Draft BS EN ISO 22477-5-2016

Draft for Public Comment Form 36
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Latest date for receipt of comments: 21 November 2016 Project No. 2014/01700
Responsible committee: B/526/3 Site investigation and ground testing
Interested committees:
Title: Draft BS ENISO 22477-5 Geotechnical investigation and testing —

Testing of geotechnical structures —
Part 5: Testing of grouted anchors
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Introduction
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Template for comments and secretariat observations Date: xx/xx/20xx Document: ISO/DIS xxxx
1 2 (3) 4 5 (6) (7)

MB Clause No./ Subclause Paragraph/ Type of com- Commend (justification for change) by the Proposed change by the MB Secretariat observations on each
EXAMPLE
No./Annex Figure/ ment MB comment submitted
ONLY
(e.g. 3.1) Table/Note
3.1 Definition 1 ed Definition is ambiguous and needs clarifying. Amend to read '...so that the mains connector
to which no connection...'
6.4 Paragraph 2 te The use of the UV photometer as an Delete reference to UV photometer.

alternative cannot be supported as
serious problems have been encountered in its
use in the UK.
Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks, and Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 22477-5
ISO/TC 182 Secretariat: BSI

Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2016-09-29 2016-12-21
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Testing of

geotechnical structures —
Part 5:
Testing of grouted anchors
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais des structures géotechniques —
Partie 5: Essai du tirant d’ancrage
ICS: 93.020
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
ISO/DIS 22477-5:2016(E)
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO 2016
ISO/DIS 22477-5:2016(E)
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ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Co n ten ts Page
Fo rewo rd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
I n trod u ctio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
1 S co pe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 No rma ti ve re fere n ce s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3 Term s, de fin i ti on s a nd symbo l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. 1 Term s a nd de fi ni tio n s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. 2 S ym bol s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4 Eq u i pmen t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. 1 Te st loa di n g se t-u p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. 2 Rea ction syste m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
4. 3 Loa di n g de vi ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
4. 4 Loa d mea su remen t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
4. 5 Di spl ace men t mea su reme n t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0
4. 6 Time an d te mpe ra tu re mea su re men t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
5 Te st type s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
5. 1 I n ve sti ga tio n te st (I -te st) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
5. 2 S ui tabil i ty te st (S -te st) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
5. 3 Acce ptan ce te st (A-te st) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
6 Exe cu ti o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
6. 1 Te st loca tio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
6. 2 Te st a n ch o rs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
6. 3 Time pe rio d be tween i n stal la tion a nd te st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
6. 4 Te st prepa ra tio n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
6. 5 Max im um te st l oa d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
6. 6 Da tum loa d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
6. 7 G ro up te sti n g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
6. 8 Osci l la tin g Load Te sti n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
7 Te st re po rt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
7. 1 I n ve sti ga tio n an d su i ta bil i ty te sts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
7. 2 Acce ptan ce te st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
8 Te st me th od 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
8. 1 G ene ra l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
8. 2 I n ve sti ga tio n te st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6
8. 3 S ui tabil i ty te st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
8. 4 Acce ptan ce te st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
9 Te st me th od 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9. 1 G ene ra l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9. 2 I n ve sti ga tio n te st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9. 3 S ui tabil i ty te st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
9. 4 Acce ptan ce te st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
10 Te st me th od 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1 0. 1 G ene ra l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1 0. 2 I n ve sti ga tio n te st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1 0. 3 S ui tabil i ty te st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1 0. 4 Acce ptan ce te st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
An nex A De te rm ina ti on of the cree p ra te  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
© ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved iii

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 77 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
An nex B De te rm ina ti on of the loa d lo ss k l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
An nex C De te rm ina ti on of the cri ti cal creep l oad P c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
An nex D Eva l ua ti on o f the a ppare n t ten d on free len g th, L ap p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
An nex E Yie ld stre ss a nd te n sile stren g th fo r typi cal an cho r steel s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
An nex F I ll u stra ti on o f ULS an d S LS re si sta n ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
iv © ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Fore w ord
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national s tandards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, als o take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical commit tees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibilit y that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22477-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 1 82, Geotechnics.
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I n trod u cti on
ISO 22477-5 has been prepared by Technical Committe e ISO/TC1 82 Geotechnics / WG3 ‘Testing of
geotechnical structures’, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. The document is also developed in
association with the secretariat of CEN /TC 341 ‘Geotechnical investigation and testing’ which is held by BSI.
ISO/TC 1 82 comprises three working groups:
WG 1 – Identification and classification of soil and rock
WG 2 – Monitoring in geotechnical engineering
WG 3 – Testing of geotechnical structures
EN ISO 22477-5 together with EN 1 997-1 and EN 1 537 form the trinity, in which:
 EN 1 997-1 defines the design requirements for grouted anchors, including the limits of proof load and
limiting criteria by testing of grouted anchors, which may be specified in the national annex (for EN
1 997-1 ) or a similar national application document for ISO countries
 EN 1 537 defines the execution of grouted anchors
 EN ISO 22477-5 defines the testing of grouted anchors
The final version of this document has been prepared by a working group comprisin g of active delegates from
eight countries (France, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, United Kingdom, Sweden, Netherlands and
Denmark) based on 392 comments received on the draft of 1 1 .02.201 4. [NOTE: this paragraph will be deleted
after the enquiry stage]
In order to comply with all these comments the document has been restructured so that common items have
generally been placed in the first part of the standard comprising sections 1 to 7. The different test specific
loading procedures, measurements, checks and presentation of test results for the three test methods (TM1 , -
2 and -3) have been placed in three separate sections. Furthermore, the determination of the fundamental
characteristics: creep rate, load loss, critical creep load and the apparent tendon free length are not test
specific and for this reason these have been placed in the separate annexes A to D.
Yield stress and tensile strength for typical anchor steels appear in the informative annex E.
Illustration of the terms ultimate limit state resistance and serviceability limit state resistance as well as the
critical creep load appear in the informative annex F.
Standards should evolve to reflect the industry they serve and as a consequence of this the next generation of
the Eurocode 7 (EN 1 997), the corresponding versions of the execution standard (EN 1 537) and the testing
standard (EN ISO 22477-5) should be based on only two principal test methods instead of the three test
methods currently used: a cyclic load test (CLT) and a maintained load test (MLT).
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—
—
G eot ech n i cal i n vest i g at i on an d t est i n g T est i n g of g eot ech n i cal
st ru ct u res Part 5: T est i n g of g rou t ed an ch ors
1 Scope
(1 ) This Standard establishes specifications for the execution of tension tests to be carried out on an anchor grouted in
the ground, as defined in EN 1 997-1 and EN 1 537. Three methods of testing are recognised by this Standard. Method
1 involves cyclic tension loading with measurement of displacement at the load stages. Method 2 involves cyclic
tension loading with measurement of loss at the load stages and Method 3 involves step-loading with measurement of
displacement under successive maintained tension loads.
(2) The standard provides specifications for three types of tension tests as defined in EN 1 997-1 and EN 1 537:
investigation tests, suitabil ity tests and acceptance tests.
(3) Test methods (1 , 2 or 3) shall be used consistently for all test types (Investigation, Suitability and Acceptance).
(4) The standard provides specifications for the experimental devices, the measurement apparatus, the test
procedures, the definition and the presentation of the test results and the content of records.
(5) The standard does not provide specification for the size of the proof load and the limiting criteria. These shall be
stated in EN 1 997-1 or its national annex for CEN countries and in similar national application documents for this test
standard for ISO countries.
2 N ormati v e re fe re n ce s
The following referenced documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1 537, Execution of special geotechnical works – Ground anchors
EN 1 997-1 :2004+A1 :201 3, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – Part 1: General rules
EN 1 992-1 -5, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures – Part 5: General rules – Structures with unbounded and
external pre-stressing tendons (*)
EN 1 993-1 -1 , Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings (*)
EN 1 993-5, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 5: Piling
(*) for rules related to tension of pre-stress steel.
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3 T e rms, d e fi n i ti on s an d symbol s
3 . 1 Te r ms a n d d e f i ni t io ns
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definit ions given in EN 1 997-1 and EN 1 537 and the following apply.
Figures 1 and 2 present sketches of the two main types of grouted anchors considered in EN 1 537.
3. 1 . 1
Acce pta n ce te st
Load test to confirm that an individual anchor conforms with its acceptance criteria (refer to EN 1 997-1 )
3. 1 . 2
An ch o r te n d o n resi sta n ce
Ultimate tensile resistance of the anchor tendon

