NSCI 113 Chemistry for Engineers

Stoichiometrically Equivalent Molar Ratios from the Balanced Equation

stoichiometry
a quantitative assessment of the relationships between the amounts of substances
consumed and produced by the reaction.

+
balanced equation
represents the identity and physical state of each
reactant and product in a chemical reaction.

example: consider the balanced equation below

2 Cu2S(s) + 3 O2(g) 2 Cu2O(s) + 2 SO2(g)

the coefficients in the equation show the relative amounts of reactants that
combine and the relative amounts of products expected to form.
NSCI 113 Chemistry for Engineers

Stoichiometrically Equivalent Molar Ratios from the Balanced Equation

Mole-Mole Conversion

2 Cu2S(s) + 3 O2(g) 2 Cu2O(s) + 2 SO2(g)

1. Determine the moles of O2 needed to roast 10 moles of Cu2S(s)

Step 1. Identify the given.

Given: stoichiometric relation:

No. of moles Cu2S(s) = 10 moles
2 mol Cu2S(s) : 3 mol O2(g)

3 mol O2(g)
Moles of O2 = 10 mol Cu2S(s) x = 15.0 mol O2
2 mol Cu2S(s)
NSCI 113 Chemistry for Engineers

Stoichiometrically Equivalent Molar Ratios from the Balanced Equation

Mole-Mass Conversion stoichiometric Mole molar Mass
Mole ratio mass

2 Cu2S(s) + 3 O2(g) 2 Cu2O(s) + 2 SO2(g)

2. Calculate the mass of SO2 (64.07 𝑔

𝑚𝑜𝑙
) formed from 10 moles of Cu2S(s)

Step 1. Identify the given.

stoichiometric relation:
Given:
No. of moles Cu2S(s) = 10 moles 2 mol Cu2S(s) : 2 mol SO2(g)
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑂2 64.07 𝑔 𝑆𝑂2
Mol. mass SO2 = 64.07 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
=
64.07 𝑔 𝑆𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑂2

2 mol SO2(g) 64.07 g SO2(g)

Mass of SO2 = 10 mol Cu2S(s) x 2 mol Cu S x = 640.7 g SO2 (g)
2 (s) 1 mol SO2(g)
NSCI 113 Chemistry for Engineers

Stoichiometrically Equivalent Molar Ratios from the Balanced Equation

Mass-Mass Conversion
atomic Stoichiometric atomic
Mass ratio Mass
mass mass

2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2 NaCl(s)

3. How many grams of chlorine (Cl 35.45 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
) is needed to produced a 12.5 g sodium
chloride (NaCl(s) 58.45 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
)?
stoichiometric ratio
Step 1. Balance the equation.
1 mol Cl2g) : 2 mol NaCl(s)
Step 2. Identify the given
58.45 𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
=
mass NaCl (s) = 12.5 g 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 58.45 𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙

Mol. mass Cl2(g) = 35.45 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑔
35.45 𝑔 𝐶𝑙
=
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑙
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑙 35.45 𝑔 𝐶𝑙
Mol. mass NaCl(s) = 58.45 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔

1 mol NaCl(s) 1 mol Cl2(g) 70.9 g Cl2(g)

mass of Cl2(s) = 12.5 g NaCl(s) x x x
58.45 g NaCl(s) 2 mol NaCl(s) 1 mol Cl2(g)

= 7.58 g Cl2
 NSCI 113 Chemistry for Engineers

Stoichiometrically Equivalent Molar Ratios from the Balanced Equation

Mass-Mass Conversion
atomic Stoichiometric atomic
Mass ratio Mass
mass mass

2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2 NaCl(s)

4. Calculation shows that 7.58 g Cl2(g) is needed to produce 12.5 g (NaCl(s) 58.45 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
). Now how
many grams of Na(s) (23 𝑚𝑜𝑙) is required ?
𝑔

conversion factor
Given: stoichiometric ratio
58.45 𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
mass NaCl(s) = 12.5 g 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
= 58.45 𝑔 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
2 mol Na(s) : 2 mol NaCl(s)
M.M. Na(s) = 23.00 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
23.00 𝑔 𝑁𝑎 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑎
M.M. NaCl(s) = 58.45 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑁𝑎
= 23.00 𝑔 𝑁𝑎

1 mol NaCl(s) 2 mol Na(s) 23 g Na(s)

mass of Cl2(s) = 12.5 g NaCl(s) x x x = 4.92 g Na (s)
58.45 g NaCl(s) 2 mol NaCl(s) 1 mol Na(s)
4.92 g Na(s) + 7.58 g Cl 2 12.5 g NaCl (s)
NSCI 113 Chemistry for Engineers

Stoichiometrically Equivalent Molar Ratios from the Balanced Equation

Mass-Mass Conversion
atomic Stoichiometric atomic
Mass ratio Mass
mass mass

5. The food we eat is degraded, or broken down, in our bodies to provide energy for growth
and function. A general overall equation for this very complex process represents the
degradation of glucose C6H12O6 (180.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
) to carbon dioxide CO2 (44.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
) and water H2O
(18 𝑚𝑜𝑙):
𝑔

If 856 g of C6H12O6 is consumed by a person over a certain period, what is the mass of
CO2 produced?
1 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

Step 1: The balanced equation is given in the problem.

