6 Work, Energy and Power

2 Force and Motion Chapter 6 Work, Energy and Power

Practice 6.1 (p. 213) (c) Net force acting on the pram = 0
1 C  Total work done = 0
2 B (d) Energy gained = total work done = 0
3 B
4 A Practice 6.2 (p.219)
Work done = Fs cos  1 B
= 1.2  0.5 cos (90  40) PE gained = mgh
= 0.386 J = 50  9.81  150
5 Take the direction to the right as positive. = 73 600 J
Net force acting on the block = 8  4 = 4 N 2 C
Total work done = work done by net force mPvP 2 = mTvT 2
= Fs
= 4  3 = 12 J =
6 The upward force F has the same magnitude
as the weight of bucket
=
W = Fs
500 = mgs 3 A
= 9  9.81s 4 B
s = 5.66 m 5 Energy stored
The distance travelled by the bucket is 5.66 m. = work done by average force
7 (a) Work done = PE gain by box = Fs = 12  0.08 = 0.96 J
= mgh 6 KE = mv2
= 10  9.81  0.8 = 78.5 J
(b) (i) Zero 5  104 = (80  106)v2
(ii) Yes
v = 3.54 m s1
8 Work done = Fs cos 
The speed of the fly is 3.54 m s1.
= 15  1.6 cos 50 = 15.4 J
7 Gain in KE = work done on the box
9 (a)
= Fs
= (20 cos 30  10)4
= 29.3 J
8 (a) PE = mgh
15 000 = 75  9.81h
h = 20.4 m
The cliff is 20.4 m high.
(b) PE = mgh
(b) Friction = 12 cos 40 = 9.19 N = 75  9.81  (4)

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 6 Work, Energy and Power

= 2940 J = 25 m
(c) Greatest change = 2940  15 000 3 B
= 17 900 J Gain in KE = loss in PE = mgs
(d) Remain unchanged 4 C
9 (a) PE = mgh = mgd  d Loss in PE = gain in internal energy
mgh = mcT

T =

= 0.234 C
T = 12 + 0.234  12.2 C
(b) PE = mgh 5 (a) Max gain in PE
= mg (ut + at )
2
= mgh
= 65  9.81  (5.06  0.9)
= mg( gt 2) = 2650 J
(b) Kinetic energy, gravitational potential
= mg2t 2  mt 2
energy, elastic potential energy (internal
energy of Isinbayeva, pole, air and mat)
6 (a) Gain in KE = loss in EPE
mv2 = 300

v= = = 20 m s1

The speed of the arrow is 20 m s1.

Practice 6.3 (p.232) (b) Gain in GPE = loss in EPE

mgh = 300
1 D
2 B h=
Work done against friction
=
= change in KE
fs = m (u2  v2) = 20.4 m
The maximum height is 20.4 m.
s= m (u2  v2) 7 Its speed will be lower than v. This is because
work is done against air resistance, so the
=  1500
energy of the stone decreases.
8 (a) Work done = gain in KE

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 6 Work, Energy and Power

= mv2 Also, the lane is inclined upwards, so part of

the kinetic energy of the vehicle will become
=  0.1  5 = 1.25 J
2
gravitational potential energy.
These two effects stop the vehicle using this
(b) (i) By s = (u + v)t, lane.

distance travelled
Practice 6.4 (p.239)
= (0 + 5)(5  103)
1 D
= 0.0125 m Since the block moves at constant speed,
(ii) Work done on puck = Fs = 1.25 J pulling force by motor = friction = F
P = Fv
 Average force = = 100
F=
N
9 (a) When the ball bearing falls from W to X, =
loss in PE = gain in KE
= 500 N
mgh = mv2
2 A
P = Fv
h=
v=
=
=
= 0.204 m
Height of W above oil = 0.1 + 0.204 = 0.0470 m s1