3. 1 . 3
Cri ti ca l cre ep l o ad
Load corresponding to the end of the first pseudo-linear part of the “ versus load diagram”
Refer to Annex C for the determination of the critical creep load
3. 1 . 4
G e o te ch n ical u l ti mate l imi t sta te resi sta n ce
The ultimate resistance of the ground-grout interface, defined as the load at whic h the creep rate  meets the limiting
criterion in the form of a specific creep rate ULS or the vertical asymptote of the creep rate vs. load curve, i.e. an
infinite creep rate. Where appropriate load loss is used as criterion instead of creep rate, refer to. EN 1 997-1
3. 1 . 5
G e o te ch n ical se rvi ceabil ity l i mit sta te resi sta n ce
The load at which the creep rate  meets the li miting criterion in the form of a specific creep rate SLS or the load
corresponding to a characteristic point – the knee point – on the creep rate vs. load curve, termed the critical creep
load, refer to EN 1 997-1 .
3. 1 . 6
I n ve sti g a ti on te st
Load test to establish the geotechnical ult imate resistance of an anchor and to determin e the characteristic s of the
anchor in the working load range, (refer to EN 1 997-1 )
3. 1 . 7
P u l l -ou t re si sta n ce
Substitute term for the geotechnical ultimate limit state resistance

3. 1 . 8
P ro d u cti o n an ch or
Substitute term for a working anchor

3. 1 . 9
P ro o f l o a d
Maximum test load to which an anchor is subjected in a particular load test
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3. 1 . 1 0
S u i ta bi li ty test
Load test to confirm that a particular anchor design will be adequate in particular ground conditions
(refer to EN 1 997-1 )
3. 1 . 1 1
Te st a n ch o r
Sacrificial anchor installed for testing purposes only

3. 1 . 1 2
W o rki n g an ch or
Anchor that forms part of the anchored structure and also referred to as a production anchor. Not suitable for
investigation tests
3 . 2 Symb o l s
At Cross sectional area of anchor tendon

Et Elastic modulu s of anchor tendon
f Friction loss as a percentage of Pp
ftk characteristic tensile strength, also referred to as fuk in EN 1 993
ft0,1 k characteristic yield stress corresponding the 0,1 % yield strain = fyk
ft0,2k characteristic yield stress corresponding the 0,2 % yield strain = fyk
kl Load loss
kl;ULS permissible cumulative loss of load over specified time period, used to determine ultimate limit state resistance
of an anchor
kl;SLS permissible cumulative loss of load over specified time period, used to determine serviceability limit state
resistance of an anchor
Lapp Apparent tendon free length
Lce Length of compression element (refer EN 1 537)
Le External length of tendon measured from the tendon anchorage in the anchor head to the anchorage
point in the stressing jack (refer EN 1 537)
Lfixed Fixed anchor length
Lfree Free anchor length
Ltb Tendon bond length
Ltf Tendon free length
Pa Datum load

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Pc Critical creep load

Po Anchor lock-off load
Pp Proof load
RULS:m Measured value of the geotechnical resistance of an anchor complying with the ultimate limit state criteria
RSLS:m Measured value of the geotechnical resistance of an anchor complying with the serviceability limit state
criteria
s Tendon head displacement
t Time
 Slope of “creep displacement vs. decimal logarithm of time” plot, creep rate, creep displacement rate
ULS Limit criterion of  in ULS

SLS Limit criterion of  in SLS
1 Limit of  by test method 1
3 Limit of  by test method 3
P Difference between proof load and datum load
Pf Friction loss
s Measured displacement of the tendon head produced by load increment P

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Ke y
1 anchorage point at jack during stressing

2 anchorage point at anchor head in service
3 tensioning element at anchor head
4 bearing plate
5 load transfer block
6 structural element
7 trumpet or anchor head tube
8 O-Ring
9 soil/rock
10 borehole
11 debonding sleeve
12 tendon
13 fixed length grout body
14 free length filling where appropriate
Fi g u re 1 — S ke tch o f a bo n d type g rou n d a n ch o r – De ta i l s o f a n ch or h e a d a n d h e a d
pro te cti on om i tte d (re fe r EN 1 537)

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Ke y
1 anchorage point at jack during stressing

2 anchorage point at anchor head in service
3 tensioning element at anchor head
4 bearing plate
5 load transfer block
6 structural element
7 trumpet or anchor head tube
8 O - Ring
9 soil/rock
10 borehole
11 debonding sleeve
12 tendon
13 fixed length grout body
14 free length filling where appropriate
15 compression element
Fi g u re 2 — S ke tch o f a co m pre ssi o n type g ro u n d a n ch o r - De ta i l s o f a n ch o r h e a d a n d h e a d
prote cti o n o m i tte d (re fe r EN 1 537)

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4 E q u i pme n t
4 . 1 Te s t l o a d i n g s e t -u p
(1 ) The principal components of a test loading system are a stressing device, a reaction system and equipment for the
measurement and recording of loads, displacement and tim e. Other equipment may include devices for the
measurement and recording of ambient temperature.
(2) The test loading system shall be designed to operate safely up to the proof load
NOTE A schematic illustration of a loading system is presented in Figures 3 an d 4. Where possible it is better to measure the
load betw een the loading device and the bearing plate to avoid the determination of the friction in the jack.
Ke y
1 Displacement monitorin g
2 Stressing device
3 Load monitoring system (pressure gauge mounted on jack) to ensure load is kept constant
4 Reaction system/structure
5 Tendon
6 Hydraulic system (pump)
NOTE The reaction system/structure can be monitored separately
Fi g u re 3 — S ch e m a ti c i l l u stra ti o n sh o w i n g typi ca l m e th o d o f m e a su ri n g te n d on d i spl a ce m e n t
fro m a n i n d e pe n d e n t d a tu m

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Ke y
1 Displacement monitorin g of reaction system (dial gauge reference to jack body)

2 Stressing device
3 Load monitoring system (pressure gauge mounted on jack), to measure load loss
5 Tendon
Fi g u re 4 — S ch emati c sh owin g typical meth od o f m easu ri n g te n do n l o a d l o ss u si n g a pre ssu re g a u g e , w i th
re a cti o n syste m d e form a ti o n m e a su re m e n t fro m a n i n d e pe n d e n t d a tu m

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Ke y
1 Displacement monitoring of structure (two dial gauges on centre axis, each side of bearing plate)
2 Multiple jacks acting as stressing device for staggered anchors
3 Load monitoring system (pressure gauge)
5 Tendon
7 Displacement monitoring system, comprising long stroke digital Vernier gauge or similar
Fi g u re 5 — S ch e m a ti c sh o w i n g typi ca l m e th o d o f m e a su ri n g te n d o n d i spl a ce m e n t o n
sta g g e re d a n ch ors, u si n g l on g stro ke V e rn i e r g a u g e

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
4 . 2 Re a c t i o n s ys t e m
(1 ) The reaction system shall be designed to have a structural resis tance at least equal to the proof load.
(2) The reaction system should be designed not to impose excessive loads to the ground, which may cause
detrimental deformation or settlement.
(3) In case of load loss measurement, monitoring of the reaction system should be performed to determine the
displacement of the reaction structure itself during testing.
4 . 3 Lo a d i n g d e vi ce
(1 ) The loading device, normally a hydraulic ally operated jack, shall have a capacity at least greater than the proof
load.
(2) The extension of the jack shall be greater than the sum of the displacement of the anchor head under the proof
load and the displacement of the reaction system. In cases where a single jack cannot provide the necessary
extension, suitable equipment (e.g. mult iple jacks placed in series) shall be used.
(3) The equipment (hydraulic jack, pumping unit, etc.) shall be capable of safely tensioning the tendon smoothly and
axially, in accordance with the test procedure. The load shall not be applied or released quicker than 1 0 kN per
second.
(4) With the exception of staggered anchors, stressing equipment for bar and strand tendons shall tension the
complete tendon as a single unit . The stressing equipment for staggered anchors shall comply with EN 1 537 clause
8.4.5.
4 . 4 Lo a d me a s u re me nt
(1 ) The load may be measured either indirectly (e.g. by means of a calibrated pressure gauge, monitoring the
hydraulic pressure in the stressing device) or directly (e.g. by the use of a load cell).
(2) The required minimum accuracy for the measured load shall be the larger of 1 % of the measured value or 1 0kN.
Where relevant, the calibration test shall include the stressing device.
(3) Pressure gauges and load cells used to measure the load shall be calibrated within 1 year before carrying out the
test. The calibration certificates shall be made available for inspection on site at all times. Jacks shall be calibrated at
least annually, usin g properly designed test equipment.
4 . 5 Di s p l a c e me n t me a su re me nt
(1 ) The support for the displacement devices shall be remote from the stressing device and reaction system and be
sufficiently rigid so as not to be influenced by background vibrations. The test installation should be protected against
direct sunlight, and the measuring equipment from rain.
(2) Tendon head displacement shall be recorded following the application of the datum load.
(3) The precision of the measuring equipment shall be 0.5 mm or better for displacement measurements, and 0.01
mm for creep monitoring.
(4) The displacement measuring devices used, shall be calibrated within 1 year before carrying ou t the test.
(5) Displacement devices should be capable of monitoring the displacement of the anchor head, throughout the test,
without the need for resetting.
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(6) Where displacement measurements exceed those practic al by dial gauges, either cable actuated extension
measuring devices, from an independent datum, or digital Vernier gauges with a separate monitoring of the reaction
system, may be used.
4 . 6 Ti me a n d t e mp e ra tu re me a s ure me nt
(1 ) The accuracy of the measured time shall be appropriate to the test requirements.
NOTE The precision of the instru mentation should be sufficient to achieve th e accuracy required to assess adherence to
specified acceptance criteria.
(2) The accuracy of the measured temperature shall be  1 °C
5 T e st type s
5 . 1 I n v e st i ga ti on t e st ( I - te s t)
The purpose of an investigation test is:

