Understanding College

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">College</h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-
ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-
searchable">This article is about educational colleges. For other uses, see <a
href="/wiki/College_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="College
(disambiguation)">College (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux"
style="display:none">Higher education institution</div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a
href="/wiki/File:Corpus_Christi_College_New_Court,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg"
class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Corpus_Christi_College_New
_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/300px-Corpus_Christi_College_New_Court
%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="130"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Corpus_Christi_College_
New_Court%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/450px-Corpus_Christi_College_New_Court
%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Corpus_Christi_College_New_Cour
t%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/600px-Corpus_Christi_College_New_Court
%2C_Cambridge%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10000" data-file-
height="4332" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Corpus_Christi_College_New_Court,_Cambridge,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a
href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Cambridge" title="Corpus Christi College,
Cambridge">Corpus Christi College</a>, one of the constituent <a
href="/wiki/Colleges_of_the_University_of_Cambridge" title="Colleges of the
University of Cambridge">colleges of the University of Cambridge</a> in <a
href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.</div></div></div>
href="/wiki/File:Morgan_Hall_of_Williams_College_in_the_fall_(27_October_2010).jpg"
class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Morgan_Hall_of_Williams_Co
llege_in_the_fall_%2827_October_2010%29.jpg/220px-
Morgan_Hall_of_Williams_College_in_the_fall_%2827_October_2010%29.jpg"
decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Morgan_Hall_of_Williams
_College_in_the_fall_%2827_October_2010%29.jpg/330px-
Morgan_Hall_of_Williams_College_in_the_fall_%2827_October_2010%29.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Morgan_Hall_of_Williams_College
_in_the_fall_%2827_October_2010%29.jpg/440px-
Morgan_Hall_of_Williams_College_in_the_fall_%2827_October_2010%29.jpg 2x" data-
file-width="2592" data-file-height="1760" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div
class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Morgan_Hall_of_Williams_College_in_the_fall_(27_October_2010).jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Williams_College"
title="Williams College">Williams College</a> in <a
href="/wiki/Williamstown,_Massachusetts" title="Williamstown,
Massachusetts">Williamstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts"
title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, one of the oldest <a
href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">liberal arts
colleges</a> in the United States.</div></div></div>
<p>A <b>college</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>:
<i>collegium</i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Educational_institution" title="Educational
institution">educational institution</a> or a <a href="/wiki/University_system"
title="University system">constituent</a> part of one. A college may be a <a
href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">degree</a>-awarding <a
href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary</a> educational
institution, a part of a <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_university" title="Collegiate
university">collegiate or federal university</a>, an institution offering <a
href="/wiki/Vocational_education" title="Vocational education">vocational
education</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary
school">secondary school</a>.
</p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United
States</a>, "college" may refer to a constituent part of a <a
href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> or to a degree-awarding
tertiary educational institution, but generally "college" and "university" are used
interchangeably,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
1">[1]</a></sup> whereas in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom"
title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oceania"
title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South
Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern
Africa</a>, most of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a
href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canada"
title="Canada">Canada</a>, "college" may refer to a <a href="/wiki/High_school"
class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> or secondary school, a
college of <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further
education</a>, a training institution that awards trade qualifications, a higher-
education provider that does not have university status (often without its own
degree-awarding powers), or a constituent part of a university (see <a
href="/wiki/Comparison_of_American_and_British_English#Education" title="Comparison
of American and British English">this comparison</a> of <a
href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British</a> and <a
href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>
educational terminology for further information).
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input
type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox"
style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-
heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel"
for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span
class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Overview"><span
class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Overview</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Higher_education"><span
class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Higher education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Further_education"><span
class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Further
education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Secondary_education"><span
class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Secondary
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Other"><span
class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Other</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#College_by_country"><span
class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">College by country</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Australia"><span
class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Australia</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Canada"><span
class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Canada</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Usage_in_a_university_setting"><span
class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Usage in a university
setting</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Usage_in_secondary_education"><span
class="tocnumber">3.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Usage in secondary
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Chile"><span
class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Chile</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Greece"><span
class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Greece</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Hong_Kong"><span
class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Hong Kong</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#India"><span
class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">India</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Ireland"><span
class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">Ireland</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Israel"><span
class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">Israel</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Macau"><span
class="tocnumber">3.9</span> <span class="toctext">Macau</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Netherlands"><span
class="tocnumber">3.10</span> <span class="toctext">Netherlands</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#New_Zealand"><span
class="tocnumber">3.11</span> <span class="toctext">New Zealand</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Philippines"><span
class="tocnumber">3.12</span> <span class="toctext">Philippines</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Portugal"><span
class="tocnumber">3.13</span> <span class="toctext">Portugal</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Singapore"><span
class="tocnumber">3.14</span> <span class="toctext">Singapore</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#South_Africa"><span
class="tocnumber">3.15</span> <span class="toctext">South Africa</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Sri_Lanka"><span
class="tocnumber">3.16</span> <span class="toctext">Sri Lanka</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#United_Kingdom"><span
class="tocnumber">3.17</span> <span class="toctext">United Kingdom</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-27"><a
href="#Secondary_education_and_further_education"><span
class="tocnumber">3.17.1</span> <span class="toctext">Secondary education and
further education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="#Higher_education_2"><span
class="tocnumber">3.17.2</span> <span class="toctext">Higher
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#United_States"><span
class="tocnumber">3.18</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#Residential_colleges"><span
class="tocnumber">3.18.1</span> <span class="toctext">Residential
colleges</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#Origin_of_the_U.S._usage"><span
class="tocnumber">3.18.2</span> <span class="toctext">Origin of the U.S.
usage</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#Morrill_Land-Grant_Act"><span
class="tocnumber">3.18.3</span> <span class="toctext">Morrill Land-Grant
Act</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="#Benefits_of_college"><span
class="tocnumber">3.18.4</span> <span class="toctext">Benefits of
college</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Zimbabwe"><span
class="tocnumber">3.19</span> <span class="toctext">Zimbabwe</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#See_also"><span
class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Notes"><span
class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#References"><span
class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-

editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?
title=College&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section:
Etymology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a
href="/wiki/College_(corporation)" title="College (corporation)">College
(corporation)</a></div>
href="/wiki/File:Carmichael_College_18.JPG" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Carmichael_College_18.JPG/
241px-Carmichael_College_18.JPG" decoding="async" width="241" height="181"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Carmichael_College_18.J
PG/362px-Carmichael_College_18.JPG 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Carmichael_College_18.JPG/482px
-Carmichael_College_18.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"
/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Carmichael_College_18.JPG" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Carmichael_College" title="Carmichael
College">Carmichael College, Rangpur</a>,which was established by the <a
href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rulers</a>. Both <a
href="/wiki/Higher_education" title="Higher education">higher</a> and <a
href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary
education</a> are given to the students here.</div></div></div>
<p>The word "college" is from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>
verb <i>lego, legere, legi, lectum</i>, "to collect, gather together, pick", plus
the preposition <i>cum</i>, "with",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> thus meaning "selected together". Thus
"colleagues" are literally "persons who have been selected to work together". In <a
href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Rome</a> a <i><a
href="/wiki/Collegium_(ancient_Rome)" title="Collegium (ancient
Rome)">collegium</a></i> was a
"body, guild, corporation united in colleagueship; of magistrates, praetors,
tribunes, priests, augurs; a political club or trade guild".<sup id="cite_ref-3"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> Thus a college was a
form of <a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">corporation</a> or
corporate body, an artificial legal person (body/corpus) with its own legal
personality, with the capacity to enter into legal contracts, to sue and be sued.
In mediaeval England there were colleges of priests, for example in <a
href="/wiki/Chantry_chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="Chantry chapel">chantry
chapels</a>; modern survivals include the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Surgeons"
title="Royal College of Surgeons">Royal College of Surgeons</a> in England
(originally the Guild of Surgeons Within the City of London), the <a
href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a> in London
(a body of <a href="/wiki/Herald" title="Herald">heralds</a> enforcing heraldic
law), an <a href="/wiki/Electoral_college" title="Electoral college">electoral
college</a> (to elect representatives), etc., all groups of persons "selected in
common" to perform a specified function and appointed by a monarch, founder or
other person in authority. As for the modern "college of education", it was a body
created for that purpose, for example <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton
College">Eton College</a> was founded in 1440 by <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent"
title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> of King Henry VI for the constitution of
a college <i>of Fellows, priests, clerks, choristers, poor scholars, and old poor
men, with one master or governor</i>, whose duty it shall be to instruct these
scholars and any others who may resort thither from any part of England in the
knowledge of letters, and especially of grammar, without payment".<sup
id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Overview">Overview</span><span class="mw-
Overview">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Higher_education">Higher education</span><span
class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a
href="/w/index.php?title=College&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit
section: Higher education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-
bracket">]</span></span></h3>
href="/wiki/File:Strand102.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Strand102.jpg/170px-
Strand102.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Strand102.jpg/255px-
Strand102.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Strand102.jpg/340px-
Strand102.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Strand102.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London"
title="King's College London">King's College London</a>, established by a <a
href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">Royal Charter</a> in 1829, is one
of the founding colleges of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London"
title="University of London">University of London</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>Within higher education, the term can be used to refer to:<sup id="cite_ref-5"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li>A constituent part of a <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_university"
title="Collegiate university">collegiate university</a>, for example <a
href="/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College,
Cambridge">King's College, Cambridge</a>, or of a federal university, for example
<a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's
College London</a>.</li>
<li>A <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">liberal
arts college</a>, an independent institution of higher education focusing on
undergraduate education, such as <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams
College">Williams College</a> or <a href="/wiki/Amherst_College" title="Amherst
College">Amherst College</a>.</li>
<li>A liberal arts division of a university whose undergraduate program does not
otherwise follow a liberal arts model, such as the <a href="/wiki/Yuanpei_College"
title="Yuanpei College">Yuanpei College</a> at <a href="/wiki/Peking_University"
title="Peking University">Peking University</a>.</li>
<li>An <a href="/wiki/Institute" title="Institute">institute</a> providing
specialised training, such as a college of <a href="/wiki/Further_education"
title="Further education">further education</a>, for example <a
href="/wiki/Belfast_Metropolitan_College" title="Belfast Metropolitan
College">Belfast Metropolitan College</a>, a teacher training college, or an art
college.</li>
<li>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>,
college is sometimes but rarely a synonym for a research university, such as <a
href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>, one
of the eight universities in the <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy
League</a>.</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_education">Further education</span><span
section: Further education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-
href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college" title="Sixth form college">Sixth form
college</a></div>
<p>A <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college" title="Sixth form college">sixth form
college</a> or <a href="/wiki/College_of_further_education" class="mw-redirect"
title="College of further education">college of further education</a> is an
educational institution in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland"
title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belize"
title="Belize">Belize</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean"
title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei"
title="Brunei">Brunei</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern
Africa">Southern Africa</a>, among others, where students aged 16 to 19 typically
study for advanced school-level qualifications, such as <a
href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level" title="GCE Advanced Level">A-levels</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Business_and_Technology_Education_Council" title="Business and
Technology Education Council">BTEC</a>, HND or its equivalent and the <a
href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate_Diploma" class="mw-redirect"
title="International Baccalaureate Diploma">International Baccalaureate
Diploma</a>, or school-level qualifications such as <a href="/wiki/GCSEs"
class="mw-redirect" title="GCSEs">GCSEs</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Singapore"
title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>,
this is known as a <a href="/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college">junior
college</a>. The municipal government of the city of <a href="/wiki/Paris"
title="Paris">Paris</a> uses the phrase "sixth form college" as the English name
for a <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycée">lycée</a>.<sup
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Secondary_education">Secondary
education</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-
bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=College&action=edit&section=5"
title="Edit section: Secondary education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-
href="/wiki/File:Scotch_from_chapel.JPG" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Scotch_from_chapel.JPG/220
px-Scotch_from_chapel.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="118"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Scotch_from_chapel.JPG/
330px-Scotch_from_chapel.JPG 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Scotch_from_chapel.JPG/440px-
Scotch_from_chapel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3739" data-file-height="2002" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Scotch_from_chapel.JPG" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Scotch_College,_Melbourne" title="Scotch
College, Melbourne">Scotch College, Melbourne</a>, an independent secondary school
in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>In some national education systems, <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school"
title="Secondary school">secondary schools</a> may be called "colleges" or have
"college" as part of their title.
