1415937280 - 4B10 - Exercise - E - 複本

NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4B Full Solutions
10 More about Trigonometry sin

XZ
XY
33
Review Exercise 10 (p. 10.5)
7
1. AC 2 AB 2 BC 2 (Pyth. theorem) YZ
cos
XY
AB AC 2 BC 2 4
132 12 2 cm 7
5 cm XZ
BC tan
sin YZ
AC
33
12
4
13
AB AC
cos 4. cos
AC AB
5 4
13 5
BC 36.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
tan
AB
12 AC
5. sin
5 AB
4
10
2. QR 2 PQ 2 PR 2 (Pyth. theorem)
23.6 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
QR PQ 2 PR 2
12 2 16 2 cm AB
6. tan
20 cm AC
6
PR
sin 5
QR
16 cm
20 cm
AC
4 7. cos A
AB
5
y cm
cos 70
PQ 15 cm
cos
QR y 15 cos 70
12 cm 5.13 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
20 cm
3 AB
5 8. tan C
AC
PR 8 cm
tan tan 60
PQ x cm
16 cm 8
x
12 cm tan 60
4 4.62 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
3
AC
9. sin B
AB
3. XY 2 XZ 2 YZ 2 (Pyth. theorem)
9 cm
2 2 sin 65
XZ XY YZ z cm
72 4 2 cm 9
z
sin 65
33 cm
162
10 More about Trigonometry
1 sin sin sin

10. (a) sin 30 tan 45 1 (c) tan sin sin
2 tan cos sin
3 cos
2 sin 2
cos
cos
sin 2 cos 2
3 1
cos cos
sin 60 tan 30 2 3
(b) 1
cos 60 1 cos
2
1
cos
2 13. (a) cos
1 tan
cos(90 )
2 cos
1 tan
sin
cos
sin
2
1 3 cos
(c) cos 2 45 cos 30 tan 60 3
2 2 cos cos
0
1 3
3
2 2
8
3 (b) 1
3 tan tan 2
2
4 8
1
5 3 tan 2 tan 2 (90 )
4 8
1
1
tan 2
11. (a) cos 0.8 tan 2
36.87 (cor. to 2 d.p.) 1 8
7
(b) 3 sin 1
1 (c) sin 2 sin cos tan
sin
3
sin
19.47 (cor. to 2 d.p.) sin 2 (90 ) sin cos
cos
tan(32 ) 2.14 cos 2 sin 2

(c)
32 64.9538 1
32.95 (cor. to 2 d.p.)
14. (a) sin cos 65
sin sin(90 65 )
sin
cos 90 65
cos tan cos
12. (a) 25
sin sin
1
1
2 2 (b) tan
sin sin tan 20
(b)
1 sin 2 cos 2 tan tan(90 20 )
sin
2
90 20
cos 70
tan 2
(c) 2 cos(90 ) 3
3
cos(90 )
2
90 30
60
163
Activity 2.
Warm-Up Activity (p. 10.10)

OM PM
(a) cos 20 sin 20
OP OP
x1 y1
cos 20 sin 20
( 2) (2)
x1 (2) cos 20 y1 2 sin 20
∴ The coordinates of P after OP rotates 20 are
(2 cos 20 , 2 sin 20 ) .
x2 y2
(b) cos 70 sin 70
2 2
x2 2 cos 70 y2 2 sin 70
∴ The coordinates of P after OP rotates 70 are
(2 cos 70 , 2 sin 70 ) .
Activity 10.1 (p. 10.14)

1.
Quadrant in whichθlies
Quadran Quadran Quadran Quadran
t t t t
I II III IV
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0
y 0 y 0 y 0 y 0
r 0 r 0 r 0 r 0
Sign
of positive positive negative negative
sinθ
Sign
of positive negative negative positive
cosθ
Sign
of positive negative positive negative
tanθ
2. Quadrant I: sin , cos , tan

Quadrant II: sin
Quadrant III: tan
Quadrant IV: cos
Activity 10.2 (p. 10.23)

1. θ 0° 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180°
sin θ 0 0.5 0.87 1 0.87 0.5 0
θ 210° 240° 270° 300° 330° 360°

sin θ –0.5 –0.87 –1 –0.87 –0.5 0
164
3. 340° lies in quadrant IV.

θ increases from
90° to 180° to 270° to (c)
0° to 90°
180° 270° 360°
Sign of y positive positive negative negative
increase decrease decrease increase
Value of y from 0 to from 1 to from 0 to from –1 to
1 0 –1 0
4. (a) yes; 1 250° lies in quadrant III.
(b) yes; –1 Classwork (p. 10.10)

1. (a) (360 250 )
Activity 10.3 (p. 10.42)
4 3 4 110
1. sin , cos , tan
5 5 3
(b) 360 140
2. (a) (–3, 4) 220
(b) 180° – θ (c) 400 360

4 3 4 40
(c) sin AOQ , cos AOQ , tan AOQ
5 5 3
2. (a) II
3. sin (180° – θ) = sin θ
(b) I
cos (180° – θ) = –cos θ
tan (180° – θ) = –tan θ
(c) III
Maths Dialogue (d) IV
Maths Dialogue (p. 10.17) 3. 60 and 300 , 220 and 580

∵ 90 180
∴ lies in quadrant II. Classwork (p. 10.14)
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of and OP r. (a) sin 0 cos 0
y 24 0 1
∵ tan 1
x 7
∴ Let y 24 and x 7.
(b) sin 360 cos 90
r x2 y2
(0)(0)
( 7) 2 242 0
25
24 7 7 (c) tan 2 360 sin 2 90
∴ sin , cos
25 25 25 0 2 2
1
1
Classwork
Classwork (p. 10.9) sin 270

(d) tan 180
(a) cos180
1
0
1
1
Classwork (p. 10.15)

1.
170° lies in quadrant II. sign of sign of sign of
quadrant
sinθ cosθ tanθ
(b) (a) II positive negative negative
(b) IV negative positive negative
(c) III negative negative positive
(d) III negative negative positive
(e) I positive positive positive
165
2. (a) I or II Quick Practice 10.3 (p. 10.18)
(b) I or IV 15
∵ sin 0
17
(c) II or IV ∴ θ lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV.
∵ tan θ < 0
Classwork (p. 10.26) ∴ θ lies in quadrant II or quadrant IV.
1. (a) û (b) û
Based on the above results, θ should lie in quadrant IV.
2. (a) (i) û (ii) û Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r.
15
∵ sin
(b) (i) ü (ii) û 17
∴ Let y = –15 and r = 17.
(c) (i) û (ii) ü
x 17 2 ( 15) 2
Quick Practice 8
8 15 15
∴ cos , tan
Quick Practice 10.1 (p. 10.13) 17 8 8
(a) OP 52 122
169 Quick Practice 10.4 (p. 10.19)
9
13 ∵ tan 0
40
12
∴ sin ∴ θ lies in quadrant II or quadrant IV.
13
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r.
5 Case 1 : θ lies in quadrant II.
cos ∴ x < 0 and y > 0
13
∴ Let x = –40 and y = 9.
12
tan r x2 y2
5
( 40) 2 9 2
(b) OP ( 20) 2 ( 21) 2 41
9 40 40
841 ∴ sin , cos
41 41 41
29 Case 2 : θ lies in quadrant IV.
21 21 ∴ x > 0 and y < 0
∴ sin
29 29 ∴ Let x = 40 and y = –9.
20 20 r x2 y2
cos
29 29
402 ( 9) 2
21 21 41
tan
20 20 9 9 40
∴ sin , cos
41 41 41
Quick Practice 10.2 (p. 10.16) Combining cases 1 and 2,
∵ 180° < θ < 270° 9 40 9 40
sin , cos or sin , cos
∴ θ lies in quadrant III. 41 41 41 41
x 35 Quick Practice 10.5 (p. 10.30)
∵ cos From the graph, the maximum and the minimum values of the
r 37
∴ Let x = –35 and r = 37. x
function y cos are 1 and –1 respectively.
2
r x2 y2
37 ( 35) 2 y2
37 2 352 y2
y2 144
y 12 (rejected) or y 12
12 12 12 12
∴ sin , tan
37 37 35 35 ∵ The graph repeats itself every 720°.
x
∴ The period of the function y cos is 720°.
2
166
Quick Practice 10.6 (p. 10.31) ∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 45° and x = 315° for
(a) From the graph, the maximum and the minimum values of 0 x 360 .
y are 1 and –3 respectively. ∴ The solutions of cos x = 0.7 are x = 45° or 315° for
0 x 360 .
(b)
(b) Draw the straight line y = –1 on the graph of y = cos x.
∵ The graph repeats itself every 360°.

∴ y = 2 sin x – 1 is a periodic function with period 360°.
Quick Practice 10.7 (p. 10.32)

(a) ∵ 1 sin x 1 ∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 180° for
∴ The maximum value of y 1 ( 1) 0 x 360 .
2 ∴ The solution of cos x = –1 is x = 180° for
The minimum value of y 1 1 0 x 360 .
0
(c) Draw the straight line y = 1.2 on the graph of y = cos x.
(b) ∵ 1 cos x 1
∴ The maximum value of y 4 2(1)
6
The minimum value of y 4 2( 1)
2

(a) ∵ 1 sin x 1
∴ The maximum value of (3 sin x) 3 1 4
∵ The two graphs do not intersect for 0 x 360 .
The minimum value of (3 sin x) 3 ( 1) 2 ∴ There are no real solutions for cos x = 1.2.
2
∴ The maximum value of y
2 Quick Practice 10.10 (p. 10.38)
1 (a) 5 tan x 7 0
2 5 tan x 7
The minimum value of y tan x 1.4
4
1
(b) Draw the straight line y = 1.4 on the graph of y = tan x.
2
(b) ∵ 1 cos x 1
∴ The maximum value of y 1 2(0) 2
1
The minimum value of y 1 2(1) 2
1
Quick Practice 10.9 (p. 10.37) ∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 54° and x = 234° for
(a) Draw the straight line y = 0.7 on the graph of y = cos x.
0 x 360 .
∴ The solutions of 5 tan x – 7 = 0 are x = 54° or 234°
for 0 x 360 .

(a) cos 329 cos(360 31 )
cos 31
(b) tan 106 tan(180 74 )

tan 74
167

(c) sin 205 sin(180 25 ) L.H.S. 1 tan 2 (90 )
sin 25 2
1
1
tan
1
(a) cos150 cos(180 30 ) 1
tan 2
cos 30
cos 2
3 1
sin 2
2 2
sin cos 2
2
sin
(b) sin 210 sin(180 30 ) 1
sin 30 sin 2
1 tan(270 )
R.H.S.
2 cos(180 ) sin(360 )
1
(c) tan 510 tan(360 150 ) tan
tan 150 ( cos )(sin )
tan(180 30 ) cos 1
tan 30 sin sin cos
1
1 3
or sin 2
3 3
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
tan(270 )
Quick Practice 10.13 (p. 10.47) ∴ 1 tan 2 (90 )
cos(180 ) sin(360 )
(a) cos( ) tan(360 )
cos tan Quick Practice 10.16 (p. 10.54)
sin (a) ∵ sin θ > 0
cos
cos ∴ θ may lie in quadrant I or quadrant II.
sin 3
∵ sin
2
sin sin 60
(b) sin 2 (360 ) cos 2 (180 ) ∴ 60 or 180 60
2 2
( sin ) ( cos ) 60 or 120
sin 2 cos 2
1 (b) 2 tan 1
1
Quick Practice 10.14 (p. 10.50) tan
2
cos(90 ) sin( 270 )
(a) ∵ tan θ < 0
tan(90 )
∴ θ may lie in quadrant II or quadrant IV.
sin ( cos ) 1
1 ∵ tan
2
tan
tan tan 35.3
sin ( cos )( tan )
∴ 180 35.3 or 360 35.3
sin
sin cos 145 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.) or
cos
325 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
sin 2

