Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Grade 8 Learning Module (Week 2)
Grade 8 Learning Module (Week 2)
Law of Interaction
The law of interaction states that when an object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts on
the first a force of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction or simply for every force (action) there is an
equal and opposite force (reaction).
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
The statement means that in every interaction, there is a pair of forces acting
on the two interacting objects. The size of the forces on the first object equals the
size of the force on the second object. The direction of the force on the first object
is opposite to the direction of the force on the second object. Forces always come in
pairs - equal and opposite action-reaction force pairs.
A variety of action-reaction force pairs are evident in nature. Consider the propulsion of
a fish through the water. A fish uses its fins to push water backward. But a push on the
water will only serve to accelerate the water. Since forces result from mutual
interactions, the water must also be pushing the fish forwards, propelling the fish
through the water. The size of the force on the water equals the size of the force on the
fish; the direction of the force on the water (backward) is opposite the direction of the
force on the fish (forwards). For every action, there is an equal (in size) and opposite (in
direction) reaction force. Action-reaction force pairs make it possible for fish to swim.
Consider the flying motion of birds. A bird flies by use of its wings. The wings of a
bird push air downwards. Since forces result from mutual interactions, the air must also be
pushing the bird upwards. The size of the force on the air equals the size of the force on the
bird; the direction of the force on the air (downwards) is opposite the direction of the force
on the bird (upwards). For every action, there is an equal (in size) and opposite (in
direction) reaction. Action-reaction force pairs make it possible for birds to fly.
ENERGY
There are two types of energy the kinetic and potential energy.
2.Potential Energy is associated with forces that depend on the position or configuration of a body and its
surrounding. We can think of potential energy as stored energy.
There are two types of potential energy;
1. Gravitational Potential Energy (PEg) - is the energy an object possesses at a height (h), above some zero-
reference level.
In calculating gravitational potential energy, it is the height lifted against gravity that matters, not the actual
distance moved. The amount of gravitational potential energy an object has a relative quantity. Its value
depends on how we define the height, that is what height we take as the zero value.
Sample Problem:
1. What is the potential energy of a 0.2 kg ball lifted to a height 0f 5.0 m above the ground?
Identify the given in the problem, what is find and what is the formula that will be used.
A. Given: m = 0.2 kg, h = 5.0 m and g = 9.8 m/s2 (9.8 m/s2 is always constant)
B: Find: PE (potential energy)
C. Formula: PE = mgh
Then substitute all the given to the formula.
D: Solution: PE = (0.2 kg) (9.8 m/s2) (0.5m) multiply all the given.
PE = 9.8 kg.m2/s2 or 9.8 J
E. Final Answer: The potential energy (PE) of the ball is 9.8 J.
Sample Problem
2. If a 0.2 kg ball is thrown with a velocity of 6 m/s, what is it's (KE)?
Identify the given in the problem, what is find and what is the formula that will be used.
A. Given: m = 0.2 kg, v = 6 m/s
B: Find: KE (kinetic energy)
C. Formula: KE = 12mv2 or KE = (0.5) (m) (v)2
Then substitute all the given to the formula.
D. Solution:
KE = 12 (0.2 kg) (6m/s)2
KE = 12 (0.2 kg) (36 m2/s2)) KE = 12 (7.2 kg· m2/s2)
KE = 7.2 kg· m2/s2÷ 2 KE = 3.6 kg· m2/s2 or 3.6 J
You can use the short method in computing the kinetic energy.
KE = (0.5) (0.2 kg) ((6m/s)2 KE = (0.5) (0.2 kg) (36m2/s2)
KE = (0.5) (7.2 kg ·m2/s2) KE = 3.6 kg ·m2/s2 or 3.6 J
E. Final Answer: The kinetic energy (KE) of the ball is 3.6 J.
- The End-
NAME: ________________________________ YEAR & SECTION: ________________
Quiz 2:
A. Solve the following: (2 points each)
__________1. A flower pot with a mass of 15 kg is sitting on a window sill 15 meters above the ground. How
much potential energy does the flower pot contain?
__________2. If the flower pot is lowered to a window sill that is 10 meters from the ground. What is the
potential energy now?
__________3. A 1200 kg automobile is traveling at a velocity of 100 m/s northwest. What is the kinetic energy
of the automobile?
__________4. A bicycle with a mass of 14 kg traveling at a velocity of 3.0 m/s east has how much kinetic
energy?
__________5. What is the mass of the ball on top of the shelve if it has a PE of 345 J in a height of 12.5 m?
__________6. A car with a mass of 700 kg is moving with a speed of 20m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the
car.
__________7. A85 kg object at 20 m above the ground, free fall to the ground. What is the gravitational
potential energy of the object?
Output/Activity 2:
Balloon Racket
Materials:
balloon
drinking straw
string
tape
Procedures:
Inflate the balloon and tape a piece of drinking straw.
Insert the string into the drinking straw and position the balloon in the middle of the string.
Tie the ends of the string at the back of two chairs.
Release the air from the balloon, and observe carefully what happens.
Questions:
1. What happens as you release the air from the balloon?
2. Compare the directions of the escaping air and the moving balloon.
3. How do action-reaction forces act on two different bodies to produce motion?
Make a video recording of yourself while doing the activity and include in your video the answers to the
questions.
Output/Activity 3:
Answer the following problems with complete information (given, find, formula) and solutions.
English 8
Module 2: “Context Clues”
Subject Teacher: Ms. Ana Rona V. Supapo
Lesson Description:
In this lesson, you will learn a strategy on how to easily distinguish the
meaning of an unfamiliar word in a literary text.
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:
Determine the meaning of words and expressions that reflect
the local culture by noting context clues.
Context Clues
Purpose and meaning are vital in forming and finding the value of a thing. When you know your purpose in life,
you will be certain on the things that you do. You will start to learn how to prioritize things that are essential in
your being and achieving your goals.
Finding the purpose of your life is as important as finding the meaning of a difficult word in a literary text. You
will not fully understand the theme that the writer wants to convey if you will not unlock the words or terms
that are not familiar to you.
