ChE 301

Heat Transfer
Instructor:
Dr. Md. Easir Arafat Khan
Associate Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering, BUET,
Dhaka-1000

January, 2021

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

In previous lecture, you have learned forced convection, where an

active fluid flow makes the convection happen

Imagine a room, where surrounding air is maintained to be totally

quiescent (still). There is a hot object in the room, which has a
temperature higher than the room.

Will there be heat transfer?

Since the fluid is stationary, Will this heat transfer be purely by

conduction?

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

1    1  −  1 
 =−    − = −
  T  P  T − T  T

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer
Grashof Number: Dimensionless group in free convection heat transfer

Grashof number, Gr, is defined as the ratio between the buoyancy force and
the viscous force:
g TL3 g (Ts − T )L3
Gr = =
 2
2

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer
Rayleigh Number:

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer
Free convection flow pattern:

cold

Hot

hot
Cold

Cold parallel Upper surface Lower surface

Cold plate
plate

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

Boundary Boundary
layer layer
Boundary
layer

Hot plate Hot Vertical Hot Cylinder

wire

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

P
= −  g
x

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

T = Tw at , y = 0
T = T at , y = 
T
= 0 at, y = 
y

T − T
2
 y
= 1 −  ..............................(7)
Tw − T   
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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

xdgsdfsd

1 L 4
h =  hx dx → h = hx = L
L 0 3
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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

= C (Gr )
m
Nu f f Pr f

T + Tw
Tf =
2

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer-Problem
Problem:
A large vertical plate 4.0 m high is maintain at 600C and exposed at
atmospheric air at 100C. Calculate the heat transfer if the plate is 10 m wide.

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer
1 L 4
h =  hx dx → h = hx = L , qw = constant
L 0 3
Isothermal surface vs. constant heat flux surface

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

It has become common practice to correlate mixed convection heat transfer

results for internal and external flows, by an expression of the form

Nu n = Nu Fn  Nu Nn Where, n=3

(Gr / Re )1
L
2
L

(Gr / Re )1
L
2
L

(Gr L )
/ Re 2L  1

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer-Problem
Problem:

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Free Convective Heat Transfer

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Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET
 Thank you

Dr. Md Easir Arafat Khan, Assoc Prof. ChE, BUET