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Static Equilibrium
Units
The first condition for equilibrium is that the forces along each
coordinate axis add to zero.
G G
Example 1: Calculate the tensions FA and FB in the two cords that
are connected to the vertical cord supporting the 200-kg chandelier.
∑ Fy = FA sin 60o − (200kg )( g ) = 0
(200kg ) g (200kg )( g )
FA = = = (231kg )( g ) = 2260 N
sin 60o 0.866
∑ Fx = FB − FA cos 60o = 0
The magnitudes of FA and FB determine the strength of cord or wire that must be used. In this
case, the wire must be able to hold more than 230 kg.
1
Solving Statics Problems
FA = (4500kg ) g = 44,100 N
⎛ 1.10m ⎞
FHy = ⎜ ⎟ mg = (0.500)(25.0kg )(9.80m / s ) = 123 N
2
⎝ 2.20m ⎠
Since tension FT in the cable acts along the cable θ = 30.0o , tan θ = FTy / FTx
3
Example 5: A 5.0-m-long ladder leans against a wall at a point
4.0 m above a cement floor. The ladder is uniform and has mass
m = 12.0 kg. Assuming the wall is frictionless (but the floor is not),
determine the forces exerted on the ladder by the floor and by the
wall.
The wall, since it is frictionless, can exert a force only
perpendicular to the wall, and is labeled force FW. The cement
floor exerts a force FC which has both horizontal and vertical force
components: FCX is frictional and FCY is the normal force. Gravity
exerts a force mg = (12kg )(9.80m / s 2 ) = 118 N on the ladder at
its midpoint.
The y-component of the force equation is
∑ Fy = FCy − mg = 0
So we have:
FCy = mg = 118 N
from the wall. The lever arm for mg is half this, or 1.5m, and the lever arm for FW is 4.0m.
Example 7: A 1.60-m-long steel piano wire has a diameter of 0.20 cm. How great is the tension in
the wire if it stretches 0.25 cm when tightened?
A = π r 2 = (3.14)(0.0010m) 2 = 3.14 x10−6 m 2
ΔL ⎛ 0.0025m ⎞
F=E = (2.0 x1011 N / m 2 ) ⎜ ⎟ (3.14 x10−6 m 2 ) = 980 N
Lo ⎝ 1.60m ⎠
Young’s modulus for steel is:
E = 200 x109 N / m 2
5
Example 8: The steel piano wire from example problem 7, was 1.60 m long with a diameter of 0.20
cm. approximately what tension force would break it?
F
= 500 x106 N / m 2
A
F = (500 x106 N / m 2 )(π )(1.0 x10−3 m) 2 = 1600 N