(b) tan(90 ) tan(180 ) cos(270 ) sin(360 )
3 sin x sin x cos x
1
tan sin ( sin ) 2 sin x cos x
tan
sin x 1
1 sin 2
cos x 2
cos 2 1
tan x
2
tan x tan 26.6
∴ x 26.6 or 180 26.6
x 26.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 206.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
168
Quick Practice 10.18 (p. 10.55) Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r.
cos x sin 25 3
∵ sin
cos(90 25 ) 13
cos 65 ∴ Let y 3 and r 13 .
∴ x 180 65 or 180 65
x>0
x 115 or 245
x ( 13 ) 2 ( 3) 2
Quick Practice 10.19 (p. 10.56) 2
2 3 3
(a) 2 sin 2 x 5 sin x ∴ cos , tan
2 13 2 2
2 sin x 5 sin x 0
1 3 1
sin x(2 sin x 5) 0 ∴ tan
cos 2 2
5
sin x 0 or sin x (rejected) 13
2
∴ x 0 , 180 or 360 3 13
2 2
(b) 6 cos 2 x 1 cos x 3 13
2
6 cos 2 x cos x 1 0
(2 cos x 1)(3 cos x 1) 0
2 cos x 1 0 or 3 cos x 1 0 2. (a) ∵ 450 540
1 1 i.e. 360 90 360 180
cos xor cos x ∴ θ lies in quadrant II.
2 3
∴ a 0
1
When cos x ,
2 a 34 2 ( 16) 2
x 60 or 360 60 30
i.e. x 60 or 300
1 30 15
When cos x , (b) sin
3 34 17
x 180 70.5 or 180 70.5 16 8
i.e. x 109.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 250.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) cos
34 17
∴ x 60 , 109.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) ,
30 15
250.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 300 tan
16 8

Further Practice (p. 10.33)
2 cos 2 x sin x 1 1. (a) From the graph, the maximum value of y is 3 and
2(1 sin 2 x) sin x 1 the corresponding values of x are 270° and 630°.
2
The minimum value of y is –1 and the corresponding
2 2 sin x sin x 1
values of x are 90° and 450°.
2
2 sin x sin x 3 0
(2 sin x 3)(sin x 1) 0 (b)
2 sin x 3 0 or sin x 1 0
3
sin x (rejected) or sin x 1
2
When sin x 1 ,
x 90
Further Practice
Further Practice (p. 10.19) ∴ y = 1 – 2 sin x is a periodic function with period
3 360°.
1. ∵ sin 0
13 2. (a) ∵ 1 sin x 1
∴ θ lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV.
∴ The maximum value of y (1 1) 2
∵ tan θ < 0
4
∴ θ lies in quadrant II or quadrant IV.
Based on the above results, θ should lie in quadrant IV. The minimum value of y [1 ( 1)]2
0
169
(b) ∵ 1 sin x 1 sin 2 (90 )

2
3. L.H.S.
∴ The maximum value of (1 sin x) 1 1 2 sin(180 )
The minimum value of (1 sin 2 x) 1 0 1 cos 2
1 sin
∴ The maximum value of y R.H.S. tan( 90 ) cos( 360 )
1
1 tan[ (90 )] cos[ (360 )]
1 tan(90 ) cos(360 )
The minimum value of y
2 1
cos
tan
Further Practice (p. 10.51) cos
cos
1. (a) ∵ 180 270 sin
2
∴ θ lies in quadrant III. cos
∴ sin 0 sin
∵ sin 2 cos 2 1 ∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
sin 2 (90 )
∴ sin 1 cos 2 ∴ tan( 90 ) cos( 360 ) is an
sin(180 )
2
2 identity.
1
3
Further Practice (p. 10.57)
4 1. cos x sin( 54 )
1
9 sin 54
5 cos(90 54 )
9 cos 36
5 ∴ x 180 36 or 180 36
3 x 144 or 216
sin
tan 2. cos x sin x sin x 0
cos
sin x(cos x 1) 0
5
3 sin x 0 or cos x 1 0
2 sin x 0 or cos x 1
3 When sin x 0,
5 x 0 , 180 or 360
2 When cos x 1,
x 180
(b) tan(180 ) cos(270 ) ∴ x 0 , 180 or 360
( tan )( sin )
sin tan 3. tan 2 x 9
tan x 3 or tan x 3
5 5 When tan x 3,
3 2 x 71.6 or 180 71.6
5 i.e. x 71.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 251.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
6 When tan x 3,
x 180 71.6 or 360 71.6
sin(180 ) i.e. x 108.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 288.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
2. cos(270 ) tan
tan(180 ) ∴ x 71.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.), 108.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.),
sin 251.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 288.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
sin tan
tan
sin cos
sin sin 4. cos 2 x sin 2 x 3 sin x 1
cos sin
(1 sin 2 x) sin 2 x 3 sin x 1
sin 2
cos 2
2 sin x 3 sin 2 0
cos
sin 2 cos 2 (2 sin x 1)(sin x 2) 0
cos 2 sin x 1 0 or sin x 2 0
1 1
sin x or sin x 2 (rejected)
cos 2
∴ x 30 or 180 30
170
x 30 or 150 (e)
Exercise
Exercise 10A (p. 10.19)

Level 1
1. (a) 360 150
210
Yes, the angle of 464° lies in quadrant II.

(b) (360 90 )
270 (f)
(c) (360 155 )

205
2. (a)
Yes, the angle of –312° lies in quadrant I.
(g)
Yes, the angle of 78° lies in quadrant I.
(b)
No, the angle of –180° does not lie in any quadrant.
(h)
Yes, the angle of 320° lies in quadrant IV.
(c)
Yes, the angle of –432° lies in quadrant IV.
3. (a) ∵ tan 0
∴ lies in quadrant I or quadrant III.
(b) ∵ cos 0
∴ lies in quadrant II or quadrant III.
Yes, the angle of 235° lies in quadrant III. (c) ∵ cos 0.6 0
∴ lies in quadrant I or quadrant IV.
(d)
(d) ∵ sin 0.4 0
∴ lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV.
4.
Quadrant in
sin θ cos θ tan θ
which θ lies
No, the angle of 270° does not lie in any quadrant. (a) positive negative negative II
(b) negative positive negative IV
(c) positive positive positive I
(d) negative negative positive III
171
5. OP ( 4) 2 32 11. cos 2 270 sin 2 450

cos 2 270 sin 2 (360 90 )
25
2 2
5 0 1
3 1
∴ sin
5
4 4 cos 90
cos 12. sin 2 45
5 5 sin 270
2
3 3 0 1
tan 1 2
4 4
1
2
6. OP 12 ( 2) 2
5 13. Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r.
2 2 2 5 y 11
sin or ∵ tan
∴ x 60
5 5 5
∴ Let x = –60 and y = –11.
1 5 r x2 y2
cos or
5 5
( 60) 2 ( 11) 2
2 61
tan 2
1 11 11 60 60
∴ sin , cos
61 61 61 61
7. OP 62 82
100 14. Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r.
10 y 8
∵ sin
8 4 r 17
∴ sin ∴ Let y = –8 and r = 17.
10 5
6 3 x r2 y2
cos
10 5 17 2 ( 8) 2
8 4 15
tan
6 3 15 8 8
∴ cos , tan
17 15 15
8. OP ( 3) 2 ( 7 )2
15. ∵ 270 360
16 ∴ θ lies in quadrant IV.
4 Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r.
7 7 x 21
∴ sin ∵ cos
4 4 r 5
3 3 ∴ Let x 21 and r = 5.
cos
4 4 y r 2
x2
7 7 52 ( 21 ) 2
tan
3 3 2
∴ 2 2
sin ,
9. sin 180 cos 270 tan 360 5 5
0 0 0
2 2 2 21
0 tan or
21 21 21
10. cos180 tan 60 tan 180

16. ∵ 180 270
1 3 0
∴ θ lies in quadrant III.
3 1 Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r.
y 15
∵ sin
r 4
∴ Let y 15 and r = 4.
172
21. ∵ x = –12, r 13
x r2 y2
∴ y 132 ( 12) 2
42 ( 15 ) 2
5
1 5 5
∴ sin
1 1 15 13 13
∴ cos , tan 15
4 4 1
12 12
cos
13 13
17. When θ = 0°,
sin cos sin 0 cos 0 5 5
tan
0 1 12 12
1
When θ = 90°, 22. ∵ y 3, r 7
sin cos sin 90 cos 90
∴ x 72 ( 3) 2
1 0
1 2 10
∴ θ = 0° or 90° are possible solutions of 3 3
∴ sin
sin θ + cos θ = 1. 7 7
(or any other reasonable answers)
2 10
cos
18. (a) cos tan 0 7
cos 0 cos 0 3 3 3 10
or tan or
tan 0 tan 0 2 10 2 10 20
Alternative Solution
cos tan 0 23. (a) OP ( 4a ) 2 (3a ) 2
sin 5a
cos 0
cos
sin 0 (b) x 4a, y 3a, r 5a
∴ θ lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV. 3a 3
∴ sin
5a 5
(b) ∵ θ lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV.
∴ Two possible values of θ are 190° and 290°. 4a 4
cos
(or any other reasonable answers) 5a 5
3a 3
tan
Level 2 4a 4
19. (a) 270 55 ∴ The values of sin , cos and tan all remain
215 unchanged if a increases from 1 to 5.
(b) 360 215 24. (a) h OP 2 k2

575 1 k2
(c) (90 55 )
145 (b) x 1 k2 , y k, r 1
k
∴ sin k
20. ∵ x = –5, r 10 1
y 10 2 ( 5) 2 1 k2
∴ cos 1 k2
1
5 3
k k 1 k2
5 3 3 tan or
∴ sin 1 k2 1 k2
10 2
5 1
cos sin 270 cos 0 cos180
10 2 25.
cos 360
5 3 ( 1) (1) ( 1)
tan 3
5 1
1
173
sin 2 90 cos 2 90 5
31. ∵ sin 0
26. 34
3 sin 3 270 cos180
12 02 ∴ θ lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV.
3( 1)3 ( 1) ∵ tan θ > 0
∴ θ lies in quadrant I or quadrant III.
1
Based on the above results, θ should lie in quadrant III.
3 1 Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r.
1 y 5
2 ∵ sin
r 34
∴ Let y = –5 and r 34 .
2 2
27. (sin 270 cos180 )(sin 90 tan 360 ) 2 x ( 34 ) ( 5)
[( 1) ( 1)](1 0) 2 3
2 3 3 5 5
∴ cos , tan
34 34 3 3
3 5
∴ cos tan
28. (tan 45 sin 3 270 )3 sin 2 60 cos 2 45 34 3
2 2
3 1 9 5 34
[1 ( 1)3 ]3
2 2 3 34
5 34 9 170 9 34
3 1 or
23 3 34 102
4 2
1
8
2 15
32. ∵ cos 0
4 17
∴ θ lies in quadrant I or quadrant IV.
12 ∵ sin θ < 0
29. ∵ tan 0 ∴ θ lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV.
5
Based on the above results, θ should lie in quadrant IV.
∵ cos θ < 0
x 15
∴ θ lies in quadrant II or quadrant III. ∵ cos
Based on the above results, θ should lie in quadrant II. r 17
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r. ∴ Let x = 15 and r = 17.
y 12 y 17 2 15 2
∵ tan
x 5 8
∴ Let x = –5 and y = 12. 8 8 8 8
∴ sin , tan
r ( 5) 2 12 2 17 17 15 15
13 8 8
∴ sin 3 tan 3
12 5 5 17 15
∴ sin , cos
13 13 13 96
85
7
30. ∵ cos 0
25 2
33. ∵ tan 0
∴ θ lies in quadrant I or quadrant IV. 3
∵ tan θ > 0 ∴ θ lies in quadrant I or quadrant III.
∴ θ lies in quadrant I or quadrant III. ∵ tan sin 0
Based on the above results, θ should lie in quadrant I. ∴ sin 0
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r. ∴ θ lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV.
x 7 Based on the above results, θ should lie in quadrant III.
∵ cos
r 25 Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r.
∴ Let x = 7 and r = 25. y 2
∵ tan
y 25 2 7 2 x 3
∴ Let x = –3 and y = –2.
24
24 24 r ( 3) 2 ( 2) 2
∴ sin , tan
25 7 13
2 2 3 3
∴ sin , cos
13 13 13 13
174
2 3 6 6 6 85
∴ 13 sin cos 13 ∴ sin or ,
13 13 85 85 85
6 6 13 7 7 7 85
or cos or
13 13 85 85 85
Combining cases 1 and 2,
12 6 6 85 7 7 85
34. ∵ sin 0 sin or , cos or or
37 85 85 85 85
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r. 6 6 85 7 7 85
12 sin or , cos or
∵ sin 85 85 85 85
37
∴ Let y = –12 and r = 37.
Case 1 : θ lies in quadrant III. 36. Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r.
∴ x < 0 and y < 0 a2 1
∵ cos
x r2 y2 a2 1
∴ Let x a 2 1 and r a2 1 .
37 2 ( 12) 2
a2 1
35 Case 1 : 0 a 1, i.e. cos 0
a2 1
35 35 12 12
∴ cos , tan ∴ θ lies in quadrant II or quadrant III.
37 37 35 35
Case 2 : θ lies in quadrant IV. y r2 x2
∴ x > 0 and y < 0
(a 2 1) 2 (a 2 1) 2
2 2
x r y 2a
2
37 ( 12) 2 or y r2 x2
35
(a 2 1) 2 (a 2 1) 2
35 12 12
∴ cos , tan 2a
37 35 35
Combining cases 1 and 2, 2a 2a
∴ sin , tan or
35 12 35 12 a2 1 a2 1
cos , tan or cos , tan 2a 2a
37 35 37 35 sin , tan
a2 1 a2 1
a2 1
6 Case 2 : a 1, i.e. cos 0
35. ∵ tan 0 a2 1
7
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r. y r2 x2
Case 1 : θ lies in quadrant I.
(a 2 1) 2 (a 2 1) 2
∴ x > 0 and y > 0
∴ Let x = 7 and y = 6. 2a
r x 2
y 2 or y r2 x2
72 62 (a 2 1) 2 (a 2 1) 2
85 2a
2a 2a
6 6 85 ∴ sin , tan or
∴ sin or , a2 1 a2 1
85 85 2a 2a
sin , tan
7 7 85 a2 1 a2 1
cos or Combining cases 1 and 2,
85 85
2a 2a
Case 2 : θ lies in quadrant III. sin 2
, tan 2
or
a 1 a 1
∴ x < 0 and y < 0
∴ Let x = –7 and y = –6. 2a 2a
sin , tan
2 2 a2 1 a2 1
r x y
( 7) 2 ( 6) 2 Exercise 10B (p. 10.34)

