2 Force and Motion Chapter 7 Momentum

Practice 7.1 (p.268) KE of C = m(2v)2 = 4E

1 C
Take the moving direction of the shell as 7 (a) No, it does not contradict the law of
positive. conservation of momentum. The
By conservation of momentum, momentum of the ball is not conserved
mC uC + mS uS = mC vC + mS vS because the earth exerts an external force
0 = 8000(0.08) + 5vS on it.
vS = 128 m s1 (b) The law of conservation of momentum
2 C can be applied to the system consisting
3 C of the ball and the earth.
The total momenta in the 4 options are all 8 Take the direction to the right as positive.
zero, which is the same as the initial total (a) By conservation of momentum,
momentum. 1(2) + mB (1) = 1(1) + mB (2)
However, the total KE in option C is greater mB = 0.333 kg
than the initial KE. This is impossible. (b) By conservation of momentum,
4 B 1(2) + mB (1) = 1(0.5) + mB (v)
Take the direction to the right as positive. v= (1)
By conservation of momentum,
mX uX + mY uY = mX vX + mY vY By conservation of energy,
mX (1.5) + mY (1.1) = mX (1.2) + mY (1.4) (1)22 + mB (1)2 = (1)0.52 +
0.3mX = 0.3mY
mB v2
=1 4 + mB = 0.25 + mB v2 (2)
Substitute (1) into (2),
5 B
Take the direction to the left as positive.
By conservation of momentum, 4 + mB = 0.25 + mB
mB uB + mP uP = mB vB + mP vP 4mB + mB2 = 0.25mB + 2.25 + 3mB + mB2
0.005(300) + 0 = 0.005(200) + 4vP mB = 3 kg
1
vP = 0.125 m s (c) By conservation of momentum,
6 Let m and v be the mass and velocity of A. 1(2) + mB (1) = 1(1.12) + mB (v)
Momentum of A = p = mv
v= (3)
KE of A = E = mv 2

Consider the energy of the balls,

(a) Momentum of B = (2m)v = 2p
[ (1)22 + mB (1)2]  90%
KE of B = (2m)v = 2E
2

= (1)1.122 + mB v2
(b) Momentum of C = m(2v) = 2p

New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition) 1

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2 Force and Motion Chapter 7 Momentum

3.6 + 0.9mB = 1.2544 + mB v2 (4) = m(0.29)2 + 0 = 0.0421m

Substitute (3) into (4),
3.6 + 0.9mB = 1.2544 + mB Total KE just after collision
=0+ m(0.285)2 = 0.0406m  KEi

The total momentum and total KE are

3.6mB + 0.9mB = 1.2544mB + 0.7744 +
2
conserved.
1.76mB + m B
2

0.1m  0.5856mB + 0.7744 = 0

B
2

mB = 2.02 kg or 3.84 kg
9 Speed of trolley after collision = = 0.2 m

s 1
By conservation of momentum,
mB uB + mT uT = (mB + mT)v
0.4uB + 0 = (0.4 + 200)0.2
uB = 100 m s1
The speed of the bullet is 100 m s1.
10 Take the east as positive.
By conservation of momentum,
(mB + mN)u = mB vB + mN vN
(2 + 50)2 = 2(10) + 50v
v = 1.68 m s1
Her velocity is 1.68 m s1 towards the east.
11 (a) t = 1.45 s
(b) Just before collision,
velocity of A = 0.29 m s1
velocity of B = 0
Just after collision,
velocity of A = 0
velocity of B = 0.285 m s1
(c) Let m be the mass of each trolley.
Total momentum just before collision pi
= m(0.29) + 0 = 0.29m
Total momentum just after collision
= 0 + m(0.285) = 0.285m  pi
Total KE just before collision KEi

2 New Senior Secondary Physics at Work (Second Edition)

 Oxford University Press 2015