</p><p>In Australia the term "college" is applied to any private or independent
(non-government) primary and, especially, secondary school as distinct from a <a
href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">state school</a>. <a
href="/wiki/Melbourne_Grammar_School" title="Melbourne Grammar School">Melbourne
Grammar School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cranbrook_School,_Sydney" title="Cranbrook
School, Sydney">Cranbrook School, Sydney</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_King
%27s_School,_Parramatta" title="The King's School, Parramatta">The King's
School, Parramatta</a> are considered colleges.
</p><p>There has also been a recent trend to rename or create government <a
href="/wiki/Secondary_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary
schools">secondary schools</a> as "colleges". In the state of <a
href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, some
state high schools are referred to as <i>secondary colleges</i>, although the pre-
eminent government secondary school for boys in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne"
title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> is still named <a
href="/wiki/Melbourne_High_School" title="Melbourne High School">Melbourne High
School</a>. In Western Australia, South Australia and the <a
href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>,
"college" is used in the name of all state high schools built since the late 1990s,
and also some older ones. In <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South
Wales">New South Wales</a>, some high schools, especially multi-campus schools
resulting from mergers, are known as "secondary colleges". In <a
href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> some newer schools which
accept primary and high school students are styled <i>state college</i>, but state
schools offering only secondary education are called "State High School". In <a
href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> and the <a
href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital
Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a>, "college" refers to the final two
years of high school (years 11 and 12), and the institutions which provide this. In
this context, "college" is a system independent of the other years of high school.
Here, the expression is a shorter version of <i>matriculation college</i>.
</p><p>In a number of Canadian cities, many government-run secondary schools are
called "collegiates" or "<a href="/wiki/Collegiate_institutes" class="mw-redirect"
title="Collegiate institutes">collegiate institutes</a>" (C.I.), a complicated form
of the word "college" which avoids the usual "post-secondary" connotation. This is
because these secondary schools have traditionally focused on academic, rather than
vocational, subjects and ability levels (for example, collegiates offered Latin
while vocational schools offered technical courses). Some private secondary schools
(such as <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada_College" title="Upper Canada College">Upper
Canada College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_College" title="Vancouver
College">Vancouver College</a>) choose to use the word "college" in their names
nevertheless.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
7">[7]</a></sup> Some secondary schools elsewhere in the country,
particularly ones within the <a href="/wiki/Separate_school" title="Separate
school">separate school</a> system, may also use the word "college" or "collegiate"
in their names.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
8">[8]</a></sup>
</p><p>In New Zealand the word "college" normally refers to a secondary school for
ages 13 to 17 and "college" appears as part of the name especially of private or
integrated schools. "Colleges" most frequently appear in the North Island, whereas
"high schools" are more common in the South Island.
</p><p>In the Netherlands, "college" is equivalent to <a
href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Netherlands#HBO" title="Education in the
Netherlands">HBO</a> (Higher professional education). It is oriented towards
professional training with clear occupational outlook, unlike universities which
are scientifically oriented.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
href="/wiki/File:St_Johns_College_Johannesburg.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/St_Johns_College_Johannesb
urg.jpg/220px-St_Johns_College_Johannesburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220"
height="165" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/St_Johns_College_Johann
esburg.jpg/330px-St_Johns_College_Johannesburg.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/St_Johns_College_Johannesburg.j
pg/440px-St_Johns_College_Johannesburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-
href="/wiki/File:St_Johns_College_Johannesburg.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/St_John
%27s_College_(Johannesburg,_South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="St John's
College (Johannesburg, South Africa)">St John's College, Johannesburg</a>, a <a
href="/wiki/Single-sex_education" title="Single-sex education">boys' school</a> in
<a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South
Africa</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>In South Africa, some secondary schools, especially private schools on the
English public school model, have "college" in their title. Thus no less than six
of South Africa's Elite Seven high schools call themselves "college" and fit this
description. A typical example of this category would be <a href="/wiki/St_John
%27s_College_(Johannesburg,_South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="St John's
College (Johannesburg, South Africa)">St John's College</a>.
</p><p>Private schools that specialize in improving children's marks through
intensive focus on examination needs are informally called "cram-colleges".
</p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> the word
"college" (known as <i>Vidyalaya</i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_language"
title="Sinhala language">Sinhala</a></i>) normally refers to a secondary school,
which usually signifies above the 5th standard. During the British colonial period
a limited number of exclusive secondary schools were established based on English
public school model (<a href="/wiki/Royal_College_Colombo" class="mw-redirect"
title="Royal College Colombo">Royal College Colombo</a>, <a href="/wiki/S._Thomas
%27_College" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Thomas' College">S. Thomas' College,
Mount Lavinia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Kandy" title="Trinity College,
Kandy">Trinity College, Kandy</a>) these along with several Catholic schools (<a
href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_College,_Colombo" class="mw-redirect" title="St.
Joseph's College, Colombo">St. Joseph's College, Colombo</a>, <a
href="/wiki/St._Anthony%27s_College,_Kandy" title="St. Anthony's College,
Kandy">St Anthony's College</a>) traditionally carry their name as colleges.
Following the start of free education in 1931 large group of <a
href="/wiki/Madhya_Maha_Vidyalayas" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhya Maha
Vidyalayas">central colleges</a> were established to educate the rural masses.
Since Sri Lanka gained Independence in 1948, many schools that have been
established have been named as "college".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template
Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span
title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation
needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other">Other</span><span class="mw-
Other">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
href="/wiki/File:Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Royal_College_Colombo_main
_building.jpg/220px-Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg" decoding="async"
width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Royal_College_Colombo_m
ain_building.jpg/330px-Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Royal_College_Colombo_main_buil
ding.jpg/440px-Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008"
data-file-height="2000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Royal_College_Colombo_main_building.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_Colombo" class="mw-redirect"
title="Royal College Colombo">Royal College Colombo</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Single-
sex_education" title="Single-sex education">boys' school</a> located in <a
href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka"
title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>As well as an educational institution, the term can also refer, following its
etymology, to any formal group of colleagues set up under statute or regulation;
often under a Royal Charter. Examples are an <a href="/wiki/Electoral_college"
title="Electoral college">electoral college</a>, the <a
href="/wiki/College_of_Arms" title="College of Arms">College of Arms</a>, a <a
href="/wiki/College_(canon_law)" title="College (canon law)">college of canons</a>,
and the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College
of Cardinals</a>. Other collegiate bodies include professional associations,
particularly in medicine and allied professions. In the UK these include the <a
href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Nursing" title="Royal College of Nursing">Royal
College of Nursing</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Physicians"
title="Royal College of Physicians">Royal College of Physicians</a>. Examples in
the United States include the <a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Physicians"
title="American College of Physicians">American College of Physicians</a>, the <a
href="/wiki/American_College_of_Surgeons" title="American College of
Surgeons">American College of Surgeons</a>, and the American College of Dentists.
An example in Australia is the <a
href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_College_of_General_Practitioners" title="Royal
Australian College of General Practitioners">Royal Australian College of General
Practitioners</a>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="College_by_country">College by
country</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-
bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=College&action=edit&section=7"
title="Edit section: College by country">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a
href="/wiki/Category:Higher_education_by_country" title="Category:Higher education
by country">Category:Higher education by country</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Australia">Australia</span><span class="mw-
Australia">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In Australia a college may be an institution of tertiary education that is
smaller than a university, run independently or as part of a university. Following
a reform in the 1980s many of the formerly independent colleges now belong to a
larger universities.
</p><p>Referring to parts of a university, there are <i>residential colleges</i>
which provide residence for students, both undergraduate and postgraduate, called
<a href="/wiki/University_college#Australia" title="University college">university
colleges</a>. These colleges often provide additional tutorial assistance, and some
host <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theological</a> study. Many colleges
have strong traditions and rituals, so are a combination of dormitory style
accommodation and fraternity or sorority culture.
</p><p>Most technical and further education institutions (<a href="/wiki/TAFE"
class="mw-redirect" title="TAFE">TAFEs</a>), which offer certificate and diploma
vocational courses, are styled "TAFE colleges" or "Colleges of TAFE".
</p><p>Some senior high schools are also referred to as colleges.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Canada">Canada</span><span class="mw-
Canada">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table class="box-Tone plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Tone"
role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img
alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-
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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-
clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-
clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"
/></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's
<b>tone or style may not reflect the <a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better
articles">encyclopedic tone</a> used on Wikipedia</b>.<span class="hide-when-
compact"> See Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone"
title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">guide to writing better articles</a> for
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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-
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compact"> Please help <a class="external text"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=College&action=edit">improve
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title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span
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href="/wiki/College_(Canada)" title="College (Canada)">College (Canada)</a></div>
<p>In Canadian English, the term "college" usually refers to a trades school,
applied arts/science/technology/business/health school or <a
href="/wiki/Community_college#Canada" title="Community college">community
college</a>. These are <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary
education">post-secondary</a> institutions granting <a
href="/wiki/Academic_certificate" title="Academic certificate">certificates</a>,
diplomas, <a href="/wiki/Associate_degree" title="Associate degree">associate
degree</a>, and in some cases <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree"
title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degrees</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Quebec"
title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, the term is seldom used; with the French acronym for
public colleges, <a href="/wiki/CEGEP" title="CEGEP">CEGEP</a> (<i>Collège
d'enseignement général et professionnel</i>, "college of general and professional
education") is more commonly used. CEGEP is a <a
href="/wiki/College_education_in_Quebec" title="College education in
Quebec">collegiate level</a> institutions in Quebec, that a student typically
enrols in if they wish to continue onto university in the <a
href="/wiki/Education_in_Quebec" title="Education in Quebec">Quebec education
system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
10">[note 1]</a></sup>, or to learn a trade. In <a href="/wiki/Ontario"
title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alberta"
title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, there are also institutions which are designated <a
href="/wiki/University_college" title="University college">university colleges</a>,
as they only grant undergraduate degrees. This is to differentiate between
universities, which have both undergraduate and graduate programs and those that do
not.
</p><p>In Canada, there is a strong distinction between "college" and "university".
In conversation, one specifically would say either "they are going to university"
(i.e., studying for a three- or four-year degree at a university) or "they are
going to college" (i.e., studying at a technical/career training).<sup
class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-
space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"
title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to
reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Usage_in_a_university_setting">Usage in a
university setting</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-
bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?
title=College&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Usage in a
university setting">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-
<p>The term <i>college</i> also applies to distinct entities that formally act as
an affiliated institution of the university, formally referred to as <a
href="/wiki/Federated_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Federated
school">federated college</a>, or affiliated colleges. A university may also
formally include several constituent colleges, forming a <a
href="/wiki/Collegiate_university" title="Collegiate university">collegiate
university</a>. Examples of collegiate universities in Canada include <a
href="/wiki/Trent_University" title="Trent University">Trent University</a>, and
the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University
of Toronto</a>. These types of institutions act independently, maintaining their
own endowments, and properties. However, they remain either affiliated, or
federated with the overarching university, with the overarching university being
the institution that formally grants the degrees. For example, <a
href="/wiki/University_of_Trinity_College" class="mw-redirect" title="University of
Trinity College">Trinity College</a> was once an independent institution, but later
became federated with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University
of Toronto">University of Toronto</a>. Several centralized universities in Canada
have mimicked the collegiate university model; although constituent colleges in a
centralized university remains under the authority of the central administration.
Centralized universities that have adopted the collegiate model to a degree
includes the University of British Columbia, with <a
href="/wiki/Green_College,_University_of_British_Columbia" title="Green College,
University of British Columbia">Green College</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._John
%27s_College,_University_of_British_Columbia" title="St. John's College,
University of British Columbia">St. John's College</a>; and the <a
href="/wiki/Memorial_University_of_Newfoundland" title="Memorial University of
Newfoundland">Memorial University of Newfoundland</a>, with <a
href="/wiki/Sir_Wilfred_Grenfell_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Wilfred
Grenfell College">Sir Wilfred Grenfell College</a>.
</p><p>Occasionally, "college" refers to a subject specific faculty within a
university that, while distinct, are neither <i>federated</i> nor <i>affiliated</i>
—College of Education, College of Medicine, College of Dentistry, College of
Biological Science<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
11">[10]</a></sup> among others.
