Wikipedia Database Download - Wikipedia - HTM

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" >Wikipedia:Database download</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free
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lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription
nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Information on
downloading dumps of the wiki database</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output
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navigation-not-searchable">For scheduling, related tools etc., see <a
href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_dumps" class="extiw" title="m:Data
dumps">m:Data dumps</a>.</div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-
data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-
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title="Wikipedia:Deletion discussions">Wikipedia:Deletion discussions</a>.</div>
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5px;"><b>This help page is a <a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#Wikipedia_how-to_and_information_pages"
title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">how-to guide</a>.</b><br /><div style="font-
size: 90%;">It details processes or procedures of some aspect(s) of Wikipedia's
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nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a>
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quality">Assessing article quality</a></li>
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control</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_book_creator_status" class="mw-redirect"
title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia book creator status">Books</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Help:ISBN" title="Help:ISBN">ISBN</a></li>
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Wikipedia">Citing Wikipedia</a></li></ul></td>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual/Appendixes/Reader
%27s_guide_to_Wikipedia" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing
Manual/Appendixes/Reader's guide to Wikipedia"><i>Reader's guide to
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<p>Wikipedia offers free copies of all available content to interested users. These
databases can be used for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mirrors_and_forks"
title="Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks">mirroring</a>, personal use, informal backups,
offline use or database queries (such as for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance"
title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Wikipedia:Maintenance</a>). All text content is
multi-licensed under the <a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-
ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">Creative Commons Attribution-
ShareAlike 3.0 License</a> (CC-BY-SA) and the <a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License"
title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GNU Free Documentation
License</a> (GFDL). Images and other files are available under <a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_copyright_tags" class="mw-redirect"
title="Wikipedia:Image copyright tags">different terms</a>, as detailed on their
description pages. For our advice about complying with these licenses, see <a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights"
title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Wikipedia:Copyrights</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input
type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox"
style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-
heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel"
for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Offline_Wikipedia_readers"><span
class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Offline Wikipedia
readers</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Where_do_I_get_it?"><span
class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Where do I get it?</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#English-language_Wikipedia"><span
class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">English-language
Wikipedia</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Should_I_get_multistream?"><span
class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Should I get multistream?
</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#How_to_use_multistream?"><span
class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">How to use multistream?
</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Other_languages"><span
class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Other languages</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a
href="#Where_are_the_uploaded_files_(image,_audio,_video,_etc.)?"><span
class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Where are the uploaded files
(image, audio, video, etc.)?</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Dealing_with_compressed_files"><span
class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Dealing with compressed
files</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Dealing_with_large_files"><span
class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Dealing with large
files</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#File_system_limits"><span
class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">File system
limits</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Operating_system_limits"><span
class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Operating system
limits</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Tips"><span
class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Tips</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Detect_corrupted_files"><span
class="tocnumber">6.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Detect corrupted
files</span></a></li>
href="#Reformatting_external_USB_drives"><span class="tocnumber">6.3.2</span> <span
class="toctext">Reformatting external USB drives</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Linux_and_Unix"><span
class="tocnumber">6.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Linux and Unix</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
href="#Why_not_just_retrieve_data_from_wikipedia.org_at_runtime?"><span
class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Why not just retrieve data from
wikipedia.org at runtime?</span></a>
<ul>
href="#Please_do_not_use_a_web_crawler"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span
class="toctext">Please do not use a web crawler</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="#Sample_blocked_crawler_email"><span
class="tocnumber">7.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sample blocked crawler
email</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
href="#Doing_SQL_queries_on_the_current_database_dump"><span
class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Doing SQL queries on the current
database dump</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Database_schema"><span
class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Database schema</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#SQL_schema"><span
class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">SQL schema</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#XML_schema"><span
class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">XML schema</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
href="#Help_to_parse_dumps_for_use_in_scripts"><span class="tocnumber">9</span>
<span class="toctext">Help to parse dumps for use in scripts</span></a>
<ul>
href="#Doing_Hadoop_MapReduce_on_the_Wikipedia_current_database_dump"><span
class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Doing Hadoop MapReduce on the
Wikipedia current database dump</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
href="#Help_to_import_dumps_into_MySQL"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span
class="toctext">Help to import dumps into MySQL</span></a></li>
href="#Static_HTML_tree_dumps_for_mirroring_or_CD_distribution"><span
class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Static HTML tree dumps for
mirroring or CD distribution</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Kiwix"><span
class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">Kiwix</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Aard_Dictionary_/_Aard_2"><span
class="tocnumber">11.2</span> <span class="toctext">Aard Dictionary / Aard
2</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#E-book"><span
class="tocnumber">11.3</span> <span class="toctext">E-book</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Wikiviewer_for_Rockbox"><span
class="tocnumber">11.4</span> <span class="toctext">Wikiviewer for
Rockbox</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Old_dumps"><span
class="tocnumber">11.5</span> <span class="toctext">Old dumps</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
href="#Dynamic_HTML_generation_from_a_local_XML_database_dump"><span
class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Dynamic HTML generation from a
local XML database dump</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#XOWA"><span
class="tocnumber">12.1</span> <span class="toctext">XOWA</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="#Features"><span
class="tocnumber">12.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Features</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#Main_features"><span
class="tocnumber">12.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Main features</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#WikiFilter"><span
class="tocnumber">12.2</span> <span class="toctext">WikiFilter</span></a>
<ul>
href="#WikiFilter_system_requirements"><span class="tocnumber">12.2.1</span> <span
class="toctext">WikiFilter system requirements</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="#How_to_set_up_WikiFilter"><span
class="tocnumber">12.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">How to set up
WikiFilter</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#WikiTaxi_(for_Windows)"><span
class="tocnumber">12.3</span> <span class="toctext">WikiTaxi (for
Windows)</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40"><a href="#WikiTaxi_system_requirements"><span
class="tocnumber">12.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">WikiTaxi system
requirements</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-41"><a href="#WikiTaxi_usage"><span
class="tocnumber">12.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">WikiTaxi
usage</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
href="#BzReader_and_MzReader_(for_Windows)"><span class="tocnumber">12.4</span>
<span class="toctext">BzReader and MzReader (for Windows)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#EPWING"><span
class="tocnumber">12.5</span> <span class="toctext">EPWING</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#Mirror_building"><span
class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Mirror building</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#WP-MIRROR"><span
class="tocnumber">13.1</span> <span class="toctext">WP-MIRROR</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#See_also"><span
class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="#References"><span
class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#External_links"><span
class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Offline_Wikipedia_readers">Offline Wikipedia

readers</span></h2>
<p>Some of the many ways to read Wikipedia while offline:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/XOWA" title="XOWA">XOWA</a>: (<a
href="#XOWA">§ XOWA</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kiwix" title="Kiwix">Kiwix</a>: (<a
href="#Kiwix">§ Kiwix</a>)</li>
<li>WikiTaxi: <a href="#WikiTaxi_(for_Windows)">§ WikiTaxi (for
Windows)</a></li>
<li>aarddict: <a href="#Aard_Dictionary">§ Aard Dictionary</a></li>
<li>BzReader: <a href="#BzReader_and_MzReader_(for_Windows)">§ BzReader and
MzReader (for Windows)</a></li>
<li>Selected Wikipedia articles as a PDF, OpenDocument, etc.: <a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Books" title="Wikipedia:Books">Wikipedia:Books</a></li>
<li>Selected Wikipedia articles as a printed book: <a
href="/wiki/Help:Books/Printed_books" title="Help:Books/Printed
books">Help:Books/Printed books</a></li>
<li>Wiki as E-Book: <a href="#E-book">§ E-book</a></li>
<li>WikiFilter: <a href="#WikiFilter">§ WikiFilter</a></li>
<li>Wikipedia on rockbox: <a href="#Wikiviewer_for_Rockbox">§ Wikiviewer for
Rockbox</a></li></ul>
<p>Some of them are mobile applications – see "<a
href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedia_mobile_applications" title="List of Wikipedia mobile
applications">list of Wikipedia mobile applications</a>".