Word Cloud
Aside from the literary text, you have also learned how to make a word cloud last week. For your recapitulation
activity, kindly summarize your understanding of the literary text by simply making a word cloud.
You are somehow puzzled because it is a new word for you. You want to tell
the waiter that you will also add it into your order but you are hesitant
because you don't know how it looks like and if it will worth your order.
Using context means to figure out what words mean by how they are used in
the sentence or paragraph where they appear.
Context clues are hints found within a sentence, paragraph, or passage that a
reader can use to understand the meanings of new or unfamiliar words.
Learning the meaning of a word through its use in a sentence or paragraph is
the most practical way to build vocabulary, since a dictionary is not always available when a reader encounters
an unknown word.
There are several different context clues you can use to help you figure out unfamiliar words.
Using context means to figure out what words mean by how they are used in the sentence or paragraph where
they appear.
Context clues are hints found within a sentence, paragraph, or passage that a reader can use to understand the
meanings of new or unfamiliar words. Learning the meaning of a word through its use in a sentence or
paragraph is the most practical way to build vocabulary, since a dictionary is not always available when a reader
encounters an unknown word.
There are several different types of context clues. Some of them are:
Examples:
a. Flooded with spotlights – the focus of all attention – the new Miss
America began her year-long reign. She was the cynosure of all eyes for
the rest of the evening.
“Cynosure” means “the focus of all attention.”
b. The mountain pass was a tortuous road, winding and twisting like a snake around the trees of the
mountainside.
“Tortuous” means “winding and twisting.”
Examples:
a. When the light brightens, the pupils of the eyes contract; however,
when it grows darker, they dilate.
“Dilate” means the opposite of “contract.”
b. The children were as different as day and night. He was a lively conversationalist, but she was reserved and
taciturn.
“Taciturn” means the opposite of a “lively conversationalist.”
Example:
a. She wanted to impress all her dinner guests with the food she
served, so she carefully studied the necessary culinary arts.
“Culinary” means “food preparation.”
Reference: mdc.edu/kendall/collegeprep
Context Clues is a lesson that has fun games with it. I have
here as gaming platform wherein you can practice your
knowledge in context clues.
Kindly go to this site:
https://www.roomrecess.com/mobile/ContextClues/play.html
As you can notice, there are floating words in a box. Just scroll your
mouse/touch pad downwards:
I have here an excerpt from a novel published in 1873 by a french writer. The story is about the main actor
named, Phineas Fogg who takes a bet that he can travel around the world in eighty days. This was almost
impossible in those days with limited railroads and no air travel at all (seems like in quarantine; like us) The
passage below is when Fogg tells his servant Passepartout to prepare for the trip. Read the passage and pay
special attention to the underlined words.
“...We start for Dover and Calais in ten minutes.” A puzzled grin overspread
Passepartout’s round face; clearly he had not comprehended his master.
“Yes,” returned Phileas Fogg. “We are going round the world.”
Passepartout opened wide his eyes, raised his eyebrows, held up his hands, and seemed about to collapse, so
overcome was he with stupefied astonishment.
“In eighty days,” responded Mr. Fogg. “So we haven’t a moment to lose.”
“But the trunks?” gasped Passepartout, unconsciously swaying his head from right to left.
“We’ll have no trunks; only a carpet-bag, with two shirts and three pairs of stockings for me, and the same for
you. We’ll buy our clothes on the way. Bring down my mackintosh and traveling cloak, and some stout shoes,
though we shall do little walking. Make haste!”
Passepartout mechanically set about making the preparations for
departure. Around the world in eighty days! Was his master a fool?
No. Was this a joke, then? They were going to Dover; good! To
Calais; good again! After all, Passepartout, who had been away from
France five years, would not be sorry to set foot on his native soil
again.
Perhaps they would go as far as Paris, and it would do his eyes good
to see Paris once more. But surely a gentleman so chary of his steps
would stop there; no doubt —but, then, it was none the less true that he was going away, this so domestic
person hitherto!
Met requirements (30%) At least ten accurate words 7-8 words are displayed in the 6-4 words accurate words are
are displayed in the cloud. cloud. displayed in the cloud.
Attractiveness (20%) The project is exceptionally The project is attractive in The project is acceptably
attractive in terms of design, terms of design, layout, and attractive though it may be a
layout, and neatness. neatness. bit messy.
RUBRICS:
As discussed in the previous lessons, a reader may guess or clarify the meaning of a difficult word or
expression by considering other parts of the sentence or passage in which word or expression is used.
When reading folktales, one may come across words native to the cultures from which the folktales originated.
Read the following passage from "The Ape, the Snake, and The Lion" and note the word in italics:
Then, Neea'nee went away off to some gardens and stole a whole lot of ripe paw-paws and bananas, and
brought them to 'Mvoo Laa'na, and said: "Here's plenty of food for you"
By taking note of the words bananas stolen from some gardens, a readers could guess that paw-paws are native
African Fruits.
Instruction: Highlight the context clues and guess the meaning of each word in bold and italics from each of
the following passages from The Ape, the Snake, and The Lion which we discussed last week and some are from
other African Folktales.
1. "Is there anything else you want? Would you like a drink?" And before the youth could answer, he ran off
with . the calabash and brought it back full of water. So the youth ate heartily and drank all the water he needed.
Answer:
2. When they opened the little bag, the man who was released from the trap persuaded the people that some evil
would come out of it and affect the children of the sultan and the children of vizir.
Answer:
3. The next day, his wife called all her company together and gave them a big dinner which cost a lot of money;
much food was consumed and large quantities of tombo were drunk. (read the passage from "The Story of the
Drummer and the Alligators")
Answer:
4. In this river there was a powerful Ju Ju, whose law was that whenever any one crossed the river and returned
the same way on the return journey, whoever it was, had to give some food to the Ju Ju. If they did not make the
proper sacrifice, the Ju Ju dragged them down and took them to his home and kept them there to work for him.
Answer:
5. One day, as he roamed the forest, he saw a beautiful pot and said, "Pot, you are beautiful."
The pot replied, "I am called Let-it-be-full-and-eat."
