CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DCC 20063
ENGINEERING SURVEY

FIELD WORK REPORT

TRAVERSE
FIELD WORK TITLE
NUR ZAFIRAH NABILAH BINTI SAIDON
( 03DKA20F1092 ) CRITERIA MARK

MUHAMAD DANIAL HAKIM BIN

RUZAIDI INTRODUCTION
( 03DKA20F1137 )
MEMBER OF GROUP KHAIRUL BAHARIN BIN MOHD NIZAM MATERIALS AND
( 03DKA20F1079 ) METHODS
SHAMSUL AMRI BIN SHAIFUL ANUAR
( 03DKA20F1087 ) DATA

NUR AUNI MUSFIRAH BINTI MD RADZI

( 03DKA20F1096 ) PLOTTING

MUHAMMAD AJWAD BIN ZAINUDDIN

( 03DKA20F1125 ) ANALYSIS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

COURSE/SESION TOTAL MARK

COMMENT:

LECTERUR SAMSUL NIZAN BIN MOHD EHSAN

1
 REPORT CONTENT

NO. TITLE PAGE

3 INTRODUCTION 3

4 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3-9

5 DATA 10-11
6 PLOTTING 12-13
7 ANALYSIS 14-15
9 DISCUSSION 16
10 CONCLUSION 17
11 ATTACHMENT 18
12 REFERENCES 19

2
 INTRODUCTION

A TRAVERSE IS ASERIES OF CONSECUTIVE STRAIGHT LINES ALONG

THE PATH OF A SURVEY, THE LENGTHS AND DIRECTIONS OF WHICH
ARE OR HAVE BEEN DETERMINED BY FIELD MEA- SUREMENTS. THE
SURVEYING PERFORMED TO EVALUATE SUCH FIELD MEASUREMENTS IS
KNOWN AS TRAVERSING.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

N TOOLS QUANTITY
O
1 TOTAL STATION 1
2 PRISMATIC COMPASS 1
3 TRIPOD 1
4 HAMMER 1
5 PRISM 1
6 PICKET 4
7 FIELD BOOK/BOOKING FORM 1

 TOTAL STATION
3
 A TOTAL STATION IS AN OPTICAL INSTRUMENT COMMONLY
USED IN CONSTRUCTION, SURVEYING AND CIVIL
ENGINEERING. IT IS USEFUL FOR MEASURING HORIZONTAL
ANGLES, VERTICAL ANGLES AND DISTANCE — IT DOES THIS
BY ANALYZING THE SLOPE BETWEEN ITSELF AND A SPECIFIC
POINT.

 TRIPOD

A TRIPOD IS A PORTABLE THREE-LEGGED FRAME OR

STAND, USED AS A PLATFORM FOR SUPPORTING THE
WEIGHT AND MAINTAINING THE STABILITY OF SOME OTHER
OBJECT. A TRIPOD PROVIDES STABILITY AGAINST
DOWNWARD FORCES AND HORIZONTAL FORCES AND
MOVEMENTS ABOUT HORIZONTAL AXES.

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 HAMMER

THE HAMMER IS TO HIT THE PICKET AS A SIGN.

 PRISM

USED AS A PROFIT MARKER TO CALCULATE DISTANCE AND

GET ANGLES.

 PICKET

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 USED AS A SIGNALING TOOL TO SET UP A LEVELING TOOL.
3) THEORY
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT (EDM)

FIGURE 1 SHOWS A WAVE OF WAVELENGTH Λ. THE WAVE IS TRAVELLING

ALONG THE X AXIS WITH A VELOCITY OF 299, 792.5 ± 0.4 KM/S (IN
VACUUM). THE FREQUENCY OF THE WAVE IS, THE TIME TAKEN FOR ONE
COMPLETE WAVELENGTH.

FIGURE 1 : LIGHT WAVE (SOURCE : COURTESY OF LEICA CO.

INC..TORONTO IN THE RAMSAY)

Λ=C/Ƒ
WHERE Λ = WAVELENGTH IN METERS
C = VELOCITY IN KM/S
Ƒ = FREQUENCY IN HERTZ (ONE CYCLE PER SECOND)

4.0 PROCEDURES

4.1 PROCEDURES OF TRAVERSE

1. CONDUCT A FIELD RECONNAISSANCE AT GIVEN AREA DETERMINED BY

LECTURER.