</p>
<h2><span id="Where_do_I_get_it.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline"
id="Where_do_I_get_it?">Where do I get it?</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="English-language_Wikipedia">English-language
Wikipedia</span></h3>
<ul><li>Dumps from any Wikimedia Foundation project: <span class="url"><a
class="external text" href="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/">dumps<wbr
/>.wikimedia<wbr />.org</a></span> and the <a
href="//archive.org/details/wikimediadownloads" class="extiw"
title="iarchive:wikimediadownloads">Internet Archive</a></li>
<li>English Wikipedia dumps in SQL and XML: <span class="url"><a class="external
text" href="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/enwiki/">dumps<wbr />.wikimedia<wbr
/>.org<wbr />/enwiki<wbr />/</a></span> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external
text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=subject%3A%22enwiki%22%20AND
%20subject%3A%22data%20dumps%22%20AND%20collection%3A%22wikimediadownloads
%22">Internet Archive</a>
<ul><li><a class="external text"
href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_dump_torrents#English_Wikipedia">Downloa
d</a> the data dump using a BitTorrent client (torrenting has many benefits and
reduces server load, saving bandwidth costs).</li>
<li>pages-articles-multistream.xml.bz2 – Current revisions only, no talk or user
pages; this is probably what you want, and is approximately 18 GB compressed
(expands to over 78 GB when decompressed).</li>
<li>pages-meta-current.xml.bz2 – Current revisions only, all pages (including
talk)</li>
<li>abstract.xml.gz – page abstracts</li>
<li>all-titles-in-ns0.gz – Article titles only (with redirects)</li>
<li>SQL files for the pages and links are also available</li>
<li>All revisions, all pages: <b>These files expand to multiple <a
href="/wiki/Terabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Terabyte">terabytes</a> of text.
Please only download these if you know you can cope with this quantity of data.</b>
Go to <a class="external text"
href="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/enwiki/latest/">Latest Dumps</a> and look out for
all the files that have 'pages-meta-history' in their name.</li></ul></li>
<li>To download a subset of the database in XML format, such as a specific category
or a list of articles see: <a href="/wiki/Special:Export"
title="Special:Export">Special:Export</a>, usage of which is described at <a
href="/wiki/Help:Export" title="Help:Export">Help:Export</a>.</li>
<li>Wiki front-end software: <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki"
title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> <a class="external autonumber"
href="https://www.mediawiki.org">[1]</a>.</li>
<li>Database backend software: <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a>.</li>
<li>Image dumps: See below.</li></ul>
<h2><span id="Should_I_get_multistream.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline"
id="Should_I_get_multistream?">Should I get multistream?</span></h2>
<p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output
.tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span title="In
summary" class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted"><b>TL;DR</b></span>:
<b>GET THE MULTISTREAM VERSION!</b> (and the corresponding index file, <i>pages-
articles-multistream-index.txt.bz2</i>)
</p><p><i>pages-articles.xml.bz2</i> and <i>pages-articles-multistream.xml.bz2</i>
both contain the same <i>xml</i> contents. So if you unpack either, you get the
same data. But with multistream, it is possible to get an article from the archive
without unpacking the whole thing. Your reader should handle this for you, if your
reader doesn't support it it will work anyway since multistream and non-multistream
contain the same <i>xml</i>. The only downside to multistream is that it is
marginally larger. You might be tempted to get the smaller non-multistream archive,
but this will be useless if you don't unpack it. And it will unpack to ~5-10 times
its original size. Penny wise, pound stupid. Get multistream.
</p><p>NOTE THAT the multistream dump file contains multiple bz2 'streams' (bz2
header, body, footer) concatenated together into one file, in contrast to the
vanilla file which contains one stream. Each separate 'stream' (or really, file) in
the multistream dump contains 100 pages, except possibly the last one.
</p>
<h3><span id="How_to_use_multistream.3F"></span><span class="mw-headline"
id="How_to_use_multistream?">How to use multistream?</span></h3>
<p>For multistream, you can get an index file, <i>pages-articles-multistream-
index.txt.bz2</i>. The first field of this index is the number of bytes to seek
into the compressed archive <i>pages-articles-multistream.xml.bz2</i>, the second
is the article ID, the third the article title.
</p><p>Cut a small part out of the archive with dd using the byte offset as found
in the index. You could then either bzip2 decompress it or use bzip2recover, and
search the first file for the article ID.
</p><p>See <a rel="nofollow" class="external free"
href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/bz2.html#bz2.BZ2Decompressor">https://docs.
python.org/3/library/bz2.html#bz2.BZ2Decompressor</a> for info about such
multistream files and about how to decompress them with python; see also <a
class="external free"
href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/dumps/
+/ariel/toys/bz2multistream/README.txt">https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/giti
les/operations/dumps/+/ariel/toys/bz2multistream/README.txt</a> and related files
for an old working toy.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_languages">Other languages</span></h3>
<p>In the <span class="url"><a class="external text"
href="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/">dumps<wbr />.wikimedia<wbr />.org</a></span>
directory you will find the latest SQL and XML dumps for the projects, not just
English. The sub-directories are named for the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-
1_codes" title="List of ISO 639-1 codes">language code</a> and the appropriate
project. Some other directories (e.g. simple, nostalgia) exist, with the same
structure. These dumps are also available from the <a
href="//archive.org/details/wikimediadownloads" class="extiw"
title="iarchive:wikimediadownloads">Internet Archive</a>.