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada" title="Royal Military
College of Canada">Royal Military College of Canada</a> is a <a
href="/wiki/Military_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Military college">military
college</a> which trains officers for the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Armed_Forces"
title="Canadian Armed Forces">Canadian Armed Forces</a>. The institution is a full-
fledged university, with the authority to issue graduate degrees, although it
continues to word the term <i>college</i> in its name. The institution's sister
schools, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_Saint-Jean" title="Royal Military
College Saint-Jean">Royal Military College Saint-Jean</a> also uses the term
college in its name, although it academic offering is akin to a CEGEP institution
in Quebec. A number of post-secondary <a href="/wiki/Art_schools" class="mw-
redirect" title="Art schools">art schools</a> in Canada formerly used the word
<i>college</i> in their names, despite formally being universities. However, most
of these institutions were renamed, or re-branded in the early 21st century,
omitting the word <i>college</i> from its name.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Usage_in_secondary_education">Usage in secondary
title=College&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Usage in
secondary education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-
<p>The word <i>college</i> continues to be used in the names public <a
href="/wiki/Separate_school" title="Separate school">separate</a> secondary schools
in Ontario.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
12">[11]</a></sup> A number of <a href="/wiki/Independent_school"
title="Independent school">independent schools</a> across Canada also use the word
<i>college</i> in its name.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a
</p><p>Public <a href="/wiki/Secular_education" title="Secular
education">secular</a> school boards in Ontario also refer to their secondary
schools as <i><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_institute" title="Collegiate
institute">collegiate institutes</a></i>. However, usage of the word <i>collegiate
institute</i> varies between school boards. <i>Collegiate institute</i> is the
predominant name for secondary schools in <a
href="/wiki/Lakehead_District_School_Board" title="Lakehead District School
Board">Lakehead District School Board</a>, and <a
href="/wiki/Toronto_District_School_Board" title="Toronto District School
Board">Toronto District School Board</a>, although most school boards in Ontario
use <i>collegiate institute</i> alongside <i>high school</i>, and <i>secondary
school</i> in the names of their institutions. Similarly, secondary schools in
Regina, and Saskatoon are referred to as <i>Collegiate</i>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Chile">Chile</span><span class="mw-
Chile">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>In Chile, the term "college" is usually used in the name of some bilingual
schools, like <a href="/wiki/Santiago_College" title="Santiago College">Santiago
College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_George%27s_College,_Santiago" title="Saint
George's College, Santiago">Saint George's College</a> etc.
Since 2009 the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Chile"
title="Pontifical Catholic University of Chile">Pontifical Catholic University of
Chile</a> incorporated college as a bachelor's degree, it has a Bachelor of Natural
Sciences and Mathematics, a Bachelor of Social Science and a Bachelor of Arts and
Humanities. It has the same system as the American universities, it combines majors
and minors. And it let the students continue a higher degree in the same university
once finished.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Greece">Greece</span><span class="mw-
Greece">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p><i><b>Kollegio</b></i> (in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek
language">Greek</a> Κολλέγιο) refers to the Centers of Post-Lyceum Education (in
Greek Κέντρο Μεταλυκειακής Εκπαίδευσης, abbreviated as KEME), which are principally
private and belong to the Greek post-secondary education system. Some of them have
links to EU or US higher education institutions or accreditation organizations,
such as the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Association_of_Schools_and_Colleges"
title="New England Association of Schools and Colleges">NEASC</a>.<sup
<i>Kollegio</i> (or <i>Kollegia</i> in plural) may also refer to private non-
tertiary schools, such as the <a href="/wiki/Athens_College" title="Athens
College">Athens College</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</span><span class="mw-
title=College&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hong
Kong">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
href="/wiki/Education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Education in Hong Kong">Education in
Hong Kong</a></div>
<p>In Hong Kong, the term 'college' is used by tertiary institutions as either part
of their names or to refer to a constituent part of the university, such as the
colleges in the collegiate <a href="/wiki/The_Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong"
class="mw-redirect" title="The Chinese University of Hong Kong">The Chinese
University of Hong Kong</a>; or to a residence hall of a university, such as <a
href="/wiki/St._John%27s_College,_University_of_Hong_Kong" title="St. John's
College, University of Hong Kong">St. John's College, University of Hong Kong</a>.
Many older secondary schools have the term 'college' as part of their names.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="India">India</span><span class="mw-
India">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
href="/wiki/Colleges_and_institutes_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Colleges
and institutes in India">Colleges and institutes in India</a></div>
<p>The modern system of education was heavily influenced by the British starting in
1835.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
15">[14]</a></sup>
</p><p>In India, the term "college" is commonly reserved for institutions that
offer high school diplomas at year 12 ("<i>Junior College</i>", similar to American
<i>high schools</i>), and those that offer the <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree"
title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a>; some colleges, however, offer
programmes up to <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a> level.
Generally, colleges are located in different parts of a state and all of them are
affiliated to a regional university. The colleges offer programmes leading to
degrees of that university. Colleges may be either Autonomous or non-autonomous.
Autonomous Colleges are empowered to establish their own syllabus, and conduct and
assess their own examinations; in non-autonomous colleges, examinations are
conducted by the university, at the same time for all colleges under its
affiliation. There are several hundred universities and each university has
affiliated colleges, often a large number.
</p><p>The first liberal arts and sciences college in India was "Cottayam College"
or the "Syrian College",Kerala,in 1815. The First inter linguistic residential
education institution in Asia was started at this College. At present it is a
Theological seminary which is popularly known as Orthodox Theological Seminary or
Old Seminary. After that, CMS College, Kottayam,established in 1817, and the <a
href="/wiki/Presidency_College,_Kolkata" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidency
College, Kolkata">Presidency College, Kolkata</a>, also 1817, initially known as
Hindu College. The first college for the study of Christian theology and ecumenical
enquiry was <a href="/wiki/Serampore_College" title="Serampore College">Serampore
College</a> (1818). The first Missionary institution to impart Western style
education in India was the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Church_College,_Calcutta"
class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Church College, Calcutta">Scottish Church
College, Calcutta</a> (1830). The first commerce and economics college in India was
<a href="/wiki/Sydenham_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydenham
College">Sydenham College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>
(1913).
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ireland">Ireland</span><span class="mw-
Ireland">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
href="/wiki/Third-level_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Third-level
education in the Republic of Ireland">Third-level education in the Republic of
Ireland</a></div>
href="/wiki/File:Trinity_college_front_square_cropped.jpg" class="image"><img
alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Trinity_college_front_square_cr
opped.jpg/280px-Trinity_college_front_square_cropped.jpg" decoding="async"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Trinity_college_front_square
_cropped.jpg/420px-Trinity_college_front_square_cropped.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Trinity_college_front_square_cropped
.jpg/560px-Trinity_college_front_square_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1022"
data-file-height="520" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Trinity_college_front_square_cropped.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Parliament Square, <a
href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity College,
Dublin">Trinity College, Dublin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland"
title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>In <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>
the term "college" is normally used to describe an institution of tertiary
education. University students often say they attend "college" rather than
"university". Until 1989, no university provided teaching or research directly;
they were formally offered by a constituent college of the university.
</p><p>There are number of secondary education institutions that traditionally used
the word "college" in their names: these are either older, private schools (such as
<a href="/wiki/Belvedere_College" title="Belvedere College">Belvedere College</a>,
<a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_College" title="Gonzaga College">Gonzaga College</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Castleknock_College" title="Castleknock College">Castleknock
College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_College,_Dublin" title="St
Michael's College, Dublin">St. Michael's College</a>) or what were formerly a
particular kind of secondary school. These secondary schools, formerly known as
"technical colleges," were renamed "community colleges," but remain secondary
schools.
</p><p>The country's only <a href="/wiki/Ancient_university" title="Ancient
university">ancient university</a> is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dublin"
title="University of Dublin">University of Dublin</a>. Created during the reign of
<a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of
England">Elizabeth I</a>, it is modelled on the collegiate universities of
Cambridge and Oxford. However, only one constituent college was ever founded, hence
the curious position of <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity
College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a> today; although both are usually
considered one and the same, the university and college are completely distinct
corporate entities with separate and parallel governing structures.
</p><p>Among more modern foundations, the <a
href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland" title="National University of
Ireland">National University of Ireland</a>, founded in 1908, consisted of
constituent colleges and recognised colleges until 1997. The former are now
referred to as constituent universities – institutions that are essentially
universities in their own right. The National University can trace its existence
back to 1850 and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Queen
%27s_University_of_Ireland" title="Queen's University of Ireland">Queen's
University of Ireland</a> and the creation of the <a
href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Ireland" title="Catholic University of
Ireland">Catholic University of Ireland</a> in 1854. From 1880, the degree awarding
roles of these two universities was taken over by the <a
href="/wiki/Royal_University_of_Ireland" title="Royal University of Ireland">Royal
University of Ireland</a>, which remained until the creation of the National
University in 1908 and <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast"
title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's University Belfast</a>.
</p><p>The state's two new universities, <a href="/wiki/Dublin_City_University"
title="Dublin City University">Dublin City University</a> and <a
href="/wiki/University_of_Limerick" title="University of Limerick">University of
Limerick</a>, were initially <a
href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Higher_Education" title="National Institute for
Higher Education">National Institute for Higher Education</a> institutions. These
institutions offered university level academic degrees and research from the start
of their existence and were awarded university status in 1989 in recognition of
this.
</p><p>Third level technical education in the state has been carried out in the <a
href="/wiki/Institutes_of_technology_in_Ireland" title="Institutes of technology in
Ireland">Institutes of Technology</a>, which were established from the 1970s as
Regional Technical Colleges. These institutions have <i>delegated authority</i>
which entitles them to give degrees and diplomas from <a
href="/wiki/Quality_and_Qualifications_Ireland" title="Quality and Qualifications
Ireland">Quality and Qualifications Ireland</a> (QQI) in their own names.
</p><p>A number of private colleges exist such as <a
href="/wiki/Dublin_Business_School" title="Dublin Business School">Dublin Business
School</a>, providing undergraduate and postgraduate courses validated by QQI and
in some cases by other universities.
</p><p>Other types of college include colleges of education, such as the <a
href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland_College_of_Education" title="Church of Ireland
College of Education">Church of Ireland College of Education</a>. These are
specialist institutions, often linked to a university, which provide both
undergraduate and postgraduate academic degrees for people who want to train as
teachers.
</p><p>A number of state-funded further education colleges exist – which offer
vocational education and training in a range of areas from business studies and <a
href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology" title="Information and
communications technology">information and communications technology</a> to sports
injury therapy. These courses are usually one, two or less often three years in
duration and are validated by QQI at Levels 5 or 6, or for the BTEC <a
href="/wiki/Higher_National_Diploma" title="Higher National Diploma">Higher
National Diploma</a> award, which is a Level 6/7 qualification, validated by <a
href="/wiki/Edexcel" title="Edexcel">Edexcel</a>. There are numerous private
colleges (particularly in Dublin and Limerick)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template
Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span
title="need support limiting density to these two cities (November 2012)">citation
needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which offer both further and higher education
qualifications. These degrees and diplomas are often certified by foreign
universities/international awarding bodies and are aligned to the National
Framework of Qualifications at Levels 6, 7 and 8.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Israel">Israel</span><span class="mw-
Israel">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Israel#Colleges" class="mw-
redirect" title="List of universities and colleges in Israel">List of universities
and colleges in Israel § Colleges</a></div>
href="/wiki/File:Braude2.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Braude2.jpg/170px-
Braude2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Braude2.jpg/255px-
Braude2.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Braude2.jpg/340px-Braude2.jpg
2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1840" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Braude2.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a
href="/wiki/ORT_Braude_College_of_Engineering" title="ORT Braude College of
Engineering">ORT Braude College of Engineering</a></div></div></div>
<p>In Israel, any non university higher-learning facility is called a college.
Institutions accredited by the <a
href="/wiki/Council_for_Higher_Education_in_Israel" title="Council for Higher
Education in Israel">Council for Higher Education in Israel</a> (CHE) to confer a
bachelor's degree are called "Academic Colleges."<sup id="cite_ref-16"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></sup> These colleges (at
least 4 for 2012) may also offer master's degrees and act as Research facilities.
