Ship Hydrodynamics2

Interaction Between Hull and

Propeller

Dr. Adel Banawan

 Ship Hydrodynamics2
Alexandria University

Slip
The slip is defined as the difference between the distance
which the screw would advance during one revolution if working
in solid media, and the distance which it actually travels in
water.

Slip speed = PN - V
Where P is the pitch in m
N is propeller revolutions per second
V is the speed in m/s

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Slip
Apparent slip speed = PN – VS
Apparent slip ratio = (PN – VS) / PN
Where VS is the ship speed

True slip speed = PN – VA

True slip ratio = (PN – VA) / PN
Where VA is the speed of advance

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Propeller
Propeller is developing
thrust creating lower
pressure around the
stern, hence increasing
the resistance of the
ship Propeller
T D
RT
Vs
Ship
Ship
Ship is disturbing water
coming to or in which
the propeller is working,
thus reducing the water
velocity to the propeller

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How does the ship affect the propeller?
Vs
Upstream
Wake region: Uniform flow
Disturbed water due
to ship passage

Lower
Growing Ship
Velocity
Boundary Layer

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Velocity Profile behind the ship
Vs

DVavg Vs

Ship Centerline

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VA
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Alexandria University
Wake fraction Vs
Far Port
VA  Vs
VA  Vs  DVavg
DVavg  Vs
DVavg Vs
DVavg  const *Vs
DVavg  wVs
VA  Vs  wVs
Ship Centerline
VA  Vs 1  w 

VA  Vs 1  w

w: Taylor Wake fraction

Far SB
VA
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Wake fraction

The wake is due to three principal causes:

1- Friction wake : due to the frictional resistance and the
existence of the boundary layer
2- Potential wake : due to the fact that the streamlines do not
close around the stern
3- Wave wake : caused by a wave crest or trough at the position
of the propeller

Taylor wake fraction w = -0.05 + 0.50 CB For single screw

= -0.20 + 0.55 CB For twin screw

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How does the propeller affect the ship?

Ship Towed at velocity Vs

High Pressure Low Pressure

VS RT

Towing Rope

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Alexandria University
How does the propeller affect the ship?

Self propelled at velocity Vs

RT DR
High Pressure

VS T

L H
Much Lower Pressure

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Vs
Towed

RT

Vs
Self propelled

DR RT T

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Thrust Deduction
T  RT
T  RT  DR Vs
DR  T Self propelled
DR  const * T
DR  t * T
T  RT  DR DR RT T
T  RT  tT where
T 1  t   RT
t : thrust deduction fraction
RT
T (1-t) : the thrust deduction factor.
1  t 

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Power Definitions Vs
Power Train

RT
ME
T GB

PB PE  RTVs
PD  Q

PT  TVA PS Brake power

Delivered Power
Thrust Power Effective Power
Shaft Power
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Efficiencies Vs

RT
ME
T GB

PT  TVA PD  Q PS PB PE  RTVs

B=PT/PD T=PD/Ps ηG=PS/PB

PE RTVS T 1  t VS 1  t   
  
PT TVA TVS 1  w 1  w
H

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Power Definitions
Ship Hydrodynamics2
Alexandria University
Quasi Propulsive Coefficient
Vs

RT
T

PD  Q PE  RTVs

PE PE PT
   H B   H0 RR  QPC
PD PT PD

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Efficiency Definition Remarks
Gear Efficiency PS ≈ 0.95
G 
PB
Transmission PD ≈ 0.97-0.98
Efficiency
T 
PS
Open Water Propeller PT As measured in the
Efficiency o  tunnel (uniform flow
PD conditions)
Propeller Efficiency in PT As measured behind
the behind Condition B  the ship (non uniform
PD flow conditions)
Relative Rotative B ≈ 1.01–1.015 for S.S
 RR  ≈ 1.0 for T.S
Efficiency o
Hull Efficiency PE 1  t  ≈ 1.1-1.2 for S.S
H  
PT 1  w ≈ 0.98-1.0 for T.S

Quasi Propulsive PE PE PT
Coefficient QPC QPC     H B   H RR0
PD PT PD

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Example
A ship has a Taylor wake fraction of 0.27, a thrust deduction
Fraction of 0.161. The ship speed is 15 knots, and its total
hull resistance is 267.96 kN. Calculate speed of advance,
propeller thrust, thrust power , effective power, and hull
efficiency.

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Solution

R  1  t T
267.96  1  0.161T
T  319 kN
DR  319 - 267.96  51.04 kN
VA  Vs 1  w  151  0.27   10.95 knots
PE  RTVS  267.96 x15 x0.51  2049.89 kW
PT  TVA  319 x10.95 x0.51  1781.45 kW
1  t 1  0.161
H    1.15
1  w 1  0.27
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Efficiency Definition Remarks
Gear Efficiency PS ≈ 0.95
G 
PB
Transmission PD ≈ 0.97-0.98
Efficiency
T 
PS
Open Water Propeller PT As measured in the
Efficiency o  tunnel (uniform flow
PD conditions)
Propeller Efficiency in PT As measured behind
the behind Condition B  the ship (non uniform
PD flow conditions)
Relative Rotative B ≈ 1.01–1.015 for S.S
 RR  ≈ 1.0 for T.S
Efficiency o
Hull Efficiency PE 1  t  ≈ 1.1-1.2 for S.S
H  
PT 1  w ≈ 0.98-1.0 for T.S

Quasi Propulsive PE PE PT
Coefficient QPC QPC     H B   H RR0
PD PT PD

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