Purposive

Communication
Chapter 1
Communication
Processes,
Principles,
And Ethics
The Components of the Communication Process
> Source
- the one who crafts the message
> Message
- the meaning shared between the sender and receiver
> Channel
- the means by which a message is conveyed
> Receiver
- the person who receives the message
The Components of the Communication Process
> Feedback
- an essential element to confirm the recipient’s understanding
> Environment
- the place, feeling, mood, mindset, and condition of both sender
and receiver
> Context
- the expectations of the sender and receiver and their shared
understanding through common environmental signs.
> Interference
- also known as the barrier or block that prevents effective
communication
 Kinds of Interference
Psychological barriers
- thoughts
Physical barriers
- stimulus, weather, climate, health, and ignorance of the medium
Linguistic and cultural barriers
- words may mean another in different cultures
Mechanical barriers
- Channels employed for interpersonal or mass communication
 The Nine Principles of Effective Communication
Clarity Creativity
- make speeches understandable. - ability to craft interesting
Concreteness messages.
- messages must be supported by Conciseness
facts. - simplicity and directness.
Courtesy Cultural Sensitivity
- being polite in approach and - emphasis on empowering
manner. diverse cultures, races, and
Correctness lifestyles.
- misuse of language can damage Captivating
your credibility. - make messages interesting
Consideration
- geared towards the audience.
Ethical Considerations in Communication
1. Respect audience
2. Consider the result of communication
3. Value truth
4. Use information correctly
5. Do not falsify information
Communication
and
Globalization
Possible Cultural Barriers to Effective Communication
in Global Environment

1. Cultural Barriers
2. Lack of knowledge of other’s culture
3. Discrimination and harassment
4. Language differences
 Strategies to become
an Effective Global Communicator
by: Krizan (2014)

1. Review communication principles

2. Analyze the message receiver
3. Be open to an accepting of other cultures
4. Learn about cultures and apply what is
learned
5. Consider language needs
Local and
Global
Communication
in Multicultural
Settings
 Intercultural
Communication
-refers to interaction
with people from diverse
cultures. (Jandt, 1998)
 Forms of Intercultural Communication
by Jandt, 1998

• Interracial Communication
- communication with people from different races
• International Communication
- communicating between representatives from
different nations
• Intracultural Communication
- interacting with members of the same racial or ethnic
group
Improving Intercultural Communication
Competence
by Jandt, 1998

1. Recognize the validity and differences of

communication styles among people.
2. Learn to eliminate personal biases and
prejudices.
3. Strive to acquire communication skills
necessary in a multicultural world.
Varieties and
Registers of
Spoken and
Written
Language
 Varieties of Spoken and Written Language
Presented by Lin (2016) based on the ideas of Mahboob (2014)

> Language varies when communicating with

people within and outside our community.
> Language varies in speaking and in writing.
> Language varies in everyday and
specialized discourses.
Eight Different Domains in which Language
Varies Depending on the Combinations of
Different Values on the Three Dimensions
(field, tenor, and mode) of the Context of
Communication.
By Mahboob (2014)
Local everyday written
-written articles found in the neighborhood
Local everyday oral
-local communication among neighbors in
everyday setting
Local specialized written
-specialized written usage can be found in formal
publications
Local specialized oral
-involves specialized discourses
Global everyday written
-avoids local colloquialism.
Global everyday oral
-occur in interactions between people coming from different
parts of the world
Global specialized written
-expands to international readers, hence non-usage of local
colloquial expressions
Global specialized oral
-people from different parts of the world discusses
specialized topics in spoken form.
Evaluating
Messages and/or
Image of Different
Types of Texts
Reflecting
Different Cultures
 Key Concepts of Media Literacy
from Center for Media Literacy (2005)
Key Concepts
1. All media messages are “constructed”
2. Media have embedded values and
point of view
3. Each person interprets messages
differently
4. Media have commercial, ideological,
or political interests
5. Media messages are constructed
using a creative language having its own
rules
Guide Questions in Media Text Analysis
1. What is the message of the text?
2. How effective does it represent reality?
3. How is the message constructed?
1. What lifestyles, values, and point of views are
represented in the text?
2. Who or what is missing?
1. What message do you perceive from the text?
2. How might others understand it differently? Why?
1. What is the purpose of the text?
2. Who is the target audience of the text?
3. Who might be disadvantaged?
4. Who created the text and why?
1. What are the techniques used, and why?
2. How effective are the techniques in supporting the
messages or themes of the text?
3. What are other ways of presenting the message?
Reference
Wakat, G. S., et al (2018). Purposive
Communication. Metro
Manila: Lorimar Publishing,
Inc., Cubao, Quezon City