There are also over twenty teacher training colleges or seminaries, most of which
may award only a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Education" title="Bachelor of
Education">Bachelor of Education</a> (B.Ed.) degree.
</p>
<ul><li>Academic colleges: Any educational facility that had been approved to offer
at least bachelor's degree is entitled by CHE to use the term academic college in
its name.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
17">[16]</a></sup></li>
<li>Engineering academic college: Any academic facility that offer at least
bachelor's degree and most of it faculties are providing an Engineering degree and
Engineering license.</li>
<li>Educational academic college: After an educational facility that had been
approved for "Teachers seminar" status is then approved to provide a <a
href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Education" title="Bachelor of Education">Bachelor of
Education</a>, its name is changed to include "Educational Academic college."</li>
<li>Technical college: A "Technical college"<sup id="cite_ref-18"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></sup> is an educational
facility that is approved to allow to provide <a href="/wiki/Practical_engineer"
title="Practical engineer">P.E</a> degree<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a></sup> (14'th class) or technician (‫( )טכנאי‬1
3'th class) diploma and licenses.</li>
<li>Training College: A "Training College"<sup id="cite_ref-20"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a></sup> is an educational
facility that provides basic training allowing a person to receive a working permit
in a field such as alternative medicine, cooking, Art, Mechanical, Electrical and
other professions. A trainee could receive the right to work in certain professions
as apprentice (j. mechanic, j. Electrician etc.). After working in the training
field for enough time an apprentice could have a license to operate (Mechanic,
Electrician<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
21">[20]</a></sup>). This educational facility is mostly used to provide
basic training for low tech jobs and for job seekers without any training that are
provided by the nation's Employment Service (<a
href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%AA
%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94" class="extiw" title="he: ‫שירות התעסוקה">שירות‬
‫<התעסוקה‬/a>).</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Macau">Macau</span><span class="mw-
Macau">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Following the Portuguese usage, the term "college" (<i>colégio</i>) in <a
href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> has traditionally been used in the names
for private (and non-governmental) pre-university educational institutions, which
correspond to form one to form six level tiers. Such schools are usually run by the
Roman Catholic church or missionaries in Macau. Examples include <a
href="/wiki/Chan_Sui_Ki_Perpetual_Help_College" title="Chan Sui Ki Perpetual Help
College">Chan Sui Ki Perpetual Help College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuet_Wah_College"
title="Yuet Wah College">Yuet Wah College</a>, and Sacred Heart Canossian College.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Netherlands">Netherlands</span><span class="mw-
Netherlands">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Netherlands" title="Education in the
Netherlands">Education in the Netherlands</a></div>
<p>In the Netherlands there are 3 main educational routes after high school.
</p>
<ul><li>MBO (middle-level applied education), which is the equivalent of <a
href="/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college">junior college</a>. Designed to
prepare students for either skilled trades and technical occupations and workers in
support roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business
administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology or for additional
education at another college with more advanced academic material.<sup
id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
22">[21]</a></sup></li>
<li>HBO (higher professional education), which is the equivalent of college and has
a professional orientation. After HBO (typically 4–6 years), pupils can enroll in a
(professional) master's program (1–2 years) or enter the job market. The HBO is
taught in vocational universities (hogescholen), of which there are over 40 in the
Netherlands, each of which offers a broad variety of programs, with the exception
of some that specialize in arts or agriculture. Note that the hogescholen are not
allowed to name themselves university in Dutch. This also stretches to English and
therefore HBO institutions are known as <a
href="/wiki/University_of_applied_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="University
of applied sciences">universities of applied sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a></sup></li>
<li>WO (Scientific education), which is the equivalent to university level
education and has an academic orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-24"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a></sup></li></ul>
<p>HBO graduates can be awarded two titles, which are Baccalaureus (bc.) and
Ingenieur (ing.). At a WO institution, many more bachelor's and master's titles can
be awarded. Bachelor's degrees: Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc)
and Bachelor of Laws (LLB). Master's degrees: Master of Arts (MA), Master of Laws
(LLM) and Master of Science (MSc). The PhD title is a research degree awarded upon
completion and defense of a doctoral thesis.<sup id="cite_ref-25"
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</span><span class="mw-
title=College&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: New
Zealand">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
href="/wiki/File:Universityofotagoclocktower_small.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Universityofotagoclocktowe
r_small.jpg/220px-Universityofotagoclocktower_small.jpg" decoding="async"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Universityofotagoclocktower_s
mall.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Universityofotagoclocktower_small.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University
of Otago">University of Otago</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New
Zealand">New Zealand</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>The constituent colleges of the former <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Zealand"
title="University of New Zealand">University of New Zealand</a> (such as Canterbury
University College) have become independent universities. Some halls of residence
associated with New Zealand universities retain the name of "college", particularly
at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University
of Otago</a> (which although brought under the umbrella of the University of New
Zealand, already possessed university status and degree awarding powers). The
institutions formerly known as "Teacher-training colleges" now style themselves
"College of education".
</p><p>Some universities, such as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Canterbury"
title="University of Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a>, have divided their
university into constituent administrative "Colleges" – the College of Arts
containing departments that teach Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, College of
Science containing Science departments, and so on. This is largely modelled on the
Cambridge model, discussed above.
</p><p>Like the United Kingdom some professional bodies in New Zealand style
themselves as "colleges", for example, the <a
href="/wiki/Royal_Australasian_College_of_Surgeons" title="Royal Australasian
College of Surgeons">Royal Australasian College of Surgeons</a>, the <a
href="/wiki/Royal_Australasian_College_of_Physicians" title="Royal Australasian
College of Physicians">Royal Australasian College of Physicians</a>.
</p><p>In some parts of the country, secondary school is often referred to as
college and the term is used interchangeably with high school. This sometimes
confuses people from other parts of New Zealand. But in all parts of the country
many secondary schools have "College" in their name, such as <a
href="/wiki/Rangitoto_College" title="Rangitoto College">Rangitoto College</a>, New
Zealand's largest secondary.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Philippines">Philippines</span><span class="mw-
Philippines">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Philippines" title="Higher education in the
Philippines">Higher education in the Philippines</a></div>
<p>In the Philippines, colleges usually refer to institutions of learning that
grant degrees but whose scholastic fields are not as diverse as that of a
university (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Santo_Tomas" title="University of Santo
Tomas">University of Santo Tomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines"
title="University of the Philippines">University of the Philippines</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Ateneo_de_Manila_University" title="Ateneo de Manila University">Ateneo
de Manila University</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_La_Salle_University" title="De La Salle
University">De La Salle University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_University"
title="Far Eastern University">Far Eastern University</a>, and <a
href="/wiki/AMA_University" class="mw-redirect" title="AMA University">AMA
University</a>), such as the <a href="/wiki/San_Beda_College" class="mw-redirect"
title="San Beda College">San Beda College</a> which specializes in law, <a
href="/wiki/AMA_Computer_College" class="mw-redirect" title="AMA Computer
College">AMA Computer College</a> whose campuses are spread all over the
Philippines which specializes in information and computing technologies, and the <a
href="/wiki/Map%C3%BAa_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapúa
Institute of Technology">Mapúa Institute of Technology</a> which specializes in
engineering, or to component units within universities that do not grant degrees
but rather facilitate the instruction of a particular field, such as a College of
Science and College of Engineering, among many other colleges of the <a
href="/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines" title="University of the
Philippines">University of the Philippines</a>.
</p><p>A state college may not have the word "college" on its name, but may have
several component colleges, or departments. Thus, the Eulogio Amang Rodriguez
Institute of Science and Technology is a state college by classification.
</p><p>Usually, the term "college" is also thought of as a hierarchical demarcation
between the term "university", and quite a number of colleges seek to be recognized
as universities as a sign of improvement in academic standards (<a
href="/wiki/Colegio_de_San_Juan_de_Letran" title="Colegio de San Juan de
Letran">Colegio de San Juan de Letran</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Beda_College"
class="mw-redirect" title="San Beda College">San Beda College</a>), and increase in
the diversity of the offered degree programs (called "courses"). For private
colleges, this may be done through a survey and evaluation by the Commission on
Higher Education and accrediting organizations, as was the case of Urios College
which is now the <a href="/wiki/Fr._Saturnino_Urios_University" class="mw-redirect"
title="Fr. Saturnino Urios University">Fr. Saturnino Urios University</a>. For
state colleges, it is usually done by a legislation by the Congress or Senate. In
common usage, "going to college" simply means attending school for an undergraduate
degree, whether it's from an institution recognized as a college or a university.
</p><p>When it comes to referring to the level of education, <i>college</i> is the
term more used to be synonymous to tertiary or higher education. A student who is
or has studied his/her undergraduate degree at either an institution with
<i>college</i> or <i>university</i> in its name is considered to be going to or
have gone to <i>college</i>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Portugal">Portugal</span><span class="mw-
Portugal">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
href="/wiki/Education_in_Portugal" title="Education in Portugal">Education in
Portugal</a></div>
<p>Presently in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, the term
<i>colégio</i> (college) is normally used as a generic reference to a private (non-
government) school that provides from <a href="/wiki/Basic_education" title="Basic
education">basic</a> to <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary
education">secondary education</a>. Many of the private schools include the term
<i>colégio</i> in their name. Some special public schools – usually of the boarding
school type – also include the term in their name, with a notable example being the
<i><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A9gio_Militar" title="Colégio Militar">Colégio
Militar</a></i> (Military College). The term <i>colégio interno</i> (literally
"internal college") is used specifically as a generic reference to a <a
href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">boarding school</a>.
</p><p>Until the 19th century, a <i>colégio</i> was usually a secondary or pre-
university school, of public or religious nature, where the students usually lived
together. A model for these colleges was the Royal College of Arts and Humanities,
founded in <a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a> by King <a
href="/wiki/John_III_of_Portugal" title="John III of Portugal">John III of
Portugal</a> in 1542.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Singapore">Singapore</span><span class="mw-
Singapore">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The term "college" in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>
is generally only used for pre-university educational institutions called "Junior
Colleges", which provide the final two years of secondary education (equivalent to
sixth form in British terms or grades 11–12 in the American system). Since 1
January 2005, the term also refers to the three campuses of the <a
href="/wiki/Institute_of_Technical_Education" title="Institute of Technical
Education">Institute of Technical Education</a> with the introduction of the
"collegiate system", in which the three institutions are called <a
href="/wiki/ITE_College_East" title="ITE College East">ITE College East</a>, <a
href="/wiki/ITE_College_Central" title="ITE College Central">ITE College
Central</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ITE_College_West" title="ITE College West">ITE
College West</a> respectively.
</p><p>The term "university" is used to describe higher-education institutions
offering locally conferred degrees. Institutions offering diplomas are called "<a
href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of
technology">polytechnics</a>", while other institutions are often referred to as
"institutes" and so forth.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="South_Africa">South Africa</span><span class="mw-
title=College&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: South
Africa">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Although the term "college" is hardly used in any context at any university in
South Africa, some non-university tertiary institutions call themselves colleges.
These include teacher training colleges, business colleges and wildlife management
colleges. See: <a
href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_South_Africa#Private_colleges_and_universities"
title="List of universities in South Africa">List of universities in South
Africa#Private colleges and universities</a>; <a
href="/wiki/List_of_post_secondary_institutions_in_South_Africa" class="mw-
redirect" title="List of post secondary institutions in South Africa">List of post
secondary institutions in South Africa</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</span><span class="mw-
title=College&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sri
Lanka">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>There are several professional and vocational institutions that offer post-
secondary education without granting degrees that are referred to as "colleges".
