***Consider this question, research the individual contributions of the stated psychologist below.

20. Like nature vs nurtures, heredity and environment plays a significant role in the learning
process. He proposed that environmental contexts has four major levels in which the

relationship in the immediate system breaks down, the child will not have the tools to explore

other parts of his/her environment resulting the behavioral and academic deficiencies.

A. William Kohler

B. Robert gagne

C. David Ausubel

D. Urie Brofenbenner

PART II - ANALYZING TEST ITEMS

A. Correct all wrong answers at all time,

B. Increase practice with simple problems.

C. Reduce stimulation so as to increase attention to the task.

D. Problems match appropriately to student's level of thinking.

Analysis:

The thing to consider here is solve more complex problems".

A. Just correcting the wrong answers of students at all time will not increase their

abilities in solving more complex problems.

B. It deals with simple problems. How will the students learn solving complex

problems when they are used to solving simple problems only.

C. If stimulation is lessened, the more students' attention to the task at hand will

be lessened, the more they will not think and be able to solve especially

complex problems.

D. This is the correct answer. Matching the problems to be solved with the

students level of thinking is saying that the problem to be solved, though how
complex it is, is still not too easy nor too difficult but just right for the students

to work on.

4. Which of the following statements is false about motivation?

A. A force that energizes, sustains and directs behavior toward a goal.

B. Sometimes referred to as the "goals of personality", in that it's absence usually reduces most
normal people to a state of listlessness and apathy.**

C. It is an external state or condition that serves to activate or energize behavior and gives it
direction

D. It is a psychological state that is the consequence with a person having

activated his or her motives.

5. The following are specific strategies for memory enhancement. Which one is not?

A. Use mnemonic devices

B. Over learn the material

C. Sleep before studying**correction, sleep after studying

D. Distribute, study and practice new, materials

6. Which of the following statements is false?

A. Critical thinking is a process, the goal of which is to make reasonable

decisions about what to believe and what to do.

B. Creative thinking is the generation of thoughts, ideas, decisions and actions

often by novel and unexpected means.

C. Metacognition is the capacity to monitor and regulate one's own thinking or

mental activity.

d. None of the above***

7. Which phase in observational learning refers to - "although observer acquires and retains

ability to perform the modeled behavior, there will be no overt performances unless

conditions are favorable'?

A. Attention

B. Retention

C. Motivational Process

D. Motor Reproduction Process

8. Which of the following best described what meaningful learning is?

A. When what is to be learned is new and easy for the students.

B. Materials presented are difficult and challenging to the students.

C. When the material to be learned is related to what students already know.**

D. Students find the lesson easy and relevant to what was assigned to them.

9. Which of the following principles of learning applies to considering student's age in

presenting certain content and cognitive process?

A. Principle of readiness*

B. Principle of learning by doing

C. Principle of presenting challenging tasks

D. Principle of learning aided by formulating and asking questions

10.

C. Demolition

D. None of the above

11. There are six levels in cognitive development moving through the lowest process to the highest.

1. Knowledge

2. Application

3. Synthesis

4. Analysis
5. Comprehension

6. Evaluation

A. 1-5-2-4-3-6*

B. 1-2-3-4-5-6

C. 1-3-5-2-4-6

D. 1-4-2-3-5-6

12. Which principle underlies cognitive learning?

A. Prior knowledge can help or hinder learning.

B. Meaningful engagement is necessary for deeper learning.

C. Motivation generates, directs and sustains learning behavior

D. All of the above.*

13. Which of the following motivation is false?

A. External motivation is longer lasting and more self-directive than internal motivation.*

B. Motivation is enhanced by the way in which the instructional material is organized.

C. Motivation to perform is affected by expectancy and value.

D. Internal motivation is fueled by one's goals or ambitions.

14. Which is not a characteristic of a metacognitive thinker?

A. Has a realistic self-concept

B. Able to make plans for himself

C. Able to set short-term and long-term goals

D. Propose solutions to problems *

15. The following are stages in learning psychomotor skill. Which one is not?

A. Planning Stage
B. Cognitive Stage

C. Organizing Stage

D. Perfecting Stage*

16. Which of the following is not included in affective learning?

A. Attitudes

B. Beliefs

C. Values

D. Ambitions*

17. which of the following will enhance the learning of preschoolers?

A. Always give reward and never punish

B. Activities should be hands - on and not written

C. Use colorful, attractive and challenging materials*

D. Make activities too easy, simple and for a short period of time

18. Maturation should precede certain types of learning. How is this applied in the classroom?

A. Follow the interest of the students in assigning task

B. Concepts should be taught from simple to complex

C. Consider age level of students in teaching certain concepts*

D. Give the same task to all students in a particular grade level.

19. Why should teacher provide positive feedback and realistic praise?

A. To motivate the students to study.*

B. So the students will know what to do

C. To be liked and loved by the students

D. So the students will praise him/her

20 Which statement does not refer to cognitive theories?

A. Prefer to concentrate on analyzing cognitive process.

B. Conclusions are based on observation of external manifestations of learning.*

C. Study of the structures and components of information processing

D. Believe in the non - observable behavior

21.

room in the morning.

