CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: The sequence of tenses

( Sự phối hợp thì)

I. Các quy tắc

1. WHEN
a. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra nối tiếp nhau
- Trong quá khứ: When + S + V (QKĐ), S + V (QKĐ)
Eg: When students heard the bell, they stood up and left.

- Trong tương lai: When + S + V (HTĐ), S + V (TLĐ)

Eg: When I see him, I will give him your regards.

b. Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra thì có hành động khác xen vào
- Trong quá khứ: When + S + V (QKTD), S + V (QKĐ)
Eg: When she was having a bath, she saw a mouse

- Trong tương lai: When + S + V(HTĐ), S + V (TLTD)

Eg: When you come tomorrow, they will be playing tennis

c. Diễn tả hành động xảy ra xong rồi mới tới hành động khác
- Trong quá khứ: When + S + V (QKĐ), S+ V (QKHT)
Eg: Last night, when we arrived at the theater, they had sold out all the
tickets. (Tối qua, khi chúng tôi đến nhà hát thì họ đã bán hết vé rồi

- Trong tương lai: When + S + V (HTĐ), S+ V(TLHT)

Eg: When you come back, I will have typed this email.
( Khi anh quay trở lại, em sẽ đánh máy xong bức thư)

2. By + time
a. By + trang từ của quá khứ -> V chia ở QKHT
Eg: I have worked for the company for 30 years by the end of last month
b. By + trạng từ của tương lai -> V chia ở TLHT
Eg: I will have finished a month of workout by next Wednesday

3. AT + GIỜ/ AT THIS TIME

a. At + giờ/at this time + thời gian trong quá khứ -> V chia ở QKTD
b. At + giờ/ at this time + thời gian trong tương lai -> V chia ở TLTD

4. SINCE

S + V (HTHT) + since + S + V (QKĐ)

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 Eg: We haven't seen each other since May

5. UNTIL/ AS SOON AS
a. S + V (TLĐ) + until/as soon as + S + V (HTĐ, HTHT)
Eg:
- I will wait until you come back ( Tôi sẽ đợi cho đến khi em quay lại)
- I will send messages for you as soon as I have finished this grammar.
( Em sẽ nhắn anh ngay khi em hoàn thành phần ngữ pháp này)
b. V (nguyên dạng)/ Don’t + V (nguyên dạng) + until/ as soon as + S + V
(HTĐ/HTHT)
Eg:
- Wait here until I come back. (Đợi ở đây đến khi anh quay lại nhé)
- Don’t talk anything until I feel better.

6. BY THE TIME (trước khi)

S + V (QKHT) + by the time + S + V (QKĐ)

S + V (TLHT) + by the time + S + V (HTĐ)

7. THE FIRST/ LAST TIME

This/ It is the first/ second/ third… time + S + V (HTHT)

(Đây là lần đầu/hai/ba…. từng làm gì)

This/ It is the last time + S + V (QKĐ)

(Đây là lần cuối làm gì)

Eg:
- This is the first time we have dated.
- This is the last time I talked with you about that matter.
8. Trong câu so sánh hơn nhất

S + V (hiện tại đơn) + the + adj (est)/most + adj + Clause ( Hiện tại HT)

S + V (quá khứ đơn) + the + adj (est)/most + adj + Clause ( Quá khứ HT)

Eg: This was the most embarrassing experience I had ever had
( Đây là trải nghiệm bối rối nhất mà tôi từng có)

II. EXERCISE
Exercise 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

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1. When I (come) came, she was cleaning the door. (hành động đang xảy ra thì có

hành động khác xen vào trong quá khứ)

2. When I (come) come, she will be cleaning the door. (hành động đang xảy ra

thì có hành động khác xen vào trong tương lai)

3. When he went home, his mother (cook) was cooking dinner, so he took off his

coat to help her. (hành động đang xảy ra thì có hành động khác xen vào trong

quá khứ)

4. When he went home, his mother (cook) had cooked. So he had a delicious

meal. (mẹ anh ấy đã nấu xong trước khi anh ấy về)

5. When he went home, he (cook) cooked because his wife were busy. (những

hành động liên tiếp trong quá khứ)

6. When he goes home, he (cook) will cook dinner because he wants to make his

wife surprised. (những hành động xảy ra nối tiếp trong tương lai)

7. When he goes home, his mother (cook) will have cooked because she always

wants her son to have a delicious meal after a hard work day. (mẹ anh ấy đã

chuẩn bị bữa tối trước khi anh ấy về trong tương lai)