This includes the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Law_College" title="Sri Lanka Law
College">Sri Lanka Law College</a>, the many Technical Colleges and Teaching
Colleges.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</span><span
section: United Kingdom">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-
href="/wiki/File:A_view_of_Birkbeck,_University_of_London.jpg" class="image"><img
alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/A_view_of_Birkbeck
%2C_University_of_London.jpg/220px-A_view_of_Birkbeck%2C_University_of_London.jpg"
decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/A_view_of_Birkbeck
%2C_University_of_London.jpg/330px-A_view_of_Birkbeck%2C_University_of_London.jpg
1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/A_view_of_Birkbeck
%2C_University_of_London.jpg/440px-A_view_of_Birkbeck%2C_University_of_London.jpg
2x" data-file-width="1261" data-file-height="809" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:A_view_of_Birkbeck,_University_of_London.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Birkbeck,_University_of_London"
title="Birkbeck, University of London">Birkbeck, University of
London</a></div></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline"
id="Secondary_education_and_further_education">Secondary education and further
title=College&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Secondary
education and further education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-
<p>Further education (FE) colleges and <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college"
title="Sixth form college">sixth form colleges</a> are institutions providing
further education to students over 16. Some of these also provide higher education
courses (see below).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
26">[25]</a></sup> In the context of secondary education, 'college' is used
in the names of some private schools, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton
College">Eton College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winchester_College" title="Winchester
College">Winchester College</a>.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Higher_education_2">Higher education</span><span
section: Higher education">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-
href="/wiki/Colleges_within_universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Colleges
within universities in the United Kingdom">Colleges within universities in the
United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Residential_college" title="Residential
college">Residential college</a>, and <a
href="/wiki/University_college#United_Kingdom" title="University
college">University college § United Kingdom</a></div>
<p>In higher education, a college is normally a provider that does not hold
university status, although it can also refer to a constituent part of a <a
href="/wiki/Collegiate_university" title="Collegiate university">collegiate or
federal university</a> or a grouping of academic <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(division)"
title="Faculty (division)">faculties</a> or departments within a university.
Traditionally the distinction between colleges and universities was that colleges
did not award degrees while universities did, but this is no longer the case with
<a href="/wiki/Newcastle_College#NCG" title="Newcastle College">NCG</a> having
gained taught degree awarding powers (the same as some universities) on behalf of
its colleges,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
27">[26]</a></sup> and many of the <a
href="/wiki/Colleges_of_the_University_of_London" class="mw-redirect"
title="Colleges of the University of London">colleges of the University of
London</a> holding full degree awarding powers and being effectively universities.
Most colleges, however, do not hold their own degree awarding powers and continue
to offer higher education courses that are validated by universities or other
institutions that can award degrees.
</p><p>In England, as of August 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint
asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=College&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, over 60% of the higher
education providers directly funded by <a href="/wiki/HEFCE" class="mw-redirect"
title="HEFCE">HEFCE</a> (208/340) are sixth-form or further education colleges,
often termed colleges of further and higher education, along with 17 colleges of
the University of London, one <a href="/wiki/University_college" title="University
college">university college</a>, 100 universities, and 14 other providers (six of
which use 'college' in their name). Overall, this means over two thirds of state-
supported higher education providers in England are colleges of one form or
another.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
28">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a></sup> Many private providers are also called
colleges, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/New_College_of_the_Humanities" class="mw-
redirect" title="New College of the Humanities">New College of the Humanities</a>
and <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_College,_London" title="St Patrick's College,
London">St Patrick's College, London</a>.
</p><p>Colleges within universities vary immensely in their responsibilities. The
large constituent colleges of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_London"
title="University of London">University of London</a> are effectively universities
in their own right; colleges in some universities, including those of the <a
href="/wiki/University_of_the_Arts_London" title="University of the Arts
London">University of the Arts London</a> and smaller colleges of the <a
href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of
London</a>, run their own degree courses but do not award degrees; those at the <a
href="/wiki/University_of_Roehampton" title="University of Roehampton">University
of Roehampton</a> provide accommodation and pastoral care as well as delivering the
teaching on university courses; those at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford"
title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge"
title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a> deliver some teaching on university
courses as well as providing accommodation and pastoral care; and those in <a
href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a>, <a
href="/wiki/University_of_Kent" title="University of Kent">Kent</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Lancaster_University" title="Lancaster University">Lancaster</a> and <a
href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">York</a> provide
accommodation and pastoral care but do not normally participate in formal teaching.
The legal status of these colleges also varies widely, with University of London
colleges being independent corporations and recognised bodies, Oxbridge colleges,
colleges of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Highlands_and_Islands"
title="University of the Highlands and Islands">University of the Highlands and
Islands</a> (UHI) and some Durham colleges being independent corporations and
listed bodies, most Durham colleges being owned by the university but still listed
bodies, and those of other collegiate universities not having formal recognition.
When applying for undergraduate courses through <a href="/wiki/UCAS"
title="UCAS">UCAS</a>, University of London colleges are treated as independent
providers, colleges of Oxford, Cambridge, Durham and UHI are treated as locations
within the universities that can be selected by specifying a 'campus code' in
addition to selecting the university, and colleges of other universities are not
recognised.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
30">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-
33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a></sup><sup
</p><p>The UHI and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wales_Trinity_Saint_David"
title="University of Wales Trinity Saint David">University of Wales Trinity Saint
David</a> (UWTSD) both include further education colleges. However, while the UHI
colleges integrate FE and HE provision, UWTSD maintains a separation between the
university campuses (Lampeter, Carmarthen and Swansea) and the two colleges
(<i>Coleg Sir Gâr</i> and <i>Coleg Ceredigion</i>; n.b. <i>coleg</i> is <a
href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> for college), which
although part of the same group are treated as separate institutions rather than
colleges within the university.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36"
</p><p>A <a href="/wiki/University_college#United_Kingdom" title="University
college">university college</a> is an independent institution with the power to
award taught degrees, but which has not been granted university status. University
College is a protected title that can only be used with permission, although note
that <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College
London">University College London</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_College,_Oxford"
title="University College, Oxford">University College, Oxford</a> and <a
href="/wiki/University_College,_Durham" title="University College,
Durham">University College, Durham</a> are colleges within their respective
universities and not university colleges (in the case of UCL holding full degree
awarding powers that set it above a university college), while <a
href="/wiki/University_College_Birmingham" title="University College
Birmingham">University College Birmingham</a> is a university in its own right and
also not a university college.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States">United States</span><span
section: United States">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-
href="/wiki/File:North_Academic_Center_jeh.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/North_Academic_Center_jeh.
jpg/220px-North_Academic_Center_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/North_Academic_Center_j
eh.jpg/330px-North_Academic_Center_jeh.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/North_Academic_Center_jeh.jpg/4
40px-North_Academic_Center_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-
href="/wiki/File:North_Academic_Center_jeh.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City
College of New York">City College of New York</a></div></div></div>
href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education in the
United States">Higher education in the United States</a></div>
href="/wiki/Community_college#United_States" title="Community college">Community
college § United States</a></div>
<p>In the United States, there are over 7021 colleges and universities.<sup
id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a></sup> A
"college" in the US formally denotes a constituent part of a university, but in
popular usage, the word "college" is the generic term for any post-secondary
undergraduate education. Americans "go to college" after <a
href="/wiki/High_school_(North_America)" title="High school (North America)">high
school</a>, regardless of whether the specific institution is formally a college or
a university. Some students choose to dual-enroll, by taking college classes while
still in high school. The word and its derivatives are the standard terms used to
describe the institutions and experiences associated with American post-secondary
undergraduate education.
</p><p>Students must pay for college before taking classes. Some borrow the money
via loans, and some students fund their educations with cash, scholarships, grants,
or some combination of these payment methods. In 2011, the state or federal
government subsidized $8,000 to $100,000 for each undergraduate degree. For state-
owned schools (called "public" universities), the subsidy was given to the college,
with the student benefiting from lower tuition.<sup id="cite_ref-38"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-
39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a></sup> The state
subsidized on average 50% of public university tuition.<sup id="cite_ref-40"
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a
href="/wiki/File:Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg/2
20px-Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jp
g/330px-Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg/440px-
Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3895" data-file-height="2536" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Alumni_Hall_1889_Sun.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anselm_College" title="Saint Anselm
College">Saint Anselm College</a></div></div></div>
<p>Colleges vary in terms of size, degree, and length of stay. Two-year colleges,
also known as <a href="/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college">junior</a> or
<a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">community colleges</a>,
usually offer an <a href="/wiki/Associate_degree" title="Associate
degree">associate degree</a>, and four-year colleges usually offer a <a
href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's
degree</a>. Often, these are entirely <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education"
title="Undergraduate education">undergraduate</a> institutions, although some have
<a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" title="Graduate school">graduate school</a>
programs.
</p><p>Four-year institutions in the U.S. that emphasize a <a
href="/wiki/Liberal_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal arts">liberal arts</a>
curriculum are known as <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_colleges_in_the_United_States"
title="Liberal arts colleges in the United States">liberal arts colleges</a>. Until
the 20th century, liberal arts, law, medicine, theology, and divinity were about
the only form of higher education available in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-
41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a></sup> These schools
have traditionally emphasized instruction at the undergraduate level, although
advanced research may still occur at these institutions.
</p>
href="/wiki/File:Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bowdoin-chapel-
winter.jpg/220px-Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bowdoin-chapel-
winter.jpg/330px-Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bowdoin-chapel-
winter.jpg/440px-Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-
href="/wiki/File:Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin
College">Bowdoin College</a></div></div></div>
<p>While there is no national standard in the United States, the term "university"
primarily designates institutions that provide undergraduate and <a
href="/wiki/Graduate_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate
education">graduate education</a>. A university typically has as its core and its
largest internal division an undergraduate college teaching a <a
href="/wiki/Liberal_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal arts">liberal arts</a>
curriculum, also culminating in a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree"
title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a>. What often distinguishes a
university is having, in addition, one or more graduate schools engaged in both
teaching graduate classes and in research. Often these would be called a School of
Law or School of Medicine, (but may also be called a college of law, or a faculty
of law). An exception is <a href="/wiki/Vincennes_University" title="Vincennes
University">Vincennes University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana"
title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, which is styled and chartered as a "university" even
though almost all of its academic programs lead only to two-year associate degrees.
Some institutions, such as <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth
College">Dartmouth College</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_College_of_William_%26_Mary"
class="mw-redirect" title="The College of William & Mary">The College of
William & Mary</a>, have retained the term "college" in their names for
historical reasons. In one unique case, <a href="/wiki/Boston_College"
title="Boston College">Boston College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_University"
title="Boston University">Boston University</a>, the former located in Chestnut
Hill, Massachusetts and the latter located in Boston, Massachusetts, are completely
separate institutions.
</p><p>Usage of the terms varies among the states. In 1996, for example, <a
href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> changed
all of its four-year institutions previously designated as colleges to
universities, and all of its <a href="/wiki/Vocation"
title="Vocation">vocational</a> technology schools to <a
href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">technical
colleges</a>.
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a
href="/wiki/File:Crookshank_Hall.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Crookshank_Hall.jpg/220px-
Crookshank_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Crookshank_Hall.jpg/330
px-Crookshank_Hall.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Crookshank_Hall.jpg/440px-
Crookshank_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="798" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Crookshank_Hall.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Pomona_College"
title="Pomona College">Pomona College</a></div></div></div>
<p>The terms "university" and "college" do not exhaust all possible titles for an
American institution of higher education. Other options include "institute" (<a
href="/wiki/Worcester_Polytechnic_Institute" title="Worcester Polytechnic
Institute">Worcester Polytechnic Institute</a>) and (<a
href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute
of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>), "academy" (<a
href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military
Academy">United States Military Academy</a>), "union" (<a href="/wiki/Cooper_Union"
title="Cooper Union">Cooper Union</a>), "conservatory" (<a
href="/wiki/New_England_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="New England
Conservatory">New England Conservatory</a>), and "school" (<a
href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School</a>). In
colloquial use, they are still referred to as "college" when referring to their
undergraduate studies.