</p>
<h2><span
id="Where_are_the_uploaded_files_.28image.2C_audio.2C_video.2C_etc..29.3F"></span><
span class="mw-headline"
id="Where_are_the_uploaded_files_(image,_audio,_video,_etc.)?">Where are the
uploaded files (image, audio, video, etc.)?</span></h2>
<p>Images and other uploaded media are available from mirrors in addition to being
served directly from Wikimedia servers. Bulk download is (as of September 2013)
available from mirrors but not offered directly from Wikimedia servers. See the <a
href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mirroring_Wikimedia_project_XML_dumps#Media"
class="extiw" title="m:Mirroring Wikimedia project XML dumps">list of current
mirrors</a>. You should <a href="/wiki/Rsync" title="Rsync">rsync</a> from the
mirror, then fill in the missing images from <a class="external text"
href="https://upload.wikimedia.org">upload.wikimedia.org</a>; when downloading from
<code>upload.wikimedia.org</code> you should throttle yourself to 1 cache miss per
second (you can check headers on a response to see if was a hit or miss and then
back off when you get a miss) and you shouldn't use more than one or two
simultaneous HTTP connections. In any case, make sure you have an accurate <a
href="/wiki/User_agent" title="User agent">user agent</a> string with contact info
(email address) so ops can contact you if there's an issue. You should be getting
checksums from the mediawiki API and verifying them. The <a
href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API:Etiquette" class="extiw"
title="mw:API:Etiquette">API Etiquette</a> page contains some guidelines, although
not all of them apply (for example, because upload.wikimedia.org isn't MediaWiki,
there is no <code>maxlag</code> parameter).
</p><p>Unlike most article text, images are not necessarily licensed under the GFDL
& CC-BY-SA-3.0. They may be under one of many <a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_copyright_tags/Free_licenses" title="Wikipedia:File
copyright tags/Free licenses">free licenses</a>, in the <a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_copyright_tags/Public_domain" title="Wikipedia:File
copyright tags/Public domain">public domain</a>, believed to be <a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_copyright_tags/Non-free" title="Wikipedia:File copyright
tags/Non-free">fair use</a>, or even copyright infringements (which should be <a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IFD" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IFD">deleted</a>).
In particular, use of fair use images outside the context of Wikipedia or similar
works may be illegal. Images under most licenses require a credit, and possibly
other attached copyright information. This information is included in image
description pages, which are part of the text dumps available from <a
class="external text" href="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/">dumps.wikimedia.org</a>.
In conclusion, download these images at your own risk (<a class="external text"
href="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/legal.html">Legal</a>)
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Dealing_with_compressed_files">Dealing with
compressed files</span></h2>
<p>Compressed dump files are significantly compressed, thus after being
decompressed will take up <b>large</b> amounts of drive space. A large list of
decompression programs are described in <a
href="/wiki/Comparison_of_file_archivers" title="Comparison of file
archivers">Comparison of file archivers</a>. The following programs in particular
can be used to decompress bzip2 <a href="/wiki/.bz2" class="mw-redirect"
title=".bz2">.bz2</a> <a href="/wiki/.zip" class="mw-redirect"
title=".zip">.zip</a> and <a href="/wiki/.7z" class="mw-redirect"
title=".7z">.7z</a> files.
</p>
<dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft
Windows">Windows</a></dt></dl>
<p>Beginning with <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a>, a
basic decompression program enables decompression of zip files.<sup id="cite_ref-1"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> Among others, the
following can be used to decompress bzip2 files.
</p>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://sourceware.org/pub/bzip2/v102/bzip2-102-x86-win32.exe">bzip2
(command-line)</a> (from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://www.sourceware.org/bzip2/">here</a>) is available for free under a
BSD license.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/7-Zip" title="7-Zip">7-Zip</a> is available for free under an <a
href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public
License">LGPL</a> license.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WinRAR" title="WinRAR">WinRAR</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WinZip" title="WinZip">WinZip</a></li></ul>
<dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a> (Mac)</dt></dl>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="OS X">OS X</a> ships with
the command-line bzip2 tool.</li></ul>
<dl><dt>GNU/<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></dt></dl>
<ul><li>Most GNU/Linux distributions ship with the command-line bzip2
tool.</li></ul>
<dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software
Distribution">Berkeley Software Distribution</a> (BSD)</dt></dl>
<ul><li>Some BSD systems ship with the command-line bzip2 tool as part of the
operating system. Others, such as <a href="/wiki/OpenBSD"
title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a>, provide it as a package which must first be
installed.</li></ul>
<dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl>
<ol><li>Some older versions of bzip2 may not be able to handle files larger than 2
GB, so make sure you have the latest version if you experience any problems.</li>
<li>Some older archives are compressed with gzip, which is compatible with PKZIP
(the most common Windows format).</li></ol>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Dealing_with_large_files">Dealing with large
files</span></h2>
<p>As files grow in size, so does the likelihood they will exceed some limit of a
computing device. Each operating system, file system, hard storage device, and
software (application) has a maximum file size limit. Each one of these will likely
have a different maximum, and the lowest limit of all of them will become the file
size limit for a storage device.
</p><p>The older the software in a computing device, the more likely it will have a
2 GB file limit somewhere in the system. This is due to older software using 32-bit
integers for file indexing, which limits file sizes to 2^31 bytes (2 GB) (for
signed integers), or 2^32 (4 GB) (for unsigned integers). Older <a
href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> <a
href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">programming
libraries</a> have this 2 or 4 GB limit, but the newer file libraries have been
converted to 64-bit integers thus supporting file sizes up to 2^63 or 2^64 bytes (8
or 16 <a href="/wiki/Exabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Exabyte">EB</a>).
</p><p>Before starting a download of a large file, check the storage device to
ensure its file system can support files of such a large size, and check the amount
of free space to ensure that it can hold the downloaded file.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="File_system_limits">File system
limits</span></h3>
<p>There are two limits for a file system: the file system size limit, and the file
system limit. In general, since the file size limit is less than the file system
limit, the larger file system limits are a moot point. A large percentage of users
assume they can create files up to the size of their storage device, but are wrong
in their assumption. For example, a 16 GB storage device formatted as FAT32 file
system has a file limit of 4 GB for any single file. The following is a list of the
most common file systems, and see <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_file_systems#Limits"
title="Comparison of file systems">Comparison of file systems</a> for additional
detailed information.