85 Level 1
1. (a) y cos
(b) y sin and y cos
175
6. ∵ -1 £ sin x £ 1
(c) y sin ∴ The maximum value of y 2(1)
2
2. From the graph, the maximum and the minimum values of
y are 1 and -1 respectively. The minimum value of y 2( 1)
2
7. ∵ -1 £ cos x £ 1
∴ The maximum value of y 2 1
3
The minimum value of y 2 ( 1)
1
∴ The period of the function y = f(x) is 180°.
8. ∵ -1 £ cos x £ 1
3. From the graph, the maximum and the minimum values of ∴ The maximum value of y 4( 1)
y are 2 and -2 respectively. 4
The minimum value of y 4(1)
4
9. ∵ -1 £ sin x £ 1
∴ The maximum value of y 1 3( 1)
4
The minimum value of y 1 3(1)
∵ The graph repeats itself every 360°. 2
10. ∵ -1 £ cos x £ 1
4. From the graph, the function y = f(x) has neither maximum ∴ The maximum value of (cos x + 5) 1 5 6
nor minimum values. The minimum value of (cos x + 5) 1 5 4
2
4
1
2
2
6
1
3
∴ The period of the function y = f(x) is 60°. 11. ∵ -1 £ sin x £ 1
∴ The maximum value of (4 – 3sin x) 4 3( 1) 7
5. (a) 0 sin 1 for 0 90 The minimum value of (4 – 3sin x) 4 3(1) 1
∴ The maximum value of y 1 2
The minimum value of y 0 1
2
(b) 1 cos 1 for 0 180 2
∴ The maximum value of y 1 The minimum value of y
7
The minimum value of y 1
12. Consider y a sin x b , where a and b are constants and
(c) tan 0 for 270 360 a 0.
∴ The maximum value of y 0 ∵ -1 £ sin x £ 1
There is no minimum value of y. ∴ The maximum value of y = a(1) + b = 4
i.e. a+b=4 ……(1)
(d) tan 1 for 45 90 The minimum value of y = a(–1) + b = –2
∴ There is no maximum value of y. i.e. –a + b = –2 ……(2)
The minimum value of y 1 (1) + (2): 2b 2
b 1
176
(1) – (2): 2a 6 18. ∵ 0 £ sin2 x £ 1

a 3 ∴ The maximum value of (3 sin 2 x 2) 3(1) 2 2 5
∴ One possible function is y 3 sin x 1 . 2
The minimum value of (3 sin x 2) 3(0) 2
2 2
Similarly, y 3 cos x 1 is another possible function.
1
(or any other reasonable answers) ∴ The maximum value of y
2
Level 2 1
13. From the graph, the function y = f(x) has neither maximum The minimum value of y
5
nor minimum values.
19. ∵ 0 £ cos2 x £ 1
1
2 1
1
1
2 0
1
20. ∵ -1 £ sin x £ 1
14. From the graph, the maximum and the minimum values of
∴ The maximum value of y [1 2(1)]2
y are 1 and -3 respectively.
9
2
1
The minimum value of y 1 2
2
0
21. ∵ -1 £ cos x £ 1
When cos x 1 ,
cos x
∵ The graph repeats itself every 180°. y attains its maximum.
2 cos x
1
15. (a) From the graph, the maximum value of y is –1 and 2 1
the corresponding values of x are 90°, 210° and 330°. 1
The minimum value of y is –3 and the corresponding When cos x 1,
values of x are 30°, 150°, 270° and 390°. cos x
y attains its minimum.
(b) 2 cos x
1
∴ The minimum value of y
2 ( 1)
1
3
22. ∵ -1 £ sin x £ 1
When sin x 1,
∵ The graph repeats itself every 120°. 2 sin x
y attains its maximum.
∴ The period of the function y sin 3 x 2 is 2 sin x
2 ( 1)
120°. ∴ The maximum value of y
2 ( 1)
16. ∵ 0 £ cos2 x £ 1 3
∴ The maximum value of y 1 When sin x 1 ,
The minimum value of y 0 2 sin x
2 sin x
17. ∵ 0 £ sin2 x £ 1 2 1
∴ The minimum value of y
∴ The maximum value of y 1 2(0) 2 1
1 1
The minimum value of y 1 2(1) 3
1
177
Exercise 10C (p. 10.39) 2. (a) Draw the straight line y = -0.8 on the graph of
Level 1 y = cos x.
1. (a) Draw the straight line y = 0.6 on the graph of
y = sin x.
∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 36° and x = 144° ∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 144° and
for 0° £ x £ 360°. x = 216° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The solutions of sin x = 0.6 are x = 36° or 144° ∴ The solutions of cos x = -0.8 are x = 144° or
for 0° £ x £ 360°. 216° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
(b) Draw the straight line y = -0.8 on the graph of (b) Draw the straight line y = 1.5 on the graph of
y = sin x. y = cos x.
∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 234° and

x = 306° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The solutions of sin x = -0.8 are x = 234° or ∵ The two graphs do not intersect for
306° for 0° £ x £ 360°. 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ There are no real solutions for cos x = 1.5.
(c) Draw the straight line y = -0.5 on the graph of
y = sin x. (c) 5 cos x 1
cos x 0.2
Draw the straight line y = 0.2 on the graph of
y = cos x.

x = 330° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The solutions of sin x = -0.5 are x = 210° or
330° for 0° £ x £ 360°.

x = 282° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The solutions of 5cos x = 1 are x = 78° or 282°
for 0° £ x £ 360°.
178
3. (a) Draw the straight line y = 1 on the graph of y = tan x. ∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 126° and
x = 306° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The solutions of 2tan x = -3 are x = 126° or
306° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
4. (a) 1 5 sin 2 x 0
5 sin 2 x 1
sin 2 x 0.2
(b) Draw the straight line y = 0.2 on the graph of

y = sin 2x.

x = 225° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The solutions of tan x = 1 are x = 45° or 225° for
0° £ x £ 360°.
(b) Draw the straight line y = -3 on the graph of

∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 5°, x = 85°,
y = tan x.
x = 185° and x = 265° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The solutions of 1 – 5 sin 2x = 0 are x = 5°, 85°,
185° or 265° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
5. (a) (i) sin x 0.5

2 sin x 2 0.5
2 sin x 1.5
(ii) Draw the straight line y = 1.5 on the graph of
y = 2 + sin x.

x = 288° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The solutions of tan x = -3 are x = 108° or 288°
for 0° £ x £ 360°.
x = 330° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
(c) 2 tan x 3
∴ The solutions of sin x = -0.5 are x = 210°
tan x 1.5
or 330° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
Draw the straight line y = -1.5 on the graph of
y = tan x. (b) sin x 0
2 sin x 2
Draw the straight line y = 2 on the graph of
y = 2 + sin x.
∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 0°, x = 180° and

x = 360° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The solutions of sin x = 0 are x = 0°, 180° or
179
360° for 0° £ x £ 360°. (b) cos x 0.5

2 cos x 1
Level 2
2 2 cos x 3
6. (a) cos 2 x 1
2 cos 2 x 2 y = 2 + 2 cos x.
y = 2 cos 2x.

∵ The two graphs intersect at 3 points for x = 300° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
0° £ x £ 360°. ∴ The solutions of cos x = 0.5 are x = 60° or 300°
∴ The number of solutions of cos 2x = 1 for for 0° £ x £ 360°.
0° £ x £ 360° is 3.
8. (a) 4 sin x 2 cos x 3
(b) 10 cos 2 x 3 2 sin x cos x 1.5
2 cos 2 x 0.6 Draw the straight line y = 1.5 on the graph of
Draw the straight line y = 0.6 on the graph of y 2 sin x cos x .
y = 2 cos 2x.
∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 67.5° and

x = 166.5° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∵ The two graphs intersect at 4 points for ∴ The solutions of 4 sin x 2 cos x 3 are
0° £ x £ 360°. x = 67.5° or 166.5° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The number of solutions of 10 cos 2x = 3 for
(b) 6 sin x 1 3 cos x 2
0° £ x £ 360° is 4.
6 sin x 3 cos x 3
7. (a) 1 cos x 0 2 sin x cos x 1
2 2 cos x 0 Draw the straight line y = –1 on the graph of
Draw the straight line y = 0 on the graph of y 2 sin x cos x .
y = 2 + 2 cos x.

x = 360° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The solutions of 6 sin x 1 3 cos x 2 are
∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 180° for x = 0°, 234° or 360° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The solution of 1 + cos x = 0 is x = 180° for 9. (a) ∵ The graph of y = a – tan 2x passes through
0° £ x £ 360°. (0°, 1).
∴ 1 = a – tan 2(0°)
∴ a =1
180
(b) (i) 1 tan 2 x 0

tan 2 x 1
1 tan 2 x 2
y = a – tan 2x.

x = 312° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The solutions of 2k cos x + 1 = 2 sin x are
∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 67.5°, x = 102° or 312° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
x = 157.5°, x = 247.5° and x = 337.5° for
Exercise 10D (p. 10.51)
0° £ x £ 360°.
Level 1
∴ The solutions of 1 + tan 2x = 0 are
1. (a) sin 110° sin(180 70 )
x = 67.5°, 157.5°, 247.5° or 337.5° for
0° £ x £ 360°. sin 70
(ii) 2 tan 2 x 0
1 tan 2 x 1 0 (b) sin 230° sin(180 50 )
1 tan 2 x 1 sin 50
Draw the straight line y = -1 on the graph of
y = a – tan 2x. (c) sin 325° sin(360 35 )
sin 35
(d) sin 407° sin(360 47 )

sin 47
2. (a) cos (-105°) cos 105

cos(180 75 )
∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 31.5°, cos 75
x = 121.5°, x = 211.5° and x = 301.5° for
0° £ x £ 360°.
(b) cos 255° cos(180 75 )
∴ The solutions of 2 - tan 2x = 0 are
cos 75
x = 31.5°, 121.5°, 211.5° or 301.5° for
0° £ x £ 360°.
(c) cos 285° cos(360 75 )
10. (a) The graph of y = sin x – k cos x passes through cos 75
(0°, 2).
∴ 2 sin 0 k cos 0
(d) cos 483° cos(360 123 )
2 0 k (1)
cos 123
∴ k 2
cos(180 57 )
cos 57
(b) 2k cos x 1 2 sin x
1 2 sin x 2k cos x
3. (a) tan 120° tan(180 60 )
1 2(sin x k cos x)
tan 60
1
sin x k cos x
2
(b) tan 290° tan(360 70 )
1
Draw the straight line y = on the graph of tan 70
2
y = sin x – k cos x.
(c) tan (-108°) tan 108
tan(180 72 )
( tan 72 )
tan 72
181
(d) tan 520° tan(360 160 ) cos(180 )