6
2. START WORK BY USING US PRISMATIC COMPASS AT FIRST STATION AND TO
GET DATUM VALUE.

3. DISTANCE BETWEEN STATIONS MUST BE MORE THAN 20 METERS AND LESS

THAN 80 METERS.

4. SET UP THE TRIPOD AND TOTAL STATION INSTRUMENT AT STATION POINT.

5. LEVEL THE INSTRUMENTS THROUGH THE CIRCLE BUBBLE IS LOCATED AT THE
CENTER.

FIGURE 1: CROSS-HAIR (BUBBLE LOCATED THE CENTER)

6. SETUP FIRST PRISM AS BACK STATION AND SECOND

PRISM AS FORWARD STATION

FIGURE 2: SETTING UP TOTAL STATION AND PRISM

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7. FOCUS AND TARGET FIRST PRISM (BACK SIGHT)
8. MEASURE FOR BEARING, HORIZONTAL DISTANCE, VERTICAL ANGLES AND
SLOPE DISTANCE.

9. TRANSIT TOTAL STATION TO FORWARD STATION AND TARGET THE PRISM

(FORESIGHT).
10. MEASURE FOR BEARING, HORIZONTAL DISTANCE, VERTICAL ANGLES AND
SLOPE DISTANCE.

11. REPEAT ABOVE STEPS TO COMPLETE THE TRAVERSE.

12. EACH GROUP MUST CONDUCT FIRST CLASS TRAVERSE, COMPLETE
WITH FIELD BOOK AND TRAVERSE ADJUSTMENT CALCULATION.

FIGURE 3 : STATION OF
IMMEDIATE SIGNIFICANCE

FIGURE 4: DIAGRAM OF
A TRAVERSE

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4.2 PROCEDURES OF DETAIL PLAN

1. CONDUCT A FIELD RECONNAISSANCE AT GIVEN AREA DETERMINED BY

LECTURER.
2. SET UP THE TRIPOD AND TOTAL STATION INSTRUMENT AT STATION POINT.
3. LEVEL THE INSTRUMENTS THROUGH THE CIRCLE BUBBLE IS LOCATED AT THE
CENTER.
4. AFTER THAT, COLLECT DATA EACH EVERY POINT OR STATION.
5. BOOKING AND PROCESS THE DATA COLLECTION TO PRODUCE DETAILS
SURVEY PLAN.
6. REPEAT ABOVE STEPS TO COMPLETE THE DETAILS.

1
2

7 6

FIGURE 5: SHOWS AN AREA WHICH NEEDS TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY. THERE ARE SOME OBJECT ILLUSTRATED IN
THAT FIGURE, SUCH AS STATION (A), BUILDING, LAMP POST AND TREE.

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 TRAVERSE FORMS
Fail No. : ________________ Figure in page :_______________

LINE

temperature
FROM TO VERTICAL ANGLE Distance Distance Ultimate
BEARING/ANGLE STN. SYN
STN (+/-) Straps distance

FACE LEFT FACE RIGHT AVERAGE FINAL BEARING

DATUM 70°00’00”

4 70°00’00” 250°00’00” 20.81 m

1 156°23’20” 1 155°48’00” 2
2 156°23’20” 336°23’20” (+00°35’20”)

1 336°23’20” 156°23’20” 23.06 m

2 72°22’40” 2 71°12’00” 3
3 72°22’40” 252°22’40” (+00°5’42”)

2 252°22’40” 72°22’40” 18.28 m

3 345°24’00” 3 343°39’00” 4
4 345°24’00” 165°24’00” (+1°46’00”)

3 165°24’00” 345°24’00”
4 252°21’20” 4 250°00’00” 1 20.81
1 252°21’20” 72°21’20” (+2°21’20”)

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 LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE FORMS

DMD DMD
LATITUDE DEPARTURE COORDINATES
STATION BEARING DISTANCE (LATITUDE) (DEPARTURE)
N S E W N@S E@W
1 0.283 1.420 6.247 100.432
2 155°48’00” 20.81 M -18.981 8.530

