Over 4.80 Over 3.60

In the above table the shear strength of cohesive soil is equal to half of
unconfined compressive strength and the angle of shearing resistance is equal to zero .lt
should be remembered that the correlation is only for cohesive.

7. Physical & engineering properties of soil:

Physical properties:

The physical properties of the sub-soil formation of the project area have been
evaluated by the execution of 2 (Two) nos. 61'-0" deep boring. The overall physical
Properties may be summarized as follows and the color/ consistency/compactness of soil
are shown in the bore logs.

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 Name of test Quantity of test
Minimum Maximum
Natural moisture
content o%
Unit weight (lb/cft)
(a) for wet
(b) for dry

Index Properties
(a) Liquid limit test
b) Plastic limit test

(ii) Engineering Properties :

SL Name of test Quantity of test Physical properties

No.
Minimum Maximum
Grain size analysis 8 nos.
2 Unconfined compression
Strength 4
(a) Stress I nos. 14.10 14.10
(b) Strain % 1 nos. 8.00 8.00
J Consolidation:-
a) Compression index (Cc) I nos. 0.160 0.160
b) Void ratio (Eo) I nos. 0.750 0.750

4 Direct shear test

(a) Cohesion
(b) Anele of internal friction

8. Ground elevation:
Top of North side road level is considered as R.L 0.00 for reference of all
the boreholes in the explored area. The R.L of E.G.L is shown in bore logs. All boreholes
have been executed with respect to the E.G.L. The depth of borehole is considered from
E.G.L.

9. Bearing capacity proposed foundation:

The safe bearing capacity may be computed from the following equation based
on terzaghi's analysrs.
Assumptions in terzaghi's: -
(i) The soil is homogeneous and isotropic.
(ii) The strip footing has a rough base.
(iii) Failure zones do not extend above the horizontal plane though the base of the
footing.Based on the above assumption terzaghi derived a general beari capacity
equation of a footing for width B.

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For strip, square and circular footing
ault : cN, S.+ yDso + 0.5 y BNySy_-_---_-_--__-_- (1)
Where C = Cohesion of soil
y = Unit wt of soil mass
D = Depth at which foundation is placed

N". Nq Ny is dimentionless number known as terzaghi's bearing capacity factors and

depend on $ values,

For Square Footing equation (1) becomes (as S. = 1.3 & S, =0.80)
:
Qurt 1.3CN. + yDNq + 0.40 yBr..y ------------------------- (2)
For Circular Footing Equation (l) becomes (as S. = 1.3 & S, =0.60)
:
Qult 1.3CNc + yDNq+ 0.30 yBNy-----.--.--------.--.-.---(3)
For Strip Footing equation (1) becomes (as S.: 1.0 & S, =1.00)
:
Qurt CN. + yDNq + 0.50 yBy, ---------------(4)

" o Forpurelycohesivesoil ,Q:0and

N. =5.7, Nq = 1.0, Ny:0 t

For Square & Circular footing

ault :1.3x5.7C+yD
aall = 2.47C + 1/3 yD---- -----------(5)

For Strip footing

eult =5.7C+yD
aall = 1.90c +tl3 yD-- -----------(6)

o For cohesoin less soil C 0:

ault = TDNq + 0.5 y Bp, S,
aall : r/3
lyDyo + 0.5 y B Ny Sr)----- ----------(7)
10. For mat / raft foundation:

A raft or mat is a combined footing that covers the entire area beneath a structure and
supports all the walls and columns when the allowable soil pressure is low, or the building
loads are so heavy that the spread footing would cover more than one half of the bldg.
area then it may prove more economical to use mat or raft foundation.
A raft on clay may fail in shear. The net ultimate bearing capacity may be determined
from the following expression
Qult :6C (1+ 0.2BtL) (1 + 0.2 D/B) --------- (1)
Assume. 28:L
Equation (1) becomes
Qult :6C (1+ 0.2 x U2) (l + 0.2 D/B)
:6.6 C (1+0.2 D/B)
Qall: Qult/3 = 1.833 C (1+0.2 D/B)
Ref: Soil Mechanics and foundation---------------------Dr. B.C. Punmia.

10. Table for bearing capacity of square and strip (continuous) footing and raft
foundation.

Bore Depth Field Correct Allowable bearing capacity in

Hole in S.P.T S.P.T T.S.F. with F.S=3.00
No. feet values Values Square Or Strip Raft
Circular (continuous) foundation
footing footing
5 5 5 0.85 0.67 0.60
BH.9 10 B B 1.39 1.11 1.01
15 13 13 2.24 1.78 1.71
20 5 5 1.08 0.91 0.69
5 4 4 0.48 0.48 0.48
BH-IO 10 7 7 1.24 0.99 0.88
15 10 10 1.78 1.42 1.32
20 4 4 0.55 0.55 0.55
ll (a). Bearing capacity for deep foundation:

Deep foundations are essential where the topsoil is either loose or soft. There are two types of
deep foundation. They are:

(i) Pile foundation (ii) Caissons or well foundation

Caissons or well foundation are normally used to carry heavy loads such as the loads from
bridge piers or multi-storied bldg. and it is very expensive. So pile foundations are the
obvious choice.

o Bearing capacity for Bored pile foundation in clay.

Quilt: cNcAp * cr c-A's in T.S.F. where G = 0.3 (when drilled with slurry)

. Bearing capacity for Bored pile foundation in sand.

Quilt = 14N (Db/B) Ap +0.67N in KN/m2

(Ref: Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering by Dr. K.R. Arora)

 12. Table for the allowable skin friction and end bearing capacity for R.C.C
cast in situ
Pile.

Allowable Allowable Allowable Allowable Allowable

Skin End End bearing bearing
BH-No. Depth Field Corrected Friction in bearing in bearing in capacity for capacity fbr
in feet S.P.T S.P.T T.S.F ton for 18" ton for 20" 18" dia 20" dia
Values Values dia (Ton) dia (Ton) R.C.C cast R.C.C cast
in situ pile in situ pile in
in ton ton

5 5 5
10 8 8 0.070
15 13 13 0 114
20 5 5 0.098
25 7 7 0.064
30 4 4 0.058
BH.9
35 7 7 0.067 3.73 4.56 14.82 16.91
40 9 I 0.098 4.87 5.94 18.26 20.85
45 10 10 0.1 16 5.48 6.69 21.60 24.63
50 o I 0.116 5.01 6.10 23.85 e7.08
55 20 17 0.1 36 16.44 19.1 1 38.47 43.64
60 37 26 0.224 26.49 30.73 53.80 61.14
5 4 4
10 7 7 0.060
15 10 10 0.092
20 4 4 0 073
25 6 6 0.052
30 7 7 0.068
BH.lO
35 5 5 0.071 2.86 3.47 12.66 14.37
40 11 11 0.095 6.47 7.82 18.50 21.22
45 10 10 0.082 13.2s 15.08 27.21 30.63
50 8 8 0.1 01 5.97 7.07 22.32 25.27
55 19 17 0.124 18.45 21.30 37.72 42.75
60 22 18 0.173 20.70 23.86 44.05 49.85

Note: The skin friction which is shown at the respective depth would be considered
it for ust of
above 5'-0" length