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Report on Quarter Wave Monopole Antenna

Technical Report · May 2016

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19718.63047

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Muhammad Junaid Arshad

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 2016

Quarter Wave Monopole

Antenna

SUBMITTED BY:
M JUNAID ARSHAD
SP13-BPH-018
 Quarter wave monopole Antenna
Introduction:
Antenna is the device which may be used to transmit signals from a source to a
load in the form of directed but unguided waves.
Antenna can also be defined as a device which radiates and/or receives
electromagnetic waves efficiently.

Quarter wave monopole Antenna is a type of Wire Antennas.

Explanation:
A quarter wave monopole antenna
is another simple and efficient wire
antenna which is formed by driving
a wire with a voltage between the
wire and a conducting ground plane.
Using image theory, the monopole
antenna over a perfectly conducting
ground plane may be shown to be
equivalent to a dipole antenna in a
homogeneous region. The equivalent
dipole is twice the length of the
monopole and is driven with twice
the antenna source voltage (a quarter-wave monopole is equivalent to a
half-wave dipole) shown in figure below. These equivalent antennas generate the
same fields in the region above the ground plane.
Mathematical results:
Following is the mathematical derivation of quarter wave monopole antenna in
which we will use the relations of half wave dipole antenna and then at the end will
substitute the equivalent values for quarter wave dipole antenna.

The incremental far field electric field (dEѲs) due to the differential element of
current Is(z′)dz′ is found by replacing the IoΔl term in the infinitesimal dipole
expression by Is(z′)dz′ .

Inserting the approximation for R gives

where the z′cosѲ term is included in the phase term but not in the
magnitude term. The overall electric field of the dipole is found by
summing the contributions from all the differential lengths (integrating)
which make up the dipole.

The result of the integration is

where F(Ѳ) is the pattern function defined by

The pattern function shows how the antenna radiates as a function of the
angle Ѳ. The far field of the dipole antenna exhibits the same plane wave
characteristic as the infinitesimal dipole such that

For the case of a Quarter wave monopole antenna over Perfectly

conducting ground,

Time average radiated power:

To find this power we use the following derivation of half wave dipole antenna and
then finally arrive at quarter wave dipole antenna.
The total radiated power by the half-wave dipole is
Quarter wave Dipole Antenna Calculations from above:
The characteristics of the quarter-wave monopole impedance can be
determined using the image theory equivalent dipole

For Quarter wave monopole antenna is only over the hemispherical surface
above the ground plane (i.e., 0≤Ѳ ≤ п/2). So in power calculation we will
use different limits i.e. п→п/2. So our power radiated is half.

Prad= 18.28 Io2

The impedances of the monopole and equivalent dipole are given

 Thus, the input impedance of the monopole is exactly one-half that of the
equivalent dipole (this is true for any length l). The input impedance of
the thin, lossless quarter wave monopole is then

We see from this equation that the radiation resistance of the quarter-wave
monopole is 36.5 Ω.

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