</p><p>The term <i>college</i> is also, as in the United Kingdom, used for a
constituent semi-autonomous part of a larger university but generally organized on
academic rather than residential lines. For example, at many institutions, the
undergraduate portion of the university can be briefly referred to as <b>the
college</b> (such as The <a href="/wiki/College_of_the_University_of_Chicago"
title="College of the University of Chicago">College of the University of
Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard
College</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard
University">Harvard</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Columbia_College_of_Columbia_University"
class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia College of Columbia University">Columbia
College</a> at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia
University">Columbia</a>) while at others, such as the <a
href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California,
Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, each of the faculties may be
called a "college" (the "college of engineering", the "college of nursing", and so
forth). There exist other variants for historical reasons; for example, <a
href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a>, which was
called Trinity College until the 1920s, still calls its main undergraduate
subdivision <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Trinity
College of Arts and Sciences">Trinity College of Arts and Sciences</a>.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Residential_colleges">Residential
colleges</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-
title=College&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Residential
colleges">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
href="/wiki/File:Scripps_College_for_Women-9.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Scripps_College_for_Women-
9.jpg/220px-Scripps_College_for_Women-9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Scripps_College_for_Wom
en-9.jpg/330px-Scripps_College_for_Women-9.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Scripps_College_for_Women-
9.jpg/440px-Scripps_College_for_Women-9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-
href="/wiki/File:Scripps_College_for_Women-9.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Scripps_College" title="Scripps
College">Scripps College</a></div></div></div>
<p>Some American universities, such as <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University"
title="Princeton University">Princeton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice_University"
title="Rice University">Rice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale
University">Yale</a> have established <a href="/wiki/Residential_college"
title="Residential college">residential colleges</a> (sometimes, as at <a
href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>, the first
to establish such a system in the 1930s, known as houses) along the lines of Oxford
or Cambridge.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
42">[41]</a></sup> Unlike the Oxbridge colleges, but similarly to <a
href="/wiki/Durham_University" title="Durham University">Durham</a>, these
residential colleges are not autonomous legal entities nor are they typically much
involved in education itself, being primarily concerned with room, board, and
social life.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
43">[42]</a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan"
title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>, <a
href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California,
San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a> and the <a
href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California,
Santa Cruz">University of California, Santa Cruz</a>, however, each of the
residential colleges does teach its own core writing courses and has its own
distinctive set of graduation requirements.
</p><p>Many U.S. universities have placed increased emphasis on their residential
colleges in recent years. This is exemplified by the creation of new colleges at <a
href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> schools such as <a
href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a><sup
and <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton
University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
45">[44]</a></sup> and efforts to strengthen the contribution of the
residential colleges to student education, including through a 2016 taskforce at
Princeton on residential colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Origin_of_the_U.S._usage">Origin of the U.S.
usage</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-
title=College&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Origin of the
U.S. usage">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>The founders of the first institutions of higher education in the United States
were graduates of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. The
small institutions they founded would not have seemed to them like universities –
they were tiny and did not offer the higher degrees in medicine and theology.
Furthermore, they were not composed of several small colleges. Instead, the new
institutions felt like the Oxford and Cambridge colleges they were used to – small
communities, housing and feeding their students, with instruction from residential
tutors (as in the United Kingdom, described above). When the first students
graduated, these "colleges" assumed the right to confer degrees upon them, usually
with authority—for example, <a href="/wiki/The_College_of_William_%26_Mary"
class="mw-redirect" title="The College of William & Mary">The College of
William & Mary</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Charter" class="mw-redirect"
title="Royal Charter">Royal Charter</a> from the British monarchy allowing it to
confer degrees while <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth
College">Dartmouth College</a> has a charter permitting it to award degrees "as are
usually granted in either of the universities, or any other college in our realm of
Great Britain."
</p>
href="/wiki/File:Agnes_Scott_College_-_Buttrick_Hall.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Agnes_Scott_College_-
_Buttrick_Hall.jpg/220px-Agnes_Scott_College_-_Buttrick_Hall.jpg" decoding="async"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Agnes_Scott_College_-
_Buttrick_Hall.jpg/330px-Agnes_Scott_College_-_Buttrick_Hall.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Agnes_Scott_College_-
_Buttrick_Hall.jpg/440px-Agnes_Scott_College_-_Buttrick_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-
width="2500" data-file-height="1667" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div
class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Agnes_Scott_College_-_Buttrick_Hall.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Scott_College"
title="Agnes Scott College">Agnes Scott College</a></div></div></div>
<p>The leaders of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard
College</a> (which granted America's first degrees in 1642) might have thought of
their college as the first of many residential colleges that would grow up into a
New Cambridge university. However, over time, few new colleges were founded there,
and Harvard grew and added higher faculties. Eventually, it changed its title to
university, but the term "college" had stuck and "colleges" have arisen across the
United States.
</p><p>In U.S. usage, the word "college" embodies not only a particular type of
school, but has historically been used to refer to the general concept of higher
education when it is not necessary to specify a school, as in "going to college" or
"college savings accounts" offered by banks.
</p><p>In a survey of more than 2,000 college students in 33 states and 156
different campuses, the U.S. Public Interest Research Group found the average
student spends as much as $1,200 each year on textbooks and supplies alone. By
comparison, the group says that's the equivalent of 39 percent of tuition and fees
at a community college, and 14 percent of tuition and fees at a four-year public
university.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
47">[46]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Morrill_Land-Grant_Act">Morrill Land-Grant
Act</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-
title=College&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Morrill Land-
Grant Act">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
href="/wiki/File:SUNY_Purchase_College.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SUNY_Purchase_College.jpg/
220px-SUNY_Purchase_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SUNY_Purchase_College.j
pg/330px-SUNY_Purchase_College.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/SUNY_Purchase_College.jpg/440px
-SUNY_Purchase_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4415" data-file-height="3100"
/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:SUNY_Purchase_College.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/SUNY_Purchase_College" class="mw-redirect"
title="SUNY Purchase College">SUNY Purchase College</a></div></div></div>
<p>In addition to private colleges and universities, the U.S. also has a system of
government funded, <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public
university">public universities</a>. Many were founded under the <a
href="/wiki/Morrill_Land-Grant_Colleges_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Morrill
Land-Grant Colleges Act">Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act</a> of 1862. A movement
had arisen to bring a form of more practical higher education to the masses, as
"...many politicians and educators wanted to make it possible for all young
Americans to receive some sort of advanced education."<sup id="cite_ref-enbkii_48-
0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enbkii-48">[47]</a></sup> The
Morrill Act "...made it possible for the new western states to establish colleges
for the citizens."<sup id="cite_ref-enbkii_48-1" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-enbkii-48">[47]</a></sup> Its goal was to make higher
education more easily accessible to the citizenry of the country, specifically to
improve agricultural systems by providing training and scholarship in the
production and sales of agricultural products,<sup id="cite_ref-49"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a></sup> and to provide
formal education in "...agriculture, home economics, mechanical arts, and other
professions that seemed practical at the time."<sup id="cite_ref-enbkii_48-2"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enbkii-48">[47]</a></sup>
</p><p>The act was eventually extended to allow all states that had remained with
the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil
War)">Union</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil
War">American Civil War</a>, and eventually all states, to establish such
institutions. Most of the colleges established under the Morrill Act have since
become full universities, and some are among the elite of the world.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Benefits_of_college">Benefits of
college</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-
title=College&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Benefits of
college">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4>
<p>Selection of a four-year college as compared to a two-year junior college, even
by marginal students such as those with a C+ grade average in high school and SAT
scores in the mid 800s, increases the probability of graduation and confers
substantial economic and social benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT42415_50-0"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT42415-50">[49]</a></sup><sup
id="cite_ref-NBER20996_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBER20996-
51">[50]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zimmerman_52-0" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-Zimmerman-52">[51]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</span><span class="mw-
Zimbabwe">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The term college is mainly used by private or independent secondary schools with
Advanced Level (Upper 6th formers) and also Polytechnic Colleges which confer
diplomas only. A student can complete secondary education (International General
Certificate of Secondary Education, <a href="/wiki/IGCSE" class="mw-redirect"
title="IGCSE">IGCSE</a>) at 16 years and proceed straight to a poly-technical
college or they can proceed to Advanced level (16 to 19 years) and obtain a General
Certificate of Education (<a href="/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Education"
title="General Certificate of Education">GCE</a>) certificate which enables them to
enrol at a university, provided they have good grades. Alternatively, with lower
grades the GCE certificate holders will have an added advantage over their <a
href="/wiki/GCSE" class="mw-redirect" title="GCSE">GCSE</a> counterparts if they
choose to enrol at a poly-technical college. Some schools in Zimbabwe choose to
offer the <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International
Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a> studies as an alternative to the <a
href="/wiki/IGCSE" class="mw-redirect" title="IGCSE">IGCSE</a> and GCE.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-
title=College&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See
also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li></ul>
<div style="clear:right;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-
Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-
10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Exceptions are made for "mature"
student, meaning 21 years of age or over, and out of the educational system for at
least 2 years</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-
References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width:
30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a
rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/college_1">"college
Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"</a>. <i>dictionary.cambridge.org</i>.
<a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110904005447/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/di
ctionary/british/college_1">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September
2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev
%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionary.cambridge.org&rft.at
itle=college+Meaning+in+the+Cambridge+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F
%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fbritish%2Fcollege_1&rfr_id=info
%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-
deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r951705291">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-
style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output
.id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-
image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-
Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-
gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6
5/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-
position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-
output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-
parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-
image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-
2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-
gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d
6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-
position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-
output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-
image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-
2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-
gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a
a/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-
position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output
.cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-
output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-
output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-
image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-
logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-
gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4
c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-
size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-
code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-
output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-
visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-
maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-
subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-
format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-
wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output
.cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-
selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span>
</li>
2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassell's Latin Dictionary,
Marchant, J.R.V, & Charles, Joseph F., (Eds.), Revised Edition, 1928: lego;
colligo</span>
</li>
3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cassell's Latin Dictionary,
Marchant, J.R.V, & Charles, Joseph F., (Eds.), Revised Edition, 1928,
p.107</span>
</li>
4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external
text"
href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofetoncol00custuoft/historyofetoncol00custu
oft_djvu.txt">Cust, Lionel, <i>History of Eton College</i>, 1899, p.5</a></span>
</li>
href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/college_1">"college noun
(EDUCATION)"</a>. <i>Cambridge Dictionary Online</i>. <a rel="nofollow"
class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110904005447/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/di
ctionary/british/college_1">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September
%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Dictionary+Online&rft
.atitle=college+noun+%28EDUCATION%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F
%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fbritish%2Fcollege_1&rfr_id=info
%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-
deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905035412/http://www.paris.fr/english/guide-
for-foreign-residents/the-necessary-steps-to-settling-in/children-
families/rub_8145_stand_33668_port_18796">"Children & families"</a>. City of
Paris. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://www.paris.fr/english/guide-for-foreign-residents/the-necessary-steps-
to-settling-in/children-families/rub_8145_stand_33668_port_18796">the original</a>
on 5 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span
class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Children+
%26+families&rft.pub=City+of+Paris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paris.fr
%2Fenglish%2Fguide-for-foreign-residents%2Fthe-necessary-steps-to-settling-in
%2Fchildren-families%2Frub_8145_stand_33668_port_18796&rfr_id=info%3Asid
%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-
inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
text"
href="http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/general/elemsec/privsch/search.asp">Private
Elementary and Secondary Schools</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109045046/http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/gener
al/elemsec/privsch/search.asp">Archived</a> 9 January 2009 at the <a
href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> search
form on the Ministry of Education of Ontario web site—enter "college" in the "name
contains" field and check the "secondary" checkbox</span>
</li>
text" href="http://sbinfo.edu.gov.on.ca/schadv.asp">Find a School or School
Board</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090908182055/http://sbinfo.edu.gov.on.ca/schadv
.asp">Archived</a> 8 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine"
title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> search form on the Ministry of
Education of Ontario web site—click "Secondary" and "Separate"</span>
</li>
free" href="https://www.tudelft.nl/en/education/information-and-experience/whats-
the-difference-between-hbo-and-
wo/">https://www.tudelft.nl/en/education/information-and-experience/whats-the-
difference-between-hbo-and-wo/</a></span>
</li>
rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uoguelph.ca/cbs/">"College of
Biological Science"</a>. University of Guelph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external
text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100626040312/http://www.uoguelph.ca/cbs/">Archi
ved</a> from the original on 26 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">.
Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span
title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=College+of+Biological+Science&rft.
pub=University+of+Guelph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uoguelph.ca%2Fcbs
%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege" class="Z3988"></span><link
rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-
data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
text" href="http://sbinfo.edu.gov.on.ca/schadv.asp">Find a School or School
Board</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090908182055/http://sbinfo.edu.gov.on.ca/schadv
.asp">Archived</a> 2009-09-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback
Machine">Wayback Machine</a> search form on the Ministry of Education of Ontario
web site—click "Secondary" and "Separate"</span>
</li>
href="https://vancouver.cdncompanies.com/other/canada-capstone-college-
vancouver/">"Canada Capstone College – Opening hours – 360 Robson Street,
Vancouver, British Columbia – Customer Reviews | Canada Online"</a>.