Ananse shouted, "Let-it-be-full-and-eat."
To his astonishment, the pot immediately became full with groundnut soup, meat, and fufu. Ananse ate heartily
because he had not eaten any good food in a long time.
Answer:
Weekly Assessment
Context clues are hints in the writing that help you figure out what a word means. Each example below has
hints within the passage or sentence to help you figure out the meaning of the word. Read each question
CAREFULLY and choose the correct answer.
1. No matter where you go, the Internet is following you. Almost every portable device is being made with an
Internet connection. Most new TVs and many other appliances come with Internet connections as well. The
Internet is truly ubiquitous.
If something is ubiquitous, __________.
a. it is fuzzy and will bite you
b. it is everywhere
c. it costs too much money
d. it causes rashes
2. Speaking rudely to the judges was rash behavior. You really hurt your chances of winning!
In the above context, what does “rash” mean?
a. an itchy skin condition
b. funny
c. trying to hide or disguise a piece of cheese
d. with little thought or consideration
3. Some people are always bashing the president just like others bashed the one before him. Wouldn't you think
that everyone could find something to praise him for, at least once in a while?
What does “bashing” mean in the above selection?
a. hitting hard with a heavy too
b. going to too many expensive parties
c. speaking or writing harshly about
d. voting for a different candidate
4. Wherever he goes, the esteemed Dr. Sanchez is applauded for his life saving research. What does “esteemed”
mean?
a. held over boiling water
b. very old
c. unable to chew gum
d. greatly admired
5. Most of America's Founding Fathers did not believe in women's suffrage. Only men could vote in the United
states until 1920.
What is “suffrage” ?
a. something that causes physical pain
b. an early flag
c. skirts that did not cover ankles
d. the right to vote
6. Turner almost wished that he hadn’t listened to the radio. He went to the closet and grabbed his umbrella. He
would feel silly carrying it to the bus stop on such a sunny morning.
Which probably happened?
a. Turner realized that he had an unnatural fear of falling radio parts.
b. Turner had promised himself to do something silly that morning.
c. Turner had heard a weather forecast that predicted rain.
d. Turner planned to trade his umbrella for a bus ride.
7. Bill and Jessica were almost done taking turns choosing the players for their teams. It was Jessica’s turn to
choose, and only Kurt was left. Jessica said, “Kurt.”
We can infer that ________
a. Kurt is not a very good player.
b. Jessica was pleased to have Kurt on her team.
c. Kurt was the best player on either team.
d. Jessica was inconsiderate of Kurt’s feelings.
8. “Larry, as your boss, I must say it’s been very interesting working with you,” Miss Valdez said. “However, it
seems that our company’s needs and your performance style are not well matched. Therefore, it makes me very
sad to have to ask you to resign your position effective today.”
What was Miss Valdez telling Larry?
a. He was being fired.
b. He was getting a raise in pay
c. She would feel really bad if he decided to quit.
d. She really enjoyed having him in the office.
9. I just can’t beat Paula when we play chess! Every time I make a move that should lead me to victory, she
makes a better move that thwarts my plan.
If you thwart a robbery, you __________.
a. commit a crime
b. stop a crime from happening
c. imagine a theft
d. give warts to a thief
10. The owner of the restaurant wouldn’t allow Samantha to walk through the door. “I’m sorry,” she said, “but
you started a food fight the last time you were here. You may not have ingress to my restaurant!”
What does “ingress” mean in this selection?
a. a kind of bird that lives by the sea
b. any food that can be thrown
c. a good price for a meal
d. the right to enter
Filipino 8
Module 2: ALAMAT
Subject Teacher: Mikko L. Domingo
Lesson Description: Ang araling ito ay ukol sa alamat. Ang mga kuwentong ito ang kadalasang
nakapagbibigay sa atin ng pakiramdam na tayo ay kabilang sa isang mahabang henerasyon ng ating pamilya.
Ipinakikita ng mga kuwentong alamat ang pinagmulan ng maraming bagay na nagbibigay kaalaman tungkol sa
kultura at mga pagpapahalaga ng mga tao at tradisyon. Mahahasa ang iyong kasanayang pangwika sa paggamit
ng mga pang-abay na pamanahon at panlunan, sa pagsulat mo ng alamat.
Course Objective:
Pakikinig
Pag-unawa sa Binasa
Ang alamat ay isang uri ng panitikan na nagkukuwento tungkol sa mga pinagmulan ng mga bagay-
bagay sa daigdig. Mga kwento ng mga mahiwagang pangyayari na nagpasalin-salin sa bibig ng mga tao
kaya’t walang nagmamay-ari o masasabing may akda nito.
Ang alamat ay kuwento na kathang isip lamang na kinasasangkutan ng kababalaghan o ‘di
pagkaraniwang pangyayari na naganap nuong unang panahon.
Ang alamat ay karaniwang tumatalakay sa mga katutubong kultura, kaugalian o kapaligiran. Eto ay
tumatalakay din sa mga katangiang maganda, tulad ng pagiging matapat, matapang, matulungin, at sa
mga katangiang hindi maganda tulad ng pagiging mapaghiganti, masakim, o mapanumpa, Nguni’t sa
banding huli ang kuwento ay kinapupulutan ng aral para sa ikabubuti ng iba.
Ang mga alamat ay nagkakaroon ng iba’t-ibang bersiyon ayon na rin sa hangarin ng
sumulat o nagpalaganap ng ibang bersiyon ng alamat.
o Ito ang mga nagsiganap sa kwento at kung ano ang papel na ginagampanan ng bawat isa.
1. Tagpuan
o Inilalarawan dito ang lugar na pinangyarihan ng mga aksyon at insidente, gayundin ang panahon
kung kailan ito nangyari.
1. Saglit na kasiglahan
1. Kasukdulan
1. Kakalasan
1. Katapusan
1. Simula
o Sa simula inilalarawan ang mga tauhan sa kwento. Sinu-sino ang mga gumaganap sa kwento at
ano ang papel na kanilang ginagampanan. Maging ang tagpuan o lugar at panahon ng
pinangyayarihan ng insidente ay inilalarawan din sa simula.