B. The teacher checks the given assignment everyday.*

C. The monitoring of absences is done by the class secretary.

D. Cleanliness and orderliness of the room is a must in the classroom of Mrs. Orilla.

22. Which of the following principles apply in this situation? Teacher presented a new

lesson where in the students were asked to work on a new project which was

somewhat complicated. The students showed interest while working on it.

A. Effort is put fortfi wfien tasks are cfia/fenging

B. Lessons should be presented in varied and different ways*

C. Meaningful materials are readily learned than nonsense materials.

D. Teachers should provide opportunities for meaningful and appropriate practice

23. All except one is not a characteristic of Skinner's reinforcement and operant conditioning.

Which one is not?

A. Stressed the consequence of behavior in order to learn

B. Proved that reinforcement is a powerful tool in shaping and controlling behavior

in and out of the classroom

C. Emphasized the greater influence of the environment on learning and behavior that is

either to reinforce or eliminate

D. None of the above. .*

24. What should a teacher do to help students learn psychomotor skills?

A. Teacher uses verbal explanation and description of the movements in addition to

live demonstration of the movements.

B. Teacher provides feedback to the learner about his/her progress

C. Teacher encourages the learner to practice, practice, in order to maintain his/her

sharpness

D. All of the above*

25. Which is an application of cognitive approach to motivation?

A. Explain the reasons for studying the topic

B. Create a supportive classroom climate for students

C. Provide clear and prompt feedback on assignments

D. Begin lessons with challenging questions and conditioning events.*

PART III - ENHANCING TEST TAKING SKILLS

1. Which theory operates in "stimulus - response principle, which means all behaviors? are caused by
external stimuli ?

A. Contextualist Theory C. Cognitive Theory

B. Behavioristic Theory D. Constructivist Theory

Analysis:

Option A. contextualist theory- it explains that learning is greatly affected by the kind of environment
an individual lives in.

Option B behaviorist theory- is the correct option. It tells about how behaviors are acquired and

developed through external stimuli

Option C cognitive theory- it tells about psychological factors influence the behavior of people
Option D constructivist theory- it mentions about learner as an information constructor

2. situations?

A. Social Learning Theory C. Dual - Coding Learning Theory

B. Information Processing D. Schema Learning Theory

Option A Social learning theory - it tells about how people learn through observation, imitation and
modeling

Option B information processing theory- it explains, that an individual learns when the human mind
takes in information, perform operation in it and retrieve when needed

Option C. Dual Coding learning theory- it mentions about mental images and verbal descriptions as tools
for retaining information

Option D. schema learning theory - is the correct options. It discusses how prior knowledge help the
learner understood the new information in the learning process.

3. Ms. Erika in her Biology class accompanies her discussion with interesting visual aids. She strongly
believes that students learn that students learn better when lessons are presented with images, real or
imagined aside from more lecture method or verbal representations. Which learning theory she upholds
to?

A. Social Cognitive Theory C. Information Processing Approach

B. Dual - Coding Theory D. Meaningful Reception Learning Theory

Option A. social cognitive theory- it explains that children learn by what they see and observe

Option B Dual Coding theory- is the correct option since the teacher uses both mental images and verbal

representations as tools in affecting learning.

Option C information processing approach- it tells about gaining insight in understanding information

Option D meaningful reception learning theory- it talks in relatedness between previously known
information to new information to make learning more meaningful.

4. Marga, a 3 year old girl, applies make - up on her face, gets her mom's bag, wears her

shoes and starts walk around the receiving room as seen as her mom left for work. What
What theory explains such?

A. Contextual Theory C. Social Learning

B. Cognitive Theory D. Constructivist Theory

Options A Contexual theory- it points out that learning is greatly affected by the kind of environment an
individual lives in.

Option B cognitive theory- it tells about the influence of psychological factors in how one behaves

Option C Social Learning- is the correct option. It explains that children learn by simply watching and
observing the behavior of another person, called the model, and later imitating the model's behavior.

Option D constructivist theory- it illustrates that learning is an active and constructive process whereby
the learner is on information construction

5. Which of the following learning theories in Thorndike’s, Which states that an organism learns by
doing and forget by not doing, in other words, it refers the law of use and law of disuse.

A. Law of Effect C. Law of Readiness

B. Law of Set and Attitude D. Law of Exercise

Option A law of effect- it explains on reward and punishment in increasing desirable and undesirable
behaviors

Option B law of set and attitudes- it tells about "Pre - judgments" or prior experience effect toward a
given task

Option C law of readiness- it points out on satisfying and annoying response depending on the
preparedness of the learner

Option D law of exercise- is the correct answer. It suggests that connections between a stimulus and
response are strengthened as they are used and weakened when practice is discontinued.

6. Which of the following learning theories explained on Zone of Proximal Development?

(ZPD) where in the gap between actual and potential development should be

mediated?