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation
Table">FAT16</a> supports files up to 4 <a href="/wiki/Gigabyte"
title="Gigabyte">GB</a>. FAT16 is the factory format of smaller <a href="/wiki/USB"
title="USB">USB</a> drives and all <a href="/wiki/Secure_Digital" class="mw-
redirect" title="Secure Digital">SD</a> cards that are 2 GB or smaller.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT32</a>
supports files up to 4 GB. FAT32 is the factory format of larger <a
href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> drives and all <a href="/wiki/Secure_Digital"
class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital">SDHC</a> cards that are 4 GB or
larger.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a> supports files up to 127 <a
href="/wiki/Petabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Petabyte">PB</a>. exFAT is the
factory format of all <a href="/wiki/Secure_Digital" class="mw-redirect"
title="Secure Digital">SDXC</a> cards, but is incompatible with most flavors of
UNIX due to licensing problems.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a> supports files up to 16 <a
href="/wiki/Terabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Terabyte">TB</a>. NTFS is the
default file system for modern <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft
Windows">Windows</a> computers, including Windows 2000, Windows XP, and all their
successors to date. Versions after Windows 8 can support larger files if the file
system is formatted with a larger cluster size.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ReFS" title="ReFS">ReFS</a> supports files up to 16 <a
href="/wiki/Exabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Exabyte">EB</a>.</li></ul>
<dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Macintosh" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a> (Mac)</dt></dl>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/HFS_Plus" title="HFS Plus">HFS Plus</a> (HFS+) supports
files up to 8 <a href="/wiki/Exabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Exabyte">EB</a> on
<a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a> 10.2+
and <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>. HFS+ was the default file system for
<a href="/wiki/OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="OS X">OS X</a> computers prior to
<a href="/wiki/MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">macOS High Sierra</a>
in 2017 when it was replaced as default with <a href="/wiki/Apple_File_System"
title="Apple File System">Apple File System</a>, <a href="/wiki/APFS" class="mw-
redirect" title="APFS">APFS</a>.</li></ul>
<dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></dt></dl>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ext2" title="Ext2">ext2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ext3"
title="Ext3">ext3</a> supports files up to 16 GB, but up to 2 TB with larger block
sizes. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external free"
href="https://users.suse.com/~aj/linux_lfs.html">https://users.suse.com/~aj/linux_l
fs.html</a> for more information.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ext4" title="Ext4">ext4</a> supports files up to 16 TB, using 4
KB block size. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/F17Ext4Above16T">limit removed in
e2fsprogs-1.42 (2012)</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/XFS" title="XFS">XFS</a> supports files up to 8 EB.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/ReiserFS" title="ReiserFS">ReiserFS</a> supports files up to 1
EB, 8 TB on 32-bit systems.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/JFS_(file_system)" title="JFS (file system)">JFS</a> supports
files up to 4 PB.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Btrfs" title="Btrfs">Btrfs</a> supports files up to 16 EB.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NILFS" title="NILFS">NILFS</a> supports files up to 8 EB.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/YAFFS" title="YAFFS">YAFFS</a>2 supports files up to 2
GB</li></ul>
<dl><dt><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a></dt></dl>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZFS" title="ZFS">ZFS</a> supports files up to 16
EB.</li></ul>
<dl><dt>FreeBSD and other BSDs</dt></dl>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unix_File_System" title="Unix File System">Unix File
System</a> (UFS) supports files up to 8 ZiB.</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Operating_system_limits">Operating system
limits</span></h3>
<p>Each operating system has internal file system limits for file size and drive
size, which is independent of the file system or physical media. If the operating
system has any limits lower than the file system or physical media, then the OS
limits will be the real limit.
</p>
<ul><li>Windows 95, 98, ME have a 4 GB limit for all file sizes.</li>
<li>Windows XP has a 16 TB limit for all file sizes.</li>
<li>Windows 7 has a 16 TB limit for all file sizes.</li>
<li>Windows 8, 10, and Server 2012 have a 256 TB limit for all file
sizes.</li></ul>
<dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></dt></dl>
<ul><li>32-bit kernel 2.4.x systems have a 2 TB limit for all file systems.</li>
<li>64-bit kernel 2.4.x systems have an 8 EB limit for all file systems.</li>
<li>32-bit kernel 2.6.x systems without option CONFIG_LBD have a 2 TB limit for all
file systems.</li>
<li>32-bit kernel 2.6.x systems with option CONFIG_LBD and all 64-bit kernel 2.6.x
systems have an 8 ZB limit for all file systems.<sup id="cite_ref-3"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup></li></ul>
<dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> <a
href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating
system)">Android</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<p>Google Android is based on Linux, which determines its base limits.
</p>
<ul><li>Internal storage:
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating
system)">Android</a> 2.3 and later uses the <a href="/wiki/Ext4"
title="Ext4">ext4</a> file system.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating
system)">Android</a> 2.2 and earlier uses the <a href="/wiki/YAFFS"
title="YAFFS">YAFFS</a>2 file system.</li></ul></li>
<li>External storage slots:
<ul><li>All Android devices should support FAT16, FAT32, ext2 file systems.</li>
<li>Android 2.3 and later supports ext4 file system.</li></ul></li></ul>
<dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> <a href="/wiki/IOS"
title="IOS">iOS</a> (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_iOS_devices" class="mw-redirect"
title="List of iOS devices">List of iOS devices</a>)</dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<ul><li>All devices support <a href="/wiki/HFS_Plus" title="HFS Plus">HFS Plus</a>
(HFS+) for internal storage. No devices have external storage slots. Devices on
10.3 or later run <a href="/wiki/Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">Apple
File System</a> supporting a max file size of 8 EB.</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Tips">Tips</span></h3>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Detect_corrupted_files">Detect corrupted
files</span></h4>
<p>It is useful to check the <a href="/wiki/MD5" title="MD5">MD5</a> sums (provided
in a file in the download directory) to make sure the download was complete and
accurate. This can be checked by running the "md5sum" command on the files
downloaded. Given their sizes, this may take some time to calculate. Due to the
technical details of how files are stored, <i>file sizes</i> may be reported
differently on different filesystems, and so are not necessarily reliable. Also,
corruption may have occurred during the download, though this is unlikely.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Reformatting_external_USB_drives">Reformatting
external USB drives</span></h4>
<p>If you plan to download Wikipedia Dump files to one computer and use an external
<a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">USB flash drive</a> or <a
href="/wiki/Disk_enclosure" title="Disk enclosure">hard drive</a> to copy them to
other computers, then you will run into the 4 GB FAT32 file size limit. To work
around this limit, reformat the >4 GB USB drive to a file system that supports
larger file sizes. If working exclusively with Windows XP/Vista/7 computers, then
reformat the USB drive to NTFS file system.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Linux_and_Unix">Linux and Unix</span></h4>
<p>If you seem to be hitting the 2 GB limit, try using <a href="/wiki/Wget"
title="Wget">wget</a> version 1.10 or greater, <a href="/wiki/CURL"
title="CURL">cURL</a> version 7.11.1-1 or greater, or a recent version of <a
href="/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)" title="Lynx (web browser)">lynx</a> (using -dump).
Also, you can resume downloads (for example wget -c).