2. Gitna
o Kabilang sa gitna ang saglit na kasiglahan, tunggalian at kasukdulan ng kwento. Ang saglit na
kasiglahan ay naglalahad ng panandaliang pagtatagpo ng mga tauhan. Ang tunggalian ay
nagsasaad ng pakikipagtunggali o pakikipagsapalaran ng tauhan. Samantalang ang kasukdulan
ay ang bahaging nagsasabi kung nagtagumpay o hindi ang tauhan.
3. Wakas
o Kabilang naman sa wakas ang kakalasan at katapusan ng kwento.
Kapag sa isang pook na tinitigilan nila ay wala na silang makuhang isda, gulay, bungangkahoy at mga hayop
ay lumilipat sila sa ibang pook.
Maligaya sila sa ganoong pamumuhay. Samantalang ang mga lalaki ay nangangahoy o kaya’y namamana ng
ibon. Ano man ang pagkaing makuha ay pinaghahatian ng lahat.
Isang pulutong ng mga mangangaso ang nakarating sa kabundukan ng Cordillera dahil sa paghabol sa isang
baboy-ramo. Dahil sa matinding pagod sila ay nagpahinga sa lilim ng isang malaking puno. Mataas na noon
ang araw. Nakaramdam na sila ng kaunting pagkagutom.
Isang lalaki at babae ang may anyong di pangkaraniwan ang natanawan nilang papalapit sa kanila.
Kinabahan ang mga mangangaso. Iyon ay ang mga Bathalang naninirahan sa bundok na yaon at dali-dali
silang nagtindig at nagbigay galang sa bagong dating. Natuwa ang mga Bathala sa kanilang pagiging
mapitagan.
Kinamusta sila at tuloy inanyayahan sa piging ng mga Bathala. Hindi tumanggi ang mga mangangaso at
sumunod sila sa mga Bathala. Naghanda ng pagkain ang mga alagad ng Bathala at sila ay nagsitulong. Isang
Bathala ang lumapit sa kanila. Kumuha ito ng kaputol na kawayan at tinuhog ang piraso ng mga katay na
hayop. Inilagay ito sa ibabaw ng baga.
May mga bigas sa kawa sa apoy ng utusan ng mga Bathala. Ang laman ng kawa ay mapuputing butil at
pinagtumpok-tumpok sa mga dahon ng saging sa hapag kainan. Sa bawat tumpok ay naglagay ng inihaw na
laman ng hayop, mga gulay at bungangkahoy. Naglagay rin sila ng giyas ng kawayang may lamang malinaw
na tubig. Iyon ay alak ng Bathala.
Nag-atubili ang mga mangangaso at sinabing hindi sila kumakain ng uod. Natawa ang mga BathalaIyang
mapuputing butil na inyong nakikita ay hindi uod kundi kanin o nilutong bigas. Bunga iyon ng halamang-
damong inalagaan dito.
Tinikman nila ang kanin at sila ay nasiyahan at ang nanghihina nilang katawan ay biglang lumakas.
Pagkatapos ng piging sila ay nagpasalamat at nagpaalam na. Nang sila ay papaalis na ay binigyan sila ng tig-
iisang sakong palay.
Itinuro ng Bathala ang paraan na dapat gawin para ito ay maging bigas at tuloy maisaing. Itinuro din ang
pagtatanim. Sumunod ang mga tao.
Kaya mula noon, ang bigas ay nakilala na ng ating mga ninuno; natuto silang magbungkal ng lupa, mag-alaga
ng hayop at magtayo ng mga tahanang palagian.
-The End-
NAME: ________________________________ YEAR & SECTION: ________________
1. _____________Tauhan Ito ang mga nagsiganap sa kwento at kung ano ang papel na ginagampanan ng
bawat isa.
2.______________ Tagpuan
oInilalarawan dito ang lugar na pinangyarihan ng mga aksyon at insidente, gayundin ang panahon kung kailan
ito nangyari.
3.______________Saglit na kasiglahan
Ito ay naglalahad ng panandaliang pagtatagpo ng mga tauhang masasangkot sa suliranin
4.______________ Tunggalian
Ito naman ang bahaging nagsasaad sa pakikitunggali o pakikipagsapalaran ng pangunahing tauhan laban sa mga
suliraning kakaharapin na minsan ay sa sarili, sa kapwa, o sa kalikasan.
5.______________ Kasukdulan
Ito ang pinakamadulang bahagi kung saan maaaring makamtan ng pangunahing tauhan ang katuparan o
kasawian ng kanyang ipinaglalaban.
6.______________Kakalasan
Ito ang bahaging nagpapakita ng unti-unting pagbaba ng takbo ng kwento mula sa maigting na pangyayari sa
kasukdulan.
7.______________ Katapusan
Ito ang bahaging maglalahad ng magiging resolusyon ng kwento. Maaaring masaya o malungkot, pagkatalo o
pagkapanalo.
8.______________ Simula
Sa simula inilalarawan ang mga tauhan sa kwento. Sinu-sino ang mga gumaganap sa kwento at ano ang papel
na kanilang ginagampanan. Maging ang tagpuan o lugar at panahon ng pinangyayarihan ng insidente ay
inilalarawan din sa simula.
9.______________ Gitna
Kabilang sa gitna ang saglit na kasiglahan, tunggalian at kasukdulan ng kwento. Ang saglit na kasiglahan ay
naglalahad ng panandaliang pagtatagpo ng mga tauhan. Ang tunggalian ay nagsasaad ng pakikipagtunggali o
pakikipagsapalaran ng tauhan. Samantalang ang kasukdulan ay ang bahaging nagsasabi kung nagtagumpay o
hindi ang tauhan.
10.______________Wakas
Kabilang naman sa wakas ang kakalasan at katapusan ng kwento.
ACTIVITY/OUTPUT
Basahin sa libro ng Wow Filipino 8 ang isa sa Tampok na akda na may pamagat na"Ang Alamat ng Bigas" sa
pahina dalawamput pitong pahina matapos unawain ang paksa ay magkakaroon ng maikling pagsusulit sagutan
ang mga katanungan sa ibaba upang malaman kung naunawaan ng lubos ang akda.
