1.

(a) Work done by reaction force = 0

(b) Work done by weight
= Fs = 5  9.81  1.2 = 58.9 J
(c) Work done by pushing force
= Fs cos  = 24  2  cos 40 = 36.8 J
Work done against friction
= 18.4  2 = 36.8 J
(d) Work done against friction
= 18.4  12.5 = 230 J

2. Decrease in KE
1 2 1 2
mu − mv
= 2 2
2 2
1 60 1 25
= 2
×1200×
3.6( )  2
×1200×
3.6( )
= 138 000 J
 The car loses 138 000 J of kinetic energy

3. Decrease in PE
= mgh
= 0.5  9.81  (3 sin 30)
= 7.36 J
 The ball loses 7.36 J of potential energy.

4. (a) Yes
(b) Before the ball reaches the highest point, its KE changes to its PE.
After the ball reaches the highest point, its PE changes to its KE.
(c) Loss in KE = gain in PE
1 2 1 2
mu − mv
2 2 = mgh

v= √ u2−2gh
= √ 8.62−2×9.81×1.2
= 7.10 m s1

5. (a)(i) As the tension is always perpendicular to the direction of motion, it does no work on the
sphere.
(ii) The sphere attains the maximum speed at the lowest position.
From A to that position,
 gain in KE = loss in PE
1
mv
2 max 2 = mgh

 vmax = √ 2gh
= √ 2×9.81×(0.4−0.4 cos30°)
= 1.03 m s1
(b) From A to B,
loss in PE = work done against air resistance
0.5  9.81  h = 0.1
h = 0.0204 m
 B is lower than A by 0.0204 m.

6. (a) Yes
(b) Before the string stretches, Jason’s gravitational PE changes to his KE.
As the string stretches to point O, Jason’s gravitational PE and KE changes to the elastic PE of
the string.
(c) (i) When Jason drops from the bridge to where the string just starts stretching,
gain in KE = loss in gravitational PE
1 2
mv
2 = mgh

v= √ 2gh
= √ 2×9.81×40
= 28.0 m s1
(ii) When Jason drops from the bridge to point O,
gain in elastic PE
= loss in gravitational PE
= mgh
= 65  9.81  125
= 79 700 J
The energy stored in the elastic string is 79 700 J.

7. (a) Work done against friction = loss in KE

1 2
mv
fd = 2
54 2
mv 2 2000× ( )
3. 6
 d = 2f = 2×12000 = 18.8 m
(b) When the car moves down the slope before it stops, besides the loss in KE, there is also a loss in
potential energy / PE. The work done against friction is equal to the sum of these losses.
Therefore, a longer distance is needed to travel before the car stops.

8. (a) Block B
(b) During the motion, the speed of A is always equal to the speed of B.
Loss in PE of B = gain in PE of A +
gain in KE of A +
gain in KE of B
1
×(2+3)v 2
3  9.81  0.8 = 2  9.81  0.8 + 2
v = 1.77 m s1
 The speed of the block is 1.77 m s1.

9. Average power
work done
= time taken
1
mgh+ mv 2
2
= t
1
8×9 . 81×1 .2+ ×8×0 . 4 2
2
= 0 . 5
= 190 W

10. (a) Power = Fv = 8  1.2 = 9.6 W

 v−u 1.2−0
(b) Acceleration a = t = 5 = 0.24 m s2
At t = 2 s,
velocity v = u + at = 0 + 0.24  2 = 0.48 m s1
Power = Fv = 8  0.48 = 3.84 W

11. (a)E = E0 + Pt
(b)
E

E0 + 5P

E0

0 t
5

The slope of the graph is P.

12. (a) Taken the upwards direction as positive.

Given u = 0, a = 0.5 m s2, t = 2 s
v = u + at = 0 + 0.5  2 = 1 m s1
1 2 1
at ×0. 5×22
s = ut + 2 =0+ 2 =1m
Energy provided
= gain in KE + gain in PE
by motor
1
m(v 2 −u2 )
Pt = 2 + mgh
1 2
×600×(1 −0 )
P2= 2 + 600  9.81  1
P = 3090 W
The average power output of the motor is 3090 W.
(b) Let F be the upward force acting on the lift due to the motor.
Net force acting on lift = F  mg = ma
 F = m(a + g)
= 600  (0.5 + 9.81)
= 6186 N
At t = 1.5 s,
velocity v = 0 + 0.5  1.5 = 0.75 m s1
Instantaneous power output
= Fv = 6186  0.75 = 4640 W