= 0.304 m 3 D

= 30.4 cm Let F be the force provided by the engine and f

(b) Loss in PE = gain in KE + work done be the resistive force.

against friction Since the car accelerates uniformly, the net

force acting on it is constant.
mgh = mv2 + fs
 F  f is constant
0.05  9.81(0.304 + 0.15)  F is constant

=  0.05(0.5)2 + f  0.15 By v2 = u2 + 2as,

v= =
f = 1.44 N P = Fv
The average resisting force is 1.44 N. =F
10 The sand and small stones provides large 
friction on the vehicle. Part of the kinetic 4 Average power of sports car
energy of the vehicle will become internal
=
energy by doing work against the friction.

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 6 Work, Energy and Power

=
=
= 1.96  107 W
(c) The water is still moving after passing
=
through the turbine, i.e. the water does
not transfer all its kinetic energy to the
= 104 000 W turbine.
Some energy of the water is converted
Average power of cheetah into the internal energy of the water,
turbine and pipe.
=

Revision 6
= Concept traps (p.242)
1 F
A force does no work if it is perpendicular to
= 9000 W
the displacement.
The sports car has a larger average power.
2 T
5 (a) Average Power output
3 F
=
Consider a car moving down an inclined road
at a constant velocity. Its PE decreases but its
=
KE remains unchanged.
= 4 F
Consider an object on the floor of a train
= 20 600 W (= 20.6 kW)
which accelerates forwards. The friction acting
(b) Work done by engine + loss in PE of
on the object points forwards. The work it
counter weight = gain in PE of lift cage
does becomes the KE of the object.
Pt + Mgh = mgh
P  20 + 500  9.81  60
Multiple-choice questions (p.242)
= 700  9.81  60
5 D
P = 5890 W (= 5.89 kW)
6 B
Average power output is 5.89 kW.
Gain in PE = mgh
6 (a) Loss in PE = mgh
= 50  9.81  0.005
= 4000  9.81  500
= 2.45 J
= 1.96  107 J
7 C
(b) Power output = Work done = Fs
= 20  2    0.3
= 37.7 J

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 6 Work, Energy and Power

8 C (3) By conservation of energy, the

9 C maximum potential energy of the bob on
Apply loss in PE = gain in KE. the other side is the same as that at X, i.e.
When the box is released from X, the bob will move to the same level as X.
mgh = mv2 (1) 12 A
(1) Loss in PE = gain in KE
When the box is released from Y,
mgh = mv2
mgH = m(2v) = 2mv
2 2
(2)
h= = = 0.815 m
(2)  (1),
=4 (2) mgh = mv2

H = 4h v=
10 B =
(1) Work done by Stephen = 2.49 m s1
= KE gained by ball (3) Since the track is smooth, no work is
= mv2 done against friction. Z is at the same
level as X, so the ball has the same KE
=  0.1  5 2
and speed at these two points.
13 A
= 1.25 J
Let f be the braking force.
(2) Gain in PE = loss in KE
Loss in KE = work done against braking force
mgh = mv2
mv2 = fs

h=
s =
 The maximum height reached is
independent of the mass of the ball.
(3) When the ball moves down the rail, the =
work done by its weight becomes its KE.
11 A
(1) Sum of KE + PE = initial PE
= mgh =

= 0.5  9.81  0.1

= 0.491 J =
(2) The speed of the bob at Y is independent
of the mass of the bob. =

14 C

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 6 Work, Energy and Power

Loss in KE = gain in PE + work done against F=

friction
KEi  KE = mgh + fs =

= mg  + fs = 1060 N 1A
The average force is 1060 N.
= s
24 (a)

KE = KEi  s

KE varies linearly with s, and its value is

maximum when s = 0.