MATHEMATICS 8
Module 2: FACTORING POLYNOMIALS
Subject Teacher: Maricon Dionisio
The greatest common factor (GCF) for a polynomial is the largest monomial that is a factor of (divides) each
term of the polynomial.
12x2= 2·2·3·x·x
15x3= 5·3·x·x·x
Example:
3x2 + 9x – 15
3x2 = 3·x·x
9x = 3·3·x
15 = 3·5
a x 2 + b x + c,
where x is a variable and a, b and c are non-zero constants. The constant a is called the leading coefficient, b is
called the linear coefficient, and c is called the additive constant.
Example 1. x2+10x+24
( )( )
(x )(x )
(x + 6)(x +4)
(x +6)(x +4)
6x *product of 6 and x
+ 4x * product of 4 and x
10x *if the sum of the two terms is the middle term of the given quadratic trinomial then the factors are
correct.
Answer: (x + 6)(x + 4)
Example 2.
x2 – 4x – 12
Step 1. ( )( )
Step 4. use the factors (6 and 2) because when we add 2 to -6 the answer will be -4
Answer: (x - 6)(x + 2)
Example 3.
x2 – 8x + 12
Step 1. ( )( )
Assessment
1. 7m + 14n
2. cd 3 −cd 2+ 8 d
3. 5 u2 v−10 u v 2
4. 4 a2 b3 c 2+12 a 2 b c 4
5. −k 2 l 4 −3 kl 3 +9 k l 4
6. 2 x2 +9 x−18
7. 4 x2 −4 x−3
8. x 2−13 x+ 30
9. x 2+ 13 x +36
10. 2 x2 +7 xy +3 y 2
MAPEH 8
Module 2: Gender & Human Sexuality
Subject Teacher: Ms. Myra Jane G. Baez
Lesson Description:
This learning unit will deepen the students’ understanding of sexuality. The lessons will provide a thorough
discussion of the concepts and concerns related to a person’s sexuality. The primary role of the teacher is to
make the students aware of and respect a person’s sexuality as they do their own. At the end of the unit, the
students are expected to have developed skills that will enable them to make responsible and informed decisions
towards healthy sexuality
Course Objective:
At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:
a. define sexuality;
b. discuss sexuality as an important component of one’s personality;
c. explain the different dimensions of sexuality
d. identify factors that affect your sexuality; and
e. explain how these factors affect your sexual attitudes and behavior.
As you continue to grow and develop, it is important that you know how to manage the crucial aspect of your
personality, your sexual health. This module will help you understand the concept of gender and human
sexuality. It will also enhance your decision-making skills to help you manage sexuality-related concerns.
Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) as link to gender and human sexuality issues is particularly
significant for one’s sexuality as significant factor to the optimum development of family health. Prevailing
norms and standards of society relative to gender and human sexuality have greatly influenced the important
growing implications for the HIV and AIDS challenge. As a final point, education for human sexuality will help
you make intelligent decisions concerning sexual behaviors and will help you grow into a mature man or a
mature woman.
KNOWING YOURSELF
Is a natural and healthy part of life is everything about being a male or female is the most important
aspect in masculine or feminine identification.
SEXUALITY - provides a sense of self- worth when sexual understanding is positive involves:
a.the name given at birth
b.the toys played with
c. the clothes worn d.the friends played with
e.the roles and responsibilities at home
What is the one thing that makes you special and unique?
As you continue to grow and develop, it is important that you know how to manage the crucial aspect of your
personality, your sexual health. The way you look like a man or a
woman, the way you think as a man or a woman, the way you
interact with others, the way you feel about yourself and others,
the way you value relationships.
Sexuality refers to your perceptions, feelings, and behaviors towards others. Sexuality towards others How you
see others How you think of others How you feel about others How you love others. The way you see yourself
is influenced by many people. It is important to maintain good relationships with others. They will support you
and give you confidence, provide companionship, and will keep you from being lonely.
Gender – is a social
concept of how men and
women should think, feel,
and act. It refers to
femininity or masculinity
of a person’s role and
behavior.
Sexuality –is an integral part of what we do and who we are; it is the way in which we experience and express
ourselves as sexual beings. It is the total expression of an individual’s self-concept.
The life skills that are mentioned below will give you the tools to deal with problems both big and small.
Gender and sexuality are two issues that affect your life as a teenager. These two concepts have some of the
greatest impacts on how you view yourself and deal with other people, especially with the opposite sex. Sexual
feelings are normal and healthy. As a teen, you will experience a heightened desire to explore your sexuality.
This is completely normal and healthy. Just keep in mind that sexuality encompasses our whole being.
Managing sexuality-related issues should be founded on values particularly self-respect and respect for others.
FAMILY
►communicates effectively with family
► able to express love to your family members
► perform your duties and responsibilities at home.
SELF
► appreciates own body
► takes responsibility for own behaviors
PEERS
► express love and intimacy in appropriate ways
► have the skills to evaluate readiness for a mature relationship
► interact with both genders in appropriate and respectful ways
► respect both gender in all aspects
LIFE SKILLS
Assessing your Health means evaluating your well-being periodically. This includes your sexuality.
Figure out what you can do to improve your health if it is not as good as it can be.
Making Good Decisions means making choices that are healthy and responsible. You must have the
courage to make difficult decisions and stick to them.
Communicating Effectively. Communication skills help you avoid misunderstanding by expressing your
feelings in a healthy way. This means if you listen to what people say, they will want to listen to you as
well.
Practicing Wellness can be accomplished through information about good sexuality.
Setting Goals or aiming for something that will give you a sense of accomplishment. Just be sure to be
realistic with your target goal.
Refusal Skill is a way to say no to something that you don‟t want to do. This skill requires practice. But
first, you must feel strongly about what things you want to avoid.
Evaluating Media Messages is being able to judge the worth of media messages. It is a big challenge
knowing that most media messages are very convincing
-END-
NAME: ________________________________ YEAR&SECTION:________________
Quiz 1
a) to sustainable development and is vital to the realization of human rights for all
b) it is a society in which women and men enjoy the same opportunities, rights and
obligations in all spheres of life
c) to enjoy equal access to education and the opportunity to develop personal ambitions
a) Relations between men and women, whether in the family, the workplace or the public
sphere, also reflect understandings of the talents, characteristics and behaviour
appropriate to women and to men.
b) The term gender refers to the economic, social and cultural attributes and opportunities
associated with being male or female
c) Men and women face different expectations about how they should dress, behave or work
3. When do you need to recharge do you prefer?
a) To be with people
b) To be by yourself
c) going to mall
a) Prefer to have as much detail and factual information as possible about it, in order to get a
good grasp of it
b) Prefer to just get the gist of it and see the broad picture first, and let the pieces fall into
place later
5. When you have to make a decision about something, which do you trust more?
a) Self-love
b) Self-knowledge
c) Self-confidence
d) Self-Respect
e) Self-expression
a) Self-love
b) Self-knowledge
c) Self-confidence
d) Self-Respect
e) Self-expression
8. Your awareness of the things that you can do well.
a) Self-love
b) Self-knowledge
c) Self-confidence
d) Self-Respect
e) Self-expression
9. Your understanding of your feelings and your character.
a) Self-love
b) Self-knowledge
c) Self-confidence
d) Self-Respect
e) Self-expression
10. Your way of showing your individuality in expressing yourself as a man or as a woman.
a) Self-love
b) Self-knowledge
c) Self-confidence
d) Self-Respect
e) Self-expression
Output:
The boxes below represent each dimension of sexuality. On each box, write a short description of your
sexuality.
Araling Panlipunan 8
Module 2: Panahong Prehistiko
Subject Teacher: Ms. Coleen E. Omolon
Lesson Description:
Sa araling ito ay mapagtatanto ng mga mag-aaral ang iba’t ibang pagbabagong pinagdaanan ng mga sinaunang
tao na nagbigay-daan sa pag-usbong at pag-unlad ng mga pamayanan sa daigdig.
Course Objectives:
Sa pagtatapos ng aralin, ang mga mag-aaral ay inaasahang:
a. Maipaliliwanag ang konsepto ng prehistory;
b. Masusuri ang kondisyong heograpiko sa panahon ng mga unang tao sa daigdig;
c. Mailalarawan ang pamumuhay sa Panahon ng Bato na binubuo ng mga panahong Paleolitiko, Mesolitiko, at
Neolitiko;
d. Masusuri ang mga pagbabagong pinagdaanan ng sinaunang tao sa aspektong bayolohikal at kultural; at
e. Mapahahalagahan ang ambag ng mga sinaunang tao sa pagpapaunlad ng sariling kakanyahan tungo sa
pagbubuo ng mga pamayanan.
PAG-AARAL NG PREHISTORY
Inilalarawan ang panahong prehistory bilang bahagi ng napakahalagang nakaraan ng sangkatauhan na nag-uugat
halos 2.5 milyong taon na ang nakalilipas .
Ang panahong prehistory ay inilalarawan bilang bahagi ng
napakahalagang nakaraan ng sangkatauhan na nag-uugat
halos 2.5 milyong taon na ang nakalilipas bago pa man
nilikha ang isang sistematikong paraan ng pagsusulat.
Datapwa’t ang ilan sa pinakamahalagang pagbabago sa
nakaraan ay naganap sa panahong prehistiko, mahirap
matukoy ang tiyak na petsa nito o bigyan ng pangalan ang
mga taong nabuhay sa nakaraan. Ang pag-aaral ng
prehistory ay pinagtutulungang buoin ng mga dalubhasa
mula sa iba’t ibang larangan. Maliban sa disiplina ng
archeology na siyang pangunahing tagapag-ambag ng
kaalaman ukol sa panahong ito, nariyan din ang mga sangay
ng biology, botany, geography, geology, at zoology.
Mahalaga ang mga natuklasang fossil o mga organism sa
nakaraan na naibaon sa bato o nag-iwan ng labi o bakas sapagkat nalalaman ng mga dalubhasa ang mga unang
anyo ng mga nilalang na may buhay sa panahong prehistiko.
Para sa mga dalubhasa, dalawang mahahalagang proseso ang dapat pagtuonan ng pansin sa panahong
prehistory. Una, nauukol ito sa ebolusyon o ang mga pagbabagong naganap sa aspektong bayolohikal ng tao.
Umabot ito sa pagkamit ng katalinuhang maghihiwalay sa kaniya sa mga hayop. Tinatawag din itong
sapentization. Ikalawa, nakapalaoob ditto ang pagkakaroon ng kasalukuyang uri ng tao na may kakayahang
gumawa at lumikha ng mga kasangkapan upang makapamuhay sa araw-araw. Nagawa na rin niyang gamitin
ang kapaligiran batay sa kaniyang pangangailangan. Nang lumaon, hindi na siya lubusang umasa sa mga bagay
na maaari lamang ibigay sa kaniya ng kalikasan.
Sa pagtatakda ng mga petsa sa prehistory, mahalaga ang paggamit ng makabagong teknolohiya at kagamitan.
Maraming kaalaman tungkol sa nakaraan ng tao ang makukuha mula sa prehistory lalo pa’t tinatayang halos 99
na bahagdan ng kabuoang pananatili at paninirahan sa daigdig ay naganap sa panahong prehistiko.
Ang ilan sa mga instrumentong ginagamit upang matukoy ang panahon ng isang bagay o mga pangyayari sa
malayong nakalipas ay ang sumusunod:
Sa pamamagitan ng mga nabanggit na paraan, nalalaman ng mga dalubhasa kung kalian ginamit ang mga
sandatang pandigma, nalikha ang isang palayok, umusbong ang isang pamayanan, at nabuhay ang sinaunang
tao.
Sa tradisyonal na pag-aaral, ginagamit ang tinatawag na three-age system upang hatiin sa tatlong magkakaibang
yugto ng prehistory ng tao. Pinasumulan ni Christian Jurgensen Thomsen (1788-1865) ang ganitong
pagpapanahon batay sa kasangkapang ginamit ng mga
unang tao: Stone Age, Bronze Age, at Iron Age.