</p>
<h2><span
id="Why_not_just_retrieve_data_from_wikipedia.org_at_runtime.3F"></span><span
class="mw-headline"
id="Why_not_just_retrieve_data_from_wikipedia.org_at_runtime?">Why not just
retrieve data from <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Main Page">wikipedia.org</a> at
runtime?</span></h2>
<p>Suppose you are building a piece of software that at certain points displays
information that came from Wikipedia. If you want your program to display the
information in a different way than can be seen in the live version, you'll
probably need the wikicode that is used to enter it, instead of the finished HTML.
</p><p>Also, if you want to get all the data, you'll probably want to transfer it
in the most efficient way that's possible. The wikipedia.org servers need to do
quite a bit of work to convert the wikicode into HTML. That's time consuming both
for you and for the wikipedia.org servers, so simply spidering all pages is not the
way to go.
</p><p>To access any article in XML, one at a time, access <a
href="/wiki/Special:Export/Title_of_the_article" title="Special:Export/Title of the
article">Special:Export/Title of the article</a>.
</p><p>Read more about this at <a href="/wiki/Special:Export"
title="Special:Export">Special:Export</a>.
</p><p>Please be aware that live mirrors of Wikipedia that are dynamically loaded
from the Wikimedia servers are prohibited. Please see <a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mirrors_and_forks" title="Wikipedia:Mirrors and
forks">Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Please_do_not_use_a_web_crawler">Please do not
use a web crawler</span></h3>
<p>Please do not use a <a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">web
crawler</a> to download large numbers of articles. Aggressive crawling of the
server can cause a dramatic slow-down of Wikipedia.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Sample_blocked_crawler_email">Sample blocked
crawler email</span></h4>
<dl><dd>IP address <i><b>nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn</b></i> was retrieving up to 50 pages per
second from wikipedia.org addresses. Something like at least a second delay between
requests is reasonable. Please respect that setting. If you must exceed it a
little, do so only during the least busy times shown in our site load graphs at
<b><span class="url"><a class="external text"
href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/ChartsWikipediaZZ.htm">stats<wbr
/>.wikimedia<wbr />.org<wbr />/EN<wbr />/ChartsWikipediaZZ<wbr
/>.htm</a></span></b>. It's worth noting that to crawl the whole site at one hit
per second will take several weeks. The originating IP is now blocked or will be
shortly. Please contact us if you want it unblocked. Please don't try to circumvent
it – we'll just block your whole IP range.</dd></dl>
<dl><dd>If you want information on how to get our content more efficiently, we
offer a variety of methods, including weekly database dumps which you can load into
MySQL and crawl locally at any rate you find convenient. Tools are also available
which will do that for you as often as you like once you have the infrastructure in
place.</dd></dl>
<dl><dd>Instead of an email reply you may prefer to visit <span style="font-family:
monospace,Courier; white-space: pre-wrap !important; word-wrap: break-word; max-
width: 1200px; overflow: auto;">#mediawiki</span> <sup class="plainlinks"><a
rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.libera.chat/?
channel=#mediawiki"><span style="color:green;">connect</span></a></sup> at
irc.libera.chat to discuss your options with our team.</dd></dl>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"
id="Doing_SQL_queries_on_the_current_database_dump">Doing SQL queries on the
current database dump</span></h3>
<p>You can do SQL queries on the current database dump using <a rel="nofollow"
class="external text" href="https://quarry.wmflabs.org">Quarry</a> (as a
replacement for the disabled <a href="/wiki/Special:Asksql" class="new"
title="Special:Asksql (page does not exist)">Special:Asksql</a> page).
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Database_schema">Database schema</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="SQL_schema">SQL schema</span></h3>
<p><i>See also: <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Database_layout"
class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:Database layout">mw:Manual:Database layout</a></i>
</p><p>The sql file used to initialize a MediaWiki database can be found <a
class="external text"
href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/diffusion/MW/browse/master/maintenance/tabl
es.sql">here</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="XML_schema">XML schema</span></h3>
<p>The XML schema for each dump is defined at the top of the file. And also
described in the <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Export#Export_format"
class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Export">MediaWiki export help page</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Help_to_parse_dumps_for_use_in_scripts">Help to
parse dumps for use in scripts</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Computer_help_desk/ParseMediaWikiDump" class="mw-
redirect" title="Wikipedia:Computer help
desk/ParseMediaWikiDump">Wikipedia:Computer help desk/ParseMediaWikiDump</a>
describes the <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> Parse::MediaWikiDump
library, which can parse XML dumps.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070907074625/http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~gabr
/resources/code/wikiprep">Wikipedia preprocessor (wikiprep.pl)</a> is a <a
href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> script that preprocesses raw XML dumps and
builds link tables, category hierarchies, collects anchor text for each article
etc.</li>
href="https://github.com/svick/Wikipedia-SQl-dump-parser">Wikipedia SQL dump
parser</a> is a .NET library to read MySQL dumps without the need to use MySQL
database</li>
href="https://github.com/MartinRichards23/WikiDumpParser">WikiDumpParser</a> – a
.NET Core libary to parse the database dumps.</li>
href="https://github.com/newca12/dictionary-builder">Dictionary Builder</a> is a
Rust program that can parse XML dumps and extract entries in files</li>
href="https://github.com/napsternxg/WikiUtils">Scripts for parsing Wikipedia
dumps</a> – Python based scripts for parsing sql.gz files from wikipedia
dumps.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crates.io/crates/parse-
mediawiki-sql/">parse-mediawiki-sql</a> – a Rust library for quickly parsing the
SQL dump files with minimal memory allocation</li></ul>
id="Doing_Hadoop_MapReduce_on_the_Wikipedia_current_database_dump">Doing Hadoop
MapReduce on the Wikipedia current database dump</span></h3>
<p>You can do Hadoop MapReduce queries on the current database dump, but you will
need an extension to the InputRecordFormat to
have each <page> </page> be a single mapper input. A working set of
java methods (jobControl, mapper, reducer, and XmlInputRecordFormat) is available
at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//tpmoyer-
gallery.appspot.com/hadoopWikipedia">Hadoop on the Wikipedia</a>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Help_to_import_dumps_into_MySQL">Help to import
dumps into MySQL</span></h2>
<p>See:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Importing_XML_dumps"
class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:Importing XML dumps">mw:Manual:Importing XML
dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_dumps" class="extiw"
title="m:Data dumps">m:Data dumps</a></li></ul>
id="Static_HTML_tree_dumps_for_mirroring_or_CD_distribution">Static HTML tree dumps
for mirroring or CD distribution</span></h2>
<p>MediaWiki 1.5 includes routines to dump a wiki to HTML, rendering the HTML with
the same parser used on a live wiki. As the following page states, putting one of
these dumps on the web unmodified will constitute a trademark violation. They are
intended for private viewing in an intranet or desktop installation.
</p>
<ul><li>If you want to draft a traditional website in Mediawiki and dump it to HTML
format, you might want to try <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://barnesc.blogspot.com/2005/10/mw2html-export-mediawiki-to-
static.html">mw2html</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:Connelly"
title="User:Connelly">User:Connelly</a>.</li>
<li>If you'd like to help develop dump-to-static HTML tools, please drop us a note
on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mailing_lists" title="Wikipedia:Mailing lists">the
developers' mailing list</a>.</li>
<li>Static HTML dumps are now available <a class="external text"
href="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/other/static_html_dumps/">here</a>, but are not
current.</li></ul>
<p><b>See also:</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Alternative_parsers" class="extiw"
title="mw:Alternative parsers">mw:Alternative parsers</a> lists some other not
working options for getting static HTML dumps</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snapshots"
title="Wikipedia:Snapshots">Wikipedia:Snapshots</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TomeRaider_database" title="Wikipedia:TomeRaider
database">Wikipedia:TomeRaider database</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Kiwix">Kiwix</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a
href="/wiki/File:Kiwix_on_Android.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kiwix_on_Android.jpg/220px
-Kiwix_on_Android.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kiwix_on_Android.jpg/33
0px-Kiwix_on_Android.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kiwix_on_Android.jpg/440px-
Kiwix_on_Android.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Kiwix_on_Android.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Kiwix on an Android tablet</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Kiwix" title="Kiwix">Kiwix</a> is by far the largest offline
distribution of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> to date.
As an offline reader, Kiwix works with a library of contents that are zim files:
you can pick & choose whichever <a
href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation#Wikimedia_projects" title="Wikimedia
Foundation">Wikimedia project</a> (Wikipedia in any language, <a
href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>, etc.), as well as <a
href="/wiki/TED_Talks" class="mw-redirect" title="TED Talks">TED Talks</a>, <a
href="/wiki/PhET_Interactive_Simulations" title="PhET Interactive Simulations">PhET
Interactive Maths & Physics simulations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gutenberg_Project"
class="mw-redirect" title="Gutenberg Project">Gutenberg Project</a>, etc.
</p><p>It is free and open source, and currently available for download on:
</p>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?
id=org.kiwix.kiwixmobile">Android</a></li>
href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/kiwix/id997079563?mt=8">iOS</a></li>
href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/kiwix-desktop/id1275066656">macOS</a></li>
href="https://download.kiwix.org/release/kiwix-desktop/kiwix-
desktop_windows_x64.zip">Windows</a> & <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9P8SLZ4J979J">Windows 10 (UWP)</a></li>
href="https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.kiwix.desktop">GNU/Linux</a></li></ul>
<p>... as well as extensions for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/kiwix/donaljnlmapmngakoipdmehbfcioa
hhk">Chrome</a> & <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://addons.mozilla.org/fr/firefox/addon/kiwix-offline/">Firefox</a>
browsers, server solutions, etc. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://kiwix.org">official Website</a> for the complete Kiwix portfolio.
</p>
<h3><span id="Aard_Dictionary_.2F_Aard_2"></span><span class="mw-headline"
id="Aard_Dictionary_/_Aard_2">Aard Dictionary / Aard 2</span></h3>
<p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/aarddict">Aard
Dictionary</a> is an offline Wikipedia reader. No images. Cross-platform for
Windows, Mac, Linux, Android, Maemo. Runs on rooted Nook and Sony PRS-T1 eBooks
readers.
</p><p>It also has a successor <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://aarddict.org/">Aard 2</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="E-book">E-book</span></h3>
<p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki-as-
ebook.sourceforge.net/">wiki-as-ebook</a> store provides ebooks created from a
large set of Wikipedia articles with grayscale images for e-book-readers (2013).
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wikiviewer_for_Rockbox">Wikiviewer for <a
href="/wiki/Rockbox" title="Rockbox">Rockbox</a></span></h3>
<p>The wikiviewer plugin for rockbox permits viewing converted Wikipedia dumps on
many <a href="/wiki/Rockbox" title="Rockbox">Rockbox</a> devices.
It needs a custom build and conversion of the wiki dumps using the instructions
available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free"
href="http://www.rockbox.org/tracker/4755">http://www.rockbox.org/tracker/4755</a>
. The conversion recompresses the file and splits it into 1 <a
href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">GB</a> files and an index file which all
need to be in the same folder on the device or micro sd card.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Old_dumps">Old dumps</span></h3>
<ul><li>The static version of Wikipedia created by Wikimedia: <a class="external
free" href="https://static.wikipedia.org/">http://static.wikipedia.org/</a> Feb.
11, 2013 - This is apparently offline now. There was no content.</li>
href="http://www.tommasoconforti.com/">Wiki2static</a> (site down as of
October 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update"
style="display:none;"><a class="external text"
title=Database_download&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>) <b>was</b> an
experimental program set up by <a href="/wiki/User:Alfio"
title="User:Alfio">User:Alfio</a> to generate html dumps, inclusive of images,
search function and alphabetical index. At the linked site experimental dumps and
the script itself can be downloaded. As an example it was used to generate these
copies of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://fixedreference.org/en/20040424/wikipedia/Main_Page">English WikiPedia
24 April 04</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040618150011/http://fixedreference.org/simple/2
0040501/wikipedia/Main_Page">Simple WikiPedia 1 May 04</a>(old database) format and
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://july.fixedreference.org/en/20040724/wikipedia/Main_Page">English
WikiPedia 24 July 04</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://july.fixedreference.org/simple/20040724/wikipedia/Main_Page">Simple
WikiPedia 24 July 04</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://july.fixedreference.org/fr/20040727/wikipedia/Accueil">WikiPedia
Francais 27 Juillet 2004</a> (new format). <a href="/wiki/User:BozMo"
title="User:BozMo">BozMo</a> uses a version to generate periodic static copies at
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fixedreference.org/">fixed
reference</a> (site down as of October 2017).</li></ul>
id="Dynamic_HTML_generation_from_a_local_XML_database_dump">Dynamic HTML generation
from a local XML database dump</span></h2>
<p>Instead of converting a database dump file to many pieces of static HTML, one
can also use a dynamic HTML generator. Browsing a wiki page is just like browsing a
Wiki site, but the content is fetched and converted from a local dump file on
request from the browser.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="XOWA">XOWA</span></h3>
<p><a href="/wiki/XOWA" title="XOWA">XOWA</a> is a free, open-source application
that helps download Wikipedia to a computer. Access all of Wikipedia offline,
without an internet connection!
It is currently in the beta stage of development, but is functional. It is
available for download <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://xowa.org/home/wiki/Help/Download_XOWA.html">here</a>.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Features">Features</span></h4>
<ul><li>Displays all articles from Wikipedia without an internet connection.</li>
<li>Download a complete, recent copy of English Wikipedia.</li>
<li>Display 5.2+ million articles in full HTML formatting.</li>
<li>Show images within an article. Access 3.7+ million images using the offline
image databases.</li>
<li>Works with any Wikimedia wiki, including Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikisource,
Wikiquote, Wikivoyage (also some non-wmf dumps)</li>
<li>Works with any non-English language wiki such as French Wikipedia, German
Wikisource, Dutch Wikivoyage, etc.</li>
<li>Works with other specialized wikis such as Wikidata, Wikimedia Commons,
Wikispecies, or any other MediaWiki generated dump</li>
<li>Set up over 660+ other wikis including:
<ul><li>English Wiktionary</li>
<li>English Wikisource</li>
<li>English Wikiquote</li>
<li>English Wikivoyage</li>
<li>Non-English wikis, such as French Wiktionary, German Wikisource, Dutch
Wikivoyage</li>
<li>Wikidata</li>
<li>Wikimedia Commons</li>
<li>Wikispecies</li>
<li>... and many more!</li></ul></li>
<li>Update your wiki whenever you want, using Wikimedia's database backups.</li>
<li>Navigate between offline wikis. Click on "Look up this word in Wiktionary" and
instantly view the page in Wiktionary.</li>
<li>Edit articles to remove vandalism or errors.</li>
<li>Install to a flash memory card for portability to other machines.</li>
<li>Run on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X.</li>
<li>View the HTML for any wiki page.</li>
<li>Search for any page by title using a Wikipedia-like Search box.</li>
<li>Browse pages by alphabetical order using Special:AllPages.</li>
<li>Find a word on a page.</li>
<li>Access a history of viewed pages.</li>
<li>Bookmark your favorite pages.</li>
<li>Downloads images and other files on demand (when connected to the
internet)</li>
<li>Sets up Simple Wikipedia in less than 5 minutes</li>
<li>Can be customized at many levels: from keyboard shortcuts to HTML layouts to
internal options</li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Main_features">Main features</span></h4>
<ol><li>Very fast searching</li>
<li>Keyword (actually, title words) based searching</li>
<li>Search produces multiple possible articles: you can choose amongst them</li>
<li>LaTeX based rendering for mathematical formulae</li>
<li>Minimal space requirements: the original .bz2 file plus the index</li>
<li>Very fast installation (a matter of hours) compared to loading the dump into
MySQL</li></ol>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="WikiFilter">WikiFilter</span></h3>
<p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://wikifilter.sourceforge.net/">WikiFilter</a> is a program which allows
you to browse over 100 dump files without visiting a Wiki site.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="WikiFilter_system_requirements">WikiFilter system
requirements</span></h4>
<ul><li>A recent Windows version (Windows XP is fine; Windows 98 and ME won't work
because they don't have NTFS support)</li>
<li>A fair bit of hard drive space (to install you will need about 12–15 Gigabytes;
afterwards you will only need about 10 Gigabytes)</li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="How_to_set_up_WikiFilter">How to set up
WikiFilter</span></h4>
<ol><li>Start downloading a Wikipedia database dump file such as an <a
class="external text" href="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/enwiki/latest/enwiki-
latest-pages-articles.xml.bz2">English Wikipedia dump</a>. It is best to use a
download manager such as <a href="/wiki/GetRight" title="GetRight">GetRight</a> so
you can resume downloading the file even if your computer crashes or is shut down
during the download.</li>
<li>Download XAMPPLITE from <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber"
href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?
group_id=61776&package_id=89552">[2]</a> (you must get the 1.5.0 version for it
to work). Make sure to pick the file whose filename ends with .exe</li>
<li>Install/extract it to C:\XAMPPLITE.</li>
<li>Download WikiFilter 2.3 from this site: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free"
href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/wikifilter">http://sourceforge.net/projects/w
ikifilter</a>. You will have a choice of files to download, so make sure that you
pick the 2.3 version. Extract it to C:\WIKIFILTER.</li>
<li>Copy the WikiFilter.so into your C:\XAMPPLITE\apache\modules folder.</li>
<li>Edit your C:\xampplite\apache\conf\httpd.conf file, and add the following line:
<ul><li>LoadModule WikiFilter_module
"C:/XAMPPLITE/apache/modules/WikiFilter.so"</li></ul></li>
<li>When your Wikipedia file has finished downloading, uncompress it into your
C:\WIKIFILTER folder. (I used WinRAR <a rel="nofollow" class="external free"
href="https://www.rarlab.com/">http://www.rarlab.com/</a> demo version –
BitZipper <a rel="nofollow" class="external free"
href="http://www.bitzipper.com/winrar.html">http://www.bitzipper.com/winrar.html</a
> works well too.)</li>
<li>Run WikiFilter (WikiIndex.exe), and go to your C:\WIKIFILTER folder, and drag
and drop the XML file into the window, click Load, then Start.</li>
<li>After it finishes, exit the window, and go to your C:\XAMPPLITE folder. Run the
setup_xampp.bat file to configure xampp.</li>
<li>When you finish with that, run the Xampp-Control.exe file, and start
Apache.</li>
<li>Browse to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free"
href="http://localhost/wiki">http://localhost/wiki</a> and see if it works
<ul><li>If it doesn't work, see the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?
forum_id=495411">forums</a>.</li></ul></li></ol>
<h3><span id="WikiTaxi_.28for_Windows.29"></span><span class="mw-headline"
id="WikiTaxi_(for_Windows)">WikiTaxi (for Windows)</span></h3>
href="https://www.yunqa.de/delphi/apps/wikitaxi/index">WikiTaxi</a> is an offline-
reader for wikis in MediaWiki format. It enables users to search and browse popular
wikis like Wikipedia, Wikiquote, or WikiNews, without being connected to the
Internet. WikiTaxi works well with different languages like English, German,
Turkish, and others but has a problem with right-to-left language scripts. WikiTaxi
does not display images.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="WikiTaxi_system_requirements">WikiTaxi system
requirements</span></h4>
<ul><li>Any Windows version starting from Windows 95 or later. Large File support
(greater than 4 GB which requires an exFAT filesystem) for the huge wikis (English
only at the time of this writing).</li>
<li>It also works on Linux with <a href="/wiki/Wine_(software)" title="Wine
(software)">Wine</a>.</li>
<li>16 MB RAM minimum for the WikiTaxi reader, 128 MB recommended for the importer
(more for speed).</li>
<li>Storage space for the WikiTaxi database. This requires about 11.7 GiB for the
English Wikipedia (as of 5 April 2011), 2 GB for German, less for other Wikis.
These figures are likely to grow in the future.</li></ul>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="WikiTaxi_usage">WikiTaxi usage</span></h4>
<ol><li>Download WikiTaxi and extract to an empty folder. No installation is
otherwise required.</li>
<li>Download the XML database dump (*.xml.bz2) of your favorite wiki.</li>
<li>Run WikiTaxi_Importer.exe to import the database dump into a WikiTaxi database.
The importer takes care to uncompress the dump as it imports, so make sure to save
your drive space and do not uncompress beforehand.</li>
<li>When the import is finished, start up WikiTaxi.exe and open the generated
database file. You can start searching, browsing, and reading immediately.</li>
<li>After a successful import, the XML dump file is no longer needed and can be
deleted to reclaim disk space.</li>
<li>To update an offline Wiki for WikiTaxi, download and import a more recent
database dump.</li></ol>
<p>For WikiTaxi reading, only two files are required: WikiTaxi.exe and the .taxi
database. Copy them to any storage device (memory stick or memory card) or burn
them to a CD or DVD and take your Wikipedia with you wherever you go!
</p>
<h3><span id="BzReader_and_MzReader_.28for_Windows.29"></span><span class="mw-
headline" id="BzReader_and_MzReader_(for_Windows)">BzReader and MzReader (for
Windows)</span></h3>
href="https://code.google.com/archive/p/bzreader/">BzReader</a> is an offline
Wikipedia reader with fast search capabilities. It renders the Wiki text into HTML
and doesn't need to decompress the database. Requires Microsoft .NET framework 2.0.
</p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://homepage.ntlworld.com/bharat.vadera/MzReader/">MzReader</a> by <a
href="/wiki/User_talk:Mun206" title="User talk:Mun206">Mun206</a> works with
(though is not affiliated with) BzReader, and allows further rendering of wikicode
into better HTML, including an interpretation of the monobook skin. It aims to make
pages more readable. Requires Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Runtime, which is not
supplied with the download. Also requires Inet Control and Internet Controls
(Internet Explorer 6 ActiveX), which are packaged with the download.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="EPWING">EPWING</span></h3>
<p>Offline Wikipedia database in EPWING dictionary format, which is common and an
out-dated <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Industrial_Standards" title="Japanese Industrial
Standards">Japanese Industrial Standards</a> (JIS) in Japan, can be read including
thumbnail images and tables with some rendering limits, on any systems where a
reader is available (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://sites.google.com/site/boookends">Boookends</a>). There are many free
and commercial readers for Windows (including Mobile), Mac OS X, iOS (iPhone,
iPad), Android, Unix-Linux-BSD, DOS, and Java-based browser applications (<a
rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://maximilk.web.fc2.com/viewers.htm">EPWING Viewers</a>).
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Mirror_building">Mirror building</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="WP-MIRROR">WP-MIRROR</span></h3>
<dl><dd><i><b>Important:</b></i> <i>WP-mirror hasn't been supported since 2014, and
community verification is needed that it actually works. <a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Database_download#Does_WP-mirror_work?" title="Wikipedia
talk:Database download">See talk page</a>.</i></dd></dl>
<p><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wp-mirror" class="extiw" title="mw:Wp-
mirror">WP-MIRROR</a> is a free utility for mirroring any desired set of WMF wikis.
That is, it builds a wiki farm that the user can browse locally. WP-MIRROR builds a
complete mirror with original size media files. WP-MIRROR is available for <a
rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nongnu.org/wp-
mirror/">download</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/DBpedia" title="DBpedia">DBpedia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/WikiReader" title="WikiReader">WikiReader</a></li>
<li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Export" class="extiw"
title="m:Export">m:Export</a></li>
<li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Downloading_pages" class="extiw"
title="m:Help:Downloading pages">m:Help:Downloading pages</a></li>
<li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Import" class="extiw"
title="m:Import">m:Import</a></li>
<li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data_dumps/Other_tools" class="extiw"
title="meta:Data dumps/Other tools">Meta:Data dumps/Other tools</a>, for related
tools, e.g. extractors and "dump readers"</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_CD_Selection" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia CD
Selection">Wikipedia:Wikipedia CD Selection</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Size_of_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Size of
Wikipedia">Wikipedia:Size of Wikipedia</a></li>
<li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mirroring_Wikimedia_project_XML_dumps"
class="extiw" title="meta:Mirroring Wikimedia project XML dumps">meta:Mirroring
Wikimedia project XML dumps</a></li>
<li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Static_version_tools" class="extiw"
title="meta:Static version tools">meta:Static version tools</a></li>
<li><a class="external text"
href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Offline_Projects">Wikimedia offline
projects</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-
1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-
deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-
style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output
.id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-
gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6
5/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-
limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation
.cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration
a{background:linear-
gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d
6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-
subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription
a{background:linear-
gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a
a/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-
subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-
subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px
dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-
gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4
c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output
code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-
parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-
visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-
maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-
format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-
wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output
.cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-
selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a
rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://www.howtogeek.com/200698/benchmarked-whats-the-best-file-compression-
format/">"Benchmarked: What's the Best File Compression Format?"</a>. <i>How To
Geek</i>. How-To Geek, LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span
class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=How+To+Geek&rft.atitle=Benchmar
ked%3A+What%E2%80%99s+the+Best+File+Compression+Format%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F
%2Fwww.howtogeek.com%2F200698%2Fbenchmarked-whats-the-best-file-compression-format
%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ADatabase+download"
class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-
style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a
rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-
us/help/14200/windows-compress-uncompress-zip-files">"Zip and unzip files"</a>.
<i>Microsoft</i>. Microsoft<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span
class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft&rft.atitle=Zip+and+un
zip+files&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fhelp
%2F14200%2Fwindows-compress-uncompress-zip-files&rfr_id=info%3Asid
%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia%3ADatabase+download" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external
text" href="http://www.suse.com/~aj/linux_lfs.html">Large File Support in
Linux</a></span>
</li>
4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external
text" href="http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Android-2-3-Gingerbread-to-use-
Ext4-file-system-1152775.html">Android 2.2 and before used YAFFS file system;
December 14, 2010.</a></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://dumps.wikimedia.org/">Wikimedia
downloads</a>.</li>
href="http://dammit.lt/wikistats/">Domas visits logs</a> (<a rel="nofollow"
class="external text" href="http://infodisiac.com/blog/2010/07/wikimedia-page-
views-some-good-and-bad-news/">read this!</a>). Also, <a rel="nofollow"
class="external text"
href="https://archive.org/details/wikipedia_visitor_stats_200712">old data</a> in
<a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">the Internet
Archive</a>.</li>
<li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mailing_lists/Overview" class="extiw"
title="meta:Mailing lists/Overview">Wikimedia mailing lists</a> archives.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/User:Emijrp/Wikipedia_Archive" title="User:Emijrp/Wikipedia
Archive">User:Emijrp/Wikipedia Archive</a>. An effort to find all the Wiki[mp]edia
available data, and to encourage people to download it and save it around the
globe.</li>
href="https://github.com/WikiTeam/wikiteam/blob/master/wikipediadownloader.py">Scri
pt to download all Wikipedia 7z dumps</a>.</li></ul>



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