8. When I moved here, I (live) had lived in a remote area for 5 years. (hành động

chuyển đến xảy ra sau, cái việc sống ở nơi hẻo lánh đã được hoàn thành trong

5 năm rồi)

9. When she receives the letter, she (call) will call you. (hành động nối tiếp trong

tương lai)

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 10. When I was young, I (harbor) harbored the dream of a famous doctor. (hành

động nối tiếp trong quá khứ)

Dấu hiệu là : When I was young” chứ không phải là hành động nối tiếp trong

quá khứ - Cách dùng 3 của QKĐ: Diễn tả hồi ức, kỷ niệm

11. When I grow up, I (get) will get married you. (hành động nối tiếp trong tương

lai)

Dấu hiệu: When I grow up

Dịch: Khi lớn lên, tớ sẽ lấy cậu

12. When he grew up, he (join) joined he army. (hành động nối tiếp trong quá khứ)

Dấu hiệu: When he grew up

 Kể lại sự việc trong quá khứ => QKĐ

13. When I see him, I (remind) will remind him to call you. (hành động nối tiếp

trong tương lai)

14. When I saw him, I (remind)  reminded him to call you. . (hành động nối tiếp

trong quá khứ)

Exercise 2: Chọn phương án đúng

1. I your brother at Green Street yesterday afternoon.

A. meet B. met C. have met D. had met

2. He a cigarette and to the window. . (hành động nối tiếp trong quá khứ)

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 A. light; walked B. lit; walks C. lighted; walked D. lights;

walks

3. After she for help, she off her shoes and in to save him.

A. shouted; took; jumped B. had shouted; took; jumped

C. had shouted; had taken; jumped D. shouted; had taken; jumped

4. I can't go with you because I my homework yet.

A. haven't finished B. had finished C. finished D. finish

5. He for London 2 years ago and since then I him.

A. have left; didn't see B. left; haven't seen

C. left; hadn't seen D. had left; have't seen

6. The performance at 7 o'clock and for 3 hours. We all it very much. (những sự

việc xảy ra nối tiếp)

A. had started; had lasted; enjoyed B. had started; lasted; enjoyed

C. started; had lasted; enjoyed D. started; lasted; enjoyed

Tường thuật lại một sự việc xảy ra nối tiếp nhau trong quá khứ.

7. Tell them to stop and take a rest. They long enough. ( bảo họ dừng lại và nghĩ

ngơi, họ đã làm việc đủ lâu, anh nghĩ dùng HTHTTD để nhấn mạnh)

A. have worked B. had worked

C. have been working D. had been working

8. "You ___here before?” □ "Yes, I ___my holidays here last year.”

A. have you been/ spended B. have you been/ spent

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 C. had you been; spent D. were you; spent

9. We our housework by tomorrow evening.

A. will finish B. will have finished

C. will be finishing D. are going to finish

10. "Your face is dirty, Tom.” □ "All right, I it.” (dự định tại thời điểm nói)

A. am washing B. am going to wash C. will wash D. will have washed

11. Coming into the room, he Mary where he her. (Mary rời bỏ anh ấy trước)

A. see; left B. saw; had left C. had seen; left D. saw; was leaving

12. I from him since he two years ago.

A. hadn't heard; disappeared B. haven't heard; disappeared

C. didn't hear; has disappeared D. will not hear; disappears

13. After the guests she back into the living-room and off the light.

A. left; went; turned B. had left; had gone; turned

C. have leftt; will got; turned D. had left; went; turned

14. By the time you finish cooking they their homework.

A. will have finished B. will finish C. had finished D. have finished

15. "You have just missed the last train.” □ "Never mind. I ” (dự định xảy ra tại

thời điểm nói)

A. will be walking B. am going to walk C. will walk D. am walking

16. "I the way to the Globe Theater.” □ "OK. I you.” (dự định xảy ra tại thời điểm

nói)

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 A. don't know; will show B. won't know; will show

C. don't know; am showing D. don't know; am going to show

17. Come in, please. I for you long. (nhấn mạnh tôi đã chờ anh lâu)

A. have waited B. have been waiting

C. had been waiting D. have been waited

18. Who you to the cinema with last night?

A. went B. did you go C. had gone D. did you went

19. Detective: I'm afraid I must ask both of you. What at 10.20 p.m yesterday?

Mr. X: I chess with my wife.

Mr. Y: I to a play on the radio.

A. were you doing; am playing; was listening B. did you do; played; listened

C. were you doing; am playing; am listening D. were you doing; was playing; was
listening

20. You my sister for a long time come to see us tonight? (bạn đã không gặp

chị/em của mình một thời gian dài có nghĩa là đến hiện tại vẫn diễn ra và một

lời đề nghị sẽ chia ở tương lai gần)

A. haven’t seen; Will you B. won't see; Will you

C. hadn't seen; Would you D. haven’t seen; Are you going

Exercise 3: Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong câu

1. This is the most beautiful place I ever visit.

 This is the most beautiful place I have ever visited.

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2. This time next week they will sit in the train on their way to Paris.

 This time next week they will be sitting in the train on their way to Paris

3. The radio has been played since 7 a.m, I wish someone would turn it off.

 The radio has played since 7 a.m, I wish someone would turn it off.

Has been played => has been playing

Since: HTHT. Hành động mở radio ở đây kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại nên dùng

HTHTTD

5. They will have English from nine to ten in this room. Don't annoy them then.

 They will be having English from nine to ten in this room. Don't annoy them

then.

6. I made cakes. That's why my hands are covered with flour. (câu nói diễn tả

hành động tại thời điểm nói, mà hình như làm bánh là make nhỉ)

Made -> have made. Hành động làm bánh là hđ xảy ra trong quá khứ để kaij

dấu hiệu ở hiện tại là tay dính đầy bột nên dùng HTHT

Make – made - made

 I am making cakes. That's why my hands are covered with flour.

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7. I got a sore throat because I have been speaking for 3 hours. (việc nói 3 tiếng

đồng hồ diễn ra trước việc bị đau họng, mà mệnh đề 1 chia ở QKĐ nên mệnh

đề 2 sẽ phải chia ở QKHTTD, nhấn mạnh đã nói trong 3 tiếng)

 I got a sore throat because I had been speaking for 3 hours.

8. It is raining hard. We can't do anything until it stopped.

 It is raining hard. We can't do anything until it stops.

9. She had got into her shoes, put on her coat and went to the door. (hành động

xảy ra nối tiếp trong quá khứ)

 She had got into her shoes, put on her coat and went to the door.

Had got => got

10. What tune had they played when we came in? (họ đã giai điệu gì khi chúng tôi

đến, diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì có một hành động xen vào)

 What tune were they playing when we came in?

11. That evening we stayed up to talk about the town, where he has lived for a long

time.

 That evening we stayed up to talk about the town, where he had lived for a long

time.

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12. I have lived in this city for 15 years. My family had moved here when I was 10

years old. (câu thứ hai anh thấy dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy ra nối tiếp nhau

quá khứ) => Diễn tả hành động khi còn nhỏ (When I was 10) => QKĐ

 I have lived in this city for 15 years. My family moved here when I was 10 years

old.

13. We are very tired. We have walk for three hours. (mang tính nhấn mạnh và có

kết quả là rất mệt)

 We are very tired. We have been walking three hours.

14. I haven't seen her since we leaved school.

 I haven't seen her since we left school.

15. I have been thought about you a lot lately and I have come to conclusion that I

won't be able to live without you. (hành động suy nghĩ diễn ra liên tục và được

nhấn mạnh là rất nhiều)

 I have been thinking about you a lot lately and I have come to conclusion that I

won't be able to live without you.

 GẦN ĐÂY ANH ĐÃ SUY NGHĨ RẤT NHIỀU VÀ ANH ĐÃ RÚT RA KẾT

LUẬN RẰNG ANH SẼ KHÔNG THỂ SỐNG THIẾU EM

16. Coming into his room, he found that someone broke into it. (sự việc bị đột

nhập đã diễn ra từ trước)

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  Coming into his room, he found that someone had broken into it.

17. It always rains when they had just cleaned the windows.

 It always rains when they have just cleaned the windows.

18. The last time I saw him, he wore a black suit.

Theo CT thì The last time đi với QKĐ nma đáp án lại nói là: Hành động ăn mặc

luôn được chia ở tiếp diễn. Em vẫn chưa hiểu câu này nên để lại nhé

 The last time I saw him, he had worn black suit.

19. By the first of next July I had worked for this company for 20 years.

 By the first of next July I have worked for this company for 20 years.

Had worked => will have worked

20. This is the talking between two friends who had just met up each other.

 This is the talking between two friends who have just met up each other.

Exercise 4: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1. Last night, we (watch) were watching television when the power (fail) failed.