<i>vancouver.cdncompanies.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vancouver.cdncompanies.com&rft.
atitle=Canada+Capstone+College+%E2%80%93+Opening+hours+%E2%80%93+360+Robson+Street
%2C+Vancouver%2C+British+Columbia+%E2%80%93+Customer+Reviews+
%7C+Canada+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.cdncompanies.com%2Fother
%2Fcanada-capstone-college-vancouver%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org
%3ACollege" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-
</li>
14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news
cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://cihe.neasc.org/search/node/hellenic">"Search"</a>. <i>Colleges &
Universities (CIHE) / Commission on Institutions of Higher Education</i>. <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180320145717/https://cihe.neasc.org/search/node
/hellenic">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2018<span class="reference-
accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span>
2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Colleges+
%26+Universities+%28CIHE%29+
%2F+Commission+on+Institutions+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Search&rft_id
=https%3A%2F%2Fcihe.neasc.org%2Fsearch%2Fnode%2Fhellenic&rfr_id=info%3Asid
</li>
href="https://latasinha.wordpress.com/2010/03/14/impact-of-modern-education-on-the-
culture-of-india/">"Influence of modern education on the culture of India"</a>. 14
March 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170730041305/https://latasinha.wordpress.com/20
10/03/14/impact-of-modern-education-on-the-culture-of-india/">Archived</a> from the
original on 30 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Influence+of+modern+education+on+the+c
ulture+of+India&rft.date=2010-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F
%2Flatasinha.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F03%2F14%2Fimpact-of-modern-education-on-the-
culture-of-india%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege"
class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-
</li>
16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hebrew: ‫ מִכְלָלָה‬Mikhlala; pl.
‫ מכללות‬Mikhlalot</span>
</li>
17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">",)‫חוק המועצה להשכלה גבוהה" (מל"ג‬
‫ רק מוסד להשכלה גבוהה שקיבל את אישור המועצה להשכלה גבוהה יהיה רשאי‬,1958-‫תשי"ח‬
‫"להשתמש בכינוי "מכללה אקדמית‬.</span>
</li>
18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">‫<מכללה טכנולוגית‬/span>
</li>
19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(‫<)הנדסאי‬/span>
</li>
20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">‫ מכללה להכשרה‬or ‫מכללה‬
‫<מקצועית‬/span>
</li>
text" href="http://www.moit.gov.il/NR/exeres/4F6220D0-B396-43FF-BC13-
1C56BE3216CF.htm">1985-‫ התשמ"ה‬,)‫<תקנות החשמל (רשיונות‬/a> <a rel="nofollow"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509083424/http://www.moit.gov.il/NR/exeres/4
F6220D0-B396-43FF-BC13-1C56BE3216CF.htm">Archived</a> 9 May 2012 at the <a
href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
free" href="https://www.government.nl/topics/secondary-vocational-education-mbo-
and-higher-education/secondary-vocational-education-
mbo">https://www.government.nl/topics/secondary-vocational-education-mbo-and-
higher-education/secondary-vocational-education-mbo</a></span>
</li>
and-higher-education/higher-education">https://www.government.nl/topics/secondary-
vocational-education-mbo-and-higher-education/higher-education</a></span>
</li>
and-higher-education/higher-education">https://www.government.nl/topics/secondary-
vocational-education-mbo-and-higher-education/higher-education</a></span>
</li>
free" href="https://www.tudelft.nl/en/education/information-and-experience/whats-
the-difference-between-hbo-and-
wo/">https://www.tudelft.nl/en/education/information-and-experience/whats-the-
difference-between-hbo-and-wo/</a></span>
</li>
href="http://www.educationuk.org/global/articles/further-education-
institutions/">"Further education – Colleges and other institutions"</a>.
<i>Education UK</i>. <a href="/wiki/British_Council" title="British
Council">British Council</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170119035610/http://www.educationuk.org/global/
articles/further-education-institutions/">Archived</a> from the original on 19
January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28
August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Education+UK&rft.atitle=Further
+education+%E2%80%93+Colleges+and+other+institutions&rft_id=http%3A%2F
%2Fwww.educationuk.org%2Fglobal%2Farticles%2Ffurther-education-institutions
</li>
27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite
id="CITEREFKeiran_Southern2016" class="citation news cs1">Keiran Southern (29 June
2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/newcastle-education-
group-become-first-11539127">"Newcastle education group to become first in the
country to award its own degree courses"</a>. <i>ChronicleLive</i>. <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918192508/http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/new
s/north-east-news/newcastle-education-group-become-first-11539127">Archived</a>
from the original on 18 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ChronicleLive&rft.atitle=Newcas
tle+education+group+to+become+first+in+the+country+to+award+its+own+degree+courses&
amp;rft.date=2016-06-29&rft.au=Keiran+Southern&rft_id=http%3A%2F
%2Fwww.chroniclelive.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnorth-east-news%2Fnewcastle-education-group-
become-first-11539127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege"
</li>
href="http://www.hefce.ac.uk/reg/register/search/Overview">"Overview"</a>.
<i>Register of HE providers</i>. <a href="/wiki/HEFCE" class="mw-redirect"
title="HEFCE">HEFCE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160903141438/http://www.hefce.ac.uk/reg/registe
r/search/Overview">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2016<span
class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span>
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Register+of+HE+providers&rft.at
itle=Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hefce.ac.uk%2Freg%2Fregister%2Fsearch
%2FOverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege"
</li>
href="http://www.hefce.ac.uk/reg/register/getthedata/">"Get the data"</a>.
<i>Register of HE providers</i>. <a href="/wiki/HEFCE" class="mw-redirect"
title="HEFCE">HEFCE</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160911010828/http://www.hefce.ac.uk/reg/registe
r/getthedata/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2016<span
class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span>
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Register+of+HE+providers&rft.at
itle=Get+the+data&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hefce.ac.uk%2Freg%2Fregister
%2Fgetthedata%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege"
</li>
rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.ucas.com">"Search
courses"</a>. UCAS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826142005/http://search.ucas.com/">Archived<
/a> from the original on 26 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">.
Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Search+courses&rft.pub=UCAS&rf
t_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ucas.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org
</li>
id="CITEREFR._J._O'Hara2004" class="citation web cs1">R. J. O'Hara (20 December
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the University of Durham"</a>. The Collegiate Way<span class="reference-
accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span>
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Collegiate+System+at+the+Universit
y+of+Durham&rft.pub=The+Collegiate+Way&rft.date=2004-12-20&rft.au=R.+J.
+O%27Hara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollegiateway.org%2Fnews%2F2004-durham-
colleges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege"
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href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/2993/made">"The Education (Listed
Bodies) (England) Order 2013"</a>. <i>Legislation.gov.uk</i>. 27 November 2013. <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150731221856/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi
/2013/2993/made">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2015.</cite><span
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=T
he+Education+%28Listed+Bodies%29+%28England%29+Order+2013&rft.date=2013-11-
27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi
%2F2013%2F2993%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege"
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href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/2992/made">"The Education (Recognised
Bodies) (England) Order 2013"</a>. <i>Legislation.gov.uk</i>. 27 November 2013. <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160831060828/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi
/2013/2992/made">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2016.</cite><span
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=T
he+Education+%28Recognised+Bodies%29+%28England%29+Order+2013&rft.date=2013-11-
27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi
%2F2013%2F2992%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege"
</li>
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160919145239/https://www.ucas.com/sites/default
/files/institution-and-campus-codes.xls">"List of institution and campus
codes"</a>. UCAS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://www.ucas.com/sites/default/files/institution-and-campus-
codes.xls">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> on 19 September
2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28
August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+institution+and+campus+codes&a
mp;rft.pub=UCAS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucas.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles
%2Finstitution-and-campus-codes.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org
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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uhi.ac.uk/en/about-
uhi">"About UHI"</a>. University of the Highlands and Islands. <a rel="nofollow"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920174551/https://www.uhi.ac.uk/en/about-
uhi">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2016<span class="reference-
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+UHI&rft.pub=University+of+th
e+Highlands+and+Islands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uhi.ac.uk%2Fen%2Fabout-
uhi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege" class="Z3988"></span><link
</li>
rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwtsd.ac.uk/about/uwtsd-
group/">"UWTSD Group"</a>. University of Wales Trinity Saint David. <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160919202104/http://www.uwtsd.ac.uk/about/uwtsd
-group/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2016<span class="reference-
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UWTSD+Group&rft.pub=University+of+
Wales+Trinity+Saint+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uwtsd.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fuwtsd-
group%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege"
</li>
37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNCES2013"
class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Education_Statistics"
title="National Center for Education Statistics">NCES</a> (September 2013). <a
href="https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=84">"Fast Facts – Educational
Institutions"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150411012505/http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/displ
ay.asp?id=84">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2015<span
class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span>
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fast+Facts+
%E2%80%93+Educational+Institutions&rft.date=2013-
09&rft.au=NCES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2Ffastfacts%2Fdisplay.asp
%3Fid%3D84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege"
</li>
38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation
pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://www.air.org/focus-area/education/index.cfm?
fa=viewContent&content_id=1288&id=6">"Taxpayer Subsidies for Most Colleges
and Universities Average Between $8,000 to More than $100,000 for Each Bachelor's
Degree, New Study Finds"</a> (Press release). American Institutes for Research. 12
May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131230231938/http://www.air.org/focus-
area/education/index.cfm?fa=viewContent&content_id=1288&id=6">Archived</a>
from the original on 30 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taxpayer+Subsidies+for+Most+Colleges+a
nd+Universities+Average+Between+%248%2C000+to+More+than+
%24100%2C000+for+Each+Bachelor%27s+Degree
%2C+New+Study+Finds&rft.pub=American+Institutes+for+Research&rft.date=2011-
05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.air.org%2Ffocus-area%2Feducation%2Findex.cfm%3Ffa
%3DviewContent%26content_id%3D1288%26id%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid
</li>
href="https://www.nber.org/digest/dec03/w9720.html">"State Education Subsidies
Shift Students to Public Universities"</a>. <i>www.nber.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924104945/http://www.nber.org/digest/dec03/w
9720.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2017.</cite><span
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nber.org&rft.atitle=State+E
ducation+Subsidies+Shift+Students+to+Public+Universities&rft_id=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.nber.org%2Fdigest%2Fdec03%2Fw9720.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid
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40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFethke2012"
class="citation web cs1">Fethke, Gary (1 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow"
class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/article/article-
content/131372">"Why Does Tuition Go Up? Because Taxpayer Support Goes Down"</a>.
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130420180123/http://chronicle.com/article/artic
le-content/131372">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2013 – via The
Chronicle of Higher Education.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Does+Tuition+Go+Up
%3F+Because+Taxpayer+Support+Goes+Down&rft.date=2012-04-
01&rft.aulast=Fethke&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com
%2Farticle%2Farticle-content%2F131372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org
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41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMasci1998"
class="citation book cs1">Masci, David (1998). <i>Should colleges get back to
basics?</i>. CQ Researcher. Congressional Quarterly.</cite><span
%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Should+colleges+get+back+to+basics
%3F&rft.series=CQ+Researcher&rft.pub=Congressional+Quarterly&rft.date=1
998&rft.aulast=Masci&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid
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amuel+Eliot+Morison+on+the+Harvard+Houses&rft.au=Robert+J.+O
%E2%80%99Hara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollegiateway.org%2Freading%2Fmorison-
1936%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege"
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accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2017</span>. <q>The
University of Durham is the third oldest collegiate university in Great Britain,
and most of Durham’s residential colleges are creatures of the central university
rather than legally independent corporations. In this respect, the Durham colleges
are closer in structure to the residential colleges that have been established in
the United States and elsewhere in recent years than are the independent
corporations of Oxford and Cambridge.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Collegiate+Way&rft.atitle=C
ollegiate+Developments+at+Durham+and+Princeton&rft.date=2002-10-
08&rft.au=Robert+J.+O%E2%80%99Hara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollegiateway.org
%2Fnews%2F2002-durham-princeton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege"
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href="http://newresidentialcolleges.yale.edu/">"The New Residential Colleges"</a>.