PE = mgh = mg  s
(Each correct force) 2  1A
Also,
(b) (i) By v = u + 2as,
2 2
1M
gain in PE = loss in KE  work done against f
1.2 = 0 + 2a  0.8
2

< loss in KE
a = 0.9 m s2 1A
PE depends linearly on s, and its value is
The man’s acceleration is 0.9 m s2.
smaller than the loss in KE.
(ii) Work done on the box
15 A
= KE gain by the box
The displacement of R is 0.
16 (HKCEE 2007 Paper 2 Q31) = mv2 1M

17 (HKCEE 2008 Paper 2 Q28)

=  5  1.22 = 3.6 J 1A
18 (HKCEE 2009 Paper 2 Q6)
19 (HKDSE Practice Paper 2012 Paper 1A Q11) (iii) Friction f does the work. 1A
20 (HKDSE 2012 Paper 1A Q9)  fs = 3.6 1M
21 (HKDSE 2013 Paper 1A Q12) f= = = 4.5 N 1A
22 (HKDSE 2014 Paper 1A Q6)
25 (a) Loss in PE = gain in KE
Conventional questions (p.245) mgh = mv2 1M
23 (a) KE = mv 2
1M
9.81  (100  h) =  252

=  0.057  h = 68.1 m 1A
Position B is 68.1 m above sea level.
= 106 J 1A
(b) Loss in PE = gain in KE + work done
(b) Work done by the racket
against friction
= KE gained by the ball
Fs = 106 1M mgh = mv2 + fs 1M + 1M

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 6 Work, Energy and Power

300  9.81  (100  36) = gain in PE

=  300  252 + f  500 = mgh 1M
= 30  9.81  3 sin 20 = 302 J 1A
f = 189 N 1A (c) No, 1A
The average friction is 189 N. this is because part of the work done on
(c) Any three of the following: 3  1A the box becomes internal energy in doing
Gravitational potential energy, kinetic work against friction. 1A
energy, internal energy, sound energy (d) A smaller force is needed in pushing the
26 (a) (i) Initial KE = mv 2
1M box up the inclined plane. 1A
28 (a) The ball should be released from 1 m
=  1  42 = 8 J 1A above the ground. 1A

(ii) Loss in KE = gain in PE + work (b) (i) Let H be the height from which the

done against friction ball is released.

8 = mgh + fh 1M + 1M Loss in PE = work done against

friction
h=
mg(H  h) = mgH  10% 1M

= H  1 = 0.1H
H = 1.11 m 1A
= 0.540 m 1A The ball should be released from
The metal cylinder can reach a high 1.11 m above the ground.
of 0.540 m. (ii) It becomes the internal energy of
(b) mv = mgh + fs
2 the ball and the rail 1A
(c) No, 1A
 1  v2 = 1  9.81  3 + 5  3 this is because extra energy is given to
the ball when she pushes it. 1A
v = 9.43 m s1 1A
29 (a) (i) Distance travelled
The minimum speed is 9.43 m s1.
(c) Any two of the following: 2  1A = (u + v) t 1M
Use a heavier metal cylinder.
= (10 + 25) 2
Put the bell higher.
Increase the friction between the cylinder = 35 m 1A
and the board. (ii) Average power output
27 (a) Work done = Fs 1M
=
= (mg sin  + f ) s
= (30  9.81 sin 20 + 80) 3
= 1M
= 542 J 1A
(b) Total gain in KE and PE

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 6 Work, Energy and Power

= = mgh  mv2 1M

= 100  9.81  (39 000  1500) 

 100 
= 55 100 W (= 55.1 kW) 1A
(iii) No. 1A = 2.97  107 J 1A
Since F = ma + f, 31 (a) Acceleration = slope of graph
a and f being constant =
 F being constant 1A
By P = Fv, v varying and F being = 2.4 m s2 1M
constant  P varying 1A By F = ma, 1M
(b) Resultant force down the slope T  mg = ma
= mg sin  + f T = ma + mg
= 300  9.81 sin 5 + 1600 = 70  2.4 + 70  9.81
= 1856.5 N 1M = 855 N 1A
When the motorcycle travels uniformly The tension in the string is 855 N.
at the maximum speed, the forward force (b) Tension = mg
produced by the engine is 1856.5 N. = 70  9.8
By P = Fv, = 687 N 1M
Work done = Fs 1M
maximum speed =
= Fvt 1M
= = 687  1.2  (6  0.5)
= 4530 J 1A
= 48.5 m s1 1A
30 (a) (i) Take the downward direction as
positive. (c)
By v2 = u2 + 2as, 1M