 to identify the pull out resistance
 to identify a possible proof load for the suitability test and acceptance test
 to document the apparent tendon free length
 to identify the critical creep load (TM3)
5 . 2 Su i t a b i l i t y t e st ( S- te s t )
The purpose of a suitability test is:

 to document the ability to resist a proof load
 to assess the behaviour of the anchor system up to proof load in terms of creep rate or load loss
5 . 3 Ac c e p t a n ce t e s t ( A- t e st )
The purpose of an acceptance test is:

 to document the ability to resist a proof load
 to document the lock off load
6 E xe cu ti on
6 . 1 Te s t l o c a t i on
(1 ) The results of the site investigation shall be considered when selecting a test anchor location.
(2) Ground conditions at the test location shall be representative for the ground conditions of working anchors. The
test location shall be placed at the location with the least favourable results of the ground investigation for anchoring.
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6 . 2 Te s t a n c h o rs
(1 ) Investigation tests shall be carried out on test anchors which are not part of an actual structure, installed prior to
the installation of working anchors.
(2) The method used for the installation of test anchors shall be fully documented, as prescribed in EN 1 537.
(3) Test anchors shall be installed using the same installation procedures as working anchors.
(4) Test anchors shall have the same borehole diameter as the working anchors.
(5) Test anchors should have the same inclination as working anchors.
(6) Test anchors may have the same tendon as working anchors.
(7) Test anchors should have the same fixed length as working anchors. However, to ascertain the ult imate resistance
a shorter fixed length may be employed by I-tests alternatively to a stronger tendon, provided that supplementary S-
tests are carried out with same fixed length as the working anchors.
6 . 3 Ti me p e r i o d b e twe en i n st a l la t io n a n d t e s t
Between the installation of test anchors and the beginning of the test, adequate time shall be allowed to ensure that
the required strength of the anchor fixed length grout and the regeneration of ground strength are achieved.
6 . 4 Te s t p r e p a ra ti on
(1 ) Prior to commencement of the test, the preparation shall at least include:

a) Installation of measurement devices and checking their normal and safe functioning
b) Establishing a perimeter of safety around the test anchor
c) Installation of the stressing system and checking its normal and safe functioning (e.g. it shall be checked that
the stressing device is in the axis of the test anchor).
(2) The reference system shall be located in such a way that it is not affected by any displacement of the reaction
system and it shall be protected against climatic effects.
6 . 5 M a xi mu m t e s t l o ad
(1 ) The maximum test load, i.e. the proof load Pp shall be defined prior to the test.
(2) The tendon shall comply with the following limiting criteria, c.f. EN 1 997-1 , 8.5.4 (2)P:
Pp ≤ 0, 80 · Ptk = 0,80 · ftk · A t
Pp ≤ 0, 95 · Pt0,1 k = 0,95 · ft0,1 k · A t or 0,95 · Pt0,2k= 0,95 · ft0,2k · At respectively

where
ftk = the tensile strength = fuk
ft0,1 k and ft0,2k are both yield stresses fyk at 0,1 % and 0,2 % yield strain respectively
The smallest value is definitive.
(3) Whether Pt0,1 k or Pt0,2k shall be used depends on the applied steel quality. Values of ft0,1 k , ft0,2k and ftk for typically
steel types appear from Annex E.

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6 . 6 Da t u m l o a d
A datum load Pa shall be applied to min imise movement of the anchor test system on initial loading. Usually, this
datum load is taken equal to 50 kN or 1 0% of Pp, whichever is smaller.
6 . 7 G r o u p t e s t in g
(1 ) Group testing should comprise simultaneous suitability tests on three adjacent anchors.
(2) The group test is an investigation of possible adverse effect on adjacent anchors and does not relate directly to
overall stability.
6 . 8 O s c i l l a t i n g Lo a d Te st i ng
(1 ) When ground anchors have to be tested to oscillating loads, the magnitude of the upper load and lower load shall
be defined before the test.
(2) During the test, the anchor shall be subjected 20 times to oscillating load cycles between this upper and lower load.
The tendon head displacements shall be measured during the test, at least after each fifth cycle. Subsequently, the
anchor shall be unloaded to the datum load Pa and the permanent displacements resulting from the oscillating load
cycles shall be determined. The results of the oscillating load test shall be presented in an agreed format. The
increment of the displacement per load cycle must decrease by increasing number of load cycles, as illustrated on
Figure 6.
NOTE Oscillating load cycle testing is not representative of dynamic actions imposed on the anchor.
Ke y
x Load cycles n
y Displacement
1 Upper load
2 Lower load
Fi g u re 6 — Di spl a ce m e n t by cycl i c l o a d i n g

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
7 T e st re port
7 . 1 I n v e st i ga ti on a n d s u i ta bi l i ty t e s ts
(1 ) The test report should include:

a. Reference to all relevant standards
b. The following specifications concerning the anchor (see Record sheet of EN 1 537):
 Location, reference number and type of anchor
 Date of installation
 Observations related to the installation of the anchor, likely to have an influence on the test results
 Geometrical data of the anchor and mechanical properties of the anchor material
 Levels of the anchor head, the bottom of the fixed anchor length and the existing ground
c. The following factors concerning ground conditions
 Reference to the site investigation report
 Location of the closest geotechnical investigation profiles
 Ground conditions encountered during anchor installation
d. The following factors concerning the anchor test
 Reference of the organisation which has carried out the test
 Date of the test
 Value of the prescribed maximum proof load
 Characteristics of the loading system
 Description and identification of all monitoring systems and their components
 Sketch of the instrumentation of the test anchor
 Observations related to the execution of the test, likely to have an influence on the results (see EN 1 537)
e. The relevant graphical plots derived from the adopted test method
(2) The lock-off load shall be documented, for suitability tests.
(3) Tables of numerical values of the collected data shall be provided in the Annexes of the test report.
7 . 2 Ac c e p t a n ce t e s t
(1 ) The test report should include:

a. Reference to all relevant standards
b. The following specifications concerning the anchor (see Record sheet EN1 537)
Location, reference number and type of anchor
Date of installation
Observations related to the installation of the anchor, likely to have an influence on the test results
Geometrical data of the anchor and mechanical properties of the anchor material
Level of its top, its base and of the ground around it
c. The following factors concerning the anchor test

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Reference of the organisation which has carried out the test

Date of the test
Value of the prescribed proof load
d. The relevant graphical plots from the adopted test method where the criteria for the minimum observation
period is exceeded
(2) The lock-off load shall be documented
(3) Tables of numerical values of the collected data shall be provided in the Annexes of the test report
8 T e st me th od 1
8 . 1 G e n e r al
The anchor is loaded stepwise by one or more load cycles increasing from the datum load to the proof load (see
Figure 7). At each load step the displacement of the anchorage point shall be measured during a fixed time period .
Ke y
x Anchor load
y Displacement
Fi g u re 7 — Ex a m pl e o f l o a d -d i spl a ce m e n t cu rve by su i ta bi l i ty te st o n a pe rm a n e n t a n ch o r
i n n on -coh e si ve so i l a n d ro ck
NOTE The creep behaviour of th e anchor and the extension of the tendon by loading are used for evaluation of the behaviour
of the anchor. See Annex A.