*A. Social Cognitive C. Cognitive Construction

B. Social Constructivism D. Cognitive Behavior Modification

7.

C. Knowing
D. Understanding

8. among the proponents of theories of learning was known for his "Bobo Doll" lent wherein children
imitated what they have witnessed regarding the treatment given to Bobo doll?

A. Albert Bandura C. Ivan Pavlov

B. Jullian Rotter D. Burhuss Skinner

9. What theory explains the interlocking of one system to another system wherein if the
relationship in the immediate system break down, the child will not have the tools to explore other parts
of his environment resulting the behavioral deficiencies?

*A. Contextual Theory C. Behaviorism Theory

B. Constructivism Theory D. Cognitive Theory

10. Which of the following best describes what meaningful learning is?

A. When what is to be learned is new and easy for the students

B. Materials presented are difficult and challenging to the students

C. When the material to be learned is related to what students already know?*

D. Students find the lessons easy and relevant to what was assigned to them.

11. Ms. Jones, after learning the statements made by her colleague toward their newly

appointed principal she is carefully deliberating of whether to accept, reject or

suspend judgment in such claim. What type of thinking Ms. Jones has?

A, Creative thinking C. Reflective thinking

B. Critical thinking D. Logical thinking

12. The class of Mr. Veloso read the book entitled "The Reader". After which is divided

the class into two groups and asked each group to write and perform a play

based on the story. The group who performed better is exempted to take the long

qui'z. What cognitive domain is manifested?

A. Evaluation C. Analysis

B. Knowledge D. Synthesis

13. Mr. Tan is a man with principles. He sees to it that he assesses correctly his statements
using analysis and logic before disclosing his evaluation to his subordinates. Mr. Tan is

manifesting what type of thinking?

A. Creative thinking C. Reflective thinking

B. Critical thinking D. Logical thinking

14. One of Mr. Agors' member in the dance troupes collapsed during their rehearsal for their

upcoming competition in Seoul, Korea. What should Mr. Agor do with the student?

A. Ignore the student and go on with the rehearsal

B. Pull-out the student and bring her/him back to normal condition*

C. Do not allow him/her anymore to join the competition

D. Give him/her first aid

15. According to this cognitive theory, the individual learns when the human mind takes in

information (encoding), perform operation in it, stores the information (storage) and retrieves

it when needed (retrieval)

A. Meaningful Reception

B. Cumulative Learning

C. Information Processing*

D. Cognitive Behavior Modification

16. Learning is used to be meaningful when new information is related to what the learner already

know. What theory prepares such statement?

A. Cognitive Behavior Modification

B. Information Processing

C. Cumulative Learning

D. Meaningful Reception*
B. Affective Learning

D. Social Learning

18. Teacher Kiko prepared the materials for his laboratory class in chemistry. He instructed the

team leader in every group to start along with the members of the group. Kiko allows his

students to construct their own knowledge through direct experience and enable them to

create schema. What theory is displayed in the given situation?

A. Albert Banduras' Social Learning Theory

B. Urie Brofenbrenners Ecological Systems Theory

C. Jean Piagets' Cognitive Constructivism*

D. Lev Vygotskys' Social Constructivism

19. When the nature of situation has a significant effect on the process of learning, this

statement is supported by what theory?

A. Learning Modalities

B. Individual Differences in Learning

C. Situated Learning*

D. Learning Styles

20. Like nature vs nurtures, heredity and environment plays a significant role in the learning
process. He proposed that environmental contexts has four major levels in which the

relationship in the immediate system breaks down, the child will not have the tools to explore

other parts of his/her environment resulting the behavioral and academic deficiencies.

A. William Kohler

B. Robert gagne

C. David Ausubel
D. Urie Brofenbenner

21. Schools and teachers should work to support the primary relationship of the child and create

an environment that welcomes and family relationship. What could be the best activities that

would demonstrate strong relationship and close collaboration between home and school?

A. Giving of report card and outing

B. Parent -conferencing and ticket selling —-

C. Home visitation and Parent - conferencing

D. Telephone brigade and interview

22. It explains the gap between school development and potential development wherein the

former refers to what children can do on their own, while the latter refers to what children can

do with help

A. Scaffolding

B. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)*

C. Assimilation

D. Accommodation

23. Joy, a sophomore high school student from Sto. Tomas school was well - known for her

abilities to show case her talents during the sophomore night has the most number of

acquaintances because of her initiative to start a conversation with her co - students.

Joy is gifted with:

A. Multi - award

B. Multi - million

C. Multi - sensory

D. Multiple intelligence*

24. It is an instructional process in which the teacher adjusts the amount and type of support

offered to the child to suit the child' abilities, with drawing the support as the child becomes
more skilled.

A. Scaffolding*

B. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

C. Assimilation

D. Accommodation

25. One of the requirements of teacher Carmel in her class is a case study. She grouped her

class into four and asked each to prepare a case to present their view about homosexuality.

What cognitive domain is deployed.

A. Evaluation C. Synthesis*

B. Knowledge D. Analysis