= 0 + 2  9.81s

s = 7250 m 1A
The distance travelled is 7250 m.
(ii) It would be larger. 1A
Some of his PE becomes internal (P increase linearly from 00.5 s) 1A
energy when work is done against (Constant P from 0.56 s) 1A
air resistance. 1A (P decrease abruptly at 0.5 s) 1A
(b) Work done against air resistance The area under the graph is the work
= loss in PE  gain in KE done by the tension. 1A

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 6 Work, Energy and Power

32 (a) Net force acting on the block (Correct labelled axes) 1A

= F  mg sin   f (Correct graph) 1A
= 95  16  9.81 sin 30  12 33 (a) Loss in PE = mgh 1M
= 4.52 N 1M = 50  9.81  8
Acceleration of the block = 3920 J 1A
= = = 0.2825 m s2 1M (b) (i) Consider Fanny falling from the
bridge to point B.
By s = ut + at ,
2
1M Loss in PE = work done by average
force
9 =0+  0.2825t2 mgh = Fs 1M

t = 7.98 s 1A F =
The man takes 7.98 s to pull the block.
=
(b) Average power
= 1M
= 818 N 1A
= 1M The average force is 818 N.
(ii) The statement is incorrect. 1A
= = 107 W 1A
Since she bounces up from B, there
(c) v = u + 2as
2 2
must be a net upward force acting
= 0 + 2  0.2825  9 on her. 1A
= 5.085 1M (iii) Maximum energy stored
KE = mv2 = total loss in PE
= mgh
=  16  5.085 = 50  9.81 (12 + 8)
= 9810 J 1A
= 40.7 J 1A
(c) Her gravitational potential energy 1A
(d) KE = mv2 first changes into kinetic energy. 1A
Then both gravitational potential energy
= m(u + at)2
and kinetic energy change into elastic
potential energy. 1A
= ma2t2
(d) Internal energy (of Fanny, air and string)
1A
34 (HKCEE 2009 Paper 1 Q2)
35 (a) sin 1° or cos 89° = 0.017
≈ or 0.02 1A

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 6 Work, Energy and Power

Parallel component of W = W sin 1° 1A

(b) Will decelerate/slow down as it Physics in article (p.249)
approaches; 1A 41 (a) PE gained by load
and accelerate/speed up as it leaves = mgh 1M
station. 1A = 10  9.81  1
(c) Energy argument here (any two points) = 98.1 J 1A
2  1A (b) Work done by Johnny
flat track involves braking and loss of = PE gain by load
energy = 98.1 J 1A
climbing into station increases (c) The displacement of the applied force
gravitational PE =21=2m 1M
gravitational PE  KE as train leaves Fs = mgh 1M
station F=
36 (HKCEE 2011 Paper 1 Q11)
37 (HKDSE 2013 Paper 1B Q3) =

= 49.1 N 1A
Experiment questions (p.248)
(d) The PE gained by the load remains
38
unchanged. 1A
The work done by Johnny increases. 1A

1A
Set up the apparatus as shown. Start data-
logging.
Release the football from rest from a position
directly below the motion sensor. 1A
Record the displacement and velocity of the
football until the football hits the ground. 1A
Compare the loss in potential energy and the
gain in kinetic energy at the same instant. 1A
They are approximately equal if the law of
conservation of energy holds. 1A
39 (HKCEE 2010 Paper 1 Q2)
40 (HKDSE 2013 Paper 1B Q5)

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