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
8 . 2 I n v e st i ga ti on t e st
(1 ) An investigation test according to test method 1 is a test in which an axial load is applied incrementally in cycles to
a grouted anchor up to a maximum test load Pp, which is designed to reach failure of the grout-ground interface. The
test should be based on six cycles. At the maximum load of each cycle the load is maintained constant during a
specified period of time. The test involves measurement of tendon head displacement versus applied load and, for
each load step, measurement of tendon head displacement versus time.
NOTE: The target of Pp is based on best assessment. This is the reason, w hy six cycles may not be reached.
(2) If the anchor fails before the six cycles have been executed, the test is completed.
8. 2. 1 Lo a d i n g proced ure
(1 ) The anchor should be loaded from the datum load Pa to the maximum proof load PP in a minimum of six
cycles (Figure 8). The maxim um load for each cycle is specified in Table 1. In each cycle, the maximum load shall be
reached in stages. The loading stages shall be Pa - 0,40 Pp – 0,55 Pp - 0,70 Pp - 0,80 Pp - 0,90 Pp and 1 ,00 Pp, as
shown in Figure 8. Incremental loads are to be held for at least one minute. Maximum load in each cycle are to be
maintained for at least the duration stated in Table 1 .
(2) Subsequently, the anchor shall be unloaded to the datum load using the same loading stages. The observation
times for unloading stages shall be not less than 1 minute.
(3) The load shall not be applied or released quicker than 1 0 kN per second .
Fi g u re 8 — Loa d i n g se q u e n ce fo r i n ve sti g a ti o n te st fo r n o n -co h e si ve so i l a n d ro ck

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Ta bl e 1 — Loa d i n g se q u e n ce fo r i n ve sti g a ti o n te st
Cycle Maximum load Minimum observation period at maximum load (min)

Non-cohesive soil and rock Cohesive soil
0 Pa * 1 1
1 0,40 Pp 15 15
2 0,55 Pp 15 15
3 0,70 Pp 30 60
4 0,80 Pp 30 60
5 0,90 Pp 30 60
6 1 ,00 Pp 60 1 80
* The datum load Pa should be min. of 0,1 Pp, or 50 kN
8. 2. 2 M e a su re ments a n d ch ecks
(1 ) The displacement of the tendon head shall be measured at every load and unload stage. Tendon head
displacement shall be measured immediately upon application of incremental loads and at one minute intervals
thereafter. At the maximum load of the cycle, when the test load is constant, the displacement shall be measured
over the observation period, at time intervals such as:
1 →2→3→ 4→5→ 7→1 0 →1 5→ 20→30→4 5→60→90→ 1 20 → 1 50→1 80 (minutes)
NOTE The periodicity of the measurements may be adapted to conditions of the test.
(3) At the highest load of each cycle, the value of α shall be checked. The results will be shown on a semi-logarithmic
diagram (Annex A, Figure A.1 ). The observation times for loading stages reached for the first tim e shall be extended
if the creep rate  cannot be clearly determined.
NOTE Guidance on the determination of  is given in Annex A
(4) A recommended value of the limiting crit erion of  (termed 1 by test method 1 ) identifying the pull-out resistance
RULS,m is stated in EN 1 997-1 . 1 may be set by the national Annex to EN 1 997-1 .
8. 2. 3 Te st re su l ts
(1 ) Measurements taken during the test shall be presented graphically in the following plots:
plot of tendon head displacement versus anchor load at the end of each cycle (Figure 1 1 );
plot of tendon head displacement versus log time at the highest load of each cycle (Figure 1 2);
plot of the creep rate α versus anchor load (Figure 9).
(2) Based on the collected data, the following parameters shall be determined:
 measured anchor pull-out resistance RULS,m (from Figure 9 based on limit of  = 1 as stated in the National
Annex for EN 1 997-1 )
 calculated apparent tendon free length Lapp (Annex D).
(3) The measured pull-out resistance RULS;m of an anchor is reached when the creep rate α exceeds the limiting value
given in EN 1 997-1 (i.e. α1 for TM1 )
NOTE In cases w here  does not exceed the given limitin g value in EN 1 997-1 during the test, the measured pullout
resistance RULS;m shall be defined as the maximum test load

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Ke y
X % of target value pf Pp
Y  mm
Fi g u re 9 — P l ot o f  ve rsu s a n ch o r l o a d , e x a m pl e i n ve sti g a ti o n te st
(pull out resistance was reached before target value of Pp)

8 . 3 Su i t a b i l i t y t e st
A suitability test according to method 1 is a test in which an axial load is applied incrementally in at least five cycles to
a ground anchor up to a proof load Pp to confirm that a particular anchor design will be adequate in particular ground
conditions. At the maximum load of each cycle the load is maintained constant durin g a specified period. The test
invol ves measurement of tendon head displacement versus applied load and, for each load step, measurement of
tendon head displacement versus time.
8. 3. 1 Loa d i n g proced ure
(1 ) The anchor should be loaded from the datum load Pa to the proof load in a minimum of five cycles (Figure 1 0).
The maximum load for each cycle is specified in Table 2. In each cycle, the maximum load shall be reached in stages.
The loading stages shall be Pa - 0,40 Pp – 0,55 Pp - 0,70 Pp - 0,85 Pp and 1 ,00 Pp, as shown in Figure 1 0.
Incremental loads are to be held for at least one minute. Maximum loads in each cycle are to be maintained for at least
the duration stated in Table 2.
(2) Subsequently, the anchor shall be unloaded to the datum load using the same loading stages. The observation
times for unloading stages shall be 1 minute..
(3) The load shall not be applied or released quicker than 1 0 kN per second .

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Fi g u re 1 0 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce fo r su i ta bi l i ty te st o f a pe rm a n e n t a n ch o r i n co h e si ve so i l
Ta bl e 2 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce for su i ta bi l i ty te st
Minimum observation period at maximum load (minutes)

Cycle Maximum load Temporary anchor Permanent anchor
non-cohesive cohesive soil non-cohesive cohesive soil
soil and rock soil and rock
0 Pa 1 1 1 1
1 0,40 Pp 1 1 15 15
2 0,55 Pp 1 1 15 15
3 0,70 Pp 5 5 30 60
4 0,85 Pp 5 5 30 60
5 1 ,00 Pp 30 60 60 1 80
The datum load Pa should be min. of 0,1 Pp, or 50 kN
(1 ) The dis placement of the tendon head shall be measured at every loading and unloading stage. Tendon head
displacement shall be measured immediately upon application of incremental loads and at one minute intervals
thereafter. At the maximum load of the cycle, when the test load is constant, the displacement shall be measured
over the observation period, at time intervals such as:
1 →2→3→ 4→5→ 7→1 0→1 5→ 20→30→4 5→60→90→ 1 20 → 1 50→1 80 (minutes)
(2) At the highest load of each cycle, the value of α shall be checked. The results will be shown on a semi-logarit hmic
diagram as Figure 1 2.
(3) The observation periods stated in Table 2 shall be extended if the displacement lim it for the minimum observation
period given in Table 3 is exceeded:

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Ta bl e 3 — P
M i n i m u m a n d e x te n d e d o bse rva ti on pe ri od s a t p
Temporary anchors Permanent anchors

non-cohesive cohesive non-cohesive cohesive
soil and rock soil soil and rock soil
Proof load acc. to NA for EN 1 997-1 Pp Pp Pp Pp
Test with min. observation period by

complying with the criterion:
ta in minutes 10 20 20 60
tb in minutes 30 60 60 1 80
Displacement ∆s = sb – sa in mm ≤ 0, 5 ≤ 0, 5 ≤ 0, 5 ≤ 0, 5
Test with extended observation period:
ta in minutes
tb in minutes ≥ 60 ≥ 1 20 ≥ 1 20 ≥ 720
Creep rate *  in mm ≤ 1 ≤ 1 ≤ 1 ≤ 1
*  is determined by taking ta from the linear part of the time displacement curve, acc. to figure A.1
(4) Tendon head displacement shall be recorded during the extended observation period at intervals of 1 0 minutes.
The test can be terminated once the creep rate  can be clearly determined. By extended observation time the creep
rate α has to be smaller than or equal to the limit 1 stated in the National Annex for EN 1 997-1 .
(5) The measured pull-out resistance RULS;m of an anchor may be reached by a suitability test when the creep rate 
exceeds the value (1 ) given in EN1 997-1 . If the criterion 1 is exceeded before reaching the proof load Pp during the
suitability test of an anchor, the design anchor load for all anchors covered by the test shall be determined on the
basis of the (lower) test load, by which the creep rate complies with the requirement. Otherwise, additional suitabil ity
tests shall be carried out (e.g. on anchors with improved construction procedure).
(6) The elastic displacement measured referring to apparent tendon free length Lapp shall be between the boundary
lines at the load level  0,7 PP, see Figure 1 1 .
 plot of tendon head displacement versus anchor load at the end of each cycle (Figure 1 1 );
 plot of tendon head displacement versus log time at the highest load of each cycle (Figure 1 2);
 plot of the creep rate α versus anchor load (Figure 1 3);
 α value at the proof load Pp, (Figure 1 2 and Annex A)
 measured anchor pull-out resistance RULS,m , if reached

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Ke y
1 Anchor load 2 Displacement, s

3 Elastic displacement 4 Plastic displacement
top: load-displacement curve
bottom: elastic and plastic displacement and boundary lines a and b of displacement at Lapp
The boundary lines a and b represent the upper and lower value of elastic displacement behaviour correspondin g to
upper and lower limit of Lapp according to EN 1 537, clause 9.8.2
Line c represents the elastic elongation of the anticipated tendon free length incl. the external length, Ltf + Le
Fi g u re 1 1 — P l o t o f te n d on h e a d d i spl a ce m e n t ve rsu s a n ch o r l oa d a t th e e n d of e a ch cycl e

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Ke y
1 Time in minutes, log scale

