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WORKSHOP 7 SECOND TERM 9TH GRADE

Reading about Industrial Revolution Inventions and Technology History

Industrial Revolution

New inventions and technologies played an important role in the Industrial Revolution. They
changed the way things were powered, how goods were manufactured, how people
communicated, and the way goods weretransported. These new developments allowed the
industrial revolution to grow rapidly and spread throughout Europe and the United States.

New Power Technologies

James Watt (1736-1819) by Unknown In the early part of the Industrial Revolution natural
power sources such as water and wind were used as power. Later, new power technologies such
as a steam power and electricity played a major role in allowing the Industrial Revolution to grow.

Steam Power

Steam power had been around for a while, but in 1781 James Watt invented a new type of
steam engine that could be used to power machines in factories. This allowed factories to be
located anywhere. Throughout the 1800s steam engines grew bigger and more powerful. They
were used to not only power factories, but alsoin transportation to power steamboats and trains.

Electricity

Electricity became important during the Second Industrial Revolution in the late 1800s.
Electric lights allowedfactories to stay open longer and produce more goods. The Spinning Jenny
Source: Popular Science Monthly Volume 39 (1891)

Textile Technology

The Industrial Revolution began in the textile

industry. One of the first major inventions was the
"spinning jenny" invented by James Hargreaves in
England in 1764. In 1779, Samuel Crompton made
improvements with the "spinning mule." The Industrial
Revolution began in the United States with the opening
of Slater's Mill in 1793. Other inventions included the
cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 and the sewing
machine by Elias Howe in 1846.
 Communications

The ability to communicate across long distances improved dramatically during the Industrial
Revolution. It began with the invention of the electrical telegraph by Samuel Morse in 1844. This
system allowed for messagesto be transmitted much quicker and cheaper than old methods. In
1876, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone which changed the way people
communicated forever.

Transportation

An Early Steam Locomotive Source: Mechanics

magazine, 1829 The Industrial Revolution brought
about the need for improved transportation. Large
amounts of goods needed to be shipped from factories
to stores throughout the country. One of the first
successful steamboats was developed by Robert Fulton
in 1807. Steamboats were soon used to carry goods
and passengers along rivers throughout the United
States. The steam locomotive was invented in the early
1800s.
Trains became one of the most important modes of
transportation during the Industrial Revolution. the First Transcontinental Railroad across the
United States wascompleted in 1869. This text is Copyright © Ducksters. Do not use without
permission.
Exercise.
step 1 check the previous reading

step 2 check the dates and what happened on that date step 3 write those dates in sequence on the
timeline

Time Line

Exercise. Find the terms about the Industrial Revolution inside the word search puzzle.

Strike Telegraph Industry Lowell Girls

Canals Working class Labor Union Railroad
Machines Catton Gin Steamboat Factory
Assembly Robert Fulton Textiles Luddites
Steam Engine Matchgirls Breaker boy Slaters Mill
Exercise. Select the correct answer
1. What new source of power helped to drive the Industrial Revolution?
a. Water
b. Steam
c. Wind Horse
d. Nuclear

2. What was the drawback of using a river as power for a factory?

a. Unreliable
b. The factory had to be near a river
c. Rivers could freeze
d. Rivers could dry up
e. All of the above

3. What do steam engines boil to create steam for power?

a. Water
b. Gasoline
c. Oil
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
4. What was an advantage of steam power?
a. It was free
b. Factories could be located anywhere
c. It used the wind
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

5. True or False: Steam power was used in a number of different applications?

a. TRUE
b. FALSE

6. What term did James Watt use to describe how much power a steam engine could produce?
a. Watt
b. Ampere
c. Horsepower
d. Manpower
e. Joule

7. Who invented one of the first useful steam engines in 1712?

a. Thomas Edison
b. Eli Whitney
c. Albert Einstein
d. Thomas Newcomen
e. William Steam

8. Which of the following was a practical use for steam engines?

a. Factories
b. Mines
c. Locomotives
d. Steamboats
e. All of the above

9. Who developed the first commercially successful steamboat operation?

a. James Hargreaves
b. Robert Fulton
c. Thomas Savery
d. James Watt
e. Thomas Newcomen