9.
tan 160 tan(90 )
tan(180 20 ) cos
tan 20 1
tan
cos tan
4. (a) cos 120° cos(180 60 )
cos 60 sin
cos
cos
1
sin
2
2
(b) tan 135° tan(180 45 ) 10. 1 cos (270 )
2
tan 45 1 sin
1 cos 2
(c) sin 450° sin(360 90 ) 11. 1 cos( ) sin( 270 )

sin 90 1 cos ( cos )
1 1 cos 2
sin 2
5. (a) cos(-390°) cos 390
cos(360 30 )
12. sin 2 (90 ) sin 2 (180 )
cos 30 2 2
cos ( sin )
3
cos 2 sin 2
2
1
(b) tan 480° tan(360 120 ) 13. L.H.S. cos160

tan 120 cos(90 70 )
tan(180 60 ) sin 70
tan 60 R.H.S. sin 70
3 ∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ cos160 sin 70
(c) sin(-45°) sin 45

14. L.H.S. sin 310
1 2 sin( 270 40 )
or
2 2 cos 40
R.H.S. cos 40
6. sin( )cos(90 ) ∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
∴ sin 310 cos 40
( sin ) ( sin )
sin 2 15. L.H.S. tan 235 tan 35
tan(270 35 ) tan 35
7. tan(360 ) tan(270 ) 1
tan 35
1 tan 35
tan
tan 1
1 R.H.S. 1
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
cos(180 ) ∴ tan 235 tan 35 1
8.
cos(360 )
16. Let .
cos
sin sin sin( ) sin
cos
1 sin sin
0
Let 360 .
sin sin sin(360 ) sin
sin sin
0
∴ or 360 (or any other reasonable
182
answers) 21. tan 2 330 sin 2 ( 100 ) cos 2 460

Level 2 [ tan(360 30 )]2 ( sin 100 ) 2
2
17. tan 300 sin 240 [cos(360 100 )]
tan(360 60 ) sin(180 60 ) ( tan 30 ) 2
sin 2 100 cos 2 100
tan 60 ( sin 60 ) 2
1
tan 60 sin 60 (sin 2 100 cos 2 100 )
3
3
3 1
2 1
3
3 2
2 3
cos 405 tan 225

18. 22. ∵ sin 2 275 0 and cos 2 95 0,
sin( 30 )
but cos 270 0
cos(360 45 ) tan(180 45 ) cos 2 270 tan 2 120
sin 30 ∴ 0
sin 2 275 cos 2 95
(cos 45 )(tan 45 )
sin 30 sin(360 )
23.
2 cos120 tan(180 )
(1)
2 sin
1 cos(180 60 ) tan
2 sin cos
2 cos 60 sin
cos
19. sin 135 cos 315 cos 210 tan 135 1
sin(180 45 )cos(360 45 ) 2
cos(180 30 )tan(180 45 ) 2 cos
sin 45 cos 45 ( cos 30 )( tan 45 )
sin 45 cos 45 cos 30 tan 45 24. cos 390 cos 2 (360 ) tan( 60 ) sin 2 (270 )
2
1 1 3 cos(360 30 ) cos ( tan 60 )( cos ) 2
(1)
2 2 2 cos 30 cos 2 tan 60 cos 2
cos 2 (cos 30 tan 60 )
1 3
2 2 3
cos 2 3
1 3 2
2 3 3
cos 2
2
sin 210 cos 300
20.
tan 315 sin 270 cos(360 ) tan(180 )
sin(180 30 )cos(360 60 ) 25.
sin(180 )
tan(360 45 ) sin 270
cos ( tan )
sin 30 cos 60
sin
tan 45 sin 270 sin
1 1 cos
cos
2 2 sin
1 ( 1) sin
1 sin
8 1
26. tan 2 (360 ) sin 2 (90 ) sin(180 )

2 2
tan cos sin
sin 2
cos 2 sin
cos 2
sin 3
183
1 31. L.H.S. sin( 270 ) cos 2 (270 ) cos(180 )

27. tan 2 ( )
sin(90 ) cos(360 ) sin( 2
90 ) cos (270 ) cos(180 )
1 cos ( sin ) 2 ( cos )
( tan ) 2
cos cos
cos sin 2 cos
1 sin 2
cos 2
cos 2 cos (1 sin 2 )
1 sin 2 cos (cos 2 )
cos 2 cos 3
cos 2 R.H.S. cos 3
cos 2 ∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
1 ∴ sin( 270 ) cos 2 (270 ) cos(180 ) cos 3 is
an identity.
sin(180 )
28. sin (270 ) tan ( ) tan(270 )
tan(90 ) 32. ∵ 180 (Ð sum of △)
sin 1 sin sin sin( )sin( )
( cos )( tan ) ∴
1 tan cos sin cos( )sin( )
tan sin sin sin(180 ) sin(180 )
sin cos sin cos(180 ) sin(180 )
sin cos
cos sin sin sin sin
sin 2 cos sin ( cos ) sin
cos
cos 2 sin sin
sin 2 cos 2 2 cos sin
cos cos tan
1
cos Exercise 10E (p. 10.58)
Level 1
cos(90 ) cos( ) tan(270 ) 1. ∵ sin x = 0.56
29.
sin(180 ) sin(360 ) tan(90 ) sin x sin 34.1
1 ∴ x 34.1 or 180 34.1
sin cos tan x 34.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
sin sin 1
145.9 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
tan
1
1 1 2. ∵ cos x = -0.84
tan
1 cos x cos 32.9
tan ∴ x 180 32.9 or 180 32.9
x 147.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
30. L.H.S. sin(90 ) cos(180 ) 212.9 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
cos ( cos )
cos 2 3. ∵ tan x = 4
R.H.S. sin( ) tan(180 ) sin( 270 ) 1 tan x tan 76.0
sin tan ( cos ) 1 ∴ x 76.0 or 180 76.0
sin x 76.0 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
sin cos 1
cos 256.0 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
sin 2 1
(1 sin 2 ) 4. ∵ 3sin x 2
cos 2 2
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S. sin x
3
∴ sin(90 ) cos(180 ) sin x sin 41.8
sin( ) tan(180 ) sin( 270 ) 1 is an identity. ∴ x 180 41.8 or 360 41.8
x 221.8 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
318.2 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
5. ∵ 4 cos x = 1
1
cos x =
4
184
cos x cos 75.5 12. cos x sin 11

∴ x 75.5 or 360 75.5 cos(90 11 )
x 75.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or cos 79
∴ x 180 79 or 180 79
284.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
x 101 or 259
tan x
6. ∵ 1 1
2 13. tan x
tan x = –2 tan 72
tan x tan 63.4 tan(90 72 )
∴ x 180 63.4 or 360 63.4 tan 18
∴ x 180 18 or 360 18
x 116.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
x 162 or 342
296.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
14. cos x sin ( 24 )
7. ∵ 4 sin x + 1 = 0 sin 24
1 cos(90 24 )
sin x =
4 cos 66
sin x sin 14.5 ∴ x 180 66 or 180 66
∴ x 180 14.5 or 360 14.5 x 114 or 246
x 194.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
345.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) cos 35
15. tan x
sin 35
1
8. ∵ 2 3 cos x 0
tan 35
3 cos x 2 tan(90 35 )
2 tan 55
cos x
3 ∴ x 55 or 180 55
cos x cos 61.9 x 55 or 235
∴ x 61.9 or 360 61.9
x 61.9 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or Level 2
298.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.) 16. 3 tan( x 30 ) 2
2
tan( x 30 )
9. ∵ 1 3 tan x 3 3
tan( x 30 ) tan 49.1
3 tan x 2
∴ x 30 49.1 or 180 49.1
2
tan x x 19.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
3
199.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
tan x tan 49.1
∴ x 49.1 or 180 49.1
x 49.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 17. 3 cos( x 45 ) 1
1
229.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.) cos( x 45 )
3
cos( x 45 ) cos 70.5
10. ∵ 7 sin x 2 sin x 1 ∴ x 45 180 70.5 or 180 70.5
6 sin x 3 x 154.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
1
sin x 295.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
2
sin x sin 30
x 30 or 180 30 2 4 sin x
∴ 18. 1
5
x 30 or 150
2 4 sin x 5
4 sin x 3
11. sin x cos 71
3
sin (90 71 ) sin x
4
sin 19
sin x sin 48.6
∴ x 19 or 180 19
x 19 or 161
185
∴ x 180 48.6 or 360 48.6 ∴ x 18.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.), 90 ,

x 228.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 198.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 270
311.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
24. 2 sin 2 x sin x 0
19. 5( tan x 1) tan x
sin x( 2 sin x 1) 0
5 tan x 5 tan x
sin x 0 or 2 sin x 1 0
4 tan x 5
1
5 sin x 0 or sin x
tan x 2
4
tan x tan 51.3 When sin x 0 ,
∴ x 180 51.3 or 360 51.3 x 0 , 180 or 360
x 128.7 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 1
When sin x ,
308.7 (cor. to 1 d.p.) 2
x 45 or 180 45
i.e. x 45 or 135
20. sin x 4 cos x
∴ x 0 , 45 , 135 , 180 or 360
sin x
4
cos x
tan x 4 25. sin x tan x 3 tan x 0
tan x tan 76.0 tan x(sin x 3) 0
∴ x 76.0 or 180 76.0 tan x 0 or sin x 3 0
x 76.0 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or tan x 0 or sin x 3 (rejected)
256.0 (cor. to 1 d.p.) ∴ x 0 , 180 or 360
21. 4 cos x 3 sin x 0 26. 2 sin 2 x 5 sin x 3 0

3 sin x 4 cos x (2 sin x 1)(sin x 3) 0
sin x 4 2 sin x 1 0 or sin x 3 0
cos x 3 1
sin x or sin x 3 (rejected)
4 2
tan x
3 ∴ x 180 30 or 360 30
tan x tan 53.1 x 210 or 330
∴ x 180 53.1 or 360 53.1
x 126.9 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
27. 2 cos 2 x cos x 1 0
306.9 (cor. to 1 d.p.) (2 cos x 1)(cos x 1) 0
2 cos x 1 0 or cos x 1 0
22. 2 sin x 3 cos x cos x 3 2 sin x 1
cos x or cos x 1
2 2 sin x 4 cos x 2
1
2 When cos x ,
tan x 2
2
x 180 60 or 180 60
tan x tan 54.7
i.e. x 120 or 240
∴ x 180 54.7 or 360 54.7
x 125.3 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or When cos x 1 ,
x 0 or 360
305.3 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
∴ x 0 , 120 , 240 or 360
23. (cos x) (3 tan x 1) 0

tan 2 x 1
cos x 0 or 3 tan x 1 0 28. 2
5 tan 2 x 1
1
cos x 0 or tan x tan 2 x 1 10 tan 2 x 2
3
When cos x 0, 9 tan 2 x 3
x 90 or 270 1
tan 2 x
1 3
When tan x , 1 1
3 tan x or tan x
x 18.4 or 180 18.4 3 3
i.e. x 18.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 198.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
186
1 When sin x 1,
When tan x ,
3 x 270
x 30 or 180 30 ∴ x 41.8 (cor. to 1 d.p.), 138.2 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
i.e. x 30 or 210 270
1
When tan x ,
3 2 cos 2 (90 x) 1
33. (a) L.H.S.
x 180 30 or 360 30 cos (90 x) cos x
i.e. x 150 or 330 2 sin 2 x 1
∴ x 30 , 150 , 210 or 330 sin x cos x
2 sin 2 x (sin 2 x cos 2 x)
29. cos 2 x 2 sin x 2 sin x cos x
1 sin 2 x 2 sin x 2 sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin x cos x
sin 2 x 2 sin x 1 0
(sin x cos x)(sin x cos x)
(sin x 1) 2 0
sin x cos x
sin x 1 0
sin x cos x
sin x 1
R.H.S. sin x cos x
∴ x 270
∵ L.H.S. R.H.S.
2 cos 2 (90 x) 1
2 sin 2 x 3 cos x 3 0
∴ sin x cos x
30. cos (90 x) cos x
2
2(1 cos x) 3 cos x 3 0
2 2 cos 2 x 3 cos x 3 0 2 cos 2 (90 x) 1
(b) 5 sin x
2 cos 2 x 3 cos x 1 0 cos (90 x) cos x
(2 cos x 1)(cos x 1) 0 sin x cos x 5 sin x (by (a))
2 cos x 1 0 or cos x 1 0 6 sin x cos x
1 sin x 1
cos x or cos x 1
2 cos x 6
1 1
When cos x , tan x
2 6
x 60 or 360 60 tan x tan 9.5
i.e. x 60 or 300 ∴ x 180 9.5 or 360 9.5
x 170.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
When cos x = 1,
x 0 or 360 350.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
∴ x 0 , 60 , 300 or 360
31. sin 2 x 1 cos 2 x 34. (a) L.H.S. tan(180 x) tan(270 x)