2 Displacement in mm, linear scale
Fi g u re 1 2 — P l o t o f d e fo rm a ti o n ve rsu s l og ti m e , e x a m pl e su i ta bi l i ty te st

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Ke y
x Anchor load, relative to Pp

y Creep rate,  in mm
Fi g u re 1 3 — Pl ot of α ve rsu s a n ch o r l o a d , e x a m pl e su i ta bi l i ty te st
An acceptance test according to method 1 is a test in which an axial load is applied incrementally in at least 5 steps to
a ground anchor up to a proof load Pp to confirm that a particular anchor meets the design requirements. At the proof
load Pp, the load is main tained constant during a specified period of tim e. The test involves measurement of tendon
head dis placement versus applied load for each load step, and at the proof load Pp, measurement of tendon head
displacement versus time.
NOTE Where appropriate an in itial load cycle up to the proof load before the test starts, may be applied to reduce friction in
the tendon. Displacement should be recorded at each increment.
(1 ) The anchor should be loaded from the datum load Pa to the proof load in a minimum of five load steps (Figure
1 4). The loading stages shall be Pa - 0,40 Pp – 0,55 Pp - 0,70 Pp - 0,85 Pp and 1 ,00 Pp, as shown in Figure 1 4 and
stated in Table 4. The load stages are to be held for at least one minute. The proof load is to be maintained for at least
the duration stated in Table 4.
(2) On completion, the anchor shall be unloaded to the datum load Pa and the residual anchor head displacement
shall be recorded. After this, the anchor shall be stressed up to the Lock off load P0 and the anchor shall be locked off.
(3) The load shall not be applied or released quicker than 1 0 kN per second.

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Fi g u re 1 4 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce for a cce pta n ce te st i n co h e si ve so i l
Ta bl e 4 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce fo r a cce pta n ce te st (M e th od 1 )
Load Minimum duration of observation period (minutes)

step Maximum load non-cohesive soil and rock cohesive soil
0 Pa 1 1
1 0,40 Pp 1 1
2 0,55 Pp 1 1
3 0,70 Pp 1 1
4 0,85 Pp 1 1
5 1 ,00 Pp 5 15
The datum load Pa should be min. of 0,1 Pp, or 50 kN
(1 ) The displacement of the tendon head shall be measured at every load and unload stage. Tendon head
displacement shall be measured immediately upon application of incremental loads. At the proof load when the test
load is constant, the displacement shall be measured over the observation period, at time intervals such as:
1 →2→3→4→5→7→1 0→1 5 (minutes)
(2) The observation periods stated in Table 4 shall be extended if the displacement limit for minimum observation
period given in Table 5 is exceeded. Then the value of  shall be checked.

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Ta bl e 5 — P
M i n i m u m a n d e x te n d e d o bse rva ti o n pe ri o d s a t p
Permanent and temporary anchors

non-cohesive soil and rock cohesive soil
Proof load acc. to NA for EC7-1 Pp Pp
Test with min. observation period by

complying with the criterion:
ta in minutes 2 5
tb in minutes 5 15
Displacement: ∆s = sb – sa in mm ≤ 0, 2 ≤ 0, 25
Test with extended observation period:
ta in minutes
tb in minutes ≥ 15 ≥ 30
Creep rate *  in mm ≤ 1 ≤ 1
*  is determined by taking ta from the linear part of the time displacement curve, acc. to figure A.1
(2) Tendon head displacement shall be recorded during the extended observation period at intervals of 5 minutes.
NOTE Guidance on the determination of  is given in Annex A.
(1 ) Measurements taken during the test shall be presented in numbers

 tendon head displacement at the end of each load step versus anchor load;
 tendon head displacement versus time over the duration that Pp is applied.
 α value at the proof load Pp (only if necessary when the requirements given in 8.4.2 (2) are not
fulfilled in the test);
 the apparent tendon free length Lapp by unloading from Pp to Pa (Annex D).

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
9 T e st me th od 2
9 . 1 G e n e r al
The anchor is loaded stepwis e by load cycles increasing from a datum load to the proof load. At each load step the
load loss in the anchor shall be measured during a fixed time period.
9 . 2 I n v e st i ga ti on t e st
(1 ) An investigation test according to method 2 is a test in whic h an axial load is applied incrementally in cycles to a
grouted anchor up to a maximum test load Pp which should not exceed the li mits specified in EN 1 997-
1 :2004+A1:201 3, 8.5.4(2)P. The test should be based on six cycles. Pp is determined to check the resis tance of the
ground-grout interface. At the maximum load of each cycle, the anchor head displacement relative to the structure is
held constant and load loss measured during a specified period. The anchor head is fixed against a load cell or an
inactive jack to facilitate the measurement of load loss.
NOTE The target of Pp is based on best assessment. This is the reason, w hy six cycles may not be reached.
(2) If the anchor fails before the six cycles have been executed, the test is completed.
(1 ) The loading procedure shown in Figure 1 5 and Table 6 should be followed for conducting Investigation tests.
Where appropriate, the final load cycle should be repeated to provide a measured check on load- displacement
behaviour and reproducibility.
(2) For ground conditions where previous anchoring knowledge is available, it is allowed to load the anchor up to
70% Pp in accordance with the third cycle in Table 6.
(3) If the cumulative load loss At Pp, after 50 minutes observation period, , after allowance for temperature, structural
movements and relaxation of the tendon, exceeds the limits specified in national annex to EN 1 997-1 :2004+A1 :2013,
the test is completed.
(1 ) Prior to commencement of the test, it shall be ensured that external sources do not disturb the normal functioning
of the measurement equipment.
(2) The following measurement procedure shall be followed for performing investigation tests:
a) During the stressing stage, at the highest load of each cycle, the value of the load loss kl at the anchor
head shall at least be recorded at the following times, depending on the duration of the load application
0→5→ 1 5→50→1 50 →1 500 (min)
b) Where relevant, the dis placement of the reaction system shall be recorded at least at the end of each l oad
step.
(3) At the highest load of each cycle, the value of kl shall be checked.
(4) At the load step, the stressing and reaction devices shall be visually inspected in order to detect any degradation.
(5) At each load step, the stability of the installation shall be ensured.

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Fi g u re 1 5 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce fo r i n ve sti g a ti o n te st
Ta bl e 6 — Loa d i n g se q u e n ce fo r i n ve sti g a ti o n te st
Load levels (% Pp) Minimum period of

observation (min)
Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Cycle 5 Cycle 6
10 10 10 10 10 10 1
20 30 40 40 40 40 1
30 40 55 70 80 90 1
40 50 70 80 90 1 00 1 5,50 or 1 500
30 40 55 70 80 90 1
20 30 40 40 40 40 1
10 10 10 10 10 10 1
NOTE It is recommended that load-displacement results should be plotted as the test proceeds. In
this w ay it should be possible to observe trends and, in particular, the yield of the fixed anchor as failure
approaches.

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
 load loss versus time at the end of each load step;
 load loss versus log time at the highest load of each cycle
 load loss versus anchor load
 anchor pull-out resistance RULS;m
9 . 3 Su i t a b i l i t y t e st
A suitability test according to method 2 is a test in which an axial load is applied incrementally in at least three cycles
to a ground anchor up to a proof load Pp to confirm that a partic ular anchor design will be adequate in particular
ground conditions. At the highest load of cycles 2 and 3, the anchor head displacement relative to the structure is held
constant. The test involves measurement of load loss, after lock-off, during a specified period.
(1 ) The loading procedure shown in Figure 1 6 and Table 7 should be followed for conducting suitability tests.
(2) Each stage loading in the second and third cycles should be held for 1 minute and the dis placement recorded at
the beginning and end of each period. At proof loads, this period is extended to at least 1 5 minutes with an
intermediate reading at 5 minutes. On completion of the third cycle, reload in one operation to the service load and
lock-off. Reread the load immediately after lock-off to establish the initial residual load. This moment represents zero
time for monitoring load displacement-time behaviour (4)
(3) If the proof load has been reduced by more than limits specified in national annex to EN 1 997-1 :2004+A1:201 3
during the 1 5 minutes, after allowing for any temperature changes and movements of the anchored structure, then the
anchor should be subjected to two further proof load cycles and the behaviour recorded. If the limit specified in
national annex to EN 1 997-1 :2004+A1 :201 3 is exceeded in either cycle, then the proof load should be reduced to a
value at which compliance with this clause may be achieved.
(4) If, at the lock-off load, the rate of load loss is greater than limits specified in national annex to EN 1 997-
1 :2004+A1:201 3 per log cycle of time interval, after allowing for temperature, structural movements and relaxation of
the tendon, the test should be extended by monitoring up to 1 500 minutes or until the rate of load loss, in accordance
with EN 1 997-1 :2004+A1 :201 3, becomes acceptable.

