JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

DCC20063 ENGINEERING SURVEY

ASSESSMENT : INDIVIDUAL REPORT 2 (TRAVERSE/DFT)
PROGRAME : DKA1_S2

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 Table Of Content
CONTENT PAGE

COVER PAGE 1
DECLARATION OF PLAGIARISM 2
TABLE OF CONTENT 3
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO TRAVERSE
1.1NDEFINITION OF TRAVERSE
1.2 PURPOSE OF TRAVERSE
1.3 OBJECTIVE 4-6
1.4 DURATION
1.5 TYPE OF TRAVERSE
1.6 OUTLINE OF APPARATUS
2.0 FIELD WORK PROCEDURE
2.1 PROCEDURE DFT 6-7
2.2 PROCEDURE TRAVERSE

3.0 DATA COMPUTATIONS

3.1 BOOKING
3.2 CORRECTION 7-10
3.3 ADJUSTMENT
3.4 PLOT
4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 11
5.0 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 11
6.0 APPENDIX 12

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1.0 INTRODUCTION TO TRAVERSE
1.1 DEFINITION OF TRAVERSE
Traverse is a series of point (stations), each one intervisible with its adjacent
points. The lines joining these stations are the traverse lines, consists of the
measurement of angles (bearings) and length (distance) of each line.

1.2 PURPOSE OF TRAVERSE

Traverse is a method in the field of surveying to establish control networks.
Traverse networks involved placing survey stations along a line or path of travel,
and then using the previously surveyed points as a base for observing the next
point.

1.3 OBJECTIVES
Traversing is a method of control survey to establish control points. A traverse
must start with a control station which is known station (known coordinate). It is
a method of transferring coordinates.

1.4 DURATIONS
• 3 hours
• Date : 7th OCTOBER 2020 • Time : 8:00 am until
11:00 am.

1.5 TYPE OF TRAVERSE

i. OPEN TRAVERSE

• Begin with known point and ended with unknown point

• Can not checked and adjusted
• Useful when the survey is a long narrow strip
ii. CLOSE TRAVERSE

• Begins and ends on the same point or begin with known point and
ending to another known point.
• Can checked and adjusted

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 • Traverse which complete cycles is made

1.3 OUTLINE OF APPARATUS

Survey equipment used :

• Total station
• Tripod station (3)
• Prism (2)
• Pickets (3)
Total station

A total station or total station theodolitemis an electronic/optical

instrument used for surveying and building construction. It is an
electronic transit theodolite integrated with electronic distance
measurement (EDM) to measure both vertical and horizontal
angles and the slope distance from the instrument to a particular
point, and an on-board computer to collect data and perform
triangulation calculations.

Tripod

A tripod stand is a three-legged stand, important in providing the

foundation for laser levels and other levelling instruments such as
automatic levels. The leg of the tripod can be adjusted to get the
vertical height that required. The primary function of the tripod is
to ensure a stable instrument setup for reliable measurement.

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Prism

In surveying, a retroreflector- usually referred to as a prism- is

normally attached on a surveying pole and is used as a target for
distance measurement using for example a total station. The
instrument operator or robot aims a laser beam at the
retroreflector.

Pickets

A pointed stake often driven into the ground to support a fence,

secure a tent, tether animals, mark points in surveying, or when
pointed at the top, serve as a defense.

2.0 FIELD WORK PROCEDURE 2.1 PROCEDURE

DFT
1. Setting up a picket on A and B in not less than 50m.
A B

(picket ) 50M (picket)

2. Built up the EDM/Total station on A and prism on B.

3. Take a measure of AB

4. Setting up a picket on C or more less than a half of AB line. C

picketA 24m picket 25m picketB

5. Turn up the EDM device to C then built up the prism on A and B.

6. Find out the distance of CA and CB.

7. AB distance must be compared first with total of CA+CB.

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 STN 1 STN 3 STN 2

STN 1 STN 2 STN 3

STEP 1
2.2 PROCEDURE FOR TRAVERSE
1.Recce the site survey before start any survey work.

2. Identify the suitable location to set the total station.

3. Set up at least 5 stations with distance more than 30 metres.

4. Use prismatic compass to get the datum value.

5. Observe must follow clockwise.

6. Set up the total station at station 2, and prism at station 1 and station 3.

7. Measure the bearing and the distance for each line for face left and face right.

8. Repeat step 6 and 7 for next station until close all the traverse.

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3.0 DATA COMPUTATIONS
3.1 BOOKING Bowditch
method
Bearing / sudut Garisan Sudut
Dari Ke Jarak
Stesen Penyilang Penyilang Bearing pugak Jarak
stesen stesen muktamad
Purata (+)
kiri kanan muktamad
Datum dari
1 257 09 40 2 44.322
PA

150 55 48
1 257 09 40 77 09 40 2 150 55 50 3 H 36.396 36.396

C -
2 (36.396)
01”
3 150 55 50 330 55 46
150 55 47

243 33 03
2 330 55 48 150 55 48 3 243 33 00 4 H 37.003 37.003

C -
3 (37.002)
03”
4 243 33 00 63 33 06
243 33 00

291 10 18
3 66 33 03 243 33 03 4 291 10 10 5 H 32.426 32.426

C -
4 (32.426)
04”
5 291 10 20 111 10 15
291 10 14

4 111 10 18 291 10 18 05 16 42 5 05 15 40 1 H 26.841 26.842

C -
5 (26.842)
06”
1 05 16 40 185 16 43
05 16 36
5 185 16 42 05 16 42 77 09 47 1 77 0940 2 H 44.322 44.322
C -
1 (44.322)
07”
2 77 09 48 257 09 46
77 09 40
Garisan 1-2 dibaca 77 09 47
Sepatutnya dibaca 77 09 40
Tikaian + 07”

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 Stesen
Pembetulan 1.4” di 1,2,3,4 & 5

The equation table that shown above is the raw data for our traverse. Based on the equation table
above, we can clearly see that the last distance for our traverse is 44.322m. The corrections for all
stations are recorded too.

The last distance of traverse is 44.322m

3.2 CORRECTION

Bowditch method
Bearing / sudut Garisan Sudut
Dari Ke pugak Jarak
Stesen Penyilang Penyilang Bearing stesen Jarak
Purata stesen (+) muktamad
kiri kanan muktamad
Datum dari
1 257 09 40 2 44.322
PA

150 55 48
1 257 09 40 77 09 40 2 150 55 50 3 H 36.396 36.396

C -
2 (36.396)
01”
3 150 55 50 330 55 46
150 55 47

243 33 03
2 330 55 48 150 55 48 3 243 33 00 4 H 37.003 37.003

C -
3 (37.002)
03”
4 243 33 00 63 33 06
243 33 00

291 10 18
3 66 33 03 243 33 03 4 291 10 10 5 H 32.426 32.426

C -
4 (32.426)
04”
5 291 10 20 111 10 15
291 10 14

4 111 10 18 291 10 18 05 16 42 5 05 15 40 1 H 26.841 26.842

C -
5 (26.842)
06”
1 05 16 40 185 16 43

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 05 16 36
5 185 16 42 05 16 42 77 09 47 1 77 0940 2 H 44.322 44.322
C -
1 (44.322)
07”
2 77 09 48 257 09 46
77 09 40
Garisan 1-2 dibaca 77 09 47
Sepatutnya dibaca 77 09 40
Tikaian + 07”
Stesen
Pembetulan 1.4” di 1,2,3,4 & 5

**1 class of survey:

a. Bearing misclosed is less than 1’15 and we got 07’’

b. Linear misclosed must higher than 1:8000 and we got 29 000
(The bearing and linear misclosed is acceptable) Therefore, line 1-2 read as 77 09 47 and it
should be read as 77 09 40 and ‘tikaian ‘ is +07”. So, the correction in station 1,2,3,4 and 5
is 1,4”.

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3.3 ADJUSTMENT
Station Bearing Distance Latitude Departure Adj Adj Coordinate
from to Latitude Departure
Easting Northing
1 2000 1000

- 2 77 09 40 44.322 9.849 43.214 +0.002 +0.001 2043.215 1009.851

9.851 43.215
- 3 150 55 36.396 -31.811 17.684 +0.001 +0.000 2060.899 978.041
50 -31.810 17.684
- 4 243 33 37.003 -16.482 -33.130 +0.001 +0.000 2027.769 961.560
00 -16.481 -33.130
- 5 291 10 32.426 11.710 -30.238 +0.001 +0.000 1997.531 973.271
10 11.711 -30.238
1 15 16 40 26.842 26.728 2.469 +0.001 +0.000 2000 1000
26.729 2.469

TOTAL: 176.989 -0.006 -0.001

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4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS.
From this fieldwork, we have learnt how to conduct a traverse survey by using a total
station and several formulas that we learnt during theory traversing class. Throughout this
survey, we can be able to applied the technique and knowledge through by our lecturer,
Sir Tiong Hua Sang.
From this survey, we know that point A, B and C are laid out on the site respectively.
The total station will be placed on point A which is our starting point and started to
conduct our survey. What we found out that was really hard for us is we couldn’t get the
spirit bubble into the center. But, after Sir Tiong Hua Sang had taught us. Finally we can
measure ourselves very fast and accurately.
Lastly, we found that all the data include the latitude and departure and recorded into the
table that provided by our lecturer. We solve all the calculation using the formulas that we
have learnt. After compile everything, the report is finally done and can be hand in.

5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS.

In conclusion, we had a great experience in hands on during our fieldwork in DFT and
traverse. We can be able to establish control points and transferring coordinates
through the usage of traverse equipment during this DFT & traverse fieldwork.
Through this traverse fieldwork process, we are able to do the calculation by using
Bowditch method. After the table and data collected is recorded, we found that we have
a +07” misclose. Other than that, we also know whether the apparatus is in a good
condition or not.
Therefore, I would like to thanks our lecturer Sir Tiong Hua Sang for giving us an
opportunity to learn and hands on DFT and traverse and being a very good lecturer by
giving us the instructions on how to set up all the stations. Next, I want to say thank you
to all of my team members (group 5) and DGU students that help me a lot during the
DFT and traverse fieldwork process. We hope that next time we can have a chance to
conduct a survey again.
Here I would like to give some suggestion about the tripod. I really hope that the tripod
can be replaced with new tripod. It is because some of the tripod are not stable and
some of them also have problems to lock the tripod legs. It also will affect our result on
the data that we observed. I also hope that our school can add more total station in our
school compound.

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6.0 APPENDIX
SOME RANDOMS PICTURES FROM THE DAY WE ARE DOING OUR DFT AND
TRAVERSE FIELDWORK WITH THE DGU’S STUDENTS AND MY CLASSMATES.

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