1 cos 2 x 1 cos 2 x 1
tan x
2
2 cos x 0 tan x
cos x 0 1
tan x
∴ x 90 or 270 tan x
tan 2 x 1
tan x
32. 2 cos 2 x sin 2 x sin x
tan 2 x 1
2(1 sin x) sin x2 2
sin x R.H.S.
tan x
2 2 sin 2 x sin 2 x sin x ∵ L.H.S. R.H.S.
2
3 sin x sin x 2 0 tan 2 x 1
∴ tan(180 x) tan(270 x)
(3 sin x 2)(sin x 1) 0 tan x
2
sin x or sin x 1
3
2
When sin x ,
3
x 41.8 or 180 41.8
187
(b) tan(180 x) tan(270 x) 4 When sin x 0 ,

2
tan x 1 x 0 or 180
4 (by (a))
tan x 3
When cos x ,
tan 2 x 1 4 tan x 2
tan 2 x 4 tan x 1 0 x 30 or 360 30
i.e. x 30 or 330
( 4) ( 4) 2 4(1)(1) ∴ x 0 , 30 , 180 or 330
tan x
2(1)
2 3 or 2 3 37. 6 sin 2 x sin x cos x 2 cos 2 x 0
When tan x 2 3, (2 sin x cos x)(3 sin x 2 cos x) 0
x 75 or 180 75 2 sin x cos x 0 or 3 sin x 2 cos x 0
i.e. x 75 or 255 2 sin x cos x or 3 sin x 2 cos x
When tan x 2 3, 1 2
tan x or tan x
x 15 or 180 15 2 3
i.e. x 15 or 195 1
When tan x ,
∴ x 15 , 75 , 195 or 255 2
x 180 26.6 or 360 26.6
1 cos x i.e. x 153.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
35. (a) tan x
2 sin x 333.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
sin x 1 cos x 2
When tan x ,
cos x 2 sin x 3
2 sin 2 x cos x cos 2 x x 33.7 or 180 33.7
2(1 cos 2 x) cos x cos 2 x i.e. x 33.7 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
2 2 cos 2 x cos x cos 2 x 213.7 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
∴ 3 cos 2 x cos x 2 0 ∴ x 33.7 (cor. to 1 d.p.), 153.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.) ,
213.7 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 333.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
1 cos x
(b) tan x
2 sin x
38. (a) R.H.S. 1 tan 2 x
3 cos 2 x cos x 2 0 (by (a))
sin 2 x
(3 cos x 2)(cos x 1) 0 1
cos 2 x
3 cos x 2 0 or cos x 1 0
cos 2 x sin 2 x
2
cos x or cos x 1 cos 2 x cos 2 x
3
sin 2 x cos 2 x
2
When cos x , cos 2 x
3
1
x 48.2 or 360 48.2
cos 2 x
i.e. x 48.2 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
1
311.8 (cor. to 1 d.p.) L.H.S.
cos 2 x
When cos x = -1, ∵ L.H.S. R.H.S.
1 cos x 1
x = 180° (rejected) (∵ sin 180° = 0 and is ∴ 1 tan 2 x
2 sin x cos 2 x
thus undefined.)
∴ x 48.2 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or (b) 2 sin x cos x 1
311.8 (cor. to 1 d.p.) 2 sin x cos x 1
2
cos x cos 2 x
36. 3 tan x 2 sin x 2 tan x 1 tan 2 x (by (a))
2
3 sin x tan x 2 tan x 1 0
2 sin x 0
cos x (tan x 1) 2 0
3 sin x 2 sin x cos x 0 tan x 1
∴ x 45 or 180 45
sin x( 3 2 cos x) 0
x 45 or 225
sin x 0 or 3 2 cos x 0
3
sin x 0 or cos x
2
188
Check Yourself (p. 10.64) (b) 1 sin(180 ) cos(270 )

1. (a) û (b) û 1 (sin )(sin )
(c) û (d) ü
1 sin 2
2. OP ( 7 )2 ( 3) 2 cos 2
16
sin(180 ) tan(90 )
4 (c)
cos(180 )
3 3
∴ sin 1
4 4 ( sin )
tan
7 cos
cos
4 cos
sin
sin
3 3 3 7 cos
tan or
7 7 7 cos
cos
3. maximum minimum 1
value value
f(x) = 3sin2x + 1 4 –2 1
g(x) = 2sin2x 2 0 6. (a) ∵ sin x
2
sin x sin 45
4. (a)
∴ x 180 45 or 360 45
x 225 or 315
(b) (sin x 2)(2 cos x 1) 0

sin x 2 0 or 2 cos x 1 0
1
∵ The graph repeats itself every 180°. sin x 2 (rejected) or cos x
2
∴ y sin 2 x is a periodic function with period
∴ x 180 60 or 180 60
180°.
x 120 or 240
(b) (i) 5 sin 2 x 3 0
5 sin 2 x 3 7. ∵ cos 0
sin 2 x 0.6 ∴ lies in quadrant II or quadrant III.
(ii) Draw the straight line y = 0.6 on the graph of 3 tan 1 0
y sin 2 x .
3 tan 1
1
tan
3
tan tan 30
∴ x 30 (rejected) or 180 30
x 210
∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 18°, x = 72°,

Revision Exercise 10 (p. 10.65)
x = 198° and x = 252° for 0 x 360 .
Level 1
∴ The solutions of 5 sin 2 x 3 0 are
1. (a) ∵ cos x 0.4 0
x = 18°, 72°, 198° or 252° for
0 x 360 .
5. (a) sin 270 cos( ) tan( 45 ) sin(270 ) (b) ∵ tan x 2 0

( 1)(cos ) ( tan 45 )( cos ) ∴ θ lies in quadrant II or quadrant IV.
cos ( 1)( cos ) (c) ∵ sin 0
cos cos ∴ θ lies in quadrant III or quadrant IV.
0 ∵ tan θ < 0
Based on the above results, θ should lie in quadrant
IV.
(d) ∵ sin 0
189
∴ θ lies in quadrant I or quadrant II. (b) sin 90 cos180 tan 60

∵ cos θ < 0 (1)( 1)( 3 )
∴ θ lies in quadrant II or quadrant III.
Based on the above results, θ should lie in quadrant 3
II.
cos 360
(e) sin tan 0 (c)
tan 0 sin 270
sin 0 sin 0
or 1
tan 0 tan 0
0 ( 1)
∴ q lies in quadrant II or quadrant III.
1
cos
(f) 0
tan sin 360
(d) sin 2 270
cos 0 cos 0 tan 45
or
tan 0 tan 0 0
( 1) 2
∴ q lies in quadrant I or quadrant II. 1
1
2. OP 132 ( 84) 2
6. Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of q and OP = r.
7225 y 15
∵ sin
85 r 17
84 84 ∴ Let y = -15 and r = 17.
∴ sin
85 85 x 17 2 ( 15) 2
13 8
cos
85 8 8 15 15
∴ cos , tan
84 84 17 17 8 8
tan
13 13
7. ∵ 270 360
∴ lies in quadrant IV.
3. OP ( 3) 2 ( 14 ) 2
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of q and OP = r.
23 y 1
∵ tan
14 14 322 x 4
∴ sin or ∴ Let x = 4 and y = -1.
23 23 23
r x2 y2
3 3 3 23
cos or 4 2 ( 1) 2
23 23 23
17
14 14
tan 1 1 17
3 3 ∴ sin or ,
17 17 17
4. ∵ y = 2, r = 5 4 4 17
cos or
∴ x r2 y2 17 17
a 52 22
1
21 8. ∵ cos 0
10
2
∴ sin ∴ lies in quadrant II or quadrant III.
5
∵ 0 180
21 21 ∴ lies in quadrant I or quadrant II.
cos
5 5 Based on the above results, q should lie in quadrant II.
2 2 2 21
tan or 1
21 21 21 ∵ cos
10
∴ Let x = -1 and r 10 .
5. (a) cos 270 tan 180
0 0
0
190
y r2 x2 1
∴ The maximum value of y 3
2
( 10 ) 2 ( 1) 2 7
3 2
3 3 10 3 1
∴ sin or , tan 3 The minimum value of y 3
10 10 1 2
5
9. (a) (i) From the graph, the maximum and the minimum 2
values of the function are 0.7 and -0.7
respectively.
(ii) (c) ∵ 1 cos x 1
1
6 1
1
5
1
6 1
∴ The period of the function is 180°. 7
(b) (i) From the graph, the maximum and the minimum
values of the function are 3 and -1 respectively. (d) ∵ 0 sin 2 x 1
(ii) ∴ The maximum value of y 5(1)
5
0
(e) ∵ 1 cos( x 30 ) 1
∵ The graph repeats itself every 720°. ∴ The maximum value of y 2(1)
∴ The period of the function is 720°. 2
10. (a) The minimum value of y 2( 1)

2
(f) ∵ 1 sin 2 x 1
∴ The maximum value of y 3( 1)
3
3

12. (a) Draw the straight line y = -0.4 on the graph of
∴ The function is a periodic function with period
y = sin x.
360°.
x
(b) ∵ For 0 x 180 , y 3 tan decreases as
2
x increases.
∴ If 0 a b 180 , f(a) must be larger than
f(b).
∴ The claim is disagreed.
11. (a) ∵ 1 sin x 1

∴ The maximum value of y 2( 1)
2 ∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 200° and
The minimum value of y 2(1) x = 340° for 0 x 360 .
∴ The solutions of sin x = -0.4 are x = 200° or
2
340° for 0 x 360 .
(b) ∵ 1 cos x 1
191
(b) 4 sin x 3
sin x 0.75
y = sin x.

x = 207° for 0 x 360 .
∴ The solutions of cos x = 2 sin x are x = 27° or
207° for 0 x 360 .
x = 130° for 0 x 360 . (b) 2 sin x cos x 1
∴ The solutions of 4sin x = 3 are x = 50° or 130° cos x 2 sin x 1
for 0 x 360 . Draw the straight line y = 1 on the graph of
y = cos x - 2 sin x.
13. (a) Draw the straight line y = –1.3 on the graph of
y = tan x.

∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 126° and x = 360° for 0 x 360 .
x = 306° for 0 x 360 . ∴ The solutions of 2 sin x = cos x - 1 are x = 0°,
∴ The solutions of tan x = –1.3 are x = 126° or 234° or 360° for 0 x 360 .
306° for 0 x 360 .
15. (a)
(b) 2 tan x 3 0
tan x 1.5
y = tan x.
Draw the straight line y = k on the graph of

y = cos 2x.
∵ If the two graphs do not intersect for
0 x 360 , then cos 2x = k has no real
solutions.
∴ Possible values of k are 1.5 or 2. (or any other
∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 54° and x = 234°
reasonable answers)
for 0 x 360 .
∴ The solutions of 2 tan x - 3 = 0 are x = 54° or
234° for 0 x 360 .
14. (a) cos x 2 sin x

cos x 2 sin x 0
y = cos x - 2 sin x.
192
(b) (d) cos( 420 ) cos 420

cos(360 60 )
cos 60
1
2
18. (a) sin 120 sin 240

sin(180 60 ) sin(180 60 )
sin 60 ( sin 60 )
Draw the straight line y = k on the graph of
y = cos 2x. 2 sin 60
If the two graphs intersect at 4 distinct points, then 3
cos 2x = k has 4 real solutions. 2
From the graph, we see that possible values of k are 2
0.5 or –0.5. (or any other reasonable answers) 3
16. (a) sin 108 sin(180 72 )

sin 72 (b) sin 300 cos 150
sin(360 60 ) cos(180 30 )
(b) sin( 36 ) sin 36 sin 60 ( cos 30 )
3 3
(c) cos 240 cos(180 60 ) 2 2
cos 60 3
(d) cos( 144 ) cos 144 (c) tan 150 cos( 210 )
cos(180 36 ) tan(180 30 ) cos 210
cos 36 tan 30 cos(180 30 )
( tan 30 )( cos 30 )
(e) tan 335 tan(360 25 )
1 3
tan 25
3 2
(f) tan 555 tan(360 195 ) 1

2
tan 195
tan(180 15 )
(d) cos 135 tan 315
tan 15
cos(180 45 ) tan(360 45 )
17. (a) sin 315 cos 45 ( tan 45 )
sin(360 45 )
1
sin 45
2
1 2 1
or
2 2
1 2
or
2 2
(b) cos 570 cos(360 210 )
cos 210
cos(270 )
cos(180 30 ) 19. (a)
sin(90 )
cos 30
sin
3 cos
2 tan
(c) tan 120 tan(180 60 ) (b) sin( ) tan(270 )

tan 60 1
sin
3 tan
cos
sin
sin
cos
193
(c) sin 2 (270 ) cos 2 (90 ) (c) ∵ tan x 1.4

( cos ) 2
( sin ) 2 tan x tan 54.5
∴ x 54.5 or 180 54.5
cos 2 sin 2
x 54.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
1
234.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
1 cos 2 (180 )
(d) 22. (a) 3 tan x 1
sin(360 )
1
1 ( cos ) 2 tan x
sin 3
tan x tan 30
1 cos 2
∴ x 180 30 or 360 30
sin
sin 2 x 150 or 330
sin
sin (b) 5 sin x 2
2
sin x
20. (a) L.H.S. tan ( 90 ) 5
sin x sin 23.6
tan( 90 360 )
∴ x 180 23.6 or 360 23.6
tan(270 )
x 203.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
1
tan 336.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
sin( 270 )
R.H.S.
sin(360 ) (c) 3 cos x 2 0
cos 2
cos x
sin 3
1 cos x cos 48.2
tan ∴ x 48.2 or 360 48.2
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S. x 48.2 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
sin( 270 ) 311.8 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
∴ tan ( 90 ) is an identity.
sin(360 )
(d) 4 2 tan x 1
(b) L.H.S. cos( ) tan sin(90 )
2 tan x 3
sin
cos cos 3
cos tan x
sin cos 2
R.H.S. cos [tan(180 ) 1] tan x tan 56.3
∴ x 56.3 or 180 56.3
cos (tan 1)
x 56.3 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
cos tan cos
sin 236.3 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
cos cos
cos
sin cos (e) 10 cos x 4 cos x
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 9 cos x 4
∴ cos( ) tan sin(90 ) cos [tan(180 ) 1] 4
cos x
is an identity. 9
cos x cos 63.6
3 ∴ x 63.6 or 360 63.6
21. (a) ∵ sin x
2 x 63.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
sin x sin 60 296.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
∴ x 180 60 or 360 60
x 240 or 300 (f) 4(cos x 1) 1
cos x 1 0.25
(b) ∵ cos x 0.45 cos x 0.75
cos x cos 63.3 cos x cos 41.4
∴ x 180 63.3 or 180 63.3 ∴ x 180 41.4 or 180 41.4
x 116.7 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or x 138.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
243.3 (cor. to 1 d.p.) 221.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
194
23. (a) sin x cos 80 Case 1 : θ lies in quadrant II.

sin (90 80 ) ∴ x 0 and y 0
sin 10 y r2 x2
∴ x 10 or 180 10
82 ( 5) 2
x 10 or 170
39
(b) cos x sin 50 39
∴ sin ,
cos(90 50 ) 8
cos 40 39 39
∴ x 180 40 or 180 40 tan
5 5
x 140 or 220 Case 2 : θ lies in quadrant III.
∴ x 0 and y 0
1
(c) tan x y r2 x2
tan 150
tan(270 150 ) 82 ( 5) 2
tan 120 39
∴ x 120 or 180 120
39 39
x 120 or 300 ∴ sin ,
8 8
Level 2 39 39
tan
1 5 5
24. (a) ∵ sin 0 Combining cases 1 and 2,
3
∴ θ lies in quadrant I or quadrant II. 39 39
sin , tan
∵ tan θ < 0 8 5
39 39
Based on the above results, θ should lie in quadrant or sin , tan
II. 8 5
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and
(ii) sin tan
OP = r.
y 1 39 39
∵ sin
r 3 8 5
∴ Let y 1 and r 3. 39
x 3 2
1 2 40
8
(b) sin tan
8 8 2 2 sin
∴ cos or , sin
3 3 3 cos
sin 2
1 1 2
tan or cos
8 8 4
1 cos 2
cos
(b) tan 2 cos 2 5
∴ By substituting cos, the value of
2 2 8
1 8 sin tan can be found without finding the
8 3 values of sin and tan .
1 8 ∴ The claim is agreed.
8 9
55 1
26. (a) ∵ sin 0 and cos q > 0
72 10
∴ q lies in quadrant IV.
5 Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of q and
25. (a) (i) ∵ cos 0 OP = r.
8
y 1
∴ θ lies in quadrant II or quadrant III. ∵ sin
r 10
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ
and OP = r. ∴ Let y = -1 and r 10 .
x 5
∵ cos
r 8
∴ Let x = –5 and r = 8.
195
Alternative Solution
x r2 y2
4 sin 2 cos
( 10 ) 2 ( 1) 2 4 sin 2 cos cos
sin 3 cos sin 3 cos
3
cos
3 1 1
∴ cos , tan 4 tan 2
10 3 3
2
tan 3
3 9 3
∴ 2 cos 2 2 4 2
10 5 4
3
3
1 4
tan 3 1
(b)
cos sin 3 1 15
10 10 4
4
1
15
3
4
10 3
28. sin( 270 )
10 5
3
12 cos
5
3
3 cos
27. (a) ∵ tan 0 and sin q < 0 5
4 3
∴ q lies in quadrant IV. ∵ cos 0 and sin q > 0
5
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of q and
∴ q lies in quadrant I.
OP = r.
y 3
∵ tan x 3
x 4 ∵ cos
r 5
∴ Let x = 4 and y = -3.
∴ Let x = 3 and r 5 .
r 42 ( 3) 2
y r2 x2
5
3 3 4 52 32
∴ sin , cos
5 5 5 4
4 4
∴ sin , tan
5 3
3 4
4 2 1
4 sin 2 cos 5 5 ∴ tan
(b) sin
sin 3 cos 3 4
3 1 4
5 5
4 3
12 8 5
5 5 5 4
3 12
4 3
5 5 1
4
12
15
29. (a) Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of q and

OP = r.
x 1
∵ cos
r k
∴ Let x = –1 and r = k.
y r2 x2 (Since q lies in quadrant II, y > 0)
2 2
k ( 1)
k2 1
k2 1 k2 1
∴ sin , tan k2 1
k 1
196
(b) (i) cos( 90 ) cos(360 90 ) 31. (a) ∵ 1 sin x 1

cos(270 ) ∴ The maximum value of y
sin 3
2 1
k2 1 3
k
1 2 3
(ii) tan (180 )
sin 2 (90 ) 2 ( 1)
1 1
( tan ) 2
cos 2
1
tan 2 (b) ∵ 0 cos 2 x 1
cos 2 ∴ The maximum value of y
1 4 5(0)
2
( k 2 1) 2
1 4
k The minimum value of y
k2 k2 1 4 5(1)
2k 2 1 1
2 (c) ∵ 1 sin x 1
30. (a) (i) R.H.S. tan cos
sin
cos 2 [1 2( 1)]2
cos
sin cos 9
L.H.S. sin cos The minimum value of y
2
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 1
1 2
sin cos
∴ tan cos 2 is an identity. 2
1 0
(ii) R.H.S.
1 tan 2
1 (d) ∵ 1 cos x 1
sin 2
1 When cos x 1,
cos 2 2 cos x
1 y attains its maximum.
3 cos x
cos 2 sin 2 2 ( 1)
cos 2 ∴ The maximum value of y
3 ( 1)
1
3
1
2
cos 2
cos 2 When cos x 1 ,
L.H.S. cos 2 2 cos x
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 3 cos x
1 2 1
∴ cos 2 is an identity. ∴ The minimum value of y
1 tan 2 3 1
1
(b) cos (sin cos ) 4
sin cos cos 2
1 (e) ∵ 0 cos 2 (90 x) 1
tan cos 2 (by (a))
1 tan 2 ∴ The maximum value of y
1 1 3
tan
1 tan 2 1 tan 2 6 4(1)
1 tan 3
1 tan 2 2
1 3 The minimum value of y
1 32 3
4 6 4( 0)
10 1
2
2
5
197
32. (a) ∵ 1 sin x 0 for 180 x 360 (b) 6 4 sin x 3

∴ The maximum value of y 2(3 2 sin x) 3
3 3 2 sin x 1.5
5 4( 0 ) Draw the straight line y = 1.5 on the graph of
3 y = 3 - 2 sin x.
5
3
5 4( 1)
1
3
(b) ∵ 0 cos 2 x 1 for 180 x 360

1
1 0
1 ∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 48° and x = 132°
The minimum value of y for 0 x 360 .
1 ∴ The solutions of 6 4 sin x 3 are x = 48°
1 1 or 132° for 0 x 360 .
1
2 35. (a) 3 3 tan x 0
3 tan x 1 2
33. (a) f ( x) 4 cos 2 x 6 sin 2 x Draw the straight line y = 2 on the graph
4 cos 2 x 6(1 cos 2 x) of y 3 tan x 1 .
10 cos 2 x 6
(b) ∵ 0 cos 2 x 1
∴ The maximum value of f(x)
10(1) 6
4
The minimum value of f(x)
10(0) 6
6
34. (a) 1 2 sin x 0

3 2 sin x 2
y = 3 - 2 sin x. ∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 60° for
0 x 180 .
∴ The solution of 3 3 tan x 0 is x = 60° for
0 x 180 .
(b) 3 sin x 4 cos x 0

sin x cos x
3 4 0
cos x cos x
3 tan x 4 0
3 tan x 1 3
y 3 tan x 1 .
∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 30° and x = 150°
for 0 x 360 .
∴ The solutions of 1 2 sin x 0 are x = 30° or
150° for 0 x 360 .
198
(iii) 3 5a sin x 2
5a sin x 1
a sin x 0.2
y = a sin x.
∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 66° for

0 x 180 . ∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 186° and
x = 354° for 0 x 360 .
∴ The solution of 3 sin x 4 cos x 0 is
∴ The solutions of 3 5a sin x 2 are
x = 66° for 0 x 180 . x = 186° or 354° for 0 x 360 .
36. (a) From the graph, the maximum and the minimum 37. (a) By substituting (0 , 1.5) into y a cos(x 60 ),
values of the function y a sin x are 2 and –2
we have
respectively.
1.5 a cos(0 60 )
(b) (i) sin x 0 a
1.5
2
a sin x 0
a 3
y = a sin x.
(b) y 3 cos( x 60 )
∵ 1 cos( x 60 ) 1
3( 1)
3
3(1)
3
∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 0°, x = 180° 38. By substituting (0 , 1) into y a sin x b, we have
and x = 360° for 0 x 360 . 1 a sin 0 b
∴ The solutions of sin x 0 are x = 0°, 180° b 1
or 360° for 0 x 360 . By substituting (210 , 0) and b = 1 into y a sin x b,
(ii) a sin x 1 0 we have
a sin x 1 0 a sin 210 1
Draw the straight line y = 1 on the graph of 1 a sin(180 30 )
y = a sin x.
1 a sin 30
a
1
2
a 2
39. (a) sin 270 cos180 tan 120 tan 330

( 1)( 1) tan(180 60 ) tan(360 30 )
1 ( tan 60 )( tan 30 )
1
1 ( 3)
∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 210° and 3
x = 330° for 0 x 360 . 1 1
∴ The solutions of a sin x 1 0 are 0
x = 210° or 330° for 0 x 360 .
199
(b) cos 210 sin 150 tan 315 (c) [sin(360 ) cos(360 )]2 [cos sin(180 )]2
cos(180 30 ) sin(180 30 ) tan(360 45 ) (sin cos ) 2
(cos sin ) 2
( cos 30 )(sin 30 )( tan 45 ) 2

sin 2 sin cos cos 2 cos 2
3 1 2 cos sin sin 2
( 1)
2 2 2 2
2 sin 2 cos
3 2(sin 2
cos 2 )
4 2
sin 225 1
(c) cos 270 (d) tan( 270 ) cos( )
cos135 sin( 90 )
sin(180 45 )
0 1
cos(180 45 ) tan(360 270 ) cos
cos
sin 45
1 cos 2
cos 45 tan(90 )
cos
2
2 1 sin 2
2 tan cos
2 cos sin 2
1 sin cos
sin
tan 135 sin 210
(d)
(tan 240 tan 180 ) 2
sin( 270 ) tan(180 )
tan(180 45 ) sin(180 30 ) 41. (a) L.H.S.
cos 2 (360 ) cos(270 )
[tan(180 60 ) 0]2
sin(360 270 ) tan
( tan 45 )( sin 30 )
cos 2 sin
(tan 60 ) 2 sin
1 sin(90 ) cos
( 1)
2 cos 2 sin
( 3 )2 cos 1
2
1 cos cos
2 1 1
3 cos cos
1 2
6 cos
2
R.H.S.
sin( 270 ) tan( ) cos
40. (a) ∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
cos(90 ) sin(180 )
sin( 270 ) tan(180 ) 2
( cos )( tan ) ∴ is an
cos 2 (360 ) cos(270 ) cos
( sin )(sin )
identity.
sin
( cos )
cos cos 2 (90 )
sin 2 (b) L.H.S.
tan 2 (90 )
sin
sin 2
sin 2 2
1 1
sin tan
sin 2 tan 2
tan(360 ) tan(90 ) sin 2
(b) sin 2
cos(180 ) cos(180 ) sin( ) sin(360 ) cos 2
1 sin 4
( tan )
tan cos 2
( cos )( cos ) ( sin )( sin )
1
cos 2 sin 2
1
200
R.H.S. tan 2 (180 ) sin 2 (360 ) 44. (a) 2 tan( x 10 ) 1 0

tan 2
sin 2 1
tan( x 10 )
2 2
sin
sin 2 tan( x 10 ) tan 26.6
cos 2
x 10 26.6 or x 10 180 26.6
sin 2
sin 2 cos 2
∴ x 16.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
cos 2
sin (1 cos 2 )
2 or 196.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
cos 2
4 (b) sin x cos(90 x) 2
sin
cos 2 sin x ( sin x) 2
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S. sin x 1
cos 2 (90 ) ∴ x 90
∴ tan 2 (180 ) sin 2 (360 )
tan 2 (90 )
is an identity. (c) 9 sin x 4 cos x
9 sin x 4 cos x
1 1 cos x cos x
(c) L.H.S.
1 sin(180 ) 1 sin(180 ) 9 tan x 4
1 1 4
tan x
1 sin 1 sin 9
1 sin 1 sin tan x tan 24.0
(1 sin )(1 sin ) x 24.0 or 180 24.0
2 ∴ x 24.0 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
1 sin 2 or 204.0 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
2
cos 2 (d) 2 cos x cos(270 x)
2 2 cos x sin x
R.H.S.
cos 2 2 cos x sin x
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S. cos x cos x
1 1 2 tan x 2
∴ is
1 sin(180 ) 1 sin(180 ) cos 2 tan x tan 63.4
an identity. x 180 63.4 or 360 63.4
∴ x 116.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
42. A B C D 360
A B 90 D 360 or 296.6 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
∴ A B D 270
sin( A B) sin( B D) sin( A D) (e) (3 tan x) tan(90 x) 2
cos A cos B cos D 3 tan x
2
sin( 270 D) sin( 270 A) sin( 270 B) tan x
cos A cos B cos D 3 tan x 2 tan x
( cos D)( cos A)( cos B) tan x 1
cos A cos B cos D x 45 or 180 45
1 x 45 or 225
43. sin 2 10 sin 2 20 ... sin 2 160 sin 2 170 sin 2 180 45. (a) (cos x) (2 cos x 1) 0
2
sin 10 2
sin 20 ... sin 90 2 2
sin (90 10 ) ... cos x 0 or 2 cos x 1 0
2
sin (90 70 ) sin (90 2
80 ) sin (90 2
90 ) 1
cos x 0 or cos x
2
sin 2 10 sin 2 20 ... sin 2 90 cos 2 10 ...
When cos x 0 ,
2 2 2
cos 70 cos 80 cos 90 x 90 or 270
(sin 2 10 cos 2 10 ) ... (sin 2 80 cos 2 80 ) 1
When cos x ,
(sin 2 90 cos 2 90 ) 2
1 9 x 180 60 or 180 60
i.e. x 120 or 240
9
∴ x 90 , 120 , 240 or 270
201
(b) 4 sin 2 x sin x cos x (f) 2 cos x 3 tan x

2
4 sin x sin x cos x 0 3 sin x
2 cos x
sin x(4 sin x cos x) 0 cos x
sin x 0 or 4 sin x cos x 0 2 cos 2 x 3 sin x
1 2(1 sin 2 x) 3 sin x
sin x 0 or tan x 2
4 2 2 sin x 3 sin x
When sin x 0 , 2 sin 2 x 3 sin x 2 0
x 0 or 180 (2 sin x 1)(sin x 2)
0
1
When tan x , 2 sin x 1 0 or sin x 2 0
4
1
x 14.0 or 180 14.0 sin x or sin x 2 (rejected)
i.e. x 14.0 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 2
∴ x 30 or 180 30
194.0 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
x 30 or 150
∴ x 0 , 14.0 (cor. to 1 d.p.),
180 or 194.0 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
(g) sin 2 x 2 sin x cos x cos 2 x 0
2
sin x 2 sin x
1 0
(c) 3 sin 2 x 8 sin x 3 0 cos 2 x cos x
(3 sin x 1)(sin x 3) 0 tan 2 x 2 tan x 1 0
( 2) ( 2) 2 4(1)( 1)
1 tan x
sin x or sin x 3 (rejected) 2(1)
3
∴ x 180 19.5 or 360 19.5 2 8 2 8
or
x 199.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.) 2 2
1 2 or 1 2
or 340.5 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
When tan x 1 2,
x 67.5 or 180 67.5
(d) tan 2 x 5
i.e. x 67.5 or 247.5
tan x 5 or tan x 5
When tan x 1 2 ,
When tan x 5, x 180 22.5 or 360 22.5
x 65.9 or 180 65.9
i.e. x 157.5 or 337.5
i.e. x 65.9 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or
∴ x 67.5 , 157.5 , 247.5 or 337.5
245.9 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
When tan x 5,
(h) 2 sin 2 x sin x cos x cos 2 x 1
x 180 65.9 or 360 65.9
i.e. x 114.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 2 sin 2 x sin x cos x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x
2 2
294.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.) sin x sin x cos x 2 cos x 0
2
∴ x 65.9 (cor. to 1 d.p.), 114.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.), sin x sin x
2 0
245.9 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 294.1 (cor. to 1 d.p.) cos 2 x cos x
tan 2 x tan x 2 0
2 (tan x 1)(tan x 2) 0
(e) 2 sin x cos x 1
2 tan x 1 0 or tan x 2 0
2(1 cos x) cos x 1
2
tan x 1 or tan x 2
2 2 cos x cos x 1 When tan x 1,
2 cos 2 x cos x 3 0 x 180 45 or 360 45
(2 cos x 3)(cos x 1) 0 i.e. x 135 or 315
2 cos x 3 0 or cos x 1 0 When tan x 2,
3 x 63.4 or 180 63.4
cos x (rejected) or cos x 1 i.e. x 63.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 243.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
2
∴ x 0 ∴ x 63.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.), 135 ,
243.4 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 315
202
3 sin 2 (180 ) cos 2 (270 ) (b) 3 cos 2 x tan 2 x 1

46. (a)
cos 2 (180 ) tan(180 ) tan 2 x 1 3 cos 2 x 0
3 sin 2
sin 2 1 2 cos 2 x 3 cos 4 x
0 (by (a))
( cos ) 2 (tan ) cos 2 x
( 3 1) sin 2 ∴ 1 2 cos 2 x 3 cos 4 x 0
cos 2 tan 3 cos 4 x 2 cos 2 x 1 0
( 3 1) tan 2 (3 cos 2 x 1)(cos 2 x 1) 0
2 2
tan 3 cos x 1 0 or cos x 1 0
( 3 1) tan 1
cos 2 x or cos 2 x 1 (rejected)
3
1 1
3 sin 2 (180 ) cos 2 (270 ) cos x or
(b) 2 tan 1 3 3
cos 2 (180 ) tan(180 )
1
When cos x ,
( 3 1) tan 2 tan 1 (by (a)) 3
(1 3 ) tan 1 x 54.7 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
1 1
tan When cos x ,
1 3 3
tan tan 53.8 x 180 54.7
∴ 180 53.8 or 360 53.8 i.e. x 125.3 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
126.2 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 306.2 (cor. to 1 d.p.) ∴ x 54.7 (cor. to 1 d.p.) or 125.3 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
47. (a) L.H.S. sin x tan x 49. 1 – 6 tan2 x + 4 sin2 x = 0

sin x sin 2 x
sin x 1 6 4 sin 2 x 0
cos x cos 2 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x 6 sin 2 x 4 sin 2 x cos 2 x
cos x 0
cos 2 x
1 cos 2 x cos x 6(1 cos x) 4(1 cos 2 x) cos 2 x
2 2
0
cos x 4 cos 4 x 11 cos 2 x 6 0
1 cos 2 x 2 2
R.H.S. (4 cos x 3)(cos x 2) 0
cos x
2 2
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S. 4 cos x 3 0 or cos x 2 0
1 cos 2 x 3
∴ sin x tan x cos 2 x or cos 2 x 2 (rejected)
cos x 4
3 3
∴ cos x or
(b) 2 sin x tan x 1 cos x 2 2
1 cos 2 x 3
2 1 cos x (by (a)) When cos x ,
cos x 2
x = 30° or 360° – 30°
2 2 cos 2 x cos x cos 2 x
i.e. x = 30° or 330°
cos 2 x cos x 2 0
3
(cos x 1)(cos x 2) 0 When cos x ,
2
cos x 1 0 or cos x 2 0 x = 180° – 30° or 180° + 30°
cos x 1 or cos x 2 (rejected) i.e. x = 150° or 210°
∴ x 0 ∴ x 30 , 150 , 210 or 330
48. (a) tan 2 x 1 3 cos 2 x Multiple Choice Questions (p. 10.72)

sin 2 x 1. Answer: D
1 3 cos 2 x ∵ 90 180
cos 2 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x 3 cos 4 x ∴ q lies in quadrant II.
cos 2 x Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of q and OP = r.
y 1
(1 cos x) cos 2 x 3 cos 4 x
2
∵ sin
r 4
cos 2 x
∴ Let y = 1 and r = 4.
1 2 cos x 3 cos 4 x
2
cos 2 x
203
x r2 y2 6. Answer: B
From the graph, the maximum value of y is 1.
42 12
15
1 1
∴ tan
15 15
2. Answer: D
5
∵ cos 0 ∵ The graph repeats itself every 180°.
29 ∴ The period of the function y = f(x) is 180°.
∴ θ lies in quadrant II or quadrant III.
∵ tan θ > 0
7. Answer: B
Based on the above results, θ should lie in quadrant III. ∵ 0 cos 2 x 1
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of θ and OP = r. 5
∴ The least value of y
x 5 3 0
∵ cos 5
r 29
3
∴ Let x = –5 and r 29 .
y r2 x2
8. Answer: D
( 29 ) 2
( 5) 2 cos 2 x 0.5 0
2 cos 2 x 0.5
2 2 Draw the straight line y = –0.5 on the graph of y = cos 2x.
∴ sin
29 29
5 2
2
2 cos sin 29 29
∴
cos 5
29
8
29
5
29
8 ∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 60°, x = 120°,
5 x = 240° and x = 300° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
∴ The solutions of cos 2x + 0.5 = 0 are x = 60°, 120°,
3. Answer: B 240° or 300° for 0° £ x £ 360°.
0° < q < 90°
∴ q lies in quadrant I. 9. Answer: A
Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of q and OP = r. sin(90 ) tan(270 )
y 1 cos 2 (180 )
∵ sin
r m 1
cos
∴ Let y = 1 and r = m. tan
( cos ) 2
x r2 y2
cos
cos
m2 1 sin
m2 1 cos 2
∴ cos cos 2
m
∴ cos(180 ) cos sin
cos 2
m2 1 1
m sin
4. Answer: B
5. Answer: C
204
10. Answer: B 14. Answer: D