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Fi g u re 1 6 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce fo r su i ta bi l i ty te st
Ta bl e 7 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce for su i ta bi l i ty te st

observation (min)
Cycle 1 a Cycle 2 and 3
10 10 1
40 40 1
80 80 1
1 00 1 00 15
80 80 1
40 40 1
10 10 1
a Forthis load cycle, there is no pause other than necessary for the
recording of displacement data.
of the measurement equipment
(2) The following measurements procedure shall be followed for performing suitability tests:
a) During the stressing stage, the displacement should be recorded at the beginning and end of each period

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
b) At the highest load of each cycle, if necessary, and after lock-off, the value of the load loss kl at the anchor
head shall at least be recorded at the following times, depending on the duration of the load application:
0→5→ 1 5→50→1 50 (min)
Where relevant, the displacement of the reaction system shall be recorded at least at the end of each load step.
(3) At the highest load of ach cycle, the value of kl shall be checked.
NOTE Guidance on the permissible cumulative loss of load kl is given in the national annex to EN1 997-1 :2004 +A1 :201 3
(4) At each load step, the stressing and reaction devices shall be visually inspected in order to detect any degradation.
(6) As an alternative to the above measurement procedure, displa cement-time data may be monitored

 load loss at the end of each load step versus time;
 load loss versus time over the duration that Pp is applied.
An acceptance test according to method 2 is a test in which an axial load is applied incrementally in 2 cycles to a
ground anchor up to a proof load Pp to confirm that a particular anchor meets the design requirements. At the highest
load of cycle 2, the tendon head displacement relative to the structure is held constant. The test invol ves
measurement of load loss, after lock-off, during a specified period.
NOTE Acceptance tests are compulsory for all pre-stressed grouted anchors (EN 1 997-1 ).
(1 ) The loading procedure shown in Figure 1 7 and Table 8 should be followed for conducting acceptance test.
(2) Each stage loading in the second cycle should be held for 1 minute and the dis placement recorded at the
beginning and end of each period. At proof loads, this period is extended to at least 1 5 minutes with an intermediate
reading at 5 minutes. On completion of the second cycle, reload in one operation to the service load and lock-off.
Reread the load immediately after the lock-off to establish the initial residual load. This moment represents zero time
for monitoring load displacement-time behaviour (4).
(3) If the proof load has been reduced by more than the limit specified in national annex to EN 1 997-1 :2004+A1:201 3
during the 1 5 minutes, after allowing for any temperature changes and movements of the anchored structure, then the
anchor should be subjected to two further proof load cycles and the behaviour recorded. If the limit specified in
national annex to EN 1 997-1 :2004+A1 :201 3 is exceeded in either cycle, then the proof load should be reduced to a
value at which compliance with this clause may be achieved.
(4) If, at the initial residual load, the rate of load loss is greater than limit specified in national annex to EN 1 997-
1 :2004+A1:201 3 per log cycle of time interval, after allowing for temperature, structural movements and relaxation of

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
the tendon, the test should be extended by monit oring to 50 minutes or until the rate of load loss, in accordance with
EN 1 997-1 :2004 +A1 :201 3, becomes acceptable.
(5) If, at the proof load, the load is not reduced by more than limit specified in national annex to EN 1 997-
1 :2004+A1:201 3 per log cycle of time interval, then the load displacement-time behaviour monitoring at the initial
residual load can be omitted.
(7) Where there is significant friction in the tendon free length, a partial cycle may be performed to determine the no-
friction curve, to be able to calculate the apparent tendon free length more accurately (see also Annex D).
(8) Restressing or constant load methods may be used to monitor the displacement at the initial residual load.
Fi g u re 1 7 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce for a cce pta n ce te st

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Ta bl e 8 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce fo r a cce p ta n ce te st

observation (min)
Cycle 1 a Cycle 2
10 10 1
40 40 1
80 80 1
1 00 1 00 15
80 80 1
40 40 1
10 10 1
a Forthis load cycle, there is no pause other than necessary for the
recording of displacement data.
(2) The following measurement procedure shall be following for performing acceptance tests:
a) During the stressing stage, at the highest load of cycle 2 and after lock-off, the value of the load loss kl at the
anchor head shall at least be recorded at the following times:
0→5→ 1 5 (min)
NOTE Where relevant (e.g extended observation) the control of the load loss should be performed w ith a periodic ity less
than the successive monitoring times indicated above.
b) Where relevant, the displacement of the reaction system shall be recorded at least at the end of each load
step.
(3) At the highest load of cycle 2, the value of kl shall be checked.

NOTE Guidance on the permissible cumulative loss of load kl is given in the national annex to EN1 997-1 :2004+A1 :201 3
(6) As an alternative to the above measurement procedure, displacement-time data may be monitored commencing at
the Proof load (Pp) for a period of 1 5 minutes. If the rate displacement has not reached an acceptable value after
allowing for temperature, structural movements and relaxation of tendon, the test shall be extended by monitoring at
50 minutes or until the rate of displacement becomes acceptable.

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)

 load loss at the end of each load step versus time;
 load loss versus time over the duration that Pp is applied.
10 T e st me th od 3
1 0. 1 G e n e r al
The anchor is loaded in incremental steps from a datum load to a maximum load. The displacement of the anchorage
point is measured under maintained load at each loading step.
1 0. 2 I n v e st i ga ti on t e st
An investigation test according to method 3 is a test in which an axial load is applied by step to a ground anchor up to
a maximum test load Pp, which is designed to reach failure of the interaction ground-anchor. Each load is maintained
constant during a specified period of tim e. The test involves measurement of tendon head displacement versus
applied load and, for each load step, measurement of tendon head displacement versus time.
1 0. 2. 1 Lo a d i n g proced ure
(1 ) The loading procedure shown in Figure 1 8 and Table 9 should be followed for conducting investigation tests.
(3) A loading stage lasts normally for 60 minutes. It may be reduced to 30 minutes, if the value of  is less than 1 mm,
only for loads up to 70% Pp.
NOTE Guidance on the determination of  is given in Annex A.
(4) A loading stage may be stopped when the value of  reaches 3, c.f. EN 1997-1 +A1 :201 3, Table A.21 The
national annex for EN 1 997-1 may state a value of 3
(5) The final unloading will be done step by step wit h 0,2 Pp decrements. At each step, the load will be maintained
constant for the time necessary to make all readings.
(6) It is useful to know the total friction on the anchor to determine the effective load at the top of the fixed anchor
length. This can be achieved by adding one cycle, starting at 70% Pp down to 1 0% of Pp and back to 70% Pp with
unloading and reloading steps of 1 0% of Pp.

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Fi g u re 1 8 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce for i n ve sti g a ti o n te st
Ta bl e 9 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce fo r i n ve sti g a ti o n te st
Load increments
Loading step Datum 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Applied load (% Pp) Pa 25 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 00
Period of observation (min) 0 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
1 0. 2. 2 M e a su re ments a n d ch ecks
(1 ) Prior to commencement of the test, it shall be ensured that external sources do not bring important dis turbances to
measurement and normal functioning of the measurement equipment shall be checked.
(2) The following measurement procedure shall be followed for performing investigation tests:
a) At each step, the time origin is taken immediately when the expected load is reached
b) During the stressing stage, at each load step, if necessary, the load and the tendon head-dis placement shall
at least be recorded at the successive monitoring times, as indicated below:
0→1 →2→ 3→4→5→7→1 0→1 5→20→30→45→60 (min)
NOTE Where relevan t, the control of the load an d of th e tendon head-displacement should be performed w ith a periodicity
less than the successive monitoring times indicated above.
c) During the de-stressing stage, the load and the anchor head-displacement shall be recorded at least at the
end of each step and five minutes after the total de-stressing
d) Where relevant, the displacement of the reaction system shall be recorded at least at the end of each load
step

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
(3) At each load step, the value of  shall be checked.

(5) At each load, the stabilit y of the installation shall be ensured.
1 0. 2. 3 Te st re su l ts
(1 ) Based on the collected data, at least the following relationships shall be plotted:
 plot of “tendon head displacement versus anchor load” at the beginning and at the end of each load step;
 plot of “tendon head displacement versus time” for each load step;
 plot of “α versus anchor lo ad.
(2) Based on the collected data, at least the following characteristics shall be determined:
 critical creep load Pc;
 anchor pull-out resistance RULS;m;
 calculated apparent tendon free length Lapp.
NOTE Guidance on the determination of Pc is given in Annex C.
(3) The anchor pull-out resistance RULS;m may be determined as indicated in Figure 1 9.