(mất điện xen vào lúc chúng tôi đang xem TV)

2. We (be) will have been in this class for 4 years next September. ( sự việc hoàn

thành trước một thời điểm tromg tương lai)

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3. When we came in, they (prepare) were preparing the meal for us. (khi chúng

tôi đến, họ đang giới thiệu bữa ăn cho chúng tôi)

4. There (be) were many changes in our village in the past few year.

5. Think carefully. I'm sure you (remember) will remember his name.

6. After ancient Greek athletes had won a race in the Olympics, they (receive)

received a simple crown of olive leaves.

7. They (build) were building that bridge when I (be) was there last year, they (not

finish) haven't finished it yet.

8. As soon as my parents came, we [go] went out for dinner. (hành động xảy ra

nối tiếp trong quá khứ)

9. I (search) have been searching everywhere for the pen I (lose) lost yesterday.

(hành động tìm bút diễn ra liên tục và chưa có dấu hiệu dừng lại)

10. "What are you doing (do) at the moment, Ann?" "I (pack) am packing. I

(catch) am going to catch a plane to London tomorrow morning." (quyết định

đã được lên kế hoạch từ trước)

11. Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I (return) have returned to visit friends

and family several times.

12. When my parents (arrive) arrive for a visit tomorrow, they will see our baby for

the first time. (hành động nối tiếp nhau trong tương lai)

13. Don't worry. I (finish) have finished the report by 10 o'clock.

Dịch: Đừng lo, tôi sẽ hoàn thành báo cáo trước 10 giờ

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 Dùng will để thể hiện lời hứa

 Will finish

14. I'll return Bob's pen to him next time I (see) see him. (hành động nối tiếp trong

tương lai)

15. "I [go] will go out to buy a morning newspaper." "But it (rain) is raining now.

Why don't you wait until the rain (stop) will have stop?" (mưa sẽ tạnh ttrước

một thời điểm trong tương lai)

Sau until dùng HTĐ => stops

16. Whenever I travel abroad, I (forget) forget something I need. (sự việc lặp lại

nhiều lần mà không có dấu hiện của quá khứ và tương lai)

17. Hurry up or you (be) will be late for class. (dự đoán)

18. He (be) is to the theater three times this month.

Khi diễn tả một hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần, ta dùng HTHT

 Has been

19. Hurry up or the film (be) will have been over before we (get) get home.

Exercise 5: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1. I'm going out for a walk. I (read) have been read too long. (nhấn mạnh sự liên
tục của việc đọc => HTHTTD: have been reading

2. I (do) was doing my homework when my mother (send) sent me to the

chemist's with the prescription the doctor (give) had been given her. (hành

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 động mẹ bảo đi mua thuốc xen vào hành động tôi đang học và sự việc bác sĩ

đưa đơn thuốc đã xảy ra trước => QKHT: had given

3. By the end of this week I (read) will have read 200 pages of my new novel.

4. He (do) was doing the experiment when the light (go) went out. ( đèn tắt khi

anh ấy đang làm gì đó)

5. At this time next week, we (live) will be living in USA.

6. He (work) will be working on the report at this time tomorrow.

7. Go on the next test as soon as you (finish) have finished this one.

8. When I (look) looked at my suitcase, I could see that somebody (try) had tried

to open it. (chiếc vali đã bị mở trước khi tôi để ý đến nó)

9. We (be) were a few minutes late, so the film (start) had started when we (get)

got to the cinema.

10. I'm going to bed now. I (work) have been working for hours and I'm very tired.

(nhấn mạnh sự liên tục và kết quả của việc đã làm việc suốt 4 tiếng)

11. I think she is the nicest person I (meet) have met .

12. He [come] came into the room after he (stand) had stood outside for a moment.

13. After the telephone (buzz) had buzzed for a minute, the doctor (answer)

answered it.

14. He (have) had a bad fall while he (repair) was repairing the roof.

15. Yesterday, when I (see) saw Tom he (sit) was sitting in a corner with a book. I

(tell) told him that he (read) was reading in very bad light.

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16. James (weed) was weeding while Alex (cut) was cutting the grass in the garden

this time yesterday.

17. Susan (wait) was waiting for you at 9 o'clock tomorrow. => Mốc thời gian

trong tương lai

 Will be waiting

18. By next summer, she (finish) will have finished her 3rd novel.

19. This is the first time we (see) have seen the Statue of Liberty.

20. By the time Anne graduated from high school, she (attend) had attended seven

different schools because her parents moved frequently.

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