For I, 3 cos 2 x 2 cos x 1 0
L.H.S. sin A (3 cos x 1)(cos x 1) 0
sin(180 B ) 3 cos x 1 0 or cos x 1 0
sin B 1
R.H.S. sin B cos x or cos x 1
3
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
1
∴ sin A sin B When cos x ,
3
∴ I is true. x 180 70.5 or 180 70.5
For II,
L.H.S. tan A tan B
When cos x 1 ,
tan A tan(180 A)
x 0 or 360
tan A( tan A)
∴ The equation 3 cos 2 x 2 cos x 1 0 has 4 solutions.
tan 2 A
R.H.S. HKMO (p. 10.74)
∴ II is not true. 1. sin 2 1 sin 2 2 ... sin 2 89
For III,
sin 2 1 sin 2 2 sin 2 3 ... sin 2 44 sin 2 45
L.H.S. sin 2 A cos 2 B 2 2 2
sin (90 44 ) ... sin (90 3 ) sin (90 2)
sin 2 (180 B ) cos 2 B 2
sin (90 1)
sin 2 B cos 2 B 2
sin 1 sin 2 2 sin 2 3 ... sin 2 44 sin 2 45
1
R.H.S. 1 cos 2 44 ... cos 2 3 cos 2 2 cos 2 1
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S. (sin 1 2 2
cos 1 ) (sin 2 2 2
cos 2 )
2 2
∴ sin A cos B 1 (sin 3 2 2
cos 3 ) ... (sin 44 2
cos 2 44 ) sin 2 45
∴ III is true. 2
1
∴ The answer is B. 1 44
2
11. Answer: D 44.5
2 sin 3 0
3 2. 16 sin 4 5 16 cos 2
sin 4 2
2 16 sin 16 cos 5 0
∴ 180 60 or 360 60 16 sin 4
16(1 sin 2
) 5 0
240 or 300 16 sin 4
16 sin 2
21 0
(4 sin 2 3)(4 sin 2 7) 0
12. Answer: D 4 sin 2
3 0 or 4 sin 2 7 0
3 cos x sin x cos x 2 sin x
3 7
3 sin x
2 cos x sin 2 or sin 2 (rejected)
4 4
2
tan x 3 3
3 sin or (rejected)
2 2
∵ 0° £ x £ 180°
∴ 60
∴ x = 180° - 33.7°
x 146.3 (cor. to 1 d.p.)
3. cos 7 x cos 5 x
7x 5 x or 7 x 360 5 x or 7 x 360 5 x or
13. Answer: B
sin x(2 sin x 3) 0 7x 720 5 x or 7 x 1080 5 x or
sin x 0 or 2 sin x 3 0 7x 1440 5 x or 7 x 1800 5 x or
3 7x 2160 5x
sin x 0 or sin x (rejected)
2 x 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 or 180
When sin x = 0, ∵ The equation cos 7 x cos 5 x has 7 distinct roots.
x = 0°, 180° or 360° ∴ r 7
∴ The equation sin x (2sin x + 3) = 0 has 3 solutions.
4. ∵ 90 180
∴ lies in quadrant II.
205
y 3 sin( 2a a ) b 0
∵ sin
r 2 sin a b 0 ......(1)
From the graph, we know that the graph passes through
∴ Let y 3 and r = 2.
1
x r2 y2 the point 0, . We have
3
22 ( 3 )2 1
sin[ 2(0) a ] b
1 3
1 1 1
∴ cos sin( a ) b
2 2 3
A cos(180 ) 1
sin a b ......(2)
cos 3
1
1 (1) – (2): 2 sin a
3
2 1
1 sin a 0
6
2 ∴ 0 a 180
Therefore, I must be true.
5. k = sin 30° + cos 60° + sin 90° + cos 120° + … + sin 1890° + For II:
cos 1920° 1
By substituting sin a into (1), we have
Consider 6
sin 30° + cos 60° + sin 90° + cos 120° + sin 150° + 1
b 0
cos 180° + sin 210° + cos 240° + sin 270° + cos 300° + 6
sin 330° + cos 360° 1
b
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6
1 1 1 1 Therefore, II must be false.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
For III:
0
Since sine and cosine functions are periodic functions with 1 1
sin a 2b 2
periods 360°, the result repeats for every 360°, and 6 6
1800° = 5 ´ 360°. 1 1
∴ k (sin 30 cos 60 ... cos1800 ) 6 3
sin 1830 cos 1860 sin 1890 cos 1920 1
5(0) sin 1830 cos 1860 sin 1890 cos 1920 6
0
1 1 1
0 1 Therefore, III must be true.
2 2 2 ∴ The answer is B.
3
2 2. Answer: D
For I:
cos x cos(360 x) cos x cos x
2 cos sin
6. c 2 cos x
sin cos
∵ 0 x 90
sin
2 0 cos x 1
cos
sin 0 2 cos x 2
1
cos ∴ cos x cos(360 x) 0
2 tan Therefore, I must be true.
tan 1 For II:
1 1
2 tan x tan(270 x) tan x
2 tan x
1 1
1
2 0
5
Therefore, II must be true.
For III:
Exam Focus sin x sin(90 x) sin x cos x
∵ 0 x 90
Exam-type Questions (p. 10.76) 0 sin x 1 and 0 cos x 1
0 sin x cos x 2
1. Answer: B
∴ sin x sin(90 x) 0
For I:
From the graph, we know that the graph passes through Therefore, III must be true.
the point (a, 0). We have ∴ The answer is D.
206
k sin(135 ) 0
3. Answer: B k sin[180 (45 )] 0
tan 1 tan 2 tan 3 ... tan 88 tan 89 k sin( 45 ) 0
tan 1 tan 2 tan 3 ... tan 44 tan 45 sin( 45 ) 0
tan(90 44 ) ... tan(90 3 ) tan(90 2) 45 0
tan(90 1) 45
1
tan 1 tan 2 tan 3 ... tan 44 tan 45 From the graph, we know that the graph passes through
tan 44
1 1 1 the point (225, 3). We have
... k sin( 225 ) 3
tan 3 tan 2 tan 1
1 1 1 k sin[ 225 ( 45 )] 3
tan 1 tan 2 tan 3 ...
tan 1 tan 2 tan 3 k sin 270 3
1 k ( 1) 3
tan 44 tan 45
tan 44 k 3
1 1 1 ... 1
1 7. (a) T (3) cos(30 3 45 )
cos 45
4. Answer: C
2
∵ x y z 180 (∠sum of △)
2
90 z 180
z 90
(b) T (3) cos 45
cos 2 x cos 2 y cos 2 z cos 2 x cos 2 (90 x) cos 2 90
cos(360 45 )
cos 2 x sin 2 x 0
cos(30 12 45 )
1
T (12)
∴ The other term is T(12).
5. Answer: C
2 3 tan 2 cos
2
8. (a)
2 cos (180 ) 3 cos 2 (270 ) 3 sin
2 2 cos
cos
2 2
2( cos ) 3( sin ) 3 sin 2 cos 2
2
3 sin 2(1 sin 2 )
2 cos 2 3 sin 2
3 sin 2 2 sin 2
2
2(cos 2 sin 2 ) sin 2 2 sin 2 3 sin 2 0
2
(b) 3 tan 2 cos
2(1) sin 2
2
2 sin 3 sin 2 0 (by (a))
2
2 sin 2 (2 sin 1)(sin 2) 0
∵ 0 90 2 sin 1 0 or sin 2 0
∴ 0 sin 1 2 1
sin or sin 2 (rejected)
∴ The maximum value of 2
2 ∴ 180 30 or 360 30
2 cos 2 (180 ) 3 cos 2 (270 ) 210 or 330
∴ There are only two roots for the equation
2
3 tan 2 cos .
2 0
∴ The claim is agreed.
1
Investigation Corner (p. 10.79)

6. Answer: A
From the graph, we know that the graph passes through x sin
the point (135, 0). We have 1.
b sin(180 BDC )
sin
sin BDC
y sin
a sin BDC
207
x y y a
∴ ∵
b a x b
y a 1
b
x b y 2
x b
BD y 1
2. (a) (i) tan 15
BC x 2
y x x 2y
or
a b
AB
BC ∴ tan 45
(ii) cos 30 BC
AC x y
a 1
a
b
2y y
3 a 1
a
2 b y 1
3 a 1 2
a b
2 1
y a tan 22.5 (or 2 1)
(iii) ∵ 1 2
x b
3 (c) tan 67.5 (90 22.5 )
b
y 2
∴ 1
x b
tan 22.5
y 3 1
x 2 1
2 2 1
x y
3 2 1
AB
tan 30 tan 75 tan (90 15 )
BC
1 x y 1
3 a tan 15
2 1
y y 1
1 3
a 2 3
3
2 3
1 2 3 y
3 3 a tan 105 tan (180 75 )
y 1 tan 75
a 2 3 2 3
1 tan 112.5 tan (180 67.5 )
tan 15 (or 2 3)
2 3 tan 67.5
2 1
(b) Let AC b , BC a , AD x , BD y and
ACD BCD . Hence, we have
BD a 0° 15° 22.5°
tan 22.5
BC 1 1
y x 2 3 1 2
or tan a 0
a b (or 2 1)
(or 2 3)
BC
cos 45 a 67.5° 75° 90°
AC
a tan a 2 1 2 3 undefined
b
1 a a 30° 45° 60°
2 b 1
tan a 1 3
1 3
a b
2 a 105° 112.5° 120°
tan a 2 3 2 1 3
208
209

1415937280 - 4B10 - Exercise - E - 複本

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1415937280 - 4B10 - Exercise - E - 複本

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NSS Mathematics in Action (2nd Edition) 4B Full Solutions

10 More about Trigonometry sin

1 sin sin sin

tan(32 ) 2.14 cos 2 sin 2

Warm-Up Activity (p. 10.10)

Activity 10.1 (p. 10.14)

2. Quadrant I: sin , cos , tan

Activity 10.2 (p. 10.23)

θ 210° 240° 270° 300° 330° 360°

3. 340° lies in quadrant IV.

4. (a) yes; 1 250° lies in quadrant III.

(b) yes; –1 Classwork (p. 10.10)

(b) 180° – θ (c) 400 360

Maths Dialogue (d) IV

Maths Dialogue (p. 10.17) 3. 60 and 300 , 220 and 580

Classwork (p. 10.9) sin 270

Classwork (p. 10.15)

2. (a) I or II Quick Practice 10.3 (p. 10.18)

∵ The graph repeats itself every 360°.

Quick Practice 10.7 (p. 10.32)

Quick Practice 10.8 (p. 10.33)

Quick Practice 10.11 (p. 10.46)

(b) tan 106 tan(180 74 )

Quick Practice 10.15 (p. 10.50)

Quick Practice 10.17 (p. 10.55)

Quick Practice 10.20 (p. 10.57)

(b) ∵ 1 sin x 1 sin 2 (90 )

Exercise 10A (p. 10.19)

Yes, the angle of 464° lies in quadrant II.

(c) (360 155 )

Yes, the angle of –312° lies in quadrant I.

Yes, the angle of 78° lies in quadrant I.

Yes, the angle of 320° lies in quadrant IV.

5. OP ( 4) 2 32 11. cos 2 270 sin 2 450

10. cos180 tan 60 tan 180

(b) 360 215 24. (a) h OP 2 k2

( 7) 2 ( 6) 2 Exercise 10B (p. 10.34)

(b) y sin and y cos

(1) – (2): 2a 6 18. ∵ 0 £ sin2 x £ 1

∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 234° and

∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 210° and

∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 78° and

(b) Draw the straight line y = 0.2 on the graph of

∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 45° and

(b) Draw the straight line y = -3 on the graph of

5. (a) (i) sin x 0.5

∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 108° and

∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 0°, x = 180° and

360° for 0° £ x £ 360°. (b) cos x 0.5

∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 60° and

∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 67.5° and

∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 0°, x = 234° and

(b) (i) 1 tan 2 x 0

∵ The two graphs intersect at x = 102° and

(d) sin 407° sin(360 47 )

2. (a) cos (-105°) cos 105

(d) tan 520° tan(360 160 ) cos(180 )

(c) sin 450° sin(360 90 ) 11. 1 cos( ) sin( 270 )

(b) tan 480° tan(360 120 ) 13. L.H.S. cos160

(c) sin(-45°) sin 45

answers) 21. tan 2 330 sin 2 ( 100 ) cos 2 460

cos 405 tan 225