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Fi g u re 1 9 — De te rm i n a ti o n o f th e a n ch or pu l l -o u t re si sta n ce (I n ve sti g a ti o n te st)
NOTE The anchor pull-out resistance RULS;m is the load corresponding to the vertical asymptote of the “  vs. anchor load” plot.
If the asymptote cannot be easily determined, it may be considered that RULS;m for method 3 is the load corresponding to  = 3,
w hich can be found in EN1 997-1 +A1 :201 3, Table A.21 , or in the National Annex.
1 0. 3 Su i t a b i l i t y t e st
A suit ability test according to method 3 is a test in which an axial load is applied by step to a ground anchor up
to a proof load Pp to confirm that a particular anchor design will be adequate in particular ground conditions. Each
load is maintained constant during a specified period. The test involves measurement of tendon head displacement
versus applied load and, for each load step, measurement of tendon head displacement versus time.
(1 ) The loading procedure shown in Figure 20 and Table 1 0 should be followed for conducting suitability test.
(3) A loading stage may be stopped at 30 minutes if the value of  is less than 1 mm.
(4) A loading stage may be stopped when the value of  reaches 3 c.f. EN 1 997-1+A1:201 3, Table A21 . The national
annex for EN 1 997-1 may state a value of 3.
(5) During the final de-stressing, the load shall be maintained constant at least at 0,75 Pp, 0,50 Pp, 0,25 Pp and 0,1 Pp
during the time necessary to make all readings at each step.
(6) The total friction on the anchor, which determines the effective load at the top of the tendon bond length, may be
obtained by adding one cycle starting from 70% Pp, down to 1 0% Pp and back to 70% Pp, with unloading and reloading
steps of 1 5% Pp or less.

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Fi g u re 20 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce fo r su i ta bi l i ty te st
Ta bl e 1 0 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce for su i ta bi l i ty Te st M e th o d 3
Load increments
Loading step Datum 1 2 3 4 5 6
Applied load (% Pp) Pa 25 40 55 70 85 1 00
Period of observation (min) 0 60 60 60 60 60 60
(2) The following measurement procedure shall be followed for performing suitability tests:
a) At each step, the time origin is taken immediately when the expected load is reached;
b) During the stressing stage, at each load step, if necessary, the load and the anchor head displacement shall
at least be recorded at the successive monitoring times, as indicated below:
0→1 →2→ 3 →4→ 5→7→ 1 0 → 1 5→ 20 →30→ 45→60 (min)
NOTE Where relevant, the control of th e load and of the tendon head displacement sh ould be performed w ith a periodicity
less than the successive monitoring times indicated above.
c) During the de-stressing stage, the load and the anchor head-displacement shall be recorded at least at the
end of each step and five minutes after the total de-stressing.
d) Where relevant, the displacement of the reaction system shall be recorded at least at the end of each load
step.
(3) At each load step, the value of  shall be checked.

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
1 ) Based on the collected data, at least the following relationships shall be graphed:
 plot of “tendon head displacement versus anchor load” at the beginning and at the end of each load step;
 plot of “tendon head displacement versus time” for each load step;
 plot of “ versus anchor load or fixed anchor load, when possible”.
 α value at the proof load,
1 0. 4 Ac c e p t a n ce t e s t
An acceptance test according to method 3 is a test in which an axial load is applied by step to a ground anchor up to
a proof load Pp to confirm that a particular anchor meets the design requirements. Each load is maintained constant
only during the necessary time to perform the measurement (extension of the tendon head, load). At the proof load
the measurement of the extension of the tendon head versus time during a specified time is recorded.
(1 ) The loading procedure shown in Figure 20 and Tables 1 1 and 1 2 should be followed for conducting acceptance
test.
(2) The load shall not be applied or leased quicker than 1 0kN per second.
(3) At proof load, the value of  shall be checked.
(4) An unloading-reloading cycle may be performed to determine the no-friction curve, which enables calculation of the
apparent tendon free length more accurately (see also Annex D) and also the existing load at lock-off at the top of the
fixed length. This cycle may be partial (down to 70% Pp) or completely (down to Pa).

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
Ke y
1 Lock-off load after acceptance test without cycle

2 Lock-off load after acceptance test with cycle
Fi g u re 21 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce for a cce pta n ce te st
Ta bl e 1 1 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce fo r a cce pta n ce te st w i th o u t cycl e
Load increments
Loading step Initial 1 2 3 4 5
Applied load (% Pp) Pa 30 50 70 90 1 00
Period of observation (min) 0 Time necessary for measurements 15
Ta bl e 1 2 — Lo a d i n g se q u e n ce fo r a cce pta n ce te st w i th cycl e
Load increments
Loading step Initial 1 2 3 4 5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C1 0 C1 1 Final
Applied load (% Pp) Pa 30 50 70 90 1 00 90 80 70 80 90 1 00
Period of 0 15 Time necessary for measurements
observation (min)
(5) Lock-off procedure: At the end of the stressing procedure or after the cycle, the lock-off operation must be carried
out. Different procedures may be applied, depending on whether a cycle was performed or not:
a) Lock-off after acceptance test without cycle:
From Pp, unloading with an adapted procedure for lock-off with at least 5 steps to build correctly the final de-
stressing and lock-off curve.
b) Lock-off after acceptance test with cycle:

At the end of the cycle, if de-stressing is needed to install wedges, de-stressing should be done, then the
wedges should be installed, and reloading should be carried out up to the lock-off pressure, with at least 6

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
steps. Finally, the lock-off operation should be carried out, with at least 5 steps. At the end of the cycle, if
there is no de-stressing required to place the wedges, the lock-off operation shall be the same as when the
test is done without the cycle.
(1 ) Prior to commencement of the test, it shall be ensured that external sources do not dis turb the normal functioning
(2) The following measurement procedure shall be followed for performing acceptance tests:
a) At each load step, the time origin is taken immediately when the expected load is reached
b) During the stressing stage, at each load step, the load and the tendon head displacement shall be recorded.
At proof load, the successive monitoring times, as indicated below:
0→1 →2→3→ 4→5→ 7→1 0 →1 5 (min)
c) Where relevant ( larger than the lim it value), the load and of the anchor head-displacement should be
measured during a longer period than indicated above, for example during 1 hour with measurements at 25,
30, 45, and 60 minutes, in order to check again the  value at the end of the observation time.
d) Where relevant, during the de-stressing stage, the load and the tendon head-displacement shall be recorded
at each step down to the datum load before the total de-stressing.
e) Where relevant, the displacement of the reaction system shall be recorded at least at the end of each load
step.
(3) At proof load, the value of  shall be checked.
(5) At each load step, the stabili ty of the installation shall be ensured.
(1 ) Based on the collected data, at least the following relationships shall be plotted:
 plot of “tendon head displacement versus pressure or anchor load”;
 plot of “tendon head displacement versus time” at the proof load.
 anchor head displacement at proof load;
  value at proof load Pp;

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
An nex A
De te rm i n ati on of th e cre e p ra te 
The creep ratio α at constant anchor load is derived from the linear end of a logarithm of elapsed time vs.
displacement plot (Figure A.1 ). The creep rate is defined by the equation:
 = (sb – s a) / (log (tb) – log(ta)) = (sb – s a) / log (tb / ta)
with
sa displacement of the anchor head at the time ta;
sb displacement of the anchor head at the time tb;
ta start of the respective time interval;
tb end of the respective time interval.
Ke y
x Time t in min
y Displacement s – st = 0 in mm
1 Anchor 1 min observation period
2 Anchor 2 extended observation period
Fi g u re A. 1 — Ex a m pl e o f ti m e -d i spl a ce m e n t-cu rve s by su i ta bi l i ty te sts
on pe rm a n e n t a n ch o r s i n n o n -co h e si ve so i l
Anchor 2 is an example of an anchor that does not fulfil the requirements for short observation period. Therefore the
observation period is extended in order to determine the creep rate.

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
An nex B
D e te rm i n ati on of th e l oad l oss k l
B . 1 Pe rmi ssi bl e cu mu l ati v e l oss of l oad k

l
The cumulative loss of load kl over the different times of observation should not exceed the values given in national
annex to EN 1 997-1 :2004+A1 :201 3
B . 2 I n v e sti g ati on te st
If the cumulative loss of load, at the lock-off load level, after 7 time periods (3 days) does not exceed the allowable
and the load-loss per time interval is not increasing then the test may terminate and the load cycling of the anchor be
continued to Pp or to failure. Should the allowable loss of load be exceeded and/or the load loss per time interval be
increasing the observation period may be extended to the eighth period or longer until stability is achieved. If stability
is not achieved the applied load is too high for a serviceability condition but the test should be continued to determine
the failure load.
B . 3 Su i tabi l i ty te st
The cumulative loss of load kl , at the proposed lock-off load, after 6 time periods (1 day) should not exceed the
allowable values given in national annex to EN 1 997-1 :2004+A1 :201 3.
B . 4 Acce ptan ce te st
The maximum cumulative loss of load kl , at the lock-off load level Po should not exceed the limits specified in national
annex to EN 1 997-1 :2004+A1 :201 3