Panahong Paleolitiko
Ang Panahong Paleolitiko (500,000-10,500 BK) ay ang panahon kung saan karamihan sa kasangkapan ng mga
tao ay gawa sa kahoy at madaling masira. Ito ang panahon kung saan ginagamit ang bato bilang kasangkapan ng
mga australopithecine. Dito ay laganap ang pangangaso at pangongolekta ng mga halaman sa gubat.
PALEOLITIKO
Nanggaling ang pangalang ito sa Paleos (matanda), at Lithos (bato). Samakatuwid, ang Paleolitiko ay ang
Lumang Bato (Old Stoneage). Ang Paleolitiko ay ang panahon kung saan ang pagbabagong-anyo ng tao ay
nakita. Isa sa mga pinakamahalagang pangyayari dito ay ang pagdiskubre ng apoy. Ang mga tao sa Paleolitiko
ay mga nomadiko, o walang permanenteng tirahan. Hinahati ang panahong Paleolitiko sa tatlong bahagi:
Lower, Middle at Upper. Ang Lower Paleolithic Period ay sinasabing period ng pagbabago ng anyo ng tao.
Dito nakita ang isa sa mga pinakamahalagang stage ng tao na tawag ay Australopithecine. Sinasabi ang nahukay
na si Lucy ay isang Australopithecine. Ang Middle Paleolithic Period ay sinasabing period ng pagkontrol ng
mga Hominid sa kanilang kapaligiran. Sa panahon ring ito nagsimula mag-express ang mga tao ng artistikong
mga abilidad. Gumuguhit sila sa mga bato at pinipinta nila ang kanilang mga katawan. Ang Upper Paleolithic
Period ay sinasabing period ng pagbuo ng kultura ng mga tao. Sa panahon ring ito umusbong ang mga Cro-
Magnon. Sa panahong ito nagbago ang mga gawi, asal at pamumuhay ng mga tao.
Panahong Mesolitiko
Nagsimula ang panahong Mesolithic o Panggitnang Panahon ng Bato (Middle Stone Age) noong bandang 8000
B.K.
Nagsimula ang panahong Mesolithic o Panggitnang Panahon ng Bato (Middle Stone Age) noong bandang 8000
B.K. at tumatagal nang libu-libong taon. Kasamang namatay ng panahong Paleolithic ang malalaking hayop na
nagsisilbing pagkain ng mga tao, at napalitan ng mga hayop na nakikita natin sa kasalukuyan. Natunaw na rin
ang makakapal na yelo sa pagtatapos ng panahong Pleistocene kaya't lalong lumawak ang mga lupang maaaring
panahanan ng mga tao. Bagama't nanatiling bato ang mga kasangkapang gamit ng mga tao noong panahong
Mesolithic lumiit naman ang mga ito at naging mas pino.
Panahong Neolitiko
Ang huling bahagi ng Panahong Batoay tinatawag na Panahong Neolitiko (Neolithic Period) o Panahon ng
Bagong Bato (New Stone Age).
Tinatawag namang Neolitiko (New Stone Age) ang huling bahagi ng Panahong Bato. Hango ito sa mga salitang
Greek na 'neos' o 'bago' at 'lithos' o 'bato.' Katangian ng panahong ito ang paggamit ng iba't ibang mga
kasangkapan, pamumuhay ng tao sa mga pamayanan, pagtatanim, pag-aalaga ng hayop, at pagkakaroon ng mga
kaalaamang tulad ng pagpapalayok at paghahabi.
QUIZ 1:
1. Sa paanong paraan nagtutulungan ang iba't ibang sangay ng kaalaman o mga disiplina upang buoin ang
kuwento ng mga kaganapan sa panahon ng prehistory?
2. Bakit naging mahalaga sa mga sinaunang uri ng tao ang mga pagbabago sa kaniyang kaanyuan at mga
pisikal na katangian?
3. Bakit batayan ng pag-unlad ng kaalaman ng tao ang paggamit ng mga kasangkapan mula sa simpleng
bato hanggang sa pagproseso ng mga bakal?
QUIZ 2:
1. Panahong Paleolitko
2. Panahong Mesolitiko
3. Panahong Neolitiko
OUTPUT:
Timeline
Gumawa ng timeline ng bawat bahagi ng prehistorikal na panahon.
Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao 8
Module 2: Salamin Tayo ng Pamilya Natin
Subject Teacher: Ms. Bea Rosella B. Coronel
Lesson Description:
Kagiliw-giliw pag-usapan ang tungkol sa pamilya. Bilang isang Pilipino, alam kong may malaking puwang sa
iyong isip at puso ang iyong pamilya. Ngunit sapat na nga kaya ang pagkakakilala at pag-unawa mo sa tunay na
saysay ng pamilya sa iyong sarili at sa lipunan? Paano maiuugnay ang pamilya bilang likas na institusyon sa
pagpapaunlad ng pakikipagkapwa?
Course Objectives:
Isa sa maraming magagandang katangian at pagpapahalaga ng mga Pilipino kapupulutan ng aral o positibong
impluwensiya ay ang pagkakabuklod ng pamilya. Kitang-kita ito sa simbahan kapag Linggo, sa pasyalan at sa
mga mall. Lalo na kapag may mga okasyon, gaya ng kaarawan, kasal, o maging sa panahon ng kalungkutan
tulad ng pagkakasakit o pagkamatay ng kasapi ng pamilya. Sa mga nabanggit na pagkakataon naipapamalas ng
mga magkakapamilya ang kanilang pagkakaisa, pagsuporta at pagbibigay ng lakas ng loob sa isa't isa.
Bukod sa okasyon, ang talagang binabalik-balikan ng bawat kasapi ng pamilya ay ang pagkakataong makita at
masayang makasama ang bawat isa. Panoorin ang video kung saan ipinapakita ang kahalagahan ng pagsasama
ng bawat pamilya dahil dito kasi nakikita at nararamdaman ang pagmamahalan at pagtutulungan ng pamilya.
PAGKAKABUKLOD NG PAMILYA
Matatatag na pamilya ang pundasyon ng lahat ng dakilang bansa. Tumutulong silang humubog ng mga taong
nagiging katulad natin. Kung kailangan nating lumaking malulusog at maliligaya ang mga anak natin,
mahalagang magkaroon tayo ng matatatag na
pamilya.
1. Pananagutan/Komitment
Maging tapat sa inyong pamilya. Bawasan ang mga aktibidad sa labas at gumugol ng mas maraming
oras sa piling nila.
Tuparin ang mga pangako sa ibang miyembro ng pamilya.
Maging maaasahan. Tumawag sa bahay kung mahuhuli ka ng uwi.
Tumawag at magsabing “mahal kita” kung naglakbay ka sa malayo.
Bumuo ng mga alaalang pampamilya. Magtago ng family album na may mga litrato at kuwento.
Kapag may problema, tumawag kaninuman, sa isang kamag-anak, kaibigan o isang tagapangalaga ng
kalusugan, para matulungan kayong harapin ito.
2. Pagpapahalaga
Panoorin ang video sa ibaba upang mas lalong maintindihan ang kahalagahan ng pagpapahalaga sa bawat
miyembro ng pamilya.
3. Pag-agapay
Panoorin ang video sa ibaba upang mas lalong maintindihan ang kahalagahan ng pagsasama-sama at pag-
agapay sa bawat miyembro ng pamilya.
4. Komunikasyon
Panoorin ang video sa ibaba upang mas lalong maintindihan ang kahalagahan ng komunikasyon sa bawat
miyembro ng pamilya.
5. Oras
Basahan ng libro o
makipagkuwentuhang kasama ang mga
bata bago matulog.
Patayin ang TV at maglarong
magkakasama.
Gugulin ang mga holiday at espesyal na
okasyon sa piling ng buong pamilya.
Magplano ng mga lingguhang gawaing
kalulugdan ng buong pamilya.
Paminsan-minsan, isama sa trabaho ang inyong mga anak para makita nila kung ano ang ginagawa
ninyo.
Magtrabaho bilang isang pamilya sa isang proyektong pang-eskwela o pangkomunidad, gaya ng
pamumulot ng basura.
Kahit isang beses isang araw, kumaing magkakasalo bilang isang pamilya.
Dumalo sa miting ng mga magulang, sa isang pangyayaring pang-isport o pang-eskuwela, at sa mga
seremonyang kumikilala ng tagumpay ng isang miyembro ng pamilya.
Gawing “malaki” o “importante” ang kaarawan ng bawat isa.
Makipag-ayos sa isang mag-aalaga ng bata para makapag-date kayo ng inyong kabiyak nang kayo
lamang dalawa.
Panoorin ang video sa ibaba upang mas lalong maintindihan ang kahalagahan ng pagkakaroon ng oras sa bawat
miyembro ng pamilya.
6. Pagpapahalaga at Paniniwala
Panoorin ang video kung paano nakakaapekto sa mga anak ang ginagawa ng magulang at gaano kahalaga ang
pagiging magandang halimbawa sa inyong mga anak.
-The End-
Quiz 2:
Panuto: Basahin at unawain ang bawat pangungusap. Ilagay ang tama sa patlang kung ang sinasaad ay tama at
isulat ang mali kung ang isinasaad ay mali.
_______3. Isa sa maraming magagandang katangian at pagpapahalaga ng mga Pilipino kapupulutan ng aral o
positibong impluwensiya ay ang pagkakabuklod ng pamilya.
_______5. Ayon kay Dr. Manuel Sy, ang lipunan ay binubuo ng tao, at ang tao ay hinuhubog ng lipunan.
_______6. Kapag ipinakikita natin ang pagpapahalaga sa pamamagitan ng mga salita lamang, naipakikita natin
sa ating pamilyang pinahahalagahan at itinatangi natin sila.
_______7. Magsabi ng anumang positibo sa bawat miyembro ng pamilya kapag gusto mo lamang.
_______8. Hanapin ang mali sa bawat miyembro ng pamilya at sabihin ito sa kanila hanggang hindi sila
nagbabago.
_______9. Mahalagang maglaan ng panahon para magkasama-sama upang makita ang isa’t isa at maging
matibay ang bigkis ng pamilya.
_______10. Magtrabaho bilang isang pamilya sa isang proyektong pang-eskwela o pangkomunidad, gaya ng
pamumulot ng basura.
Gawain 1:
Gawain 2:
Lumikha ng liham pasasalamat sa inyong mga magulang na nagsasaad ng mga pagpapahalagang natutuhan sa
pamilya at ilalagay sa video na iyong gagawin. Ipagluluto mo ang iyong pamilya ng masarap na hapunan. Ang
hapunang iyon ay magsisilbing pasasalamat sa iyong pamilya. Ipaskil sa iyong social media account, tulad ng
facebook, ang isang video bilang patunay na ginawa mo ang gawain. Gamitin ang hashtag na
#HapunangMasaya at #SalamatSaAkingPamilya, iscreenshot ang inyong nagawa sa facebook at ilagay dito.
CSS 8
Module 2: Basic Concept of Computer
Subject Teacher:Mr. Jomark P. Leal
Lesson Description:
Basic Concept of Computer is designed to introduce and understand the basic concepts of hardware, software
and Information Technology (IT). The term "component" refers to a basic physical element that's required by
the computer to function. A component of a computer is also referred to as computer hardware. Every
personal computer, whether it's a Windows or Mac system, requires the same basic components to run.
Software and firmware are also required to make a computer useful, but they are not generally included on
lists of computer hardware components.
Objective:
What is a Computer? An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be programmed
with instructions. A computer is composed of hardware and software, and can exist in a variety of sizes and
configurations.
1. ____ An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be programmed with
instructions.
2. ____ These refer to the physical components of your computer such as the system unit, mouse,
keyboard, monitor etc.
3. ____ This is very powerful computer, used by large organisations such an banks to control the entire
business operation.
5. ____ This machine allow you to scan printed material and convert it into a file format that may be used
within the PC.