0.313 -1.573 18.698 7.110 -12.457 107.542

3 71°12’00” 23.06 M 7.431 21.830

0.248 -1.247 7.744 34.477 -4.707 127.799

4 343°39’00” 18.28 M 17.540 -5.146

0.283 -1.420 33.276 48.341 13.081 121.406

1 250°00’00” 20.81 -7.117 19.555

44.23 20.973 6.247 100.431

=82.96 =24.971 =26.098 =30.36 =-24.701

=24.971 =26.098 =30.36 -24.701
=-1.127 =5.659

DEPARTUR CORRECTI
LATITUD AND AFTER
E NG
1
2 155°48’00” 20.81 -18.698 7.110

3 71°12’00” 23.06 7.744 20.257

4 343°39’00” 18.28 17.788 -6.393

1 250°00’00” 20.81 -6.834 -20.976

=25.532 =25.532 =27.367 =27.368

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PLOTTING

12
SKETCH SURVEY LOCATION

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 ANALYSIS

STATION :
AVG : P. KIRI + ( P.KANAN +@- 180 )
=156°23’00”( 336°23’20”- 180 )/ 2
= 156°23’00”

STATION 2 :
AVG : 72°22’40 ”

STATION 3 :
AVG : 345°24’20”

STATION 4 :
AVG : 252°21’20”

SELISIH = LAST AVG -1 FACERIGHT

252°21’20”- 250°00’00”

STATION 1= 2°21’20”/4
STATION 2 =1°10’40”
STATION 3 = 1°46’00”
STATION 4 = 2°21’20”

FINAL BEARING = AVG – SELISIH

STATION 1= 155°48’00”
STATION 2 =71°12’00”
STATION 3 = 343°39’00”
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 STATION 4 = 250°00’00”

-18.698 7.110 18.698 7.110

7.744 20.257 7.744 34.477
17.788 -6.393 33.276 48.341
-6.834 -20.975 44.23 20.973

CONTOH :
C) B + 2+3
= 7.744 + 7.744 + 17.788
= 33.27

D) C+3–4
= 33.276 + 17.788 – 6.834
= 20.973

A ) D – 4-1
= 44.23 – 6.834 – 18.698
= 18.698

B) A -1 +2
=18.698 – 18.698 + 7.744
=7.744

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 DISCUSSION

FROM FIELD WORK,WE LEARNT TO CONDUCT A TRANSVERSE

SURVEY BY USING A TOTAL STATION AND SEVERAL FORMULA
THAT WE LEARNT FROM THE SITE SURVEYING SUBJECT.WE
APPLIED THE TECHNIQUE AND KNOWLEDGE TAUGHT BY
MR.SAMSUL. BEFORE EXECUTING THE PROCESS,WE NEED TO
DECIDED WHERE SHOULD POINT,1,2,3,AND 4 LAID OUT ON THE
SITE RESPECTIVELY.THUS, WE LEARNT FROM OTHER GROUPS
AND DISCUSSED AMONG EACH OTHER AS WE FAILED FOR THE
FIRST ATTEMPT.THIS IS A CLOSED LOOP TRAVERSE.THE
ANGLES OF THE TOTAL STATION MUST BE READ FROM LEFT
TO RIGHT IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A MORE ACCURATE READING .

16
 CONCLUSION

IN CONCLUSION , THE END OF CHAPTER WE BE ABLE TO DESCRIBE THE

VARIOUS COMPONENT OF THE THEEODOLITE . AFTER DONE THE
PRACTICAL , WE UNDERSTAND HOW TO UNDERSTAND AND DESCRIBE
CLOSED TRAVERSE SURVEY . EXAMPLE OF TOOL STATION , TRIPOD,
PRISM , PRISMATIC .BESIDE THE , WE KNOW HOW DETERMINE THE
FINAL BEARING BY USING SUITABLE METHOD . THEN , WE HAVE A
KNOWLEDGE OF ALL THE EQUIPMENT REQUIRED TO CARRY OUTT . AND
THEN , WE KNOW THE ADVANTAGES OF BEARING AND THEIR USE IN
VARIOUS SURVEY WORD .

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LAMPIRAN

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 REFERENCES

1. LECTURER
2. HTTP://OCW.UTM.MY/FILE.PHP/249/5._UKUR_TERABAS.PD
F
3. HTTPS://AZLANPPD.TRIPOD.COM/T7C1005.PDF
4. HTTPS://CIVILTODAY.COM/SURVEYING/251-TRAVERSE-
SURVEYING
5. HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=MBFAYL-_AX4
6. HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/FARAHSHAM/SITE-
SURVEYING-TRANSVERSING

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