Step 2: Identify the given.
stoichiometric ratio conversion factor
mass C6H12O6 = 856 g 180.2 𝑔𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6
1 mol C6H12O6 : 6 mol CO2 =
M.M. C6H12O6 = 180.2 𝑔
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 180.2 𝑔 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6
𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 mol C6H12O6 : 6 mol H2O
M.M. CO2 = 44.01 𝑔 44.01 𝑔 𝐶𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑂2
𝑚𝑜𝑙 6 mol O2 : 6 mol H2O
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝐶𝑂2
= 44.01 𝑔𝐶𝑂2
M.M. H2O = 18.00 𝑔
𝑚𝑜𝑙 6 mol O2 : 6 mol CO2
NSCI 113 Chemistry for Engineers

Stoichiometrically Equivalent Molar Ratios from the Balanced Equation

Mass-Mass Conversion
Mass atomic Mole Stoichiometric Mole atomic
mass ratio mass Mass

1 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2 O
If 856 g of C6H12O6 is consumed by a person over a certain period, what is the mass of
CO2 produced?
stoichiometric ratio conversion factor
mass C6H12O6 = 856 g 180.2 𝑔𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6
1 mol C6H12O6 : 6 mol CO2 =
M.M. C6H12O6 = 180.2 𝑔
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6 180.2 𝑔 𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂6
𝑚𝑜𝑙 1 mol C6H12O6 : 6 mol H2O
M.M. CO2 = 44.01 𝑔 44.01 𝑔 𝐶𝑂2 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐶𝑂2
𝑚𝑜𝑙 6 mol O2 : 6 mol H2O
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝐶𝑂2
= 44.01 𝑔𝐶𝑂2
M.M. H2O = 18.00 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
6 mol O2 : 6 mol CO2

Step 3: To convert 856 g of C6H12O6 (180.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑔
) to moles of C6H12O6

Solution: 1 mol C6H12O6

856 g C6H12O6 x = 4.7503 mol C6H12O6
180.2 g C6H12O6 = 4.75 mol C6H12O6
NSCI 113 Chemistry for Engineers

Stoichiometrically Equivalent Molar Ratios from the Balanced Equation

Mass-Mass Conversion
Mass atomic Mole Stoichiometric Mole atomic
mass ratio mass Mass

1 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

Step 4: From the mole ratio, (in the balanced eq.) we see that 1 mol C6H12O6 is
to 6 mol CO2. Therefore, the number of moles of CO2 formed is

4.7503 mol C6H12O6 6 mol CO2

x = 28.5018 mol CO2
1 mol C6H12O6

Step 5: Finally, the number of grams of CO2 44.01 𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑔
formed is given by

44.01 g CO2 there is a difference if

28.5018 mol CO2 x = 1,254.36 g CO2 you used 2 decimal and
1 mol CO2 four decimal on the
28.50 mol CO2 = 1,254.29 g CO2 process of solving
NSCI 113 Chemistry for Engineers

Stoichiometrically Equivalent Molar Ratios from the Balanced Equation

Mass-Mass Conversion
Mass atomic Mole Stoichiometric Mole atomic
mass ratio mass Mass

5. The food we eat is degraded, or broken down, in our bodies to provide energy for growth and
function. A general overall equation for this very complex process represents the degradation of
glucose C6H12O6 (180.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
) to carbon dioxide CO2 (44.01𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
) and water H2O (18𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
):

1 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

If 856 g of C6H12O6 is consumed by a person over a certain period, what is the mass of CO2
produced?

Other Solution:

grams C6H12O6 moles C6H12O6 moles CO2 grams CO2

1 mol C6H12O6 6 mol CO2 44.01 g CO2

856 g C6H12O6 x x x = 1,254.36 g CO2
180.2 g C6H12O6 1 mol C6H12O6 1 mol CO2
NSCI 113 Chemistry for Engineers

Stoichiometrically Equivalent Molar Ratios from the Balanced Equation

Mass-Mass Conversion
Mass atomic Mole Stoichiometric Mole atomic
mass ratio mass Mass

6. Ethanol, used in alcoholic beverages, can be produced by the fermentation of sucrose, which is
found in sugar cane and other plants. What mass of ethanol, C2H5OH( 46.06 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑔
), would be
produced when 15 grams sucrose C12H22O11 (342.22 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑔
) reacts by this process?

C12H22O11 (s) + H2O (l) 4 C2H5OH(l) + 4 CO2(g)

grams C12H22O11 moles C12H22O11 moles C2H5OH grams C2H5OH

1 mol C12H12O11 4 mol C2H5OH 46.06 g C2H5OH

15 g C12H22O11 x x = 8.08 g C2H5OH
342.22 g C12H22O11 1 mol C12H22O11 x 1 mol C2H5OH