<i>Yale University</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506115030/http://newresidentialcolleges.yale
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New+Residential+Colleges&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewresidentialcolleges.yale.edu
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& Dining"</a>. <i>Princeton University</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external
text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160511175218/http://www.princeton.edu/main/camp
uslife/housingdining/colleges/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May
%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Princeton+University&rft.atitle
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plan/taskforces/rescollege/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June
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%27s+Future&rft.atitle=Task+Force+on+the+Residential+College+Model&rft_id=h
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deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBidwell2014"
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s/2014/01/28/report-high-textbook-prices-have-college-students-
struggling">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2015.</cite><span
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News&rft.atitle=Report
%3A+High+Textbook+Prices+Have+College+Students+Struggling&rft.date=2014-01-
28&rft.aulast=Bidwell&rft.aufirst=Allie&rft_id=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2014%2F01%2F28%2Freport-high-textbook-prices-
have-college-students-struggling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org
</li>
<li id="cite_note-enbkii-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-
enbkii_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enbkii_48-
1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-enbkii_48-
2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite
id="CITEREFLightcap" class="citation web cs1">Lightcap, Brad. <a rel="nofollow"
class="external text" href="http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/morrill.html">"The
Morrill Act of 1862"</a>. <i>ND.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080108111525/http://www.nd.edu/~rbarger/www7/mo
rrill.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2008.</cite><span
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ND.edu&rft.atitle=The+Morrill+A
ct+of+1862&rft.aulast=Lightcap&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=http%3A%2F
%2Fwww.nd.edu%2F~rbarger%2Fwww7%2Fmorrill.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid
</li>
href="http://www.dafvm.msstate.edu/laws/history.html">"A Land-Grant
Institution"</a>. Dafvm.msstate.edu. 11 August 2009. <a rel="nofollow"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100610150606/http://www.dafvm.msstate.edu/laws/
history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2010<span class="reference-
accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span>
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Land-
Grant+Institution&rft.pub=Dafvm.msstate.edu&rft.date=2009-08-
11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dafvm.msstate.edu%2Flaws
%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACollege"
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NYT42415-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a
href="#cite_ref-NYT42415_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite
id="CITEREFDavid_Leonhardt2015" class="citation news cs1"><a
href="/wiki/David_Leonhardt" title="David Leonhardt">David Leonhardt</a> (24 April
href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/26/upshot/college-for-the-
masses.html">"College for the Masses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Upshot
blog)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150426031622/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/26/
upshot/college-for-the-masses.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April
2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26
April</span> 2015</span>. <q>Only about a third of young adults today receive a
bachelor's degree. The new research confirms that many more teenagers have the
ability to do so—and would benefit from it</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=C
ollege+for+the+Masses&rft.date=2015-04-
24&rft.au=David+Leonhardt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com
%2F2015%2F04%2F26%2Fupshot%2Fcollege-for-the-masses.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NBER20996-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a
href="#cite_ref-NBER20996_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite
id="CITEREFJoshua_GoodmanMichael_HurwitzJonathan_Smith2015" class="citation journal
cs1">Joshua Goodman; Michael Hurwitz; Jonathan Smith (February 2015). <a
href="http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/joshuagoodman/files/collegetypequality.pdf">
"College Access, Initial College Choice and Degree Completion"</a> <span
class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Bureau of Economic Research. <a
href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi
(identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://doi.org/10.3386%2Fw20996">10.3386/w20996</a>. <a rel="nofollow"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150506014135/http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/j
oshuagoodman/files/collegetypequality.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-
format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 May 2015.</cite><span
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=College+Access
%2C+Initial+College+Choice+and+Degree+Completion&rft.date=2015-
02&rft_id=info%3Adoi
%2F10.3386%2Fw20996&rft.au=Joshua+Goodman&rft.au=Michael+Hurwitz&rft.au
=Jonathan+Smith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.harvard.edu%2Ffiles%2Fjoshuagoodman
%2Ffiles%2Fcollegetypequality.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org
%3ACollege" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error error citation-
comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a
href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1
errors">help</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Zimmerman-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a
href="#cite_ref-Zimmerman_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite
id="CITEREFSeth_Zimmerman2013" class="citation web cs1">Seth Zimmerman (May 2013).
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331185254/http://pantheon.yale.edu/~sdz3/Zim
merman_JoLE_5_2013.pdf">"The Returns to College Admission for Academically Marginal
Students"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a
href="http://pantheon.yale.edu/~sdz3/Zimmerman_JoLE_5_2013.pdf">the original</a>
<span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 31 March 2015<span class="reference-
accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2015</span>.
<q>Students with grades just above a threshold for admissions eligibility at a
large public university in Florida are much more likely to attend any university
than below-threshold students. The marginal admission yields earnings gains of 22
percent between eight and fourteen years after high school completion. These gains
outstrip the costs of college attendance, and are largest for male students and
free lunch recipients.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Returns+to+College+Admission+for+A
cademically+Marginal+Students&rft.date=2013-
05&rft.au=Seth+Zimmerman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpantheon.yale.edu
%2F~sdz3%2FZimmerman_JoLE_5_2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org
</li>
</ol></div>
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title="wikt:Special:Search/College">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span>
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title="b:Special:Search/College">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span>
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en.svg/27px-Wikiversity-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24"
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school</a></li></ul>
weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary
education">Secondary</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_high_school" title="Adult high school">Adult high
school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_college" title="Cadet college">Cadet college</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_institute" title="Collegiate institute">Collegiate
institute</a></li>
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school">Comprehensive high school</a></li>
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school</a></li>
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school">Continuation high school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">Grammar school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium
(school)">Gymnasium</a></li>
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school</a></li>
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school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college" title="Sixth form college">Sixth form
college</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Studio_school" title="Studio school">Studio school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/University-preparatory_school" class="mw-redirect"
title="University-preparatory school">University-preparatory school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/University_technical_college" title="University technical
college">University technical college</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Upper_school" title="Upper school">Upper school</a></li></ul>
weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary
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school">Professional school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Technical_school" title="Technical school">Technical
school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">Vocational
school</a></li></ul>
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left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">Academy</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">College</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">Community
college</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" title="Graduate school">Graduate
school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of
technology">Institute of technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college">Junior college</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">Liberal arts
college</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">Research
university</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/University" title="University">University</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Upper_division_college" title="Upper division college">Upper
division college</a></li>
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university</a></li></ul>
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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Combined</th><td
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width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em
0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-through_school" title="All-through school">All-through
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<li><a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">Middle school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/One-room_school" title="One-room school">One-room
schools</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_school" title="Ranch school">Ranch school</a></li></ul>
class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By funding / eligibility</th><td
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left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English
school)">Academy <small>(England)</small></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">Charter school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Community_day_school" title="Community day school">Community day
school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school_(England_and_Wales)" title="Comprehensive
school (England and Wales)">Comprehensive school <small>(British)</small></a></li>
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education</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Free_education" title="Free education">Free education</a></li>
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<small>(England)</small></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Independent_school" title="Independent school">Independent
school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Independent_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Independent school
(United Kingdom)">UK Independent school</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preparatory_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Preparatory
school (United Kingdom)">preparatory</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United
Kingdom)">public</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">Selective
school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Separate_school" title="Separate school">Separate
school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sink_school" title="Sink school">Sink school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">State or public
school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State-integrated_school" title="State-integrated school">State-
integrated school <small>(New Zealand)</small></a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By
style / method</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_school" title="Alternative school">Alternative
school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">Boarding
school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Catholic
school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Day_school" title="Day school">Day school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_education" title="Democratic education">Democratic
education</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Folk_high_school" title="Folk high school">Folk high
school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anarchistic_free_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchistic
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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a
href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6"
title="Каледж – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a
href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6" title="Колеж –
Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a
href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/College" title="College – Catalan" lang="ca"
hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a
href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolej_(vzd%C4%9Bl%C3%A1vac%C3%AD_za
%C5%99%C3%ADzen%C3%AD)" title="Kolej (vzdělávací zařízení) – Czech" lang="cs"
hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a
href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/College" title="College – Danish" lang="da"
hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc"><a
href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollitsch" title="Kollitsch – Pennsylvania
German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a
href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/College" title="College – German" lang="de"
hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a
href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolled%C5%BE" title="Kolledž – Estonian"
lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE
%9A%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κολέγιο – Greek" lang="el"
hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a
href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/College" title="College – Spanish" lang="es"
hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a
href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolegio" title="Kolegio – Esperanto" lang="eo"
hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA
%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC" title="‫ – کالج‬Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa"
class="interlanguage-link-target">‫<فارسی‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-fr"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coll
%C3%A8ge_(%C3%A9tablissement)" title="Collège (établissement) – French" lang="fr"
hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC
%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80" title="칼리지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko"
class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-hy"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%B8%D5%AC
%D5%A5%D5%BB" title="Քոլեջ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-hi"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE
%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF"
title="महाविद्यालय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-
target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io"><a
href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolegio" title="Kolegio – Ido" lang="io"
hreflang="io" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a
href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolese" title="Kolese – Indonesian" lang="id"
hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a
href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/College" title="College – Italian" lang="it"
hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a
href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%94" title="‫– מכללה‬
Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">‫<עברית‬/a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a
href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%AF
%E1%83%98" title="კოლეჯი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-
link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a
href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6"
title="Колледж – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw"><a
href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuo" title="Chuo – Swahili" lang="sw"
hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky"><a
href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6"
title="Коллеж – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a
href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegium" title="Collegium – Latin" lang="la"
hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a
href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koled%C5%BEa" title="Koledža – Latvian"
lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a
href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koled%C5%BEas" title="Koledžas – Lithuanian"
lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a
href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9C
%E0%B5%8D" title="കോളേജ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml"
class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-mr"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE
title="महाविद्यालय – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-
target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a
href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolej" title="Kolej – Malay" lang="ms"
hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a
href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD
%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="ကောလိပ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my"
class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-nl"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_(Verenigde_Staten)"
title="College (Verenigde Staten) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-ne"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE
title="महाविद्यालय – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" class="interlanguage-link-
target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a
href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8" title="カ
レッジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語<
/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a
href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/College" title="College – Norwegian Bokmål"
lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a
href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/College" title="College – Norwegian Nynorsk"
lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz"><a
href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollej" title="Kollej – Uzbek" lang="uz"
hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa"><a
href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%9C"
title="ਕਾਲਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-
target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb"><a
href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC" title="‫ – کالج‬Western
Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target">
‫<پنجابی‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a
href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/College" title="College – Polish" lang="pl"
hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col
%C3%A9gio" title="Colégio
– Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a
href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colegiu" title="Colegiu – Romanian" lang="ro"
hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue"><a
href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6"
title="Коледж – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a
href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6"
title="Колледж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><a
href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/College" title="College – Scots" lang="sco"
hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a
href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolegji" title="Kolegji – Albanian" lang="sq"
hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a
href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/College" title="College – Simple English"
lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple
English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd"><a
href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC" title="‫– ڪاليج‬
Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" class="interlanguage-link-target">‫<سنڌي‬/a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a
href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolid%C5%BE" title="Kolidž – Slovenian"
lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a
href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8E%DA%98" title="‫– کۆلێژ‬
Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">
‫<کوردی‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a
href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9F" title="Колеџ –
Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски /
srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a
href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koled%C5%BE" title="Koledž – Serbo-Croatian"
lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski /
српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a
href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/College" title="College – Finnish" lang="fi"
hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a
href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/College" title="College – Swedish" lang="sv"
hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a
href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalubhasaan" title="Dalubhasaan – Tagalog"
lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a
href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF
%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF" title="கல்லூரி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta"
class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-te"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%BE
%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2" title="కళాశాల – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te"
class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-th"><a
href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E
0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2" title="วิทยาลั ย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th"
class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-tr"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolej" title="Kolej – Turkish"
lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a
href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6"
title="Коледж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a
href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC" title="‫ – کالج‬Urdu"
lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">‫<اردو‬/a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr
%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Trường đại học –
Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng
Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><a
href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolehiyo" title="Kolehiyo – Waray" lang="war"
hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu"><a
href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="学院 – Wu Chinese"
lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi"><a
href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%96%D7%A9"
title="‫ – קלאעדזש‬Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target">
‫<יִידיש‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="https://zh-
yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%A2%E6%A0%A1" title="院校 – Cantonese" lang="yue"
hreflang="yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a
href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="學院 – Chinese"
lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul>
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Understanding College

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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-

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