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
An nex C
De te rm i n ati on of th e cri ti cal cre e p l oad P c
(1 ) The anchor critic al creep load Pc is the load corresponding to the end of the first pseudo lin ear part of the “ vs.
anchor load” plot. As it is sometimes difficult to determine Pc accurately, an alternative method consists in determining
the value of the anchor load P’c which is the intersection of the first pseudo linear segment and a second line drawn
utilising the last points of the “  versus anchor load” curve.
(2) In this case, the critical creep load Pc may be calculated as follows:
Pc = 0,9 P’ c
where P’ c is the virtual critical creep load determined as indicated in Figure C.1
Fi g u re C. 1 — De te rm i n a ti o n o f th e a n ch o r cri ti ca l re si sta n ce (I n ve sti g a ti o n te st)

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
An nex D
E v al u ati on of th e appare n t te n d o n fre e l e n g th , L ap p
D.1 G e n e ral
(1 ) During the unloading phase (Pp to Pa), the apparent tendon free length Lapp is calculated from the load elastic
displacement data following testing, to indic ate the length of the tendon which is estimated to be fully decoupled from
the surrounding grout.
(2) Usually Lapp is calculated with the following formula:
At Et s
Lapp 
Pp P a
 Pf
where
Lapp is the apparent tendon free length;
At is the cross section of tendon;
Et is the elastic modulus of the anchor tendon;
∆s is the elastic contraction of the tendon;
PP is the proof load;
Pa is the datum load;
∆Pf is the friction loss, to be estimated as indicated in Figure D.1
NOTE When the friction loss is negligible or has not been determined, a value of ∆Pf = 0 shall be taken for the calculation of
Lapp. This w ill give an underestimated value of Lapp.
(3) The limits of the apparent tendon free length, refer EN 1 537, 9.8.2 are:
Upper limit for bond anchors: Lapp ≤ Ltf + Le + 0,5 Ltb
Upper limit for compression type anchors: Lapp ≤ 1 , 1 . Ltf + Le
Lower limit for both bond and compression type anchors: Lapp ≥ 0, 8. Ltf + Le
( 4) Where the apparent tendon free length lies outside the limits, the anchor may be subjected to repeated load cycles
to Pp (refer EN1 537 clause 9.8.3), to demonstrate repeatability.
(5) If the anchor demonstrates repeatabili ty of load / displacement behaviour, the anchor can be accepted, provided it
satisfies the desig n criteria (refer EN1 537 clause 9.8.4).
(6) Where the observed apparent tendon free length falls outside the specified limits, a further two load cycles up to
the proof load should be carried out, in order to gauge repeatability of the load-displacement data and the reasons for
non-conformity investigated. If the anchor behaves consistently in an elastic manner, demonstrated by extension in
the second cycle being within ± 5% of that in the first cycle, the anchor can be deemed satisfactory.

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
D . 2 D e te rmi n ati on of fri cti on l oss
(1 ) Where there is significant friction in the anchor free length, the method shown in Figure D.1 may be used. The
hysteresis loop between a loading and an unloading curve is used for estimate the friction loss Pf.
(2) If the friction loss exceeds 0,05 PP it should be taken into account when determining the minimum proof load or
lock-off load. If necessary the proof load may be reduced.
Fi g u re D. 1 - Esti m a te of fri cti o n l o ss P

f

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
An nex E
Y i e l d stre ss an d te n si l e stre n g th for ty pi cal an ch or ste e l s
(Informative annex)
Ta bl e E. 1 — Yi e l d stre ss a n d te n si l e stre n g th o f typi ca l a n ch o r ste e l s
Type o f ste e l ft0,1 k ft0,2k ftk

Re l e va n t S ta n d a rd
N/mm 2 N/mm 2 N/mm 2
B500B acc. to
BSt 500 S EN 1 0080 + – 500 550 Reinforcement steel
EN 1 992-1 -1 + AC, with thread ribs
Annex C
S 555 / 700 – – 555 700 Bar steel with thread
ribs
S 670 / 800 – – 670 800 Bar steel with thread
ribs
St 835 / 1 030 Y1 030 acc. to FprEN 835 – 1 030
1 01 38
St 950 / 1 050 Y1 050 acc. to FprEN 950 – 1 050 Pre-stressing steel
1 01 38 with thread ribs
St 1 080 / 1 230 Y1 230 acc. to FprEN
1 01 38 1 080 – 1 230
St 1 570 / 1 770 Y1 770 acc. to FprEN

1 01 38 1 500 – 1 770
Strands
St 1 660 / 1 860 Y1 860 acc. to FprEN
1 01 38 1 600 – 1 860
Values stated are minimum. Higher values must be based on certificates.

ftk = the tensile strength fuk
and ft0,2k are both yield stresses fyk at 0,1 % and 0,2 % yield strain respectively
ft0,1 k

I SO /DI S 2 2 4 7 7 - 5 :2 0 1 6 (E)
An nex F
I l l u strati on o f U LS an d SLS re si stan ce
(Informative annex)
Ke y
x Load
y creep rate  or load loss kl
Fi g u re F. 1 - Ex ample o f pl o t o f creep rate o r l o ad l oss vs l o a d by a n i nvesti g ati o n te st a n d i den ti ficati on o f
u l ti m a te l imi t sta te resi sta n ce, se rviceabil ity l i mit sta te resi sta n ce a nd cri tical creep l oad
NOTE 1 The determination of the critical creep load in case no clear knee point on the creep rate vs. load curve can be
determined, and appears in Annex C.
NOTE 2 The ULS resistance could also be identified as the vertical asymptote in the creep rate or load loss vs. load diagram.
NOTE 3 The limiting values of the creep rate or load loss appears in EN 1 997-1 or the national annex, or in a similar application
document for this standard for ISO countries.

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Draft for Public Comment Form 36

BSI Group Headquarters

Title: Draft BS ENISO 22477-5 Geotechnical investigation and testing —

Responsible Committee Secretary: Mrs Tracey Wilkins (BSI)

1 2 (3) 4 5 (6) (7)

6.4 Paragraph 2 te The use of the UV photometer as an Delete reference to UV photometer.

ISO/TC 182 Secretariat: BSI

Geotechnical investigation and testing — Testing of

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

3 Term s, de fin i ti on s a nd symbo l s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

4. 2 Rea ction syste m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

4. 4 Loa d mea su remen t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

4. 5 Di spl ace men t mea su reme n t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

4. 6 Time an d te mpe ra tu re mea su re men t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

5. 1 I n ve sti ga tio n te st (I -te st) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

5. 2 S ui tabil i ty te st (S -te st) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

5. 3 Acce ptan ce te st (A-te st) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1

6. 3 Time pe rio d be tween i n stal la tion a nd te st . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2

6. 8 Osci l la tin g Load Te sti n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3

7. 1 I n ve sti ga tio n an d su i ta bil i ty te sts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4

An nex A De te rm ina ti on of the cree p ra te  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

© ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved iii

An nex B De te rm ina ti on of the loa d lo ss k l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

An nex C De te rm ina ti on of the cri ti cal creep l oad P c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

An nex D Eva l ua ti on o f the a ppare n t ten d on free len g th, L ap p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

An nex E Yie ld stre ss a nd te n sile stren g th fo r typi cal an cho r steel s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

An nex F I ll u stra ti on o f ULS an d S LS re si sta n ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

iv © ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved

© ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved v

vi © ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved

st ru ct u res Part 5: T est i n g of g rou t ed an ch ors

© ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved 1

Ultimate tensile resistance of the anchor tendon

G e o te ch n ical u l ti mate l imi t sta te resi sta n ce

G e o te ch n ical se rvi ceabil ity l i mit sta te resi sta n ce

Substitute term for the geotechnical ultimate limit state resistance

Substitute term for a working anchor

Maximum test load to which an anchor is subjected in a particular load test

2 © ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved

Sacrificial anchor installed for testing purposes only

At Cross sectional area of anchor tendon

© ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved 3

Pc Critical creep load

ULS Limit criterion of  in ULS

4 © ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved

1 anchorage point at jack during stressing

pro te cti on om i tte d (re fe r EN 1 537)

© ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved 5

1 anchorage point at jack during stressing

prote cti o n o m i tte d (re fe r EN 1 537)

6 © ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved

Fi g u re 3 — S ch e m a ti c i l l u stra ti o n sh o w i n g typi ca l m e th o d o f m e a su ri n g te n d on d i spl a ce m e n t

© ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved 7

1 Displacement monitorin g of reaction system (dial gauge reference to jack body)

Fi g u re 4 — S ch emati c sh owin g typical meth od o f m easu ri n g te n do n l o a d l o ss u si n g a pre ssu re g a u g e , w i th

re a cti o n syste m d e form a ti o n m e a su re m e n t fro m a n i n d e pe n d e n t d a tu m

8 © ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved

sta g g e re d a n ch ors, u si n g l on g stro ke V e rn i e r g a u g e

© ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved 9

1 0 © ISO 201 6 – All rights reserved

The purpose of an investigation test is:

The purpose of a suitability test is: