OXFORD

UNIVERSITY PRESS
.,
Contents
1 Vocabulary
• Technology 4
• Free-time activities 6
• Health and fitness 7
Grammar

• Modals and serni-modals S

• Simple past and present perfect 6
Reading
• Magazine artide:
Future reality 4
..
11 Listening
• Sporting rnomerits 6
• In the sports store 8
l.
r • Simple present and present continuous 8 • Learn it!: Win and beat 6
.~M&G • Shopping 8 _
Unit 1 9 • Adjectives: Personality 9 • Simple past, past continuous, and used to; when, • Magazine artide: • Nominate someone special
Making a • Collocations: Get and make 12 while,justwhen 11 No to the cyber bullies 10 now 12
dlfference • Word builder: Verb and noun • Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous; • Showing approval and
for, since 13
~Warm-up video:
Friends
(1) o-~ collocations 1 S
• Present perfect with already, sti/1, and yet 17
admiration 12
• Learn it!: Used to, be used to,
MIG • Present perfect withjust, ever, and never 19 get used to 12
21 • Advertising 21 • Simple past and past perfect 23 • Timeline: • Shopping and you 24
~ey • Shopping 24 • enough, (a) few, (a) little, lots of,plenty ot, The art of advertising 23 • Expressing surprise and
• Word builder: Compound too much, too many 25 disappointment 25
• l Warm·up video:
Social media marketing (1) o-~ adjectives 27 • Attitudinal adverbs 29 • Say it!: Word stress 24
a&G • lntensifiers 30

Unit 3 33 • Adjectives: Technology 33 • The passive: past, present, and future 35 • Magazine artide: • The hungriest part ofour
Power to • Verbs: Functions 36 • Reflexive pronouns, emphatic pronouns, each other, More power to you 34 body 36
the people and one another 36
0 Warm-up video:
(1) o-~ • Word builder: Noun formation 39
• Hove something done 41
• Givíng presentations 36

Smart cities - Songdo

a:. G • lt is said that 4 3
A motion to debate 44 O .~
4·7-¡ · Phrasal verbs 47 • The first and second conditional; if, unless 49 • Blog: • Campus sports 50
• Aches and pains SO • The third conditional 51 The colors blog 48 • Agreeing and disagreeing 50
• l Warm-up video: (1) O ~ 1 · Word builder: Adjective • The zero conditional 52 • Learn it!: Transitive
and intransitive phrasal
Happy countries MI G suffixes53 • /fon/y, I wish 57 verbs 48

59 J • Verbs: Technology 59 • Question forms 61 • Magazine artide: • The history of manners 62

• Nouns: Manners 62 • Verbs with -ing and to 63 Connecting people 60 • Thinking time 63
• l Warm-up video: (1) O .~ 1 · Word builder: Phrasal verbs • Modals of deduction and possibility 67 • Learn it!: Actual/y and
currently 61
Global village .ti&@ w1thup6S • lnfinitives of purpose 69
~
Unit 6 71 1 • Verbs: Reporting 71 • Reported speech 73 • Reviews: • Open mic night and stand-up
Good times • Nouns: Entertainment 74 • Reported questions, requests, and commands 75 A day out to remember! 72 comedy classes 74

0 Warm·up video: (1) O ~ 1 • Word builder: Prepositional • Reported suggestions and offers 76 • Say it!: Sounds /0/ • Expressing frequency 75
Havingfun .:s phrases 77
• Prepositions 79
and /ó/73
a:.G
• Adverb phrases 80

Project 2 7A school exchange 82 (Al O .~ ~:.-:.

rUní'í7
the news
8 57 • Phrasal verbs: Travel 85
• Nouns: Weather 88
• Future continuous and future perfect 87 • Newspaper artide:
The transportation
• The uncontrollable weather 88
In • Future tenses: wi/1, be going to, simple present, • What and How 88
and continuous for future 89 revolution 86
• J Warm-up video: • Word builder: ldiomatic
Vlralnews expressions 91 • Comparatives and superlatives 92
• Future expressions 95
• ldioms: Hove and take 97 • Defining and non-defining relative clauses 99 • Reviews: • Talking animals 100
• Abstract nouns 100 • Determiners 101 Making sen se of food 98 • Too, neither, and nor 100
• J Warm·up video: • Word builder: Phrasal verbs • lndefinite pronouns 105 • Learn it!: Collective nouns 100
Synesthesia with look 102 -So ... that and such ... that 106
Unit 9 109 • Verbs and prepositions: Jobs 109 • Past perfect and past perfect continuous 111 • Forum: • The secrets of success 112
Experiences • Adjectives: Success 112 • Past modals of deduction and possibility 113 Student summer 110 • Exclamations 113
0 Warm-up video: • Word builder: Confusing • Plural nouns 119 • Say it!: Sounds /ó/
Summerjobs words 115 and/d/111

Proj~ct 3 A year to remember 1 2O (Al O B:. 1

Reference 12 3 1 • Currículum extra 123 • Review and exam practice • Pronunciation practice 1 SO
Unit 1 132 Unit 3 136 Unit 5 140 Unit 7 144 Unit 9 148
Unit 2 134 Unit 4 138 Unit 6 142 Unit8 146
 Speaking 1 Writing 1 Culture l 21 st Century Skills 1 Curriculum extra

• Expressing time 8 • Writing about your free time 7

• Speaking strategy: Asking for help 8

• Requesting and giving information 16 • An informal e-mail 18 U.S.: Wolves to the rescue 14 • Anticipating consequences 20 Geology:

'
• Focus on: Linking expressions 19
• Say it!: Sounds /re/ and / Al 15 Volcanoes 123
• Speaking strategy: Using informal
language 17 0 Culture video: The power of
the sun

• Describing your personal qualities 28 1 · A formal letter 30 U.S.: To buy or not to buy 26 1 • Strengths-based teamwork 32 History:
• Speaking strategy: Body language 29 • Focus on: Formal English 31 0 Culture video: Community living The Cold War 124

• Expressing interest, satisfaction, • A discussion essay 42 Ghana: The electrifying dance warriors 38 ¡ · Predicting future job opportunities 46 1 Science:
and hope 40 • Focus on: Conjunctions 43 Kenya: The dance of lite 39 Hydroelectric plants 125
• Speaking strategy: Starting over 41 • Say it! /::,r/ and /a/ 38
0 Exam successl 0 Culture video: Diwali
Video: lnterview task
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• Asking for and giving advice 54 ¡ · Ablog56 1 Canada: Surviving the Canadian winter 521 • Evaluating news 58
0 Culture video: Vancouver
1 P.E.:
Muscles 126
• Say it!: Sentence stress 54 • Focus on: Formal and informal
English 57
j • Speaking strategy: Paraphrasing 55
0 Exam successl

l - 1 •
Video: lnteractive task

Making suggestions, expressing certainty

and doubt 66
I • Speaking strategy: Expressing
• Announcements 68
• Focus on: Spelling 69
New Zealand: Ibe Garden Party 64
• Say it! Stress with phrasal verbs 65
0 Culture video: Charles Dickens
1 · Active citizenship 70 1 Literature:
Narrative features 127

1 certainty 67

~I ---- 1

• Giving and asking for points of view 78 • A report 80 Malta: The movie star of the 1 · Parallel thinking 84 1 Technology:
• Speaking strategy: Adapting meaning • Focus on: Statistics in reports 81 Mediterranean 76 Hydraulic systems 128
to context 79 0 Culture video: lconic movie
0 Exam successf locations
Video: Collaborative task
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• Comparing and contrasting 92 • A formal e-mail 94 India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, lreland: 1 · Building a well-structured 1 History:
• Say it!: lntonation 92 • Focus on: Sequencing words 95 lnternational sports round up 90 argument96 The Industrial Revolution 129
• Learn it!: Common set phrases 90
• Speaking strategy: Tone of voice 93
0 Culture video: Cricket
0 Exam successl
Video: Describing pictures
' ' '
• Giving instructions 104 1 · Completing a questionnaire 106 1 Africa, Australia, lreland: Rocking ali 1 · Presentingtheresultsofasurvey108 1 Art:
• Speaking strategy: Making yourself • Focus on: Giving reasons 106 over the world 102 Modernism 130
clear 105 • Say it!: Sound /w/ 102
0 Culture video: Stonehenge
1 1
• Giving notices and warnings 116 1 · A narrative 118 ! India: Succeeding in the space race 114 1 · Making a positive impression 122 1 Technology:
• Speaking strategy: Synonyms and • Focus on: Editing 119 0 Culture video: Visiting Mars Satellite communication 131
antonyms 117
• Learn it!: Verbs and nouns with
~ different meanings 117
1
0 Exam successt
Video: Conversation task

h· l
21st CenturyThemes: (Al Autonomy and lifelong learning Q Ways ofthinking ~ Digital, media, and information literacy
1:..:, Communication, collaboration, and cooperation @ Cultural awareness and global citizenship
 1 As you sit down in your history class, you
notice something different about your
classmates. You don't normally have to
wear a school uniform, but today everyone
5 is wearing a very old-fashioned one. Then
you switch off a function on your special
glasses and suddenly everybody is back to
normal. You tap your glasses and an article
about 19th-century schools appears. After
10 discovering that children had to memorize
long texts and teachers could punish them
by making them stand in a corner wearing
a silly hat, you decide that modern schools
aren't too bad, really.
Reading and Vocabulary
15 This may sound like a scene from a science will be able to replace these devices. They'II
fiction movie, but it may soon be possible 40 provide everything that the existing technology
thanks to Augmented Reality (AR). AR already can offer, right in front of students' eyes.
exists in the form of smartphone apps which But is that a good thing? Well, just imagine
change what we see by adding images, how much more students will learn in science
20 graphics, or text to bring pictures or information classes if teachers can transform classrooms
to life. To get the AR app to work, you have to 45 by using giant, moving 30 images of the solar
point your smartphone camera at something system or the human body. And thanks to the
and then tap on the app, which will provide Augmented Lecture Feedback System (ALFS)
extra digital information. This could be a 30 developed ata Spanish university, teachers
25 model, videos, or text. will see symbols above their students' heads
Sorne students in Japan already use their 50 which show if they have understood or have a
smartphones to sean their English books, question.
and the characters on the page then take So what can students of the future look forward
part in conversations. Of course, unlike most to? AR technology is only just beginning to have
30 classes, students must not leave their phones an effect on education, but when developers
at home. 55 have created thousands of exciting new
Schools are continually updating teaching applications in a few years, it could change
materials and technology. AR glasses, like teaching and learning entirely. We've certainly
the ones in the history class above, are the come a long way since students had to stand
35 next step in education technology. lnteractive in a corner with a silly hat on if they couldn't
whiteboards and computers already stream 60 remember those long texts.
the world into the classroom, but sorne experts •. : wt&~ -~--·
. that AR apps, and eventually AR glasses, < ··-·----
clairn ,1:t-1*!'2':t•••--"."...'~------,
i
1 -,.
Find two more examples of AR apps and
explain how they work.

1 G 1.01~ Read and listen to the article. Which two 3 Complete the instructions with the verbs .
school subjects are not mentioned? .... ...... --·- .
browse charge plug in pressing scroll stream !
1 art English history music science 1 swipe switch on tap text updates

2 Read the article again. Decide which pieces of

information (1-6) are given in the article and (l l your glasses by (i) the power button on the inside.
which are not. Give line numbers where possible. To (3) websites and (4) videos, you will need to download
Why the student's classmates are wearing uniforms. an app. This app automatically (S) when new versions
become available.
... you switch off a fu11ctio11 011 your special glasses a11d
sudde11ly everybody is bacl< to 11ormal. (li11es 6- 7) To see text, touch or (6) the right-hand side of your glasses lightly. To (7),

move your finger up and down the right-hand side of your glasses, and
1 How the student learns about schools from
to (Bl, move your finger from left to right in the same place. You will need
200 years ago.
to connect to your smartphone to (9 ) your friends or
2 How AR apps work. send pictures.
3 When the first interactive whiteboard was u sed.
To (lO) the battery, connect the cable that comes
4 A way students can use AR in language learning. with your glasses and (l_l) to your computer oran
5 How teachers wi 11 know if thei r students electricity socket.
have problems.
6 The price of AR glasses. O Vocabulary practice
Starter unit
 Grammar Modals and semi-modals
4 Read the sentences. Copy and complete the table
with the correct underlined verbs.
You ®tt1 normally ~ wear a school v.niform.
Children .h.ruU:o. memorize long texts.
Teachers ~ punish students.
You ~ point your camera at something.
Students must not leave their phones at home.
AR glasses wi(I be able to replace some devices.
They Mil. offer the same thing.
You shou.ld thinl< about staying in education.
6 Complete the sentences in exercise 5 so that they are
true for you. Use modals and semi-modals. Then add
two new rules.
Vocabulary and Speaking
7 Use the adjectives to talk about two devices that
you own. Look at the pictures to get ideas.
. .
automatic / manual convenient / inconvenient
efficient / inefficient heavy / light
high / low quality practica!/ impractical
reliable / unreliable useful / useless
·••••••oA00000000000000•00000000000000000000.000•oo000000000..000

Obligation, prohibition, and advice O Vocabulary practice

present obligation
past obligation
no obligation in the present
no obligation in the past
prohibition
\~), need to, and must oo
\~) ~ l like my tablet beca use it's light
and I can take it everywhere,
\~) ~
but the camera is useless. The
didn't hove to OóOóOóO<>
pictures are really low quality.
(4) ~

advice \~) and ought to oooooo

-, Ability and permission

in the past \~) . ~
in the present \?) ~
in the future \~) ~

Recycle ~--------,
l'm allowed to use my brother's new phone sometimes.
We weren't allowed to go to the coneert,
Will you be allowed to buy AR glasses?
We use be allowed to in the past, present, and future to talk
about permission.

O Grammar practice
5 Replace the words in italics with the correct
modal verbs. Sometimes there is more than
one correct answer.
At my school ...
1 we are obliged to put our hands up when
we want to speak in class.
2 we are advised to do at least two hours'
study every evening.
3 we atent obliged to stay in the school building
if we don't have a class.
4 we aterit allowed to use teachers' first na mes.
5 we wi/1 be allowed to wear our own clothes to school next year.
6 we were obliged to wear shorts in elementary school.

Starter unit
Vocabulary and Listening
1 Answer questions 1-5 with the names~
of the sports. Sometimes there is ·
more than one correct answer.
. . ........ .,. .. ·-· ·-· ,-,-, --· --- - --· .. )
: archery kayaking mountain biking
What is more important: winning
1 rock climbing track and field
an event or participating? lt seems
: wakeboarding
.. ~- .... • ·-· . that everybody laves a winner,
especially when nobody expected
Which sport(s) ... ?
them to succeed! This week's
1 should you wear a podcast looks at sportsmen and
helmet for women who became sports heroes
2 involves running, by accident. Here's a summary:
throwing, and jumping
1 Steven Bradbury
3 was originally
Sport: (n Lucky break in the semi-final:
a way of hunting
Competition: (~_) Three (1.l and Bradbury finished (~_)
4 involves sitting
Year: 2002 Lucky break in the final: (~_) crashed
5 needs a motor Prize: Gold medal
Location: (~_)
Phrase linked to sportsperson: (l.)
Complete the questions with the prepositions ~
out or up. Then answer them so they are true
foryou .

Which sports would you like to try (. .. )? 6 Read the Learn it! box and translate the sentences into
2 Are you good at running, orare you always trying your language.
to catch (. .. ) with other runners?
3 What sports skills have you picked ( ... ) since you
started high school? Common error
4 Which free-time activities have you taken (. .. ) We win a game ora competition. We beat an opponent or team.
recently?
5 Which activities with friends have you missed (. .. )
Golden State won the cup when they beat Cleveland.
on recently?
2 Maria beat Al ice in the final and won the school trophy.
O Vocabulary practice
3 Read the description of the Sporting Grammar Simple past and present perfect
Moments podcast. What is different about
the sportspeople in the program? 7 Read the sentences and answer the questions.
A l-le won Australia's first ever gold meda! in tl!is sport in 2002.
& Listen to the podcast. Why didn't
4 QI1.02) ~ B l-le hasn't skated in any competitions.
people expect Steven Bradbury to do well? Has
C For vears, Australians llave asked tl!emselves tl!e same question.
he had similar successes since then?
D l-low did he do it tl!at day?
5 QITID .:lt:.
~ Listen again. Which sentences ... ?
Copy and complete 1 talk about unfinished periods of time
the information about 2 talk about finished periods of time
Steven Bradbury.
3 don't say exactly when something happened
4 say exactly when something happened

Starter unit
 8 Complete the report with the What (1 you do) yesterday moming? Whatever it was,
correct simple past or present I'm pretty sure you (2 not jump) into a swimming
perfect form of the verbs in pool like Mireia Belmonte did at 8:00 a.m.l She does
parentheses. that every moming, and it's one of the reasons why
she (3 already / have) so much success. She (4 start)
swimming as a young child and it seems she (5 not be)
out of the water much since then. She (6 win) two
Olympic silver medals in 2012, and she (7 break) three world records ayear la ter.
Despite so much success, she (8 not achieve) everything that she wants to yet, so
she has lots of early momings still to come!

O Grammar practice

Vocabulary Listening and Speaking

9 Complete the text with the nouns.

1O G) 1]]) Listen to the description of one of the
activities in pictures A-E. Which one is the
·························--···················································--·····-··············-··
¡ accuracy balance coordination flexibility speed stamina strength speaker describing?
··········-·············~---··-·----····················--~---······················--·······-·······-·······
11 G) fID Listen again. Write the words in the
Training to be a top artistic gymnast order that you hear them. Then prepare a
short description of one of the activities in
Our bodies are really tested by the four different exercises in the competition. pictures A-E. Use the words to describe the
activity to other students, but don't say the
First of all, we need to build up (_1) to run very fast name. Can they guess which one it is?
towards the vault and push ourselves over it with ............................................................... -- .
ourhands. \ beat compete improve take the lead tie ¡
Then, (_2) is probably the physical quality that we
need most when we use our arms to pull our bodies O Vocabulary practice

over and around the uneven bars.

Writing
On the beam, our arms and legs need to work
together in (_3) so that we don't lose our (_~)
12 Write a paragraph about your favorite
and fall off. free-time activity. When and why did you
Finally, we have to show (_S) and put our bodies into take it up? What skills have you picked up?
lots of different positions in the floor exercises. What haven't you achieved yet?
1 took up tennis when I was at elementary school
Of course, these qualities are not enough to win. To get high because my best friend and I wanted to try it out.
seores, (_6) is essential: all our movements and our timing have
to be exact. We also need (_7), because doing one exercise after
another is really tiring. Starter unit
Vocabulary and Listening
1 Match the verbs to situations 1-6. 5 G)" 1]D DICTATION Listen and write the sentences
,,- - --. .
you hear. Then write your own sentences using the
! afford be worth it borrow lend save up waste time words in the functional language box.
···········-······························································
Can I wear your jacket and return it to you later?
2 Jorge has $15, and the shorts cost $12.99, so he can Functional language
buy them.
Expressing time
3 You should keep your money in the bank until you
have enough to buy a new bicycle. at during from ... to in until
4 My new sneakers were expensive, but they're really
good quality so it's OK.
5 l've given my laptop to Gina until this evening. 6 Read the Speaking strategy. Then practice the
6 You shouldn't spend all your money on things that strategy. Choose three words from the Starter unit to
you don't need! ask other students about.

O Vocabulary practice
2 ~ 1.04 Listen to the conversation. What does the
shopper buy and how much does it cost?
• Asking if someone has time to help:
Are you busy? Do you hove a minute?
3 ~ 1.04 Listen to the conversation again. Write short
answers to the questions. • Asking for help with a specific problem:
1 Who does Marta want to buy the item for? Can you spe/1 that far me? Cou/d you tell me what ... means?
2 What is she doing in Texas? How do you pronounce it? Wou/d you mind translating that?
3 Where and when does Marta work?
4 When does it get busy in the sporting goods store?
Do you have a minute? Yes, sure.
5 How much does the new jersey for this season cost?
6 What is the salesperson studying?
Could you tell me lt's a piece of equipment that
4 Read the Language point. Which questions in
what 'vault' mea ns? is used in artistic gymnastics.
exercise 3 are in the simple present and which are in
the present continuous? In your notebook, write full
sentences to answer the questions.
Speaking
Language point ~
Simple present and
present continuous 7 Talk about going shopping. Think about:
• where and when you go
1 always 90 to the celebrations.
• how often you go
We 're offering a discount.
• who you go with
We use the simple present for ha bits and the present • what you are looking for
continuous for activities that are happening now. right now
Ask for help if you need it.
 In this unit, we
• discuss ways of making positive change
• request and give information
• write an informal e-mail

Warmbp
~
Warm-up
Vocabulary 4 Watch the video.
O Warm-up video
O Vocabulary presentation
1 Look at the postcard. What do you think the
quote mea ns? Do you agree?

A good friend ...

2 Read the Internet forum. Which comments do you agree
is supportive when you feel down.
with? Then complete the sentence so it's true for you.
O SteffiF 09/15 10:30 a.m.
A good frie11d is ...
is outgoing and enjoys hanging out with you.
3 Describe your friends using the bold words. ó Kristoff99 09/15 10:49 a.m.
is truthful enough to tell you you have chocolate
My frie11d Sofia is really outgoi11g a11d e11thusiastic. We do lots of
around your mouth when everyone else keeps quiet!
differe11t thi11gs together. She's ...
~ Saphhyl 09/15 10:57 a.m.
O Vocabulary practice is enthusiastic about your hobbies, even if they think
thev'rs boring.
~ MissChatty 09/15 11:14a.m.
is dependable, and doesn't complain if you call or
text them late at night.
~ LucasB 09/15 11 :22 a.m.
is responsible and serious when you need them to
be, but justa little crazy when you need that, too.
O SportyGuy 09/15 12:41 p.m.
is only ever cruel to be kind.
~ MarieM 09/15 12:48 p.m.

"Qood frlenda is optimistic about your chances of passing a test,

and sympathetic when you fail.
don't tet Vº"' do atupld e BusyGirl 09/15 1 :06 p.m.
f" doasn't get bitter when vou've hada fight, and
t,.,nga
i. •
... t1111one.
I
always says sorry if they were wrong.
O VickyJane 09/15 1:33 p.m
is eager to hear your news, even when there's
nothing interesting to say.
O MarkyBoy 09/15 1:58 p.rn
is dedicated to your friendship.
eLola 09/15 217p.m
 oe.sc.r,bi.,,q
The power of positive action ?t.tSk e.Vt-t,.kS

"You're one of the most dedicated, Todd Schobel was listening

1 Even if you've only been awake for
a couple of hours, we bet you've
already sent and received a few
texts, had a look on Facebook,
5 liked someone's picture, maybe
commented on their posts ... are we
right? Technology and social media
play a huge role in our lives and our
relationships, but they also come
10 with their own problems. Before the
explosion of smartphones and social
networking sites, bullying mostly took
place in school, leaving the home as a
bully -free zone. Now, persistent
15 bullies have 24-hour access to their
victims , and this can have shocking
consequences. With more and more
stories of cyber bullying appearing in
the news, we decided to take a look at
20 ways of using the very same media to
take positive action.
dependable sportsmen in the schcol"
That was the tweet a member of the
25 track and field team received one
day when he was preparing for a
big competition. And he wasn't the
only student at West High School in
Iowa City to receive a nice message.
30 Hundreds were sent from a Twitter
account set up by Jeremiah Anthony
and his two friends. When Jeremiah
started at West High, he didn't use to
have anyone to eat lunch with. [ust
35 when he was starting to feel lonely, the
star of the school's soccer team invited
him to come and sit with him. Toe
outgoing soccer player helped Jeremiah
feel better. Shortly after, while he was
40 reading an article about cyber bullies,
Jeremiah suddenly hadan idea. He
would use social media to compliment
people, not to attack them, and hélp
them feel better, too! His Twitter
45 account was immediately successful,
and students used it to send over 3,000
supportive tweets to each other about
all sorts of things, big and small.
50 to the radio when he heard
a story that made him cry.
It was the tragic case of a
girl whose life was made
miserable by cyber bullying.
55 A few days later, STOP!T was
born. Todd is the founder
of the app, which allows victims of
cyber bullying to report incidents
to responsible adults or the police.
60 Users of the app can also get advice
from sympathetic experts. Todd is
extremely dedicated to this cause;
he and his team have already spent
over 4,400 hours setting up the app
65 and associated campaigns. STOP!T
was recently voted one of the top
five apps to change the world by
news agency CNN, so its been
worth it.
70 People like Jeremiah and Todd
want to make our schools a little
bit happier and our friends' lives a
little easier. They've shown that by
working together, we can make
75 cyber bullying a thing of the past.

1 G 1.06 Read and listen to the article. Which

information proves that both ideas were a success? 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
highlighted words.
2 Read the article again. Answer the questions with
Steve Jobs was the ( ... ) of Apple. He started the
Jeremiah, Todd, or both. Then write the sentences
company with a friend in 1976.
from the article which support your answer. Who ... ?
2 My friend is the (. .. ) of the school musical; she's
worked with others an excellent singer.
2 felt sad and emotional about an event 3 Stay strong and don't let those ( ... ) upset you.
3 wanted to help others after someone was kind to him 4 Luckily, the ( ... ) of the crime wasn't hurt.
4 carne up with something to help victims of bullying
O Vocabulary practice
5 had an idea after contact with the media
6 improved the day of people he knew
O Reading extension

Unit 1

STOP!l.
Grammar Simple past,
past continuous, and used to
O Grammar presentation
4 Read sentences A-E. Match them to explanations
1-4. Then answer question 5.
A The soccsr player it1spired Jeremiah.
B Todd was listet1it1g to the radio whet1 he heard the storv,
C Jeremiah didt1't use to have at1yot1e to eat lut1ch with.
D Just whet1 he was startit1g to fe.el lot1ely, a soccer player
came at1d spoke to him.
E While he was readit1g at1 article, he suddetily had at1 idea.
1 A past ha bit or state
2 A completed action that happened in the past
3 An action that interrupted another action which
was in progress at the time (two sentences)
4 An action which happened immediately after another
5 Which linking words do we use in questions 3 and 47
Which tenses do we use after each ofthem?
5 Complete the sentences with while, when, or just when.
Where were you going shopping (. .. ) you saw that dress?
2 (. .. ) 1 was talking to my classmates, the teacher walked in.
3 ( ... ) 1 was looking for Jack's phone number, he knocked
on the door!
4 Were you living in Ca nada( ... ) you learned to ski?
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
used to and these verbs.
1 feel like live wear 1
1 (. .. )a cap when I was in elementary school, but 1
don't now.
2 We didn't (. .. ) dogs until we got Barney, but now we
love them.
3 1 didn't ( ... ) bitter after arguments with my friend, but
1 do now.
4 Did you ( ... )in Miami befare you moved here?
7 Write the correct option.
( 1 When / While) I was studying in the library the other
<lay, a girl called Clare (2 carne/ was coming) in. Before
then, we didn't (3 used to/ use to) speak to each other
much beca use we ( 4 weren't / didn't use to) taking the
same subjects. Anyway, I (5 was having / used to have)
problems with my math homework (6 when / while)
she sat down next to me and (7 used to offer / offered)
to help. She was patient and enthusiastic, and I
(8 was understanding / understood) everything quickly!
She became a very dependable friend and an eager math
tutor! I'm optimistic that 1'11 do well on my test now.
O Grammar practice
Language in action
8 Describe a time when you made a new friend. What
were you doing when you met him / her? What was
your new friend like? Use exercise 7 as a model.
1 met my friet1d Luoa two years ago while I was watchit1g ....
l-le is really et1thusiastic about ...
Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 91 Unit 1
 Tt:.tllcit'.'3 t:.tbou-r
Helping your community durt:.t-riott

Vocabulary, Reading, and Listening

O Vocabulary presentation

1 Complete the underlined expressions in the ad

on the right with the correct form of the verbs get
and make. Then say what you think the ad is for.
O Vocabulary practice
2 Read the Learn it! box and translate
the sentences into your language.

Common error
Used to+ base form is for past ha bits and states.
Be used to+ -ing says we are accustomed to something.
Get used to+ -ing says that we are becoming accustomed
to something.

1 u sed to get involved in a lot of community projects.

2 l've been at this school for three years and l'm u sed to
the people here now.
3 l'm still getting used to the people at my new school.
3 Read fact files A-C about teenagers who have done
something special. Summarize their achievements in
your own words.
4 G 1.07 Listen to two friends discussing the
fact files. Answer the questions. Who ... ?
1 met someone who inspired him / her
2 wanted to share his / her hobby with
other people
3 returned to his / her parents' country
Name: Josh Worley
From: Norfolk, England
Achievements: Josh set upan m
radio station with the help of the local
council. He has been in charge for
over three years. Only teenagers work
at the radio station as Josh wanted to
give young people in his community
something to do and help them (~)
their skills. There are now over
m young people working
for SNYA Radio.

5 G 1.07 Listen again and complete the fact files.

6 G 1.07 Listen again.

Write the functional
language phrases
you hear. Then add
two more phrases
you know.
O Listening extension
Unit 1
Functional
language
Approval and admiration
Good idea!
l'm impressed!
That really is awesome!
That's incredible!
That sounds great!
From: Colorado, U.S.
Achievem.ents: Easton built a
robotic ~~) with Lego pieces. After
experimenting, he gota 3D printer
to print ~~) parts. Toe arms usually
cost ~~) , but Easton has made
one that only costs $500 for a girl
from his state. This will make a big
difference to her, and to all.
Grammar Present perfect simple
and present perfect continuous
O Grammar presentation
7 Read the sentences. Copy and complete the rules
with the correct option.
Josh has beet1 workit1g as the head of the statiot1 for over
rhree vears t1ow.
!-las she beet1 rut1t1it1g the charity for lotig?
Sit1ce thet1, he has made ene that ot1ly costs $500.
We use the present perfect continuous / present perfect
simple to focus on an action which is unfinished.
2 We use the present perfect continuous / present perfect
simple to focus on the present result of an action
which is finished.
l've lived here for three years.
l've lived here sit1ce November.
We use for to talk about how long
something has lasted and since to
talk about when something started.
Nam.e: Neha Gupta
Working in: India
Achievements: Neha set up
the (?) Empower Orphans after
a(~) to India. She met children
at an orphanage and found out
that they didnt attend (~) .
Her charíty raised $1 million
and sponsored (!.~) children
to go to school.
8 Complete the sentences with the correct present
perfect simple or continuous form of the verbs in
parentheses. Add for or since.
1 (do) my homework (. .. ) hours and I still haven't
finished.
2 1 (listen) to the podcast twice ( ... ) 1 downloaded it.
lt's hard to understandl
3 Andy (read) thirteen books (. .. ) the summer.
4 Rebecca (work) as a volunteer at the youth club ( ... )
years, but she's going to leave next month.
5 We (study) ( ... ) hours. We need a rest.
6 Katie (save) over $200 (. .. ) June. She's going to buy a
new smartphone.
9 Complete the text with the correct present perfect
simple or continuous form of the verbs.
complete do
make not earn
1 (~)ata home for senior citizens once a week for three
months now. 1 \2) any money beca use it's volunteer work,
but I don't mind because the senior citizens that I visit q)
a difference to my life. 1 love hearing about ali the things
that they \4) in their lives. One woman (S) a big impression
' on me beca use she (?) around the world twice! For the last
few weeks 1 (?) her to write a book about her adventures,
' and we (~) half of it already. She's teaching me to knit,
too! Thanks to her and the other residents, 1 feel that l'm
real/y doing something useful.
, _;. .,._,.,._.,...
O Grammar practice
Language in action
1O Discuss the things you and your friends have done /
have been doing this year. Say how long you have
been doing these things for.
We 've beet1 gettit1g better at basketball this year. My team
has wot1 twíce sit1ce the season started!
I've beet1 raisit1g mot1ey for charity sit1ce May.
Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 91 Unit 1
 12.e,s-rori~q t\t,\1" art-\1
e,~viro~Mt,~-rs i~
-rke- ¿($.
THEGETTING
BETTERetoG
Saturday, September 23 5:45 p.m.
Posted by FRANCIS BLACK

Wolves to the rescue

1 lt's late evening in the middle of the
winter. The snow is deep, but off I go into
the wild . Suddenly, 1 hear it: the howl of wolves.
Excitedly, 1 walk faster in the direction of the howling.
5 l've been working as a volunteer wolf tracker in
Reading and Vocabulary Yellowstone National Park for overa year now. lt's
O Reading preparation my job to follow packs of wolves to record information
about them. Their general behavior, how they cooperate
1 G 1.08 Read and listen to the blog. Match headings as a pack, and their hunting ha bits really fascinate me.
1-4 to paragraphs A-C. There is one extra heading. 10 Like wolves, however, 1 don't work alone. l'm one of a
team of peo ple who have gotten involved in a project to
Financia! benefits
help reintroduce wolves to the park.
2 Benefits to nature
3 How to beco me a wolf tracker
4 A little history

2 Read the blog again. Correct the mistakes.

The blogger ran away from the wolves she heard. ,e
2 The blogger is the only person working with the
wolves. ,e
3 We don't know how wolves disappeared from the
park. ,e
4 Animal and plant life increased dueto reintroducing
elks. ,e
5 People are spending less money around Yellowstone. ,e
6 The writer is worried wolves will soon have a negative
image again. ,e
3 Write the correct option to complete the definitions
of the highlighted words.
The wild is an a rea not controlled by
A people. B anima Is. C people or animals.
2 A national park is protected by the
A police. B government. C president.
3 Shade is an area that is
A cool. B sunny. e wet.
4 A habitat is a place where you find a particular
A park. B bed. C animal.
O Vocabulary practice

Unit 1
 4 Q) 1.09 Listen and repeat the words. Which sound
do you hear: /re/ or /A/?

Sounds /re/ and !Al

dam hunt money pack suddenly sunrise tracker

Word builder Verb and noun collocations

5 Find these nouns in the blog. Complete the

collocations with the correct verbs.

change damage the decision information

6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the

collocations from exercise S.
The storm ( ... )a lot of (. .. )to our house yesterday.
2 We (. .. )to protect the wolves' natural habitat last year.
3 We started this project to(. .. ) to our local town
and really improve it.
4 We (. .. ) about the number of tourists
e who visit the park every day.
lt's now sunrise at Yellowstone and there are rows of O Vocabulary practice
45 eager photographers waiting to get the perfect picture
of wolves against the orange glow of the morning sky. As Language in action
ecotourism rises, the park is becoming more and more
popular with people who wantto see wolves in their
7 Give a short talk about a
natural environment. The return of the wolves has also
national park or another area
50 helped the local economy. Curious tourists visit the a rea,
of natural beauty in your
stay in local hotels, and eat in the local restaurants.
country or region. Use
When l look at the beautiful wild anima Is and amazing collocations from exercise S. Say:
scenery around me, 1 realize we owe the wolves a lot;
• where it is
they are bringing really positive change to Yellowstone.
• what the natural environment is like
55 This is nota children's fairy tale, and the wolf will continue and what wildlife you can find there
to be the good guy in this story for years to come.

O Culture video:
The power of the sun
 Practical English
Reading, Listening, and Vocabulary
1 Read the poster for the Global lmpact Fair. How
will each project make a difference and how can
people help?
2 O) 1.10 Listen to the conversation. Are Stacey and
Theo volunteering at the fair, requesting information,
or giving information about projects?
3 O) 1.10Listen again and complete the sentences
or questions.
1 ( ... )sorne information about that.
2 (. .. )a little more about the well projects?
3 ( ... ) which countries benefit from it?
4 How ( .. ) them?
5 (. .. )to sign up now?
SPONSORING
AWELL
Help to satisfy a basic
need for a whole
community!
Here's how it works:
• donate a small amount
of money every month
or hold a fundraising
event and donate a larger
amount.
• receive regular updates
by e-mail on how we're
spending your donations.
• have the chance to make
friends with children who
live in the communities
where we've built wells.
Unit 1
4 Match questions 1-4 to answers A-D to make
mini-dialogues.
Could you tell usa little more about what the
campaign has done so far?
2 How can we help?
3 Where can I find out more? 1 haven't heard enough
about it yet to decide.
4 Can you explain how I can raise money?
A We still haven't raised enough money, so you could
become a sponsor. That would really help.
B Have a look on ou r website if you wa nt to fi nd out
more.
C What you do is organize a fundraising event. There are
lots of ideas in this pamphlet.
D Well, we have already brought water to over
300 villages.
ADOPTINCi A POLAR BEAR
Climate change and pollution have put polar
bears in danger as their habitat disappears.
Polar bear fact file:
Natural habitat: Arctic ice in Greenland, Norway,
Northern Canada, Alaska, and Russia
Current population in the wild: approx. 20,000- 25,000
For as little as $6 per month, you'll receive regular
updates about your adopted bear,
and a cute polar bear cuddly toy.
Your money will make a
difference to your bear and
allow us to do research to
protect its habitat.
Speaking
5 Use the ad for adopting a polar bear to request
and give information about that campaign. Use the
functional language box to help you.

6 Read the Language point. Then look at the

checklist and say what Stacey and Theo have
and haven't done. Use already, sti/1, and yet.
Language in action
Language point ~
Present perfect with
already, sti/1, and yet
8 G) 1.12Listen to the conversation and number the
ideas below 1-4 in the order Cassie talks about them.
• • • we 've already take11 011e.
The place to find the schedules for the school clubs.
We still have11't raised e11ough mo11ey (a11d we've bee11 The recycling activities of the environmental club.
tryi11g si11ce Christmas). The role of the sponsor for a new club.
1 haven't spoke11 to a11yo11e yet (but I will do soo11). The way to start a new club at the school.
We use already when something has happened. When O Speaking preparation
something hasn't happened, we use sti/1 not to look back at
the past and not yet to look towards the future .
9 G) 1.12 Listen again and underline the expressions in
the functional language box that you hear.

At the fair Friday, October q

Todo Functional language
• get info on campaigns ti' Requesting information
• pick up interesting pamphlets V l'd like sorne information about .
• decide which campaign to support (need to Could / Can you explain what involves?
do today) K
Can you explain which ... ?
• check out campaign's web page (been on list
How can we help ... ?
for weeksD K
Is it possible to ... ?
Could you tell us (a little more) about ... ?
O Language practice Giving information
7 G) 1.11 Read the Speaking strategy and the Would you like me to tell you how it works?
sentences. Then listen to Stacey and Theo and write Let me explain how it works.
down what they actually say. Which techniques from
What you do is ...
the strategy box do they use in each sentence?
Have a look on our website to see ...

@ji $f:il?iití4i
f
lf you adopt / sponsor ... , we can buy / save ...

Using informal language

We use different words and structures depending on who
we're speaking to. With friends, we:
• use imperatives
• miss out words
• use colloquial expressions
1 Helio, Theo. l'rn over here. 3 Should we go?
2 Sorry! l'rn late as usual. 4 Where do you want to
go next?
10 Choose a cause that you would like to support
and create an ad for it. Use the ones on page 16
as models.
11 Work with other students. Request and give
information about each other's ads. Use the
functional language box and informal language
if appropriate.
O Dialogue practice
Practica! English WB page 80 Unit 1
 Writing an informal e-mail

" paula186@ymail.com

A How are you? What have you been doing since I saw you last? You won't believe it, but l've
been getting involved in the youth club council!

B I u sed to think the council was a waste of time, but I decided to go a long to a meeting
anyway. Well, l'm glad I did beca use it made a real impression on me! We meet once a week
to plan things which will make a difference to the local community. We've just finished
organizing our Community Action program and it's been a big success, so l'm really pleased.
Basically, people from our club do things like going shopping for people who are ill, reading
to young children, and so on.

C Has that ever happened to you? 1 mean, have you had an opinion about something, but
then got involved in it and changed your mind? lt's never happened to me before! 1 feel
much more outgoing and confident now.

D Anyway, 1 have to go now, otherwise 1'1I be late for our next meeting. Keep in touch!

Take care,

Cristina

Model text 2 Read the e-mail again. Which paragraph mentions

1 Read the e-mail. What has Cristina been doing and
how has she benefited from the experience?
the following?
The writer ...
1 gives more details about what she has been doing.
2 asks about her friend's recent activities.
3 says what she has learned from the experience.
4 explains briefly what she's been doing.
5 explains what she's doing next.
6 asks about her friend's experience of something.

Unit 1
3 Read the Language point and answer the questions. Focus on writing Linking expressions
Language point
Present perfect with 5 Find the blue words and expressions in the e-mail.
just, ever, and never Which word or expression is u sed to ... ?

We've just fit1islled orgat1izit1g a program. 1 make things clear (two expressions)
2 change the topic
1-las that ever llappet1ed to you?
3 introduce a result
It's t1ever llappet1ed to me.
, '6 Complete the sentences with expressions from

Which word is used in a question? exercise S. Sometimes there is more than one correct
answer.
2 Which word is u sed to talk about what happened a
moment before? t
1 _The school play was really good. (. .. ), knew it would
3 Which word has a negative meaning? be a success. ,
4 Where are just, ever, and never placed in a sentence - 2 1 sent-her a text message to say sorry, (. .. ) she's now
before or after hove/ has] agreed to meet me after school.
3 The report is interesting. We'II talk about it tomorrow.
4 Correct the mistakes. ( ... ), have you seen Loma?
Have you spoken ever to Zoe? ,e 4 lt was an awful movie. ( .. ), the story was boring--and
2 We never have congratulated her on her success. ,e the acting was terrible!
3 Ben just has sent me a text message. ,e
4 Has ever the school had any famous visitors? ,e Writing task
5 You've ever wanted to help me! ,e O Writing preparation
O Language practice
7 Write an e-mail to a friend about an action that has
"rnade a difference to your life. lt could be at school or
at home.

Paragraph 1: Say helio, ask your friend two questions

about themselves, and tell them what you've been doing.
Wllat llave you beet1 doit1g sit1ce we Iast met?
l've beet1 ...
Paragraph 2: Give more details about your experience.
Explain where it took place and what was involved. Say
what happened in the end.
1 decided to go alot1g to ...
. . . it's beet1 a big succsss, so l'm really pleased.
Paragraph 3: Say how you felt about the experience .
Explain what conclusions you have come to.
1 meat1, you llave at1 opit1iot1 about sometllit1g, but tllet1 ...
lt's never llappet1ed to me before, but ...
Paragraph 4: Finish the e-mail by saying why you have to
stop writing. Say goodbye.
At1yway, 1 llave to ... l've just ...

Review and exam practice

Unit 1
 At\:~·ici?~~;.,_q
21 st Century Skills c.ot,.St4L&t.t,.c.t. S

What's up?

1 Read the photo story about 5am, Zoe, and

Ben. What do you think is the relationship
between the three people? What do you
think is happening?

Get involved

2 You are Zoe. What would you say to Ben?

Choose from decisions A-D:
A "Quick - tell me ali the gossip about Sam!"
B "I don't want to listen to qossip"
C "Lers wait for Sam to come back so you
can show her, too:'
D Something else (explain your ideas).

•¡Qiffii Anticipating consequences

3 Read the Reflect box. Ask yourself the questions.
Consider your answer to exercise 2 again.
Do you feel the same way?
Get thinking
4 In pairs, look at the different possible consequences
1-3. Match the consequences with the decisions A-C
from exercise 2. Then think of two more possible ways
that the photo story could develop. Complete the table.
Many of your decisions in life will have an impact on both you and
others. Before you make a decision, ask yourself these questions:
• Am I putting anything at risk (for example, a friendship,
someone's feelings or reputation)?
• How would I feel if I was in the other person's place?
[ • Does the choice take into account other people's views?
Put it together

5 In your pairs, role-play the photo

Ask Ben to tell you the gossip.
1 Your friendship with Ben becomes stronger,
but if Sam finds out, you may lose your
friendship with her.
story from exercise 1. Then, as a
class, vote on the best outcome of
the story. Follow the instructions.

2 Ben thinks twice about telling you the story.

When Sam returns, he acts like nothing
happened. Your friendship with both Sam
and Ben stays the same.
3 Ben is angry and offended. He says he wasn't
going to gossip - he wanted your help to
choose a birthday present for Sam!
Choose an action from exercise 2,
or another idea.
2 Think about what the consequence
will be.
3 Act out the next stage of the story.
4 Present your role-play to the class.

? ?
 In this unit, we
• discuss different ways of buying and selling things
• describe personal qualities
• write a formal letter

w ~-----"

( Warm-up
Vocabulary
O Vocabulary presentation
1 Read the tips. What happens ata
fundraising auction?

2 Choose the correct option to

complete the questions. Then
answer them so they are true
foryou.

Which skills would you advertise /

claim ata fundraising auction?
2 Which charities would you
promote / broadcast?
3 Which services appea! /
recommend to you?
4 Who would you
inform / exaggerate
about the auction?
5 Who would you try to
convince / appear to join you?
O Vocabulary practice
3 Watch the video.
 e'J(?('t-SSit'.'3
Sell, sell, sell ... ?t-tS-f- -riMt-

Reading and Vocabulary

1 Look at ads A-E. Answer the questions.
What is each ad promoting?
2 Who do you think the advertisers want
THEARTOF
to appeal to?
3 Would the ad
• •• . . . . . . _,,..
convince you to
Advertising is ali around us. Commercials appear between and during
buy the product? TV programs, ads make up 50 percent of sorne newspapers and
O Reading preparation magazines, and most websites wouldn't exist without them. And that's
just what we see at home.(_~) The average person sees nearly 5,000
2 ~ 1.13 Read and ads every day. Believe it or not, advertising dates back to 3,000 B.C.
listen to the But how did we getto where we are today? Our timeline revea Is ali!
•• •
timeline. Which • •
• Scientific studies became a key
years do the ads • ••
in exercise 1 •• • selling point. One advertiser, Edward
.. ...al ••• Bernays, wanted to increase bacon

•..
belong to?

e :;;;..."'
,,,,,
By the 18th century, advertising had
be come so common that a famous
scholar, Samuel Johnson, said that ads
needed to make "magnificent promises"
for people to notice them. (~) They
normally appeared on the back page of
newspapers, too.
::;~:ng Joh~son's advice, the
slogan was born - including a
catchy phrase to summarize the
product beca me essential to
any campaign. Ads were soon
on the main pages of magazines
and newspapers, and long texts
were replaced by
.
1mages (C)
....
sales. He asked 5,000 doctors if
a big breakfast was better than a
small one. (~) Many of them also
described bacon and eggs as a big
breakfast. The ads claimed that
bacon and eggs were recommended
by doctors, and that's how big
breakfasts beca me popular. How on
Earth had most people started the
day before then?!

1900s 1920s
3 Read the timeline again. Complete gaps A-F with sentences By the 1920s, radio channels had broadcast the first
1-7. There is one extra sentence. drama, anda soap company decided to sponsor it
to associate their products with this new, popular
1 Not surprisingly, ali the doctors agreed that it was.
media form. !~! lt worked, as radio dramas soon
2 The content and location of the ad is unexpected, so that
became known as "soap operas".
people talk about it.
3 lt was a new advertising technique that involved the show's
characters talking briefly about the wonderful domestic 4 Are the sentences about the highlighted words
goods that they had just bought. true or false? Correct the false ones.
4 Relaxing scenes are big sellers, too. 1 A slogan is a phrase which is easy to forget.
5 Outside, our city streets are covered in ads convincing us to 2 A product is something you can't sell.
spend our cash. 3 An image is a picture of something or somebody.
6 One of the first celebrity pictures appeared in an ad for soap
4 Media are only found on the Internet.
in 1893, and this trend is still very current.
5 A slot is an amount of time that someone or
7 Until then, ads hadn't included many pictures. They included
something can have.
long texts.
O Vocabulary practice
Unit 2
Grammar Simple past and past perfect
O Grammar presentation
5 Read the sentences. Copy and complete the rules
with the correct option.
By the 1q2os, radio channels had broadcast the ñrst drama,
anda seap company decided to spensor it.
That's how big breakfasts became popular. l-low 011 Earth had
most people srarted the day befare then?!
We use the past perfect to show the relationship
between two past actions. lt shows that one action
happened before / atter another.
2 We use the simple post/ post perfect to describe the
action which is furthest in the past.
3 We use the simple post/ post perfect to describe the
more recent action.
By the 1980s, advertisers were
searching for new ways to grab
people's attention. One thing
they carne up with was guerrilla
advertising, which is all about
surprising or shocking the
consumer. !~! A large kitchen towel
company launched a campaign
with huge cups of spilled coffee
in the street, of course using their
product to clean it up.
1940s
The first TV commercial appeared in
the U.S. in 1941, with a ten-second slot
at the start of a baseball game, and
advertisers were quick to realize the
potential of the moving image. They
were soon creating a variety of different lb
commercials designed to appeal to the
emotions oftheir audience. Dramatic
6 Complete the sentences with the correct simple past
or past perfect form of the verbs in parentheses.
By the time 1 (get up), my mom (already have) breakfast.
2 (. .. ) the company (plan) the advertising campaign
befare the products (arrive) in stores?
3 Marta (not hear) about the new sneakers until she
(see) the ad.
4 Kate only (understand) the movie because she (read)
the book.
7 Complete the text with the correct simple past and
past perfect form of the verbs.
l like to think that l'm not influenced by advertising, but
the truth is that / am! / (f buy) a soft drink Iast week
that / (2 see) in an ad 011 TV a few days befare. /
(3 not try) it befare but when / (4 see) it in the stere,
an image from the cool ad (5 appear) in my mind, so ads
definitely work! But they aíso work the other way. I
(6 want) to buy a pizza from the supermarket the other
day, but they only (7 have) a brand that they (g promote)
a lot, and the ads (q exaggerate) how tasty the pizzas
were, and had said that they were healthy. Claiming that
pizzas are really healthy annoyed me, so / didn't buy one!
O Grammar practice
Today, with over half a billion websites and
two billion social media users, ads are all over
our computer screens, and images of products
we've looked at appear automatically. Despite
this, advertisers are still looking for new ways
" :._ "5 ~ 1 to persuade us to spend on their products. The
question is, what will they think of next?
Language in action
8 Talk about how advertising has influenced the things
you've bought recently. Use exercise 7 as a model.
Think about food, clothes, equipment and say:
• what you bought and where you bought it
• when and where you had seen the ad and how it had
influenced you
Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 93 Unit 2
 B'IC'.\)f't-SSiW1.'3
Shopping all over the worlcl ({llttWl.1" i-rt1

Vocabulary and Listening

O Vocabulary presentation
Part 1: What kind ot!~! are you? Are you careful with your
1 Complete the Shopping and You questionnaire money or do you spend, spend, spend?
with the correct form of the words in the box.
Then answer the questions to find out what type A I want to get as much as I canfor my money!
of shopper you are . When I go shopping, 1 always search for half-price !?! .
Disagree
Verbs: bargain bid browse charge B lf I change my mind about something when I get home,
consume purchase refund select supply 1 return it to the store and ask for a!~!.
Nouns: bargain bid browser charge Disagree
consumer purchase refund selection supplier C When I see something l like in a store, 1 go home and
..•.. .. • ... ......_. .•... .._ ·• -~ ~.. . .. .
. .
!~hhe Internet to see if I can buy it cheaper online.
O Vocabulary practice Disagree
2 O) 1.14 Listen to the radio D Buy newthings? Not me! 1 place!~! in online shopping
interviews. Wt,ich three auctions to buy things that others don't want.
countries are mentioned? Disagree

E l love going to thrift stores! There are sorne great

3 O) 1.14 Listen again and
discounts, and it helps others, too.
answer the questions.
Disagree
What was the woman's
unusual shopping Mostly Agree: You are a very careful shopper, but
experience? remember that good quality and service are important.
2 Why did she need
Mostly Disagree: Make sure you don't waste all your
money, and think before you spend!
them?
3 When, according to the host, might a refund Part 2: Answer the second part of our questionnaire and
be necessary? discover what your shopping personality is.
4 Where are things sold at the Banjarmasin market?
F When a salesperson dcesn't !~! you enough for an item,
5 How do people pay for products at the market?
do you tell them?
6 What did the man buy at the market?
7 What does Obscura Antiques and Oddities sell?
G When you have a big !?! to choose from, do you take
8 What is fang floss used for?
your time and consider ali the options?
O Listening extension
4 O) 1.15 Listen and repeat H When a store can't !~! you with what you want
the words. Which syllables immediately, do you wait for it?
are stressed?

When you need to!~! something special anda little

different, do you know where to get it from?

refund (v) discount (v)

refund (n) discount (n)
.... _
J When someone asks you if you like their outfit, do you
tell them the truth if it looks horrible?

Mostly Yes: You're an honest, patient shopper, who

expects stores to treat their customers well.
Mostly Nu. You see going shopping as a challenge, and
Unit 2 it's one that you want to win - and win quickly.
5 Q) 1.16 DICTATION Listen and write the phrases
you hear. Then add the phrases from the functional
language box. Which phrases express surprise and
which express disappointment?
Functional language
Expressing surprise and disappointment
That was a surprise. /That's unbelievable! /
Oh wow! / 1 don't believe it! / You're kidding!
Grammar enough, (a) tew, (a) llttle, lots ot,
plenty oi, too muen, too many
O Grammar presentation
6 Read the sentences. Do we use the underlined words
with countable nouns, uncountable nouns, or both?
1 hadn't paeked enough warm sweaters, There wasn't
enough space,
There were too many boats. There was too mueh food 011 some.
7 Read the sentences. Copy and complete the rules
with the underlined words.
Very few stores were open. / They exehange it for
a few things.
We had little time. / We had a little local money.
l've bought lots of snacks from them. / l bought lots of fruit.
There was plenty of food. / There were plenty of different sizes.
We use(. .. ) and (. .. ) with uncountable nouns to
emphasize a very small amount.
2 We use( ... ) and ( ... ) with countable nouns to talk
about small amounts.
3 ( ... ) and (. .. ) on their own have a negative meaning.
By adding ( ... ), the meaning becomes more positive.
4 We use( ... ) and ( ... ) with countable and
uncountable nouns to emphasize a large amount.
8 Complete the sentences with few, a few, little, a Jittle,
lots of, or plenty of. Sometimes there is more than
one answer.
1 ( ... ) tickets were sold, so they canceled the concert.
2 1 took ( ) pictures in Thailand - around 500 1 think.
3 With ( ) help, we will be a ble to find a solution.
4 l'rn only going to try on ( ... ) pairs of jea ns - 1 don't
have much time.
5 There was (. .. )choice in the store, so Bruno didn't
buy anything.
Recycle
There was enough food far everybody.
The store wasn't big enough, sol left.
We use enough before nouns and after adjectives.
9 Complete the text with enough, a few, few, a Jittle,
little, lots of, plenty of, too much, or too many.
Sometimes there is more than one answer.
I spend \~! time in
stores, as I'm not
really a fan of going
sho~tng, but there
are \ .. unusual and
interesting stores that
I like. I went to the
Viking Store last week.
They had \~! cool Viking costumes and
jewelrR but there just weren't \~! bargains. I had
saved .~! money to buy sorne souvenirs, but I
couldn't buy a Viking helmet because they cost
\~! money. There were also \?! people in the store,
so it was difficult to see everything. Since my visit,
I've browsed the website and you can select
and purchase everything online. They
also supply \~! costumes to the movie
• .dustry, so they must be good.
O Grammar practice
Language in action
10 Describe a recent shopping experience
to other students. Answer these
questions:
• Where did you go and what was good / bad about it?
• Did you have enough money or spend too much?
• Did you find a few bargains?
Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 93 Unit 2
 Ot-scribi.,_'3 koMe-S
Around the world ;.,, ~kl- !)..S.

Reading and Vocabulary

O Reading preparation
B This home in Seattle is certainly
1 G 1.17 Read and listen to the article. Then answer
expensive at $975,000, but its
the questions at the start of paragraph E. Justify
location is anything but
your choice.
ordinary. This three-bedroom
15 house is actually a floating home.
2 Read the article again. Choose the main idea of
It's a houseboat in the Seattle
paragraphs A-E. Write the number. Then justify
neighborhood of Eastlake. Floating
your choice.
communities are popular in Seattle
A 1 People in the U.S. dream of awning a home, but they because they offer stunning views
don't buy them beca use it is difficult. . 20 of the city as well as the tree-lined

11
2 A lot of people in the U.S. like to purchase homes, lake shore. Toe floating homes are
discuss them, and watch TV shows about them. also close to major universities and
B 1 Houseboats offer the opportunity to live in the city businesses in Seattle, so residents
and enjoy nature, but they are very expensive. don't need cars. For sorne, these
· 25 selling points are worth the hefty
2 Homes in Seattle are very expensive, so many
price tag.
people live in houseboats. Houseboats are less
expensive and farther from the city.
C For those who prefer to get away
C 1 This New Mexico home is great far the environment,
from the hustle and bustle of city
but its owner needs to own a car.
life, this environmentally friendly
2 This New Mexico home experiences temperature
30 dome home in El Prado, New
changes beca use of its location.
Mexico, may be the American
D 1 This home has a pipe organ because it was once a Dream. Located in the mountains,
church. The new owner can easily move the pipe this dome home has an outer layer
organ from the home. of hard clay. This regulates the
2 The owners of this home lave mu sic and the pipe 35 horne's temperature and helps to
organ, and they hope the new owner will continue
playing music far others.

• iliif ii§OOWa..·
11 keep it habitable in the extreme
temperatures ofNew Mexico. Toe
dome shape also allows for lots of
natural light. A car, however, is a
40 necessity, as the nearest town is

1
Find out where the most expensive and
over ten kilometers away, and there
the cheapest houses in the U.S. are.
are no buses.

Unit 2
3 Complete the sentences with the highlighted words Word builder Compound adjectives
from the article.
There's nothing strange about the TV presenter's clothes. 4 Find three compound adjectives that describe
the homes in paragraphs B and C. Then complete
They're ( ... ) .
the sentences.
2 Your room is so dirty it isn't ( ... ) . Make sure you clean it.
3 There's a (. .. ) view from the living room window. We lave nature, so we are moving to a house outside
Everyone laves it! of the city, on a( ... ) street.
4 Everyone's a( ... ) customer. You never know who might 2 l'm renting a( ... ) apartment with two friends this
buy your house. summer, so we'II each have our own room.
5 Most of my friends live in apartment buildings, but my 3 1 want to live in an (. .. )home beca use I care about
parents and I live in a( ... ) home with a yard. the health of our planet.
6 We have a (. .. ) under the main floor of the house. We
5 Read the ad. In your
store a lot of things in it.
notebook, rewrite the AVAILABLE TO
words in parentheses as
compound adjectives. Pay
RENT IN DECEMBER
attention to word order.
Our stunning ( 1 country
O Vocabulary practice home with three bedrooms)
is available far the month
Language in action of December. The house
has a living room with a
6 Imagine that your family new, comfartable sofa. In
wants to rent out your the kitchen, there is a large
home for the Christmas (2 table made by hand),
vacation. Think about: perfect far family meals.
• what kind of house it is
The walls are (3 red like
D And if a unique home is your dream, bricks) and there are lots
this single-family house in Grand • how many bedrooms,
of ( 4 pictures that look
45 Rapids, Michigan, may be far you. bathrooms, and other
modern). Theres a modern
Toe home has a 3,200-piece pipe rooms it has
family bathroom, too.
organ in its basement . Pipe organs • how the house is
are more common in churches than decorated
in homes, and the value of the Grand
50 Rapids pipe organ is over $1 million. 7 Write an ad for your
So, what is the asking price of the house to attract potential
house? $129,000. And why is the renters. Use exercise 5 as
house so affordable? Toe pipe organ a model.
can't be moved easily, and the current
55 owners are hoping there are potential
buyers who are music lovers. They
hope the new owners continue the
tradition of playing concerts far
friends and neighbors.

O Culture video:
Community living
 oe.sc.ribittq 11our
Practical English ~rsot\AI q~ti-rie.s

Reading, Listening,
and Vocabulary
1 Read the application. What job is the
person applying for and where is he DATE OF APPLICATION: [ October 1
working right now?
PERSONAL INFORMATION:
2 G) 1.18 Listen to the interview between Full name: Tony Miller
Tony and Ms. Amza. What two factual Address: 6 Lark Street, Boston, MA 02134
mistakes does Ms. Amza make? Telephone number: (617) 738-7879
E-mail address: t-mill@t-mill.com
3 Choose words to complete the sentences ~--------------~
about Tony and write them. Use the YOUR APPLICATION:
functional language box on page 29 to Job applied for: Salesperson (Saturdays)
help you.
How did you hear about the job? 1 saw an ad on your website.
l'm a dedicated ( ... ), and I absolutely lave( ... ). Available start date: November 1
2 l'm really ( ... ),so dealing with customers is
one of the best things about the job.
PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE:
3 1 do a lot of (. .. ) shelves. Employer: Wholefoods Supermarket
4 My managers have been impressed with how Position: Part-time store clerk, stacking shelves and
(. .. ) 1 am. serving customers
5 1 like to think l'm ( ... ) . From - until: January to present
6 1 have a good head far( .. ) .
7 1 consider myself to be very ( ... ) .
EDUCATION
School: Eastview High School
1

4 Q) 1.18 Listen to the interview again.

Main subjects: Academic subjects, including math, science,
Complete the sentences from exercise 3 with
English, Spanish, and social studies
the words Tony actually uses.
Please list the qualities and abilities that
will help you in the job applied for:
Speaking and Listening
1 ama sociable person who laves working with people.
5 Choose one of the part-time jobs below. 1 am also punctual and efficient in my work.
Describe the qualities you have that would In addition, 1 ama hard-working and dedicated musician.
help you do the job well. Use the character 1 consider myself to be very knowledgeable about mu sic.
adjectives and the functional language to
help you.

babysitter clothing salesperson dog walker server

active confident dedicated efficient friendly

hard-working honest punctual reliable sociable

l like to think l'm sociable and hard-working, so l'd be. a

gre.at server in a bugy cate.

6 G) 1.19 DICTATION Listen and write the phrases

you hear.

Unit 2
7 Read the Language point and complete the
sentences. Use each word once.
Language point ~
Attitudinal adverbs
... but u11fortu11ately, the hours do11't suit me a11y more.
We use attitudinal adverbs like unfortunately to say how
we feel about something.
1 certainly maybe obviously simply 1 • shoe store salesperson
(. .. ), the job in our summer camp will mean working
during the summer vacation.
2 The manager didn't take money out of my pay; she
(. .. ) told me not to be late again.
3 (. .. ) they'I\ give me a pay raise; l'rn not sure.
4 "Can you be here at 6 a.m.?""(. .. )! 1 get up pretty early:'
O Language practice
8 Read the Speaking strategy. Write Do or Don't for
each tip.
In both formal and informal situations, your body language
can be as important as what you say. Here are a few tips to
help you make a good impression when speaking.
( ... ) make eye contact with the other
person to show you are interested.
2 (. .. )cross your arms in front of your
chest. This can look unfriendly.
3 (. .. ) move back and forward in your
seat, as it can distract the other person.
4 ( ... ) sit up straight in your cha ir and
lean towards the other person.
5 ( ... ) play with your hair, as this shows
you're nervous.
6 (. .. ) stand up straight
when you walk into and
out of the room.
Language in action
O Speaking preparation
9 Q) 1.20 Listen to the conversation between Henry
and Vicki and check the available jobs they mention.
• basketball coach
• bookstore salesperson
• clothing store salesperson
• grocery store worker
• sporting goods store salesperson
1 O Q) 1.20 Listen again and number six expressions
in the functional language box in the arder you
hearthem.
Functional language
Describing your personal qualities
1 do a lot of (+ -ing).
l like to think l'm (+ adjective).
1 consider myself to be(+ adjective).
l'm a dedicated (+ noun), and I absolutely \ove
(+ noun).
l'm really (+ adjective), so ....
lt's my passion, so ... really appeals to me.
1have a good head for (+ noun), so ... shouldn't
be a problem forme.
l've picked up really valuable experience.
My managers have been impressed with how
(+ adjective) 1 am.
11 Role play a job interview for one of the
summer jobs below. Use the functional
language, character adjectives, and
attitudinal adverbs where appropriate.
Pay attention to your body language.
farm helper hotel receptionist
summer camp counselor supermarket cashier
The interviewer should introduce
themselves and ask the following questions:
• Why have you applied for this job?
• What experience do you have?
• Why are you su ita ble for this job?
• Do you have any questions?
O Dialogue practice
Practica! English WB page 81 Unit 2
 Writing a formal letter
Model text
1 Read the letter. Why is the writer complaining
about the video game? What do you think the
result of the letter will be?
2 Read the letter again. Number the information
in the order that it appears.
A What the writer wants the company to do
B What the problems with the game are
C The reason for writing
D The writer's opinion of the company
E Why the writer bought the product
-
-
3 Read the Language point. Then copy and
complete the table with the blue phrases in
the letter.
Language point ~
lntensifiers
She was really scared.
She was absolutely terrified.
We use words like real/y, very, and extreme/y to make
adjectives stronger, or intensify them. With adjectives
which are already strong, e.g. terrified (= really
scared), we use complete/y, total/y, or abso/utely.
very good ----- totally awesome
extremely funny--- absolutely hilarious
really tired ---- completely exhausted
extremely frightened-.. absolutely terrified
(1) ------• absolutely tragic
very unsuitable --- m grateful if you could give me a full refund. Please find
(3) ------totally brutal
O Language practice
4 Replace the words in italics with a stronger
version from exercise 3.
lt's a very funny movie. You should see it!
2 We were extreme/y tired after the party.
3 The food was very qood, but it was
very expensive.
4 1 felt extreme/y frightened when
we watched the horror movie.
Unit 2
~-
21 Agatha Road
Atlanta, GA 30311
A&DGames
267 Dean Street
Boulder, CO 80303
Wednesday, November 1 O
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to complain about your new video
game, which I purchased online last weekend as
a birthday present for my younger sister.
Since advertisements for the game had been broadcast
between shows for children, I thought that the product
would appeal to them. The advertisements also made the
game look innocent and fun, which is why I decided to buy
it. However, my parents and I think the game is actually
extremely violent, and the content is totally inappropriate
for children under 14. When I played the game with
my sister, she was absolutely terrified, and it ruined her
birthday evening.
Furthermore, we were shocked to see that the game
promotes bad behavior. Too many of the characters
behave in a completely unacceptable way, which your
company should not encourage.
Until now, I had always been really impressed with your
company and associated your products with quality
entertainment. It is very sad that you are promoting
such material. Under the circumstances, I would be
the receipt attached.
I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.
Yours truly,
J ay den Allen
 •
Focus on writing Formal English
S Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false ones.
1 n a formal letter- you ...
put your name with your address.
2 write the date under your address.
3 include the name and address of the person or company that you are
writing to on the left.
4 use Sir/ Madam if you know the name of the person.
5 use short forms.
6 use polite language and avoid imperatives.
7 finish with Yours truly.

6 Rewrite these sentences in formal English.

1 1 want a refund.
2 lf you need to know anything else, send mean e-mail.
3 l'm sorry about the problems you've had.
4 Best wishes,

Writing task
O Writing preparation
7 Write a formal letter of complaint about one of the following topics:
• An advertisernent which you think is inappropriate
• A product which didn't work correctly
• A bad experience in a store or restaurant

Paragraph 1: Explain what you are complaining about.

Say when and where the event or situation took place.
1 am writi11g to complai11 about ...
Paragraph 2: Give details about the problem. Explain the
problem in detail and say who it affects.
Whet1I ...
... is totally i11appropriate for ...
Paragraph 3: Provide information about another aspect of
your complaint.
Furthermore, we were shocked ...
. . . is completely u11acceptable.
Paragraph 4: Say what your opinion of the company was
and how this event / situation has changed it. Finish by
suggesting what the company should do.
U11til 1 ... , 1 had always associated ...
lt is very sad that ...
1 would be grateful if you could ...

~ Review and exam practice

Go to pages 134-'-:135.

Unit 2 ~
 &½-re-t'.q·Hts-b~se.d
21 st Century Skills ,t-e,~f\Wlort

What's up?

1 Ella's group created a blog about fashion in the 1960s for

a school history project. Read Ella's review of the project.
What was their problem at the start of the project?

Get involved

2 Read the text again and complete Ella's list

with Ella, Kai, Mia, or everyone.

Task Who
Make a task list Ella

Find information ( ... ) and ( ... )

Project review
Research pictures ( ... )

Write the text ( ... ) At first, we were really confused about where
to start because there was a lot to do. I'm very
Design the blog ( ... ) good at organizing things, so I made a list of
Check for mistakes ( ... ) all the tasks we needed to do and when. Toen
we looked at everyone's skills, knowledge, and
abilities, and decided on the best person for
•;fihffii each task.

3 Read the Reflect box. Then read the text again. Mía and Kai are really efficient at finding
What skills, knowledge, and personal qualities reliable information, so they <lid Internet
do peo ple 1-3 have? Why were they the best research. And I know a lot about photography,
people for each task? so I found the pictures. After that, we had a
1 Mía 2 Ella 3 Kai
meeting and chose the most important things
to include, and we all wrote the text together.
Kai designed a blog because hes really creative,
Strengths-based teamwork and Mía checked it because she's a good editor.

Everyone has different skills, knowledge, and personal qualities.

When we work in a group, its important to recognize how each Put it together
person can contribute.
5 In groups, create a blog about fashion in the past.
Follow the instructions.
Get thinking Choose a decade: the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, or 1980s.
2 Write a list of the tasks you need to do and decide the
4 Look at the tasks that Ella's group did for the project.
best person for each task. Use your lists from exercise 4
Which ones do you think you can do and why?
to help you.
• Make a task list • Find information 3 Create your blog.
• Research pictures • Write the text 4 Present your blog to the class.
• Design the blog • Check for mistakes 5 After your presentation, tell the class who did each
task and why.

Unit 2
In this unit, we
• discuss ways of using and saving energy
• express interest, satisfaction, and hope
• write an opinion essay

Warm-up
Vocabulary
O Vocabulary presentation
1 Name the objects in the pictures.
Then use the words to describe them.
Which word can you use most often?

: adaptable alternative chemical

1 computer-generated electronic energy-saving
: high-tech innovative mechanical
:. solar-powered sustainable wireless
.. ···································· .. . .

2 Copy and complete the table with the

words from exercise 1. What do the words
describe?

Energy Devices Both

chemical adaptable mecha11ical

3 Think of three devices that you use

regularly. Use the adjectives from
exercises 1 and 2 to describe them.
O Vocabulary practice
4 Watch the video.

Warmtlp

MorelPDWER lto-vou!
1 7:50 a.m.: Stephanie wakes up and realizes she only has
ten minutes to get to school. She quickly throws her
books into her backpack and, after a frantic search, finds
her high-tech phone befo re rushing out of the door. The
5 battery's dead, but she isn't worried - she puts a special
device on her knee and charges her phone as she runs
to school. By the time she gets there, she's generated
enough energy to use her phone well into the evening.
A scene from a science fiction movie? Not according to
10 recent research. Scientists are experimenting with
kinetic energy, an alternative, green, sustainable power
source which could mean that electronic devices will
never be plugged in again. But what is kinetic energy, and
how will it be used?
15 Well, first of all, kinetic energy is nothing new. We all
create it when we move. What is new is that scientists
are developing innovative systems to make use of it. At
the Simon Fraser University in Ca nada, researchers are
working on a small electric generator which is worn
20 on the knee. The generator takes the energy that is
produced while walking and coñverts it into electricity.
A one-minute walk provides enough battery power for a
30-minute phone conversation!
Reading and Vocabulary
1 Q) 1.21 Read and listen to the article. Find all the
different forms of movement which create energy.
2 Read the article again. Decide which pieces of
information {1-5) are given in the article and which
are not. Give line numbers where possible.
How the girl operates the special device on her knee.
1 Kinetic energy doesn't damage the environment.
2 The speed you have to walk atto make the knee
generator work.
3 Where the energy produced by the bag is kept.
4 What students did to contribute to a greener school.
5 The amount of kinetic energy that is available.
O Reading extension
Unit 3
l,(Sit\q kkt-
~t:\SSiVe.. voic.e..
25
In the U.S., the University of Pennsylvania is also
developing something which will be appreciated by those
who forget to charge their phones - and surprisingly, it
comes in the form of a bag! When someone walks while
carrying the bag, their steps generate electricity, which is
stored] in a small battery. A half-hour walk creates
30 enough energy to fully charge a smartphone.
Energy-saving kinetic devices are also helping institutions
and businesses to be greener. Ata school in Canterbury,
England, special floor tiles were installed in the hallways.
In contrast to most schools, students were told to run
35 rather than walk a cross the ti les, so that their movements
would produce sorne of the energy required to light the
building. The same system is used atthe WATT disco in
Rotterdam, Holland, where dancers on the kinetic dance
floor help to run the club's lights. But the ti les weren't
40 tested on a large scale until the 2012 Olympics in London,
where they were successfully used to power streetlights
and advertising signs in the Olympic Park.
So, are these kinetic devices going to be seen in stores
near us soon? Scientists certainly hope so, and with
45 the average person taking 150 million steps in their
lifetime, it's unlikely that they'II give up on kinetic energy
any time soon.
3
,C
Match the
highlighted verbs f i!iiiiH®Jls.·
from the article to Find another place where floor
their definitions. tiles are used to create energy.
operate or function
2 change from one form, purpose, or system to another
3 produce or create something else
4 put something somewhere and keep it there to
use later
O Vocabulary practice
Grammar The passive: past, present, 8 Complete the text with the correct
and future passive form of the verbs in
parentheses.
O Grammar presentation

4 Find the blue sentences in the article. Which
sentence is an example of ... ?
1 the simple present passive
2 the simple past passive
3 the future passive with wi/1
4 the future passive with be going to
5 Look at the blue sentences again. How are each of
the passive tenses in exercise 4 formed?
l am /is/ are+ past participle + (by)
Which energy sources (1 use) in the
future? Most people think energy
(.2 produce) from modern, sustainable
sources, but what they don't know is that many of these
arsn't new. Take solar power, for instance. Albert Einstein
(3 award) a Nobel Prize for his work on solar energy in 1q21.
Today, solar farms (4 use) to creare sustainable energy in
different countries around the world. Experts believe that more
and more solar panels (5 install) on people's houses in the near
future. Some experts also predict that innovative solar-powered
cars (6 see) on our streets soon, But (. • .) enough energy
(7 generate) to move heavy vehicles? We '11 have to wait and ses.

6 Complete the sentences with the correct will orbe

going to passive form of the verbs in parentheses. O Grammar practice
1 Kinetic devices (going to/ manufacture) soon.
2 ... (will / give) a job at the end of my training course?
1
Language in action
3 Gasoline (not going to/ use) to power the city buses.
9 How do you think the things in the pictures will be
4 l'm sure the kinetic bag (will / sell) next year.
powered in the future? Write passive sentences.
5 We (will not / tell) our test results until next week.
Use the article to help you.
6 ... cell phones (going to/ make) with mini
solar panels?

Recycle
These computers are made in Germany.
(We don't know who makes them.>
Kinetic energy is created by people who move.
We use by if we want to say who does something.
We often use the passive when it isn't clear or
important who does something.

7 Rewrite the active sentences in the correct present or

simple past passive forms. Only use by if necessary.
The scientist showed us the new kinetic device.
2 These machines don't generate electricity.
3 Does this device convert salt water into drinking water?
I think that tiny, high-tech solar panels will be added to our
4 Did they create computer-generated images?
clethes, and this energy will be used to power our tablets.
5 Jack didn't store the files correctly.
6 They switch off the library computers at 8 p.m. 10 Discuss your ideas with other students. Which ideas
do you think will be used soon?

Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 95 Unit 3

 Brain power

Vocabulary and Listening

O Vocabulary presentation
1 Read the presentation. Then replace the words in italics
with the correct form of the highlighted verbs.
1 l'm going to sit and relax for half an hour.
2 Dad asked the gym instructor to fix the broken exercise bike.
3 Our students did well on their biology tests last year.
4 A good meal will rapidly increase your energy levels.
5 The tissue has token in most of the ju ice I spilled.
6 Running uses upa lot of calories.
7 My computer stopped working and I lost all my work.
8 Everyone needs time to think about this information.
9 After a long day, exercise helps us /et go of our extra energy.
1 O Blood moves oxygen around the body.
O Vocabulary practice The brain and food
O Listening preparation • Our brains use_(~ )percent of the energy that our bodies get through food.

& • They need energy to IJ>rocessj our ~?! and feelings.

2 Gl 1.22 ~ Listen to the presentation. What
• Our brains' main source of energy is glucose, a type of natural~~!
does one of the speakers compare the brain
which they ~b] slowly.
to: a calculator, a computer, or the Internet?
Be careful: Too much sugar can cause problems such as memory loss.
3 G) 1.22 &
~ Listen again. Complete the when our brains tcrashl a little, like a computer.
missing information from the presentation.

4 Read the phrases in the

Grammar Reflexive pronouns, emphatic
functional language box. pronouns, each other, and one another
Which are used to ... ? O Grammar presentation
introduce a presentation 5 Read the sentences. Answer the questions about the
2 move to a new topic underlined expressions.
3 give an example
A Our brait1s at1d bodies depet1d ot1 each other.
4 finish a presentation
B Our braiHS cat1 repair themselves.
C l'm goit1g to follow that advice myself.
D The brait1 can't do this by itself.
Functional language E They help ot1e at1other.
Giving presentations 1 Which expressions mean that A does an action to A?
l'd now like to discuss ... 2 Which expressions from question 1 emphasize the
Let me summarize . action that A does to A, but the sentence makes
Research has shown . sense without it?
Today, we're going to talk to you about ... 3 Which expressions mean that A does an action to B
OK, then, let's move on to ... and B does the same action to A? These expressions
mean exactly the same thing.
Studies show that ...
4 When A does an action to A, we use reflexive
OK, we've come to the end of our presentation.
pronouns. To emphasize this action, we use emphatic
pronouns. Which sentences contain a reflexive and
which contain an emphatic pronoun?
Unit 3
 7 Match 1-6 to A-F to make sentences.
Jack hurt
2 My best friend and 1
3 1 looked at
4 My video game turns
5 Lily says she can repair
6 We're meeting
A aren't talking to one another
right now.
B her computer by herself.
The brain and exercise
C itself off when l'm not usi ng it.
• Exercise is both a physical and mental!~), so our brain
D himself when he fell off his bike.
and our body need one another.

'"
E each other outside the gym.
• Durinq exercise, OLir heart(irañsp"ofis] !~) fLIII of oxygen
F myself in the mirror before I left.
to our brain, J6oostiñij) our leve Is of energy.
• After exercise, the brain (raleases! chemicals which 8 Complete the dialogue
make LIS feel !~) . with reflexive or emphatic
pronouns, each other, or one
another. Sometimes there is more than one
correct answer.
Connor I feel ti red all the time!
1 really need more energy.
Max Me, too. We obviously need to get (l l fit.
Connor What?! Exercise? 1'11 just make (2) even
more ti red.
Max No, it'II boost your energy. l know, we cango
mountain biking together and encourage (3) to
keep going.
Connor Mountain biking? 1 think we'd better warm (4)
up with a gentle ride in the park first!
Max OK. We should tell (S) jokes, too. When you
laugh, your brain gets more oxygen, so you'II
feel more awake.
Connor Well, we'II probably laugh when we see (~)
trying to be athletid

• With less sleep, our brains quicklv lburnl the

energy they have, and we have mo';;l~! .
• Siestas help LIS h~erforml well !~) .
6 Are the pronouns in these sentences reflexive (RP)
or ernphatic (EP)?
1 1 cooked that meal by myself.
2 Sam blames himself for the accident.
3 The students organized the presentation themselves.
4 We've just bought ourselves a new car.
5 Ana has cut herself pretty badly.
O Grammar practice
Language in action
9 Think of things that you could do to make yourself
feel more energetic. Compare your ideas with other
students and choose the best ones.
1 could boost my energy levels by prepari11g healthy s11acks
formyself.
10 Prepare a short presentation of your ideas from
exercise 9 for the class. Explain the advantages
and disadvantages of your suggestions. Use the
functional language box to help you.

Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 95 Unit 3

 Around the world

Reading and Vocabulary

O Reading preparation
1 G) 1.23 Read and listen to the texts. Match texts A
and B to text types 1-4. There are two extra text
types. Justify your choice.
The electrifying
a blog 3 a novel Dance Warriors
2 a review 4 a travel guide 1 Toe latest performance by the Dance Warriors
of Africa was a truly unique experience. Toe
2 Read the texts again. Answer the questions in your
atmosphere was electric, and the energetic routines
own words.
and chemistry between the dancers made the ,·
How does the writer describe the dancing in the 5 show pretty extraordinary. Toe Warriors, who
Dance Warriors of Africa show? have toured Africa, Australia, Canada, and the
2 Who is Isaac Allotey? U.S., use influences from African warrior dances
3 How does Allotey help others? in their routines. Toe choreography is impressively
4 How old are the Maasai customs that visitors can see? authentic, and its impossible not to feel like you've
been transported to a real African village!
5 Who takes part in the jumping dance and what does
it say about them? But it isn't just through their fast-paced dancing
that this group, made up of dance champions from
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the various regions of Ghana, express their energy. Toe
highlighted words. group's founder, Isaac Allotey, is a former Ghanaian
People of ali ages (. .. ) in African celebrations.
national dance champion himself, and he has spent
decades putting all his effort and enthusiasm into
2 As part of a group, you have to( ... ) each other
promoting traditional African dance. These days, not
through good and bad times.
all of Allotey's energies go into choreography, as the
3 You have to work hard ifyou want to( ... ) and improve
group is now also a charity which supports people
your dance skills. in need. Talented street children who otherwise
4 Dad always (. .. ) his birthday by going to a musical. wouldn't have the chance to develop
5 Your dancing is amazing. Where did you ( ... )? their skills are trained in both dancing
O Vocabulary practice and drumming.
In the past, traditional African dances
4 G) 1.24 Listen and repeat the words. Which sounds were taught by the village dance
do you hear: /:)r/ or /a/? master. Allotey is today's
grand dance master, and a
powerful international
Sounds /-:,r/ and /a/ ambassador of
extraordinary impossible opportunity African dance.
performance support A dynamic show with
amazing energy on and off
the stage. Not to be missed!
Unit 3
 Word builder Noun formation

5 Copy and complete the table with the correct noun

formations. Use these verbs.

develop participate support train

Verbs Noun (person) Noun (activity, situation)

celebrate ] celebrity Felebration ... . . .

6 Complete the pairs of sentences with the correct

1 No visit to Kenya is complete without a trip to a traditional
village. We strongly recommend that you make the most of this
once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to see centuries-old Maasai
customs for yourself.
5 One must-see custom is warrior dancing: Adumu, or the
Maasai jumping dance, is the best-known of them ali. This
traditional dance is performed by young, dynamic Maasai men
to celebrate significant stages in their lives and prove to one
another that they have become strong warriors, full of energy
10 and enthusiasm. The men who are .P.articipating stand in a
semi-circle and start to sing. They then take turns to step into
the middle of the circle and jump as high as they can into the
air, without letting their heels touch the ground. Only their toes
may touch. lt's a test of the power in their legs, and as soon
15 as the singing starts, members of the tri be rush to watch the
performance and see who can jump the highest.
Please note: visitors should ask permission befare taking pictures
of the Maasai peo ple.
nouns from exercise 5.
1 a Athletes spend a lot of time in (. .. ) for competitions.
b Lots of famous people have personal (. .. ) to help
them keep fit.
2 a How many ( ... ) took part in the dance cornpetition?
b (. .. ) in traditional customs helps you to really
understand the culture.
3 a The ( ... ) of skills such as reading and writing has
changed many of the tribe's traditions.
b (. .. ) plan to build modern housing next to huts.
4 a The volunteers give a lot of (. .. )to people in need.
b l'm a huge ( ... ) of bringing sustainable energy
forms to remate villages.
5 a Isaac is a well-known (. .. )in Ghana.
b Wedding ( ... ) in Tanzania can last for ten days.
O Vocabulary practice
Language in action
7 Think of traditional customs in your culture which are
still celebrated today. Choose one and write a short
description of it. lnclude:
• what the custom involves
• when and where it takes place
• who participates in it
• any training participants need
• if the event is promoted internationally

O Culture video:
Diwali

Unit 3
 e'i(?re.ssiWl'3 it'l-re.re.s-r,
stt-ris~ttc.-riot'l,
Practical English ttt'ld kO?e.

Reading, Listening, and Vocabulary Speaking

1 Read Rafi's profile. What diet is he doing and what 4 Imagine the Green Diet profile below is
does it involve? yours. Talk about your progress and express:
• your interest in the diet.
2 G) 1.25Listen to the conversation between Rafi and
• your satisfaction with your progress in each category.
his mom. Answer the questions.
• your hopes for the rest of the project.
Why has Rafi done so well in the "Getting around"
Use the functional language on page 41 to help you.
cateqory?
2 Which category did Rafi expect to find difficult?
3 Does he persuade his mom to join in?

3 G) 1.25Listen again and complete the

sentences. Who says each sentence,
Mom (M) or Rafi (R)?
1 1 ( ... )a lot better in certain a reas.
2 l'rn ( ... ) that score. Around the home Trash disposal
(turning lights (recycling,
3 ( ... ) you and Dad could go on the diet, too.
off, turning ta ps reusing)
4 l've (. .. ) counting the number oftimes ...
off, etc.) Getting around Shopping habits
5 1 (. .. ) give this sorne serious thought.
(using public (using local
transportation, bike shops, organic
riding, walking) shops, etc.)
Unit 3
5 Read the Language point. Complete the sentences Language in action
with the correct form of the words in parentheses. O Speaking preparation
Then decide if meaning a or bis used in each
sentence. 8 Talk about how you would like to reduce energy
at home or at school. Use the ideas below and
Language point ~ try to convince other students to do the same.
Hove something done
Use the functional language to express your
. . . have solar patiels itistalled. interest, satisfaction, and hope. Start again if
We use have + object + past participle to: communication fails.

a say that we asked someone to do something for us. • turn off electrical appliances when not in use
b talk about something unfortunate that happened to us. • start a vegeta ble garden

We use this structure in all tenses . • turn the tap off when brushing teeth
• get someone to repair old clothes
lt' d be great if we could all agree to switch off the
They (new lights/ put in) by an electrician yesterday.
lights it1 the classroom whet1 they're not tieeded.
2 Jan (her tablet / steal) twice this year.
But the lights aren't ot1 right tiow.
3 They (their solar panels / damage) in the storm last week.
What I meatit was that it1 getieral we should ...
4 The school (new science labs / not going to build)
next year.
O Language practice Functional language
6 Read the conversation. What is the cause of the Expressing interest and lack of it
misunderstanding? How does Rafi make his
l'm pretty / not at all interested in ... (+ -ing)
meaning clear?
. . . really fascinates me.
Rafi l'd love to have a bookshelf made, and these old
... doesn't appeal to me in the slightest.
wooden boxes have been here for ages. Do you
need them for anything? ... seems like a waste of time to me.

Dad No, you can throw them away if you like. Expressing satisfaction and disappointment
Rafi What I was trying to say was that l'd like to use the l'm really / not very pleased with ...
wood to have a bookshelf made. 1 could(n't) have done better .
l'm a little disappointed with .
7 Read the Speaking strategy and use the phrases to
l've given up ... (+ -ing)
complete the dialogues with a partner.
Expressing hope

i¡lf iG':il?f Btii· Starting over

lt'd be great if you could / would ...
1 really hope ...

Sometimes people dont understand what we're saying,

or they interpret it in another way. When communication 9 Watch the video to learn about the interview task in
fails, we can start over again using phrases such as: a speaking exam.
• What I was trying to say was that . . . • Let me rephrase that.
• Maybe I wasn't clear enough. • What / meant was that ...

A The amount of food that's thrown away each

year in the U.S. is really shocking.
B We definitely need to eat less.
A ( ... ) O Exam success video: lnterview task
2 A lt's amazing that so many people leave their O Dialogue practice
computers on stand by for so long.
B I know. l'd like to spend more time at my computer.
A (. .. ) Practica! English WB page 82 Unit 3
 It is generally accepted that we will not be able to use oil
and gas to power our homes forever. These energy forms
are contributing to pollution, and as a result, alternativa,
clean energy sources are goíng to be relied on more in the
futura. One of the most common alternative sources is
wind power, but does this solve our energy problems?
It is well known that wind energy is a clean energy
source. N ot only is it sustainable, but it is also cheap.
Furthermore, wind turbines perform reliably and are
adaptable; they are perfect for both the city and the
countryside. In countries such as Spain, more than
20 percent of electricity that is used is already generated
by wind turbines.
However, there are sorne dísadvantages. It is said that
wind turbines are ugly, and they can be noisy. Neither
their appearance nor the noise is appreciated by the
people who live nearby. El Andévalo, a wind farm in
Andalusia, Spain, has 151 78-meter-tall turbinas, which
have completely changad the landscape.
In conclusion, there are many advantages and
disadvantages of wind power, but in my opinion, we
should build more wind farms to help save ourselves,
1 Look at pictures A-D. What are the alternative energy our planet, and our futura.
sources? How common are they in your area?
;g:¿gt.fa

2 Read the essay. Which advantages and

disadvantages of wind power does it mention?

3 Write the correct option to complete the

sentences.

A mentions a few negative points about wind power.

B talks about the destruction ofthe countryside by
traditional energy sources.
4 The conclusion ...
A explains what most people think.
B gives the writer's opinions.

Unit 3
 4 Read the Language point and find two more Focus on writing Conjunctions
verbs in the essay that we use to be neutral. .
1 Language point
6 Read the serrtEtnces complete the rules .
..
" lt is said that ... Not only is it sustait1able, but it is atso clleap.
• lt is said tllat wit1d turbit1es are ugly. Wit1d et1ergy is perrect for both the city a1:1d tlle countryside.
Neitller tlleir appearance nor tlle t1oisé is appreciated.
We use sorne verbs (e.g. believe, soy, think) in the
Eitller we accept tlle disadvatftages,of wit1d power, or we rut1 out
1 passive after lt is, to make what we say or write
of oil and gas.
sound neutral.
1 (. .. ) and nor join two negative ideas.
2 Either and ( ... ) talk about a choice between two people,
things, situations, etc.
3 ( ... )introduces an argument and but ... a/so introduces
another one. ·"
4 ( ... ) and and show that two people, things, situations, etc.,
are'included in something. :

7 Match 1-4 to A-D to make sentences.

Not only is he in colleqe, A and science to become
2 You need to study an engineer.
both math B or we stay home.
-<
3 Neither Sue C but he also has a job.
4 Either we go to the movies D nor Frank can play ten nis.

Writing task
O Writing preparation
8 Write an opinion essay about one of the following tapies.
• the use of electric buses in your town
• the installation of solar panels at your school
• the use of kinetic energy to power street lights in your town

Paragraph 1: Explain what the current situation is.

lt is generally accepted that ...
Paragraph 2: Present arguments in favor ofthe topic.
lt is well kt1owt1 tllat ... Not only ... , but also ...
Paragraph 3: Present arguments against the topic.
Rewrite the sentences using /t is + past
l-lowever, rhere are some disadvantages to ...
participle + that with the underlined verbs.
lt is said tllat ...
1 They think that the wireless device doesn't work. Paragraph 4: Conclude by saying what choices we have
2 People believe that the city council is going to and give your opinion.
build a huge solar farm. lt1 cot1clusiot1, eitller ... or ... lt1 my opit1iot1 ...
3 People accept that there are problems in the
local community.
4 They ~ that it will be hot this summer.
5 People know well that we should recycle things.
O Language practice
 Group speaking project:
A motion to debate
• GJJ§ Listen again. Write the phrases from the Useful
Choose a motion for a class debate. One team will language box in the arder you hear them.
support the motion and the other will be against it.
In your team, research the topic and prepare your
arguments or questions. Take part in the debate
Useful language
and express your opinions. Vote on the motion. Starting a debate
A On my right, for the motion, ...
B Before introducing today's motion, ...
lf hl• Listen to the beginning of a debate C Welcome to our debate.
• G 1.26 Listen. Complete the diagram with the words in D lf we are ali ready, let's begin: we believe
the box. that ...
E On my left, against the motion ...
chairperson floor l" speakers against l" speakers for
F Finally, will summarize the arguments ...
2nd speakers against 2nd speakers for summary against
summary for timer G I call on .

lfhi'-1 Listen to arguments in a debate

• G 1.27 Listen to the first speakers. Copy and complete
the notes.

in favor of a9ainst
the motion íhe motion
evídence 'i:ltafü,til5 5how Svide.nle. provee
that (1) that (~)
anal1sis Our 9e.ne.ration ha5 'i:lolie.t'j e.'1-pe.d5
becorne (~) ('i)

conduelen lt wou\d 9ive. Mo5t te.e.na9e.r5

U$(~) wou\d (~)

• G-1.2~ Listen again. Which of the phrases from the

Useful language box do you hear?

Useful language
Taking part in a debate
A We feel strongly that ...
Welcome and rules: Chairperson two minutes
B We are very much in favor of ...
1 st speakers for two minutes
C lt's our belief that ...
1 st speakers against two minutes
D To conclude, we have said ...
·,,, 2nd speakers for two minutes
E l'm afraid we can't agree with .
2nd speakers against two minutes F The motion must fail beca use .
,1. Questions from the floor three minutes G While we agree that ...
Summary against two minutes H The first point we would like to mention is ...
Summary for two minutes 1 To sum up, we feel that ...
•l'l Vote on the motion three minutes

Project 1
 Remember!
• A debate is notan argument. The participants should
always be polite to one another and use the correct
formal expressions. When you respond to a speaker's
contribution, you should focus on the points they have
made and nothing else.
Check!
• Make sure that you use good sources to get accurate
information. Use facts and examples to support your
opinions.
• Prepare enough material far the time you have.
• When presenting arguments, be clear. Make sure your
thoughts are logical and easy to follow.

lfh#• Choose a motion to debate

• Discuss these motions and choose one far your debate. lfhJ=I Have the debate
• The chairperson should introduce the speakers, the rules,
Modarn tachnology has and the motion.
It's wrong for
mada family lila much • The 1 stand 2nd speakers should then present their
consumers to buy
battar. goods made by arguments. Each speaker gives reasons to support their
point and tries to respond to what the speakers on the
people wor.king in
other team have said. The timer should limit the amount of
We should ban ali bad conditions in time they have to speak.
forms of advertising other countries.
aimed at children. • The other speakers and floor members should make notes
so that they can respond effectively.

We.. t1.e..e..d a t1.e..w law wnidi. +orc.e..s
all e..t1.e..rqt:1 c.0M?at1.ie..s ..f-o use.. ot1.lt:1
sus..f-ait1.able.. +orns o+ e..t1.e..rqt:1-
• The members of the floor ask questions and make points.
• The summarizers respond to what the members of the
other team and the floor have said, and remind people
of their team's position. They should finish by saying why

lf (11)• Organize your teams for the debate

people should agree with them.

• Choose a chairperson anda timer.

• Form two teams. One team will support the motion and
Useful language
one will be against it. Questions from the floor
Are you aware ... ?
• Within your teams, decide on the roles that each person in
the team will take: Do you (not) agree ?
Two pt speakers Two summarizers Would you say that ?
Two 2nd speakers Floor members

lfhi-) Research and prepare your arguments lfhD Vote on the motion
• Research the tapie in your teams. Use the information you • The chairperson asks the whole
find to support your argument. Analyze the arguments and class to vote far or against the
come to a conclusion. motion, orto abstain. He/ She
then gives the result and
• Use your research to plan your arguments. Decide on the
clases the debate.
arder of the arguments. Agree on the exact content of
each one.
1 f h I=• Project evaluation
• Each speaker needs to then prepare their argument far the
• Listen to the arguments.
debate. Look at the agenda on page 44 far the arder and
time available. • Which ones worked best?
Why?
• lf you are a floor member, research your tapie and think of
good questions to ask or points to make. • Write down ideas to use
in your next debate.
• Practice as a team and help each other.

Project 1
 21 st Century Skills
-
What's up?

1 Read the article. Why does the writer think the jobs
of 2030 will be different from the jobs of today?

Get involved

2 Read the article again and answer the questions. JOB: Recycling engineer
What will recycling engineers use to create new DESCRIPTION: Recycling
machines? engineers will find a use for our
garbage, such as creating new
2 What skills will a recycling engineer need? machines from old ones.
3 Why does the writer think the moon will be a good
SKILLS AND EDUCATION:
place to farm?
• creative and good at problem solving
4 What qualifications will a moon farmer need?
• a degree in Engineering
5 Why will people need robot advisers?
6 Why might a robot adviser need a degree in JOB: Moon farmer
psycholoqy? DESCRIPTION: We will need to
provide food for the growing

•;ffli®'i number of people on Earth, so

there will be farms on the moon,
3 Read the Reflect box. Then match these current where there is lots of free space
The farms will be safely inside
trends (1-3) to the future jobs in the article from
buildings and will use solar power
exercise 1.
SKILLS AND EDUCATION:
1 The world's population continues to increase.
• knowledge of new farming technology
2 People want technology to do everyday jobs for us.
• a degree in Life Sciences
3 There is too much waste and we are damaging the
environment. JOB: Robot adviser
DESCRIPTION: Robots will be
Predicting change used for many purposes: cleaning,
teaching children, or even being a
We can look at current trends in technology and society to predi et friend. Robot advisers will help
change in the future. Predicting the jobs of the future allows us to you select the best robot for
plan and prepare for those jobs. your needs.

SKILLS AND EDUCATION:

• good social skills and knowledge of robot technology
Get thinking
• a degree in Psychology

4 Work in groups. Look at the current trends (1-5) and

make a list of jobs that we might need in 2030.
1 The air is getting more polluted.
2 Technology is u sed more frequently in classrooms.
3 People use the Internet to comrnít crimes.
4 People are interested in space tourism.
5 People are doing more shopping online.
Put it together
5 In your groups, create a job advertisement for a job
that might be needed in 2030. Follow the instructions.
1 Choose one of the jobs from your list in exercise 4.
2 Write a description of the job and why it might be
needed.
3 Add the skills and education that are needed for the job.
4 Present your job advertisement to the class.

Unit 3
In this unit, we
• discuss how to stay happy and healthy
• ask for and give advice
• write a blog

Warmtlp
Warm-up
Vocabulary
O Vocabulary presentation
3 Watch the video.
O Warm-up video
' '
1 Read the responses to the question. Who do you agree with?

2 Choose the correct option and complete the sentences

so they are true for you. Then discuss your answers.
When l'm sad I cheer up / face up to by ...
2 The best way to work out/ chi/1 out at the gym is .
3 When l'm stressed out, 1 cut down / calm down by .
4 The person I open up / slow down to most often is .
O Vocabulary practice

When I want to cheer up Well, 1 think vou're happy if

1 go and do something you have friends. lf you can
physical! 1 go running or open up to people instead
work out at the gym. lf l'rn of keeping all your
stressed out, exercise troubles to yourself, you
helps me to calm down can face up to anything.
and always puts a smile
back on my face.
How do I stay happy? Well, 1 take things slowly!
lf you slow down and stop running around, you
have time to appreciate things more! There's no
need to cut down on all the fun things in lite ...
just do them one ata time!

l'm always happy,

but that's beca use
1 know how to chill
out! Music does it
forme ... 1 take my
headphones with me
wherever I go.
 Tt.dkittq ~bou-r
c.ottd i-r iottS

Reading and Vocabulary 3 Read the blog again. Match the comments people
left to blog entries A-D. You can use sorne entries
1 G 1.28 Read and listen to the blog. How do these more than once.
colors affect people? lt certainly is! My dad decided to eat all his meals on
blue plates, and he lost two kilos!
1 blue green pink red yellow 1
2 My walls are the same color as grass, but I haven't had
any problems doing homework in my room.
2 Read the Learn 3 That isn't true, because my team wears yellow, and last
it! box. Then find Common error year we won the cup.
five phrasal verbs 4 Great idea! l'rn going to follow your example and bring
Transitive verbs take a direct object.
in the blog. Are a little happiness into the office!
lntransitive verbs don't take a direct object.
they transitive or 5 lf you mixed blue and green, you'd never get out of bedl
intransitive? Transitive: 1 switched the TV off.
6 lt isn't just in schools. lt's also used in fast-food
lntransitive: 1 got up at 7:00 a.m.
restaurants to make you
eat quickly and leave.

5 l'rn a teacher, l'rn going to paint my bedroom, We wentto a

and l'm really so l've done sorne research into 40 really cool
interested in color colors. My favorite color, green, "Food and
psychology. 1 try 25 is used in places like hospitals, color"
to wear colors to calm anxious people down exhibition at
10 which influence and make them relax. So, unless 1 the museum
students positively. When 1 want to chill out instead of study, 45 yesterday, and
want my students to open up, 1'II have to think again. Experts l learned lots. Apparently, if you
1 wear yellow. Yellow also 30 say that blue is the perfect color gave someone blue bread, they
makes grumpy students more for both studying and relaxing. 1 probably wouldn't eat it. Why?
15 cheerful -they smile more think 1'1I choose Well, there isn't much blue food in
when I wear it! However, 1 wear th at, b ut 1'11 50 stores and restaurants, and when
red when I want a more dynamic use light blue, we do see it, it is usually beca use
mood. Hallways in sorne 35 because dark the food is bad. You won't feel so
American schools are painted blue can make hungry if you puta blue light in
20 red so students walk faster and a room feel cold your fridge! That could be a good
getto class on time! and small. 55 way to cut down on food.
4 Replace the words in italics with the 6 Complete the sentences with the correct first
highlighted words from the blog. conditional form of the verbs.

1 feel very nervous when I see

be late feel more awake not be hungry pass the test
a frog.
2 Andy seems very tired 1 Unless you hurry up, we ... for school.
today.
2 What subjects will Tom study next year if he ... ?
3 We felt pretty happy
3 lf we walk to school, we when we arrive.
until we heard the
4 lf you eat that cake, you at dinner time.
terrible news.
4 Katie is energetic and gets things Recycle -4 ------------.
done quickly. I' d apologize if I were you.
5 Luke was in abad mood yesterday.
In the second conditional, we can also use were instead of
O Vocabulary practice was after / and he/ she.

Grammar The first and second conditional
O Grammar presentation
5 Read the sentences and answer the questions.
A You won't feel so hungry if you puta blue light in your fridge.
B Utiless I want to chill out instead of study, 1'11 have to
think again.
C lf you gave someone blue bread, they probably wouldn't eat it.
Which sentences are in the first conditional and
which are in the second conditional?
2 Which tenses do we use in the first conditional and
which do we use in the second conditional?
3 Which conditional sentences talk about possible
future situations and which talk about imaginary
situations?
4 Which word can we use instead of if not?
5 What do you notice about the use of
commas in conditional sentences?
Our new basketball coach has sorne
funny ideas! First, he wanted to
paint the opponents' locker room
pink. Apparently, sorne professional
60 sports teams do this beca use pink slows people down
and makes them a little sleepy ! The club agreed to
that, but they didn't agree to his next idea: changing
the club colors from yellow to red. According to a
magazine article, we would win more often if we wore
65 red. Studies show that teams in red win more games,
and they get more positive decisions from referees!
7 Complete the sentences with the correct second
conditional form of the verbs.
( ... ) we (feel) more relaxed if we (paint) the living room
a different color?
2 Carla (help) us if she (be) here.
3 lf 1 (get) a part-time job, 1 (not see) my friends very often.
8 Complete the sentences with the correct first and
second conditional form of the verbs.
1 be do have look not use 1
Harry l've decided that I need to paint my bedroom.
Amelía Why? What's wrong with it? l'd be really happy if
1 (l) a bedroom like yours.
Harry I think the walls are too dark. Unless 1 (2)
something soon, it'II start to get me down! What
colors wou Id you use if you (3) me?
Amelía Well, if you (4) on the Internet, you'II find lots of
information on how colors can improve your
room and your mood. lf I were you, 1 (~) red,
beca use you'd never be a ble to chill out!
Language in action
9 Complete the sentences with your
own ideas about colors.
lf I decorated my bedroom, ...
lf I designed the school sports uniforms, ...
lf I had to paint the school, ...
lf I decorated my bedroom, I' d choose yellow
becaase it cheers me up.
10 Discuss your ideas. Can you persuade
other students to agree with you?

Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 97


Sports injuries
Reading, Vocabulary,
and Listening
O Vocabulary presentation
1 Read the web page and look at the
pictures. Have you ever suffered with any
of the highlighted problems? Which tips
do you think are most useful?
O Vocabulary practice
O Listening preparation
2 G 1.29 Listen to the podcast. Where did
the two sports stars get injured and what
were their injuries?
3 G 1.29 Listen again and answer
the questions.
How many hours do most professional
sportspeople spend training every day?
2 Why, apart from improving fitness, do
professional sportspeople train?
3 What was Kim Clijsters doing when she
got injured?
4 What did she miss beca use of her injury?
5 What was Steve Morrow doing when he
got injured?
4 G 1.29 Listen again. Which of these
sentences do you hear in the podcast?
Which are for agreeing and which are
for disagreeing?
O Language practice
Functional language
Agreeing and disagreeing
Definitely / Exactly! /
1 don't think that's possible. /
l'm not convinced about that. /
l'm not so sure about that! /
1 know what you mean./
That's impossible. / That's right.
Unit 4
T~tkit<1.q ~bo~.f-
?~s.f- cot<1.di.f-iot<1.S
t
~
Are you feeling stressed out by all the essays
and tests? Then come and work out at the
college gym, or join one of our sports teams.
Research shows that sports make you
happier, healthier, fitter, and improve
concentration. Follow our simple tips to
achieve great results and avoid these
typical injuries and problems:
Do lots of stretching befare and after
exercise, to avoid aching muscles.
2 Lift the right weights far your body strength,
to avoid a sore back or ~tiff neck .
3 Wear the right faotwear far your sport, to
avoid swollen ankles .
4 Do exercises to improve your balance and
coordination. This should help
you avoid serious injuries such as
dislocated shoulders and broken legs .
5 Learn the right techniques in racket
sports, to avoid a sprained wrist. .
6 Wear protectrve equiprnent. to avoid
•iJf{fN§IJ!4~ ~
bruised knees and cuts. Kim Clijsters won
7 Shower and dry yourself immediately a number of Grand
after doing sports, to avoid itchy skin. Slam titles. What is a
Grand Slam title and
8 Check the ingredients of any cream
how many are there
or medicine you use far sports injuries,
each year?
as they can cause allergic reactions.

Grammar The third conditional
O Grammar presentation
5 Read sentences A-C. Then write the correct option to
complete the rules.
A lf they had k11ow11 about the eo11seque11ees of their aetio11s,
they would've ehose11 to do thi11gs differe11tly!
B She would11't have missed a Gra11d Slam tour11ame11t if she
had11 't da11eed.
C What would you have do11e if you had bee11 Morrow?
We use the third conditional to imagine a different
post/ ptesent.
2 1 n the if-clause, we use thesimple post/ post perfect.
3 We use would hove/ wi/1 hove+ base form in the
other clause.
4 The if-clause olwoys / sometimes comes first.
5 We only use a comma when the if-clause comes
first / second.
7 Rewrite the sentences using the third conditional.
Rico broke his leg. He didn't play in the final.
lf Rieo had11't broke11 his leg, he would have played i11 the fi11al.
1 Kailash dislocated his shoulder in the game. He missed
school for a few days.
2 Amy didn't recover from her injury. She didn't run in
the marathon.
3 Lucy trained hard all summer. The coach chose her for
the team.
4 Nick wore new sneakers. He had sore feet after the
game.
8 Complete the text with the correct third conditional
form of the verbs in parentheses.

6 Complete the sentences with the correct third

conditional form of the verbs in parentheses. Then
match the na mes to the descriptions.

Lionel Messi Michael Jordan

Miguel lndurain
lf Claire Lomas (1 not have) a horseback riding accident at
the age of 27, she (2 not lose) the use of her legs. But
Claire didn't let her injury get her down. She decided to
take part in the London Marathon. Claire used special
robotic legs and finished the marathon in seventeen days!
lf she (3 use) a specially designed wheelchair, it (4 be)
easier. Her body was aching and sore when she finished,
but she (5 not collect) $320,000 for medical research if she
(6 not do) it. Claire later did a 650-kilometer charity bike
ride across England on a special bike.

lf he/ she (not move) to Spain for special medical

O Grammar practice
treatment when he/ she was 11, maybe he/ she
(not win) so many FIFA Golden Ball awards. Language in action
2 lf he/ she (not start) playing ten nis with his / her sister
9 Write a short text about a sportsperson that you
at the age of four, ... he/ she (become) the world's
admire. Say what they have done and what they
number one player?
would / wouldn't have done if their situation had
3 The NBA (never choose) him / her as the greatest been different. Use exercises 6-8 as models.
basketball player of all time if he/ she (listen) to people
who said that he/ she was too short for the game.
4 Maybe he/ she (not win) the Tour de France five times
if his / her father (not buy) a racing bicycle.

Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 97 Unit 4

 &rtu:1i~q ke,~l-t"kt1
Around the world i~ ~ c.old c.li~-t"e,

1 One third of Canada lies within the Arctic Circle,

and much of the land is permanently frozen.
Reading and Vocabulary 11 Although it lies south of the Arctic Circle, the city of
Winnipeg occasionally experiences freezing winters
1 G) 1.30 Read and listen to the article. Which of the 5 with temperatures of -S0ºC - lower than they
following topics are mentioned? sometimes are on Mars! So what do Winnipeggers
do to stay happy and healthy during the winter?
accidents clothing entertainment food
houses schools sickness sports transportation

2 Read the article again. Are the sentences true,

false, or not in the text? Justify your answers and
correct any false sentences.
Skin freezes very quickly if the temperature is very low.
2 Unless temperatures drop below -25ºC, most students
go outside between their classes.
3 Generally, life qoes on as normal unless there is a
snowstorm.
4 There are lots of indoor activities for Winnipeggers to
do when it's really cold.
5 lf you want to play spongee, go to any Canadian city.
6 Winnipeggers only use the Skywalk if they go out
in winter.
Keeping warm
Extremely low temperatures can cause the skin
O Reading extension to freeze after only a few minutes, so when
3 Read the Language point. Then look again at the 10 the thermometer reaches -S0ºC, the people of
sentences in exercise 2. Which two words can we use Winnipeg need to be extra cautious. Several layers
instead of if?
of clothing are necessary, with thermal underwear
next to their bodies and a thick parka on the
Language point p- outside; air gets trapped between the layers and
The zero conditional 15 keeps them warm. It is also essential that they
... it is11 't so great if you slip a11d e11d up with a broke11 bo11e. keep their heads, hands, and feet covered, as these
are the parts of the body that lose heat most easily.
When we want to talk about the result of something that is But wrapping up warm is not the only important
always true, we use the zero conditional. thing. They also make sure that they have plenty
20 of hot food and drink, and of course they keep
O Language practice active, which brings us to the next point ...

Unit 4 O Critical thinking

 4 Write the correct option to complete the definitions of the
highlighted words.
A thermometer measures A rainfall. B temperature. C wind.
2 Thermal underwear keeps you A cool. B freezing. C warm.
3 A parka is a type of A coat. B footwear. C skirt.
4 lf you wear layers of clothing, you could wear A a dress only.
B a vest, a shirt, anda sweater.Ca sweater anda pair of pants.
5 Snow boots stop you from A slipping. B surviving. C walking.
6 An avalanche occurs when A it rains. B people fall over on the

Staving lit and healthv ice. C snow and ice fall.

Sitting around doing nothing is never a O Vocabulary practice

good way to stay fit, but if its freezing,
it's even more important to keep your Word builder Adjective suffixes
25 body moving. Although most schools
in Winnipeg cancel outdoor breaks at 5 Find the adjective forms of these nouns and verbs in the article.
around-25ºC, for much of the time Then use them to complete the sentences.
sports and exercise continue as normal -
even when there is a snowstorm or access (n) caution (n) nation (n) norm (n) sense (n) vary (v)
30 freezing fog. There are various activities
that Winnipeggers can choose from, There are (. .. ) ways you can keep warm. Try a few of them.
including skating on the world's longest 2 The facilities are not (. .. ) to students. Do not enter.
ice skating trail at Toe Forks, participating 3 Be( ... ) when you walk on ice. Otherwise you'II fall.
in the national sport of hockey, or 4 What is the ( ... )sport in your country?
35 playing a variation called spongee,
5 Wearing thermal underwear is a very (. .. ) idea when it's
which is unique to the city. It is similar
freezing - you'd be silly not to.
to hockey except that the players run on
6 lt's ( ... )to feel nervous when you first skate on the ice -
the ice wearing shoes instead of skates!
everyone feels that way!
Avoiding iniurv O Vocabulary practice
Doing winter sports may be fun, but it
40 isn't so great if you slip and end up with Language in action
a broken bone. Winnipeggers avoid
accidents when they are out and about 6 Imagine you go on a winter vacation with your family every
in a number of ways. First of all, when year, Use the prompts to discuss the things you take with you
they go out ... they stay in! They use the and what you do when you are there. Use the zero conditional
45 Skywalk, which is a network ofheated and vocabulary from this page.
walkways and tunnels connecting
several kilometers of stores, offices, and • When we (go skiing / go hiking), we always (pack parkas / wear
places of entertainment. But even thermal underwear).
when they really go out, they make • lf we go (out in the evening / outside / back to the hotel), we
50 sure they wear sensible snow boots (travel by car/ wear lots of layers / sit by the fire).
to avoid slipping. They also stay away • Unless it's (absolutely freezing), we (go skiing / go far a walk /
from places where there could be go shopping) every day.
an avalanche . And when the worst
happens, first-aid kits are
55 accessible in many places. O Culture video:
Vancouver
So how do Winnipeggers
survive the winters? Toe
answer is they are always
prepared, and they have
60 adapted perfectly to
the cold climate.
Unit4 •
 Askit'.q ~or ~ttd
Practical English qiVit'.q MVicL

Reading and Speaking Listening and Vocabulary

1 Read the guide to test success and discuss the tips.
Which tips do you use when you are studying for
tests? Add one more.
2 Q) 1.31 Listen to the conversation. Which of the tips
are discussed?
3 Q) 1.31 Listen to the conversation again. Complete
the sentences.
My advice ( ... )to study for half an hour.
2 You (. .. )stop studying at least an hour before bedtime.
3 Have you ( ... ) listening to sorne quiet mu sic?
4 lf 1 ( ... ) you, 1 ( ... )a hot drink.
5 You (. .. ) just take a hot bath.

4 Give advice about one of the following tapies.

Use the phrases from exercise 3 and the functional
language box.

balancing work and play eating healthily

getting a good night's sleep staying safe on the Internet

5 Q) 1.32 Listen to the phrases. Which syllables have

strong stress and which have weak stress? Listen
again and repeat the phrases.

Sentence stress
What should Ido to get fit?
lf I were you, l'd get sorne sleep.
IJ First of all, it's important to remember to eat well. What would you do if you passed your tests?
Keep away from sweet snacks, and eat nutritious food My advice would be to eat lots of vegeta bles.
that can actually help you to remember things. Fish,
walnuts, and eggs are good examples. It's even more
important to drink plenty of water - if you don't, your
memory won't work properly.
Don't bum the candle at both ends. If you're exhausted
when you take the test, all your hard work will be
wasted. Make sure you get at least seven hours of sleep
every night.
Scientists have proved that taking regular breaks really
helps your brain to memorize things, and if you do
sorne physical exercise, too, you will remember
facts even more easily. So do a few stretches or
even a crazy dance routine between study sessions.
IIJ Last but not least ... don't stress about your stress! It's
· normal. Sometimes, it can even help you to be successful.
6 CD 1.33DICTATION Listen and write the four
sentences you hear. Then match the sentences to Functional language
these words.
Asking for advice
1 caffeine cocoa fish sleep 1 What do you think I should do?
What would you do if you were me?
7 Read the Speaking strategy and use the phrases to Would you suggest ... ? (+ -ing)
describe the words in the box. Giving advice
lf you ... , you will ... (+ base form)
lf I were you, l'd ... ( + base form)
My advice would be to ... (+ base form)
lf you can't remember the exact word you want to use, Make sure you ... (+ base form)
find a different way to express it so you can keep talking. Have you thought about ... ? (+ -ing)
• Explain the word, using simpler words if necessary: You could ... (+ base form)
lt's a kind of ... You should / shouldn't ... (+ base form)
• Use comparisons and opposites: lt's similar to ... / You ought to ... (+ base form)
lt's the opposite of ...
• Describe what it does: lt's something that ... /
lt's what you do when ... 9 Watch the video to learn about the interactive task in
1 bum dance snack stretches 1 a speaking exam.

Language in action
O Speaking preparation
8 Choose one of the situations and ask for and give
advice. Use the functional language box to help
you. Paraphrase when you can't think of the O Exam success video: lnteractive task
exact words.
O Dialogue practice
You want to take ayear off to travel and work befare
you go to college. You aren't sure what to do during What should Ido ... ? lf I were you, ...
your year off. Ask for advice about things to do, places
to go, where to stay, and what kind of work to look for.
2 You want to get fit. Ask for tips about health, diet,
and exercise.
Then paraphrase the advice you were given to
Would you suggest ... ? You could ...
explain it to the class.
Week 1: Friday, May 26
l've just joined the Urban Farmers, a
group of young people who believe
in creating a beautiful green space
in the middle of gray concrete cities.
I volunteer at an urban farm one
afternoon a week. If only Id heard
about this earlier! The people there
are really friendly, and the farm is
a great place for chilling out after a
busy day at school. I spent the first
afternoon planting vegetables, which
was good fon, but now I have
sore kneesl
Week 2: Friday, June 2
I worked with a group of young kids
this afternoon. We started by feeding
the animals - there are chickens,
sheep, and two cows. The experience
really helped the kids to open up,
and they enjoyed themselves a lot.
Later we moved all the materials and
tools for planting vegetables. Now
I'm really tired! I wish I was fit! Well,
1'11 be in good shape soon!
Week 3: Friday, June 9
The kids were very excited this
afternoon, so we calmed them
down by feeding them instead of
the animals! We made omelets
with eggs from the farm's chickens
and vegetables from the farm. The
kids thought that was cool! Urban
Farmers believe that if you teach
kids where their food comes from,
they'll respect animals and the
environment and eat more healthily.
I couldn't agree-ñiore,!

Model text Read the blog again. Answer the questions

with Week 1, Week 2, or Week 3. In which blog
1 Read the blog. Which benefits entry / entries does the blogger talk about ... ?
does the blogger mention? 1 eating
1 She gets more exercise. 2 a painful part of her body
2 She eats a balanced diet. 3 the organization's beliefs
3 She is in a relaxing place. 4 the a rea around her place of work
4 She has no responsibilities. 5 the children's emotions
5 She meets nice people. 6 her physical condition
6 She does something useful.
3 Would you consider visiting an urban farm?
Justify your answer.
Unit 4
4 Read the Language point and
look at the picture. Write lf only /
I wish sentences about the boy's
regrets. Use the correct tense.
Language point ~
lf only and / wish
lf only I had heard about them earlier!
1 wish I was fit!
We use ifonly and / wish to talk
about regrets. We use the past perfect
for past regrets and the simple past for
present regrets.
2 1 don't eat enough fruit and
vegeta bles.
3 1 hadan argument with my best
friend last week.
4 1 have to walk to school every day.
5 1 didn't feed the anima Is.
1 don't sleep very well.
O Language practice
Focus on writing Formal and informal English
5 Is the bloq written in formal or informal English? Justify your answer.
6 Which of the features can you find examples of in the blog?
active verbs first person narrative {/, we) colloquial words
short forms (!'ve) long forms (/ have) passive verbs phrasal verbs
third person narrative (they, people) furthermore, however and, but, a/so
7 Copy and complete the table with the items from exercise 6.
Less common in blogs More common in blogs
active verb forms
8 Rewrite the
underlined words
Day 4: Friday, June 16
and expressions in (O I have) decided to review my first month at the
the blog entry in urban farm. Ifl (I was not) an urban farmer, I
informal English. (2 would not) know how to plant and grow vegetables.
(3 Furthermore), (4 I have) met sorne great people
O l've
here and really enjoy working with the (5 children).
Toe big city sometimes gets me down, but working
with the Urban Farmers ( 6 makes me happier) !
Writing task
9 Write a blog about a free-time activity and its benefits. Choose
an activity that you have taken up recently, or invent one.
Day 1: Tell readers what activity you have taken up. Say what the
people are like and where you do it. Mention something about your
first experience of the activity.
l've just joined / taken up ...
/ spent the first day / elass / session + -ing
Day 2: Give more details about what you do. Talk about the
reactions the activity produces in you and other people. Explain
how you feel when you finish the activity, and mention any changes
that it might produce in you.
The experience really ...
Well, 1'11 be ... soon!
Day 3: Talk about another experience you had, and describe the
things that you have learned. Mention any objectives that the free-
time activity has, and give your opinion.
. • • believe that if you ...
 21 st Century Skills

What's up? •;Qi@i

1 Read the chat between Scott and Caleb. What do they 3 Read and complete the Reflect box with the words below.
disagree about?
facts opinions reliable who why

Scott
l've just read an amazing article. Apparently, taking a
multivitamin every day can make you more intelligent. You
can read it here: www.healthnewsvitamins.fus
Caleb
Um, Scott, l'm not sure that's true. This article here
completely disagrees: www.webvitaminstruth.coms
Get involved
2 Look at the articles below. Which article do you think
Scott and Caleb read? Why?
9:08
Evaluating news
When we look at these sources of information, it's important to
9:10
think critically and consider if the information is reliable and
objective. Think about:
A (. .. ) wrote the article
B ( ... ) he/ she has written the article
C if the website or source of information is (. .. )
D if the writer is giving facts or (. .. )
E if any ( ... ) given are correct

Get thinking

Medica/ Guide healthy choices 4 Read the Reflect box again and match A-E to the
practica! instructions 1-5 below.
1 Health news - Ask yourself if the writer is talking about his / her own
opinions or experiences.
Vitamins: Facts and Myths
2 Search the Internet for similar information and
by Dr. Hector Munro, M.O.
compare the information. Are the facts the same?
We all need vitamins and minerals

1
in small quantities to help our 3 Check if the website is an official, respected website.
bodies work. However, the majority Look for things like strange web addresses.
of people get the vitamins they 4 Look at the writer's name. Is he/ she an expert?
need from a varied and balanced diet. lt's true that sorne lfyou aren't sure, search for his / her name online.
people may need to take extra vitamins for their health,
but the powers of vitamins are often exaggerated. In this 5 Look at the information in the text. Is the writer trying
article, we'll look at sorne of the facts and myths about to inform or convince you? Why?
vitamins.

Vitamins can make you more intelligent! Put it together

by Daisy Smith
5 In groups, follow the stages in the Reflect box and
Everyone who reads my blog knows that I love vitamins,
evaluate the articles in exercise 2. Which article is
but did you know that vitamins can make you more
more reliable? Present your ideas to the class.
intelligent? Recent studies have
shown that 82% of people are 10%
more intelligent when they take a
multivitamin once a day. Think about
your next big exam, important
meeting, or interview. What could
you achieve if you took a multivitamin
every day?

Unit 4
 In this unit, we
• discuss society and customs
• make suggestions and express certainty and doubt
• write announcements

Warm-up 3 Watch the video.

O Warm-up video
Vocabulary
O Vocabulary presentation ~
~ '1
1 Read the survey and answer the questions
so they are true for you.
Warmtlp
2 What are your favorite websites right
now? How do you use them? Use the
words in bold from the survey to explain.
O Vocabulary practice

Have you ever ... ?

• hosted a blog
• launched a website
• edited an online article
• uploaded a video to the Internet
How many times do you ... every day?
• access e-mails on your phone
• comment on people's pictures
• respond to people's comments on your posts
• log on to a social networking site
How many ... ?
• social network sites are you registered with
• favorite sites have you bookmarked
• pictures do you transfer from your phone to your
computer each week
• friends do you network with every day
 A changing community
By Anna Rodgers • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
1 When my young niece asked me what "comrnunity"
meant, it seemed simple to explain, but then I started
thinking about it. Originally, the people living in
your village were your community. The growth of
5 cities changed that as people moved around more.
Toen, when people had more free time, they became
members of multiple communities: sports clubs,
social clubs, their new neighborhoods, and their
original villages. Today, though, communities
10 have gone global , with people registering for an
amazing number of online communities. But are these
communities "real"? I decided to find out by talking
to people who are members of online communities ...
40
Reading and Vocabulary
O Reading preparation
1 G 2.01 Read and listen to the article. Summarize the
history of communities in your own words.
2 Read the article again. Complete the sentences in
your own words.
Changes in society mean that people belong to(. .. ).
2 Jessie's online community is ideal far people who ( ) .
3 Far Jessie, the advantage of virtual friends is that ( ) .
4 "WriteHere" is far people who want to( ... ).
5 The people on "WriteHere" discuss tapies(. .. ).
6 Anna's conclusion is that ( ... ) .
[essie is one of the 94 percent of online community
users who log on to learn new things. Eighty percent
also say they want to help others and share things, and
thats what my next interview highlighted.
3 Complete the sentences with the highlighted words. 6 Correct the mistakes.
1 prefer talking to people (. .. )to see their reactions. 1 You're Harry's sister, don't you? ,e
2 The company launched a website with ( ... ) appeal. 2 Who you speak to at the party yesterday? ,e
People all over the world love itl 3 Maria didn't call while I was out, didn't she? ,C
3 l've edited ( ... ) blog posts today- at least seven of them. 4 What for is this new rnachine? ,e
4 There's a (. .. ) library on the website; you can find 5 What did happen at the end of the story? ,C
thousands of e-books on it. 6 Which bus does go downtown? ,C
O Vocabulary practice
7 Rewrite the sentences as questions starting with the
4 Read the Learn it! box and translate the sentences word in bold.
into your language.
Samantha is famous for setting upa website. What
What is ~amantha famous for?
Confusing words 1 Andy is asking about a new computer. What
Actual/y emphasizes a factor comment. 2 The group was relying on Osear. Who
Currently refers to present time. 3 Lily was pleased with her test results. What
4 Ben used to be afraid of dogs. What
1 don't actually like cake. 5 Chloe was speaking to her sister. Who
2 1 am currently doing research for an essay.
8 Write the correct option to complete
the dialogue.
Grammar Question forms
Luke You've never registered for an
O Grammar presentation online community, (1 have /
5 Read the sentences and answer the questions haven't) you?
in the box. Jade Of course I have. l'm a member
of one.
A Who is the síte aimed at?
Luke Which one (2 you / do you) use?
B You don't actually mean mayot1t1aise, do you?
Jade lt's about motorcycles. 1 enjoy
C Who uses the site?
networking with bike lovers.
D That's what blogs are for, isn't it?
Luke What do the members talk (3 about / of)?
E What do peopte write about?
Jade Anything connected with motorcycles.
Which examples use tag questions? Luke What sort of bikes are you interested (4 on / in)?
2 Which are examples of object questions? Jade Racing bikes are my favorite.
3 Which is an example of a subject question? Luke You hosted a blog once, (5 didn't / did) you?
4 Which examples end with a preposition? Jade Yes, 1 did. lt was about the MotoGP I edited
comments and uploaded videos to the blog.
Luke What (6 did happen / happened) to it7
Recycle ..,..1-----,
• Jade I had to stop doing it beca use it was too
Who called vou last t1ight? much work.

In subject questions, we O Grammar practice

don't use do/ did.
Language in action
9 Ask and answer questions about each other's
experiences with blogs, websites, and online
communities. Use exercise 8 as a model.
Have vou ever read or writtet1 a blog? What things did people
commet1tot1?
l've read a lot of blogs, and l've writtet1 a post ot1 ...

Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 99 Unit 5

 Remember your manners

Vocabulary and Listening

O Vocabulary presentation
1 Read the encyclopedia entry. Then
match the highlighted words to their
definitions.
1 The skill of dealing with people in
difficult situations without upsetting them.
2 Bad manners anda lack of respect for others.
3 Rules for behavior in society.
4 Good manners and respect for others.
The history of manners
5 Enjoyment from something that is good quality. For thousands of years, manners have been a huge
6 A belief or way of doing something which has existed part of social interaction . Politeness at formal
occasions was extremely important for centuries.
for sorne time.
Diplomacy was essential at these events, as it was
7 Rules of acceptable behavior for writing blog posts, etc.
important not to offend anyone, especially those with
8 The position that someone has in an organization, a high rank in society.
society, etc.
The formal rules, or etiquette, for events such as
9 The quality of being sensitive to others and thinking
mea Is have changed a lot over the years. Modern
about their feelings. European table manners started to develop around
1 O Communication between people. the 18th century.
O Vocabulary practice
• Talking loudly 011 your In 19th-century Victorian England, it beca me a
tradition that "gentlemen" and "ladies" showed
2 G 2.02 Which things phone 011 the train.
consideratiogj for others and hadan appreciation of
on the list do you think • Eating with your hands. poetry, music, and art. Rudeness was not acceptable.
are examples of good • Not saying "ptease" when
Now we're in the 21'1 century, and changing times
and bad manners? you ask for something.
lead to changes in manners. Fast food has resulted
Listen to the report. • Blowing your nose in public. in different table manners. We have also invented
Which examples are • Talking loudly in a library. new rules for new forms of social interaction such
mentioned?
• Leaving food 011 your plate. as the Internet, where netiquette regulates what is

3 a) 2.02
Listen again.
acceptable and what is not.

Who mentions the following information?

Write the correct name.

1 Anne Samuel Haruko Huan 1

People eat differently outside the home beca use

of globalization.
2 In the U.S., an empty plate shows that you like
the food.
3 Manners aren't as connected to people's rank today.
4 We should always try to use good manners, whichever
country we are in.
5 Something which often happens in public in the U.S. is
considered rude in sorne countries.
6 lf you eat everything, the cook will feel embarrassed.

Unit 5
4 CD 2.03 Listen and complete the sentences. 6 Write the correct option.

(. .. ) , manners are rules of behavior according to 1 remember to see / seeing that movie years ago.
what's considered 'correct" 2 Sara regrets to tell/ telling everybody about her bad
2 And, ( ... ) , new developments such as the Internet test res u lts.
give us new rules of behavior. 3 Amy tried to find / finding her bag, but it was
3 Thats, ( ... ) , the height of rudeness: impossible in her messy room.
4 lt looks like you haven't had enough to eat and, (. .. ) , 4 We stopped to hove/ having lunch on the way to Ohio.
that's embarrassing for the chef!
7 Complete the sentences with the -inq or to form of
the verbs in parentheses.

Functional language Have you tried (drink) hot milk befare you go to bed?
That should help you sleep
Thinking time
2 Al ice stopped (play) for her local hockey team when
you know / 1 mean/ well / like
she went to college.
3 My grandma went on (work) after her 65th birthday.
She loves the interaction with others!
Grammar Verbs with -ing and to 4 Did you remember (call) your parents?
O Grammar presentation
8 Complete the questionnaire with the correct -ing or
5 Read the table and sentences 1-4 below. Look at to form of the verbs in parentheses.
the underlined verbs in the sentences and match
them with the meaning in the table. Then copy and
complete the table with -lnq orto.
;yOt, and your ~EliAVIOR
m {~l
forget / remember • Is there anything you regret (1 do) recently
beca use it was an example of bad manners?
You forget / remember You forget / remember that
something you did in the • Are there any traditions in your country that
you have to do something.
past. you think people should stop (2 follow)?
goon • Have you tried (3 show) your
appreciation to the people who
You continue with an action. You change your activity.
do the most far you recently?
regret
• Have you ever stopped
You're sorry about You're sorry to say that (4 take part) in an activity
something you did in the something is true. beca use of sornaona's
past. behavior?
stop
• Have you ever forgotten
You don't do an action You interrupt an action and (5 be) quiet in a place
anymore. do something else briefly. like a library?
try
You do an experiment to You make an effort to do
see if something works. something.
O Grammar practice
1 regret to say that fast food has changed things.
You're sorry to say that somethit1g is true. Language in action
1 You should try to be polite.
2 We don't go on following the same rules. 9 Write two more questions for the questionnaire.
3 1 stopped to ask Haruko a question. Use verbs from the table in exercise 5. Then answer
4 You must remember to go to the bathroom. all the questions and compare your answers with
other students.

Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 99 Unit 5

 \ ike. c.1~ss s11s-re,M
Around the world ;~ Ne-w ze-~1~ttd

In context! The Garden Party

Katherine Mansfield
1 It was a warm, windless day and the garden was
(1888-1923) was
looking its very best. Perfect for a garden party. Toe
born and raised in
men arrived to put up the marquee during breakfast.
New Zealand. Today
New Zealand has a "Where do you want the marquee, mother?"
population of around 5 "Oh, it's no use asking me. I want to leave everything to
tour million. The you children this year"
country consists of lt was decided that Laura, the artistic one, should make
two main islands, the the arrangements for the marquee. She hurried off to
North lsland and the meet the four workmen who were waiting on the path.
South lsland, and 10 They looked impressive and Laura felt rather awkward.
the capital city is
"Good morning," she said, copying her mother's voice
Wellington.
in such a way that she felt embarrassed. "Have you -
The Garden Partyis set on the wealthy Sheridan er-come to put up the marquee?"
family's estate in Wellington, early in the 20th "That's right, Miss;' said the tallest man, pushing back
century. The story was published with a collection 15 his hat.
of other short stories in 1922. At this time, families
Laura instantly felt more comfortable seeing his
were large and very traditional. Rank was very
friendly smile. In fact, they were all smiling and their
important, and social differences were great, as
smiles seemed to be saying, "Cheer up, we won't bite!"
there was much wealth as well as poverty in
Workmen were so nice, but she had to focus on the
the country. Traditions and social etiquette were
business at hand: the marquee.
beginning to change around the time the novel
was written. "Well, what about the lily-lawn?" she asked, pointing to
the lawn. "Would that do?"
"It's not obvious enough. You want to put a marquee
Reading and Vocabulary somewhere right in the middle," the tall man replied.
O Reading preparation 25 Laura's upbringing made her wonder if it was
respectful of a workman to talk to her in such a
1 (1)2.04 Read and listen to the short story extract.
way. But she understood what he meant.
Which three flowers or trees are named?
"How about the tennis court?" she suggested. But
2 Read the story again. Write the correct option to then she changed her mind. "Oh, but the band will
complete the sentences. 30 be playing there"

At the beginning ofthe story, ( ... )are eating breakfast.

A party guests B workmen C Laura and her family
2 Laura( ... ) to organize the marquee. 3 Are the sentences about the highlighted words true
A asks B is chosen C refuses or false? Correct the false ones.
3 Laura feels ( ... ) when she tries to sound like her mother. 1 Poverty refers to having lots of money.
A shy B impressive C confident 2 Your upbringing is the way you are raised by
4 The tall man decides( ... ). your parents.
A to arrange a band B where to put the marquee 3 lf you are respectful, you aren't polite to others.
C to plant sorne trees 4 The upper classes are people with less money and
5 Laura(. .. ) to be friends with the workmen. power than others in society.
A would like Bis happy not C asks 5 Your social circle is the group of people or friends
6 At the end, Laura ( ... )her social circle. that you are connected with in sorne way.
A hates B changes C returns to O Vocabulary practice
Unit 5
 Word builder Phrasal verbs with up

"A band?" asked one of the workmen. 4 Find two different phrasal verbs with up in the
first half of the story.
"Only a small band," Laura replied, realizing that only
the upper classes could afford such things.
5 Replace the words in italics with the correct
"Look, Miss, that's the place for the marquee over there.
form of the phrasal verbs.
35 By those trees. That'll do fine;' interrupted the tall man.
To Laura's disappointment, he was pointing to the 1 bring up cheer up own up put up split up 1
karakas. "What a shame to hide those lovely tropical-
looking trees. Must the marquee be put in front of 1 Having a party will make us feel better.
them?" she thought to herself. 2 Which town were you raised in 7
40 But the men had already set off. Only the tall man 3 We've decided to build a garage at the side of
remained. He bent down to touch the lavender growing the house.
next to him. To Laura's amazement, he had stopped 4 The twins' parents have decided to separate.
to smell the wonderful scent of the flowers. She didn't
5 The company director has admitted to stealing
know many men who behaved like that. "Oh, how
lots of money.
45 extremely nice workmen are;' she thought. If only she
had workmen for friends rather than the silly boys who O Vocabulary practice
carne to Sunday night supper.
6 G) 2.05 Listen and repeat the phrasal verbs.
She realized how ridiculous class differences were at What do you notice about the stress?
that moment. She felt that they didn't apply to her at all,
50 and that she had more in common with these workmen
than with those in her circle .
Just then, a voice carne from the house, "Laura,
\MtUbring up
Stress with phrasal verbs
calm down chill out split up
telephone!"
"Coming!" Laura replied, as she headed along the
55 garden path, back to her normality. Language in action
Adapted from "The Carden Party"
by Katherine Mans.field 7 Think of two social events, one formal (e.g.

s•il41f NdilUI~~
Which plant or tree in
a wedding) and one informal (e.g. a birthday
party). What are the "rules" for these events
exercise 1 is unique to New in your country?
Zealand? Find out what its
name means and why it 8 Discuss your ideas with other students. Do
was given this name. they agree with you?

O Culture video:
Charles Dickens
 Practical English

Reading, Listening, and Vocabulary 4 Q) 2.07 Listen and complete the

1 Read the pamphlet. What does each stage focus on at
the festival?
2 Q)·2.06 Listen to a community group meeting and
answer the questions.
1 What does the group want to raise money for and why
is it important?
2 What does the group want to do this evening?
3 Why do they choose this form of advertisinq?
4 Which three events do they change the time of?
3 Q) 2.06 Listen to the meeting again. Pay attention to
the changes they agree to make. Then complete this
final version of the pamphlet.
sentences.
( ... ) put the finishing touches on
the pamphlet.
2 (. .. ) advertise it on the local TV channel.
3 (. .. ) that's possible, to be honest.
4 (. .. ) lots of mistakes.
5 (. .. )a clearer heading.
6 (. .. ) Arts in the Park?
7 (. .. ) offering students a discount.
8 (. .. ) finalize the arder of the performances?
9 ( ... ) that many kids will be interested in watching
a play at 9:00 at night.
1 O (. .. ) swap the times of the first two Stage 3 events.

One park, three stages, twelve hours of

local entertainment featuring:
STAGE 1:
11:00 "The NB Rockets" - Loma l.inda's favorite
punk band
14:30 School rocks-(~) bands from local schools
take part in a "battle-of-the-bands"
competition
18:00 Electrovox - a must far fans of electronic
music
21:00 Chi Friedman jazz lovers' concerto
STAGE 2:
(5) The Cat in the Hat- children's performance by
Amats theatrical group
16:00 A Midsummer Night's Dream- Shakespeare's
popular play by the local Classic Arts Players
18:00 Death of a Salesman-Arthur Miller's modern
tragedy
STAGE 3:
11:00 Folk (~)- Grab your partner by the hand
(7) Danz-a-thon - Couples compete to see who
can dance the longest!
21:00 Scenes from Swan Lake-Anna Krakof School
of Ballet

Unit 5
Speaking and Listening Language in action
O Speaking preparation
S Imagine you are going to attend the festival.
Discuss the performances with other students. 10 Q)2.10 Listen to the conversation between Lila and
Decide together which four you will attend. Use the Rico. Check the opinions that the older people in the
functional language box to help you. community have about the proposed skate park.

lt' d be great if we could watch "The NB Rockets." • Noise will increase.

Yeah, it's bound to be a great concert, • People will get injured.
• Students from the school will clean it.
6 G) 2.08 DICTATION Listen and write the sentences • Teens will have a place to hang out.
you hear.
• There will be more trash.
• Traffic will increase.
7 Read the Language point and look at your sentences
from exercise 6. Then complete the rules with can't, 11 G) 2.10 Listen again and write L (Lila) or R (Rico) next
must, may, might, or could. to the phrases in the functional language box that
Language point ~ you hear, depending on who says each phrase.
Modals of deduction
and possibility
We use the modal verb ~~ ~ when we are certain that something
is true. We use~~~ when we are certain that something isn't
Functional language
Making suggestions
~i/#n
(3) , ...
true. W e use ... (S) to ta lk a b out somet h'mg t h at .1s
(4) , an d ... There could be ... (+ noun)
or will be possible. We could consider ... (+ -ing) ~4
lt'd be great if we could ... (+ base form) 1
8 Rewrite the sentences using the words in bold. Why don't we ... (+ base form)? r

Jannie definitely won't dance in the competition; Maybe we could (+ base form)
she's singing on Stage 1 right now. can't We'd better (not) ( + base form)
2 l'm sure that's the band's guitarist over there. must How /What about (+ -ing I noun)?
3 We're thinking of going to the festival this weekend. Expressing certainty
might
lt's /There is/ are bound +to ... (+ base form)
4 lt's possible that it will rain on Saturday. may
That's definitely (+ noun / adjective)
5 We may be a ble to use Stage 2 for dancing. could
There's no doubt (+ that clause)
O Language practice
Expressing doubt
9 G) 2.09Read the Speaking strategy. Then listen to 1 doubt / l'm not really sure / lt's unlikely ...
sentences from the meeting and say which strategy (+ that clause)
the speaker is using. How certain do you think the
speaker is?
12 You and your partner are members of a local
•• community group. You want to start a project to
•e improve the local community. Discuss the ideas
below. Make suggestions, express your certainties
and doubts, and reach a decision about the best
• thing to do for the community. Use the strategy in
• using fillers, e.g., er, um
••• exercise 9 to show how certain you are .
• making noises such as snapping fingers or clearing our throats • setting upa community library
• emphasizing certain words • hosting a community blog
• pausing before or after phrases
• changing the speed we speak at
• planting trees on unused land
• creating an information center for visitors to the a rea
.
----=
..
-

O Dialogue practice
Practica! English WB page 84 Unit 5
 Practice sessions
Who wants to learn to climb? We are holding practice
sessions for new members to practice on Tuesday and
)( Thursday evenings.E9in the gym at 6 p.m.

Social events
We're excited to announce that the club is organizing
)( a party for all members nex ensda at 7 p.m. in the
school auditorium. lt's a club tra ltlon, and the idea is
)( to give old and newSthe chance to get to know
each other. Remember to bring your membership cards.

Visit from Jason Hadderly

AII members are invited to a special evening next Friday
with mountaineer Jason Hadderly, who is going to talk
about his experience in the Himalayas. Jason attended
this high school and sorne of you will remember
climbing with him. Join us in room H303 from 5:30 p.m.

"
"
)C

Unit 5
Model text Focus on writing Spelling

1 Read the announcements. Which three S Match th; s_pelling mistakes in the announcements
events are described? When and where to the rules below that they are breakinq. Then
is each event taking place? correct the mistakes.
We write the letter i before e except when they are
2 Read the announcements again. Which things u sed after c.
on the listare essential for announcements?
2 A lot of letters in English are silent and are not
pronounced when we speak.
Times Food a11d dri11k 3 A lot of words sound the same as other words but are
Name of the author Purpose of eve11t spelled differently.
Dates Who is i11vited 4 Sorne compound nouns are written ª? one word and
Locatio11 sorne are two.

6 Correct the four mistakes.

3 Read the Language point. Write the correct option to
complete the rule. The climbing club and its websight promote an )(
interest in mountaineering and freindship between )(
Language point
lnfinitives of purpose clubmembers. We aim to create a community )(
spirit which will make climbing a plesant )(
We 're launchi119 a club website to i11form members of
experience. However, we strongly advise you to
all the latest club 11ews.
follow the safety rules at all times.
lnfinitives of purpose tell us (when / why / where / how)
someone does something.

4 Use the words in parentheses to answer Writing task

the questions.
Why did you go to the talk? (learn / about climbing)
1 we11t to the talk to learn about climbin9.
1 Why are you staying at home this weekend? (edit / the
club newsletter)
2 Why has Jack gane out? (meet / sorne friends)
3 Why do you want to use the computer? (register / for
my club newsletter)
4 Why is Anna staying in Paris? (learn / French)
O Language practice
7 Choose a club which interests you. Write four
announcements for the club newsletter. lnvent the
details if you need to.
Announcement 1: Announce practice or coaching
sessions for the activity that your club practices. Give the
date, time, and place.
Who wants to ... ? / We are holdi119 ... / Meet i11 the ...
Announcement 2: Announce an important event
for new and old members. Say what the purpose of the
event is.
We 're excited to a1111ounce that ... / The idea is to ...
Announcement 3: Give news about another event. Explain
what the event is and when it is taking place.
AII members are i11vited to ...
Announcement 4: Announce a new way for members to
keep in touch with the club.
We 're pleased to a1111ou11ce that we 're lau11chi119 ... / Do11't
for9etto ...

O Writing extension
i:""
Review and exam practice

Unit 5
 21 st Century Skills

What's up?
Eric Grandma, is it true that
1 Look at the picture and read the dialogue. there used to be a
What is Eric looking for? summer festival in
Bridgetown? My teacher , z :; r •1
Get involved was telling us about it,
but I can't see anything
2 Read the dialogue again and answer the questions. online.
Is there a summer festival in Bridgetown today? Grandma Yes, thars right. 1
2 What did people use to do far the Bridgetown festival? remember it well!
3 Why aren't there any pictures of the festival online? Every summer, in July, the whole town used
4 Why doesn't Eric's grandma sean her pictures and to get together and celebrate.
upload them online?
Eric Really? Is it true that everyone brought their
tables into the street, far a massive street fair?
•;tiíMi Grandma Oh yes, it was wonderfull I have sorne pictures
3 Read the Reflect box. What do you think Eric should of it somewhere.
do next? Why? Discuss your ideas in small groups.
Eric Really?! Why can't I find any ofthem online?
a Leave the pictures in the attic.
Grandma Well, suppose they're all in boxes, in the attic.
b Ask his grandma to sean the pictures and post them 1

1 don't know how to put pictures online.

on a website.
e Show his grandma how to sean the pictures and help
her post them online. Put it together
d Another option.
S As a class, create a blog, website, poster, or wall
display about what life used to be like in your
Active citizenship
community. Work in small groups and follow the
You can help to preserve information about the past for your instructions.
community by communicating with older generations and using Make a list of questions you want to ask about life in
your digital skills. the past.
2 Decide who you can talk to (teachers, older family
members or neighbors, local business owners, etc.)

Get thinking 3 Conduct the interviews and take notes. Ask far
pictures and videos if possible.
4 The students in Mr. Johnson's class are doing a project 4 Decide how to share and display your project (a poster,
to learn more about what life used to be like in their blog, etc.). Remember to ask people's permission
community. Look at their list of questions (1-5) and befare posting pictures online.
match them to three of the tapies from A-E.
Then think of four more
questions to add to the list. \-\ovJ rnani hourD c\ic\ iºu UDe to Dprnc\ at Dc.hoo\?
A free-time activities 2. v-!hat \::.inc\ of hornevJor\::. c\ic\ iOU UDC- to c\o?
B relationships ? v-lhat c\ic\ reens UDe ro óo for fun?
C school 4 NovJ vJe Dprnc\ \oi'D of i'irne ai' i'ne D\::.ate par\::.; vJnai' c\ic\ iºu UDe to óo?
D family life
5 €iefore i'he lni'ernet hovJ c\ic\ iºu fine\ oui' inforrnai'ion?
E technology

Unit 5
In this unit, we
• discuss different forms of entertainment
• give and ask for points of view
• write a report

Warmbp
• 1

Warm-up
Vocabulary 4 Watch the video.
O Warm-up video "Tirn's going to be too =
O Vocabulary presentation sea red to go on the
=
1 Match conversations 1-4 to pictures A-D.
What are the people talking about?
new ridel" said Lily.
lim denied it strongly
and stated, "l'm not
-
•••••
2 What recommendations have you been given recently by scared of thatthing!"
friends and family about the following things? Were their
recommendations good?

a book a movie a singer / pop group a TV show

"His voice doesn't sound anything like it
does on his álbum." mentioned Alicia.
3 What recommendations have you given about the things
in exercise 2? Did people agree with you? Write short "Yes, he sounds terrible live," admitted Amy.
conversations using the bold verbs in conversations 1-4.
O Vocabulary practice
'This author's last novel was a
bestseller," pointed out Marco.
"I know, and his new one is
already at number ten on the
bestseller list," Dan confirmed.

"The plot is a little boring at times, but the

acting is excellent. I' d definitely tell others
to go and sea it," recommended Harry.
"True, the acting is qood," agreed Chloe.
 Vocabulary and Reading
1 Look at the highlighted verbs in the reviews. Which verbs have a negative
meaning? Which make facts clear? Which add extra information? Make a
list. Then add any verbs from page 71 which flt these categories.
Zip 2000 in Sun City
Rustenburg, South Africa
Visitar rating ****"A
Write a review T
1 Shortly after we arrived in Sun City,
our instructor confirmed that, until
recently, this had been the world's
longest, highest, and fastest zip
5 slide! She added that we would be
traveling as fastas 160 kmh along
the wire in the sky. Mom wanted
to le ave at that point, but we were
doing a tandem slide together, so
10 she had to stay. After a final safety
check, the instructor shouted
1
· "3 ... , 2 ... , 1" and we jumped
off the platform. We were soon
traveling ata very high speed,
15 280 m above the ground, and I felt
like I was flying! The whole ride
was over in just two and a half
minutes, and l loved every second.
Even Mom loved it. lt's the most
20 extreme thing she's ever done, and
she even complained that the ride
had been too short!
2 G 2.11
Diggerland
Yorkshire, England
Visitar rating ****j
Write a review T Visitar rating
Our swimming coach boasted
that the annual club day out would
25 be unforgettable the following
li weekend, and he was right! We
• spent the day at Diggerland - a
theme park with a difference! There
were over fifteen rides and drives,
30 but they weren't all on diggers.
We also raced each other in mini
Land Rovers! 1 think I finished first,
although my best friend insisted
that he had won! lt didn't really
35 matter, because itwas awesome
anyway. After the race, we all had
a shot at using diggers to move
mountains of earth, and tried out
lots of other machines. lt was an
40 original day out, and l'd recommend
it to anybody.
Jack F
Read and listen to the
reviews. Which trip would be best
for the following people?
Matt wants to find out about
working with creatures.
2 Ola and her best friend want to do
something adventurous together.
3 Sam is very interested in machinery.
Jacksonville Zoo
andGardens
Jacksonville, Florida
*****
Write a review T
My parents surprised me with the
perfect birthday present last month.
They revealed that they had
45 bought me a zookeeper experience
at Jacksonville Zoo and I was going
to look after animals the following
day. How cool is that?! 1 worked
with alligators and other reptiles
50 native to Florida, like the snapping
turtle and the endangered índigo
snake. The first thing I did was
help prepare food forthe animals.
We started with the alligators.
55 Apparently, they usually eat fish,
mammals, birds, or other reptiles
in the wild, but at the zoo they are
given chicken. We weren't allowed
near the alligator pool, but we
60 watched as whole chickens were
left on the edge. 1 asked the keeper
why he didn't give the alligators the
food directly. He replied that in the
wild they attacked and ate animals
65 that carne to the edge of the water
to drink. We also helped clean sorne
of the reptiles' a reas. That was hard
work and I got very wet! lt was an
exhausting day, but totally amazing!
LexiW
3 Read the reviews again. 7 Write the correct option.
Answer the questions with the "I forgot my ticket:'--+ Rebecca admitted she forgot /
correct place. Then write the had forgotten her ticket.
sentences from the reviews
2 "Tom has been on a day trip:'--+ Andy mentioned that
which support your answer.
Tom has been / had been on a day tri p.
Which day out ... ?
3 "We went to the theme park yesterday:'--+ They replied
1 was shared with a family member that they had been to the theme park the following /
2 was not expected by the reviewer the previous day.
3 included a competition 4 "My present is great:'--+ Nathan said that your / his
4 involved working with species present was great.
from that area
5 was as good as someone said
8 Read the note. Then complete the text in
reported speech.
6 finished very quickly
O Reading extension A little job for you this mor11i11g! See if you ca11 fi11d a
good day trip for the weeke11d. But remember:
4 Complete the definitions with the correct words.
- We we11t to a safari park last mo11th.
annual exhausting extreme unforgettable - Your sister hated the rollercoaster at the theme parkl
- Your dad read a good book about famous historie
1 lf something is(. .. ), it is very tiring.
buildi11gs last week.
2 lf something is(. .. ), it is not ordinary.
3 lf something is( ), you will always remember it. - We 've spe11t a lot of money decorati11g the house.
4 lf something is( ), it happens every year. Love, Mom xxx
O Vocabulary practice
S Q) 2.12 Listen and repeat the words. Which sound do "My mom left me a note this morning. She asked me
you hear: /8/ or /e,/? to find a good day trip for the weekend. She pointed
... to a sa fari. par k (. 2. ). . Sh e state d t h at (...
out t h at (l) 3) t h e

;+N.11 Sounds /0/ and /(j/

rollercoaster at the theme park. She mentioned that (4)
a book about famous historie sites \5), and she admitted
that (6) a lot of money decorating the house. lt's pretty
the theme there thing think this
difficult to think of a good place to go!"

Grammar Reported speech

O Grammar practice
O Grammar presentation Language in action
6 Read the direct and reported speech. Then complete
the sentences with the correct words. 9 lnterview other students about their last day tri p. Ask:

"We have bought you a zookeeper experie11ce a11d you are • Where did you qo? • What happened?
goi11g to look after a11imals tomorrow," my pare11ts • Who did you go with? • Did you enjoy it?
revealed.
My pare11ts revealed that they had bought me a zookeeper 1O Use reported speech to tell the class what the other
students said.
experie11ce a11d I was goi11g to look after a11imals the
followi11g day.

The tenses change from (. .. ) and (. .. ) in direct speech

to(. .. ) and ( ... ) in reported speech.
The subject pronouns change from (. .. ) and ( ... )to( ... )
and ( ... ).
The adverb of time changes from ( ... )to( ... ).
 12.e-?Or-rit,.q
qtce-S-riot,.SJ c.o~ t,.dSJ r--~-
~.,,d re.qtce-S-rS

Find three open-míe events in two different American

towns. Can you find any in your town ora rea?

Vocabulary and Listening
O Vocabulary presentation
1 Read the posters. What are they advertising?
2 Copy and complete the table. Write the highlighted
words in the correct column.
people places/
equipment
1 í
O Vocabulary practice
O Listening preparation
3 G) 2.13 &
~ Listen to the radio program. Write the
three tips in the order that you hear them. There is
one extra tip.
A become a great scriptwriter
B choose what sort of comedian you want to be
C choose your act carefully
D decide on your venue
4 G) 2.13 &
~ Listen again and correct the mistakes.
The open-mic night gave comedians ten minutes to
make people laugh. ,C
2 The most important skill for comedians is to be a ble to
make jokes about themselves. ,C
performance
3 A low-ranking comedian laughs at the world. ,C
types
4 Chris Hancock never does accents. ,C
5 Comedia ns should consider what's happening in the
audience at least twice a week. ,C
6 The hardest part of the job is going on tour. ,C

Unit 6
5 The phrases in 8 Rewrite the jokes with reported questions. Use
the functional He or She to report them. You don't need to report
language box are the answers.
used in the radio Why is the letter T like an island? Beca use it is in the
program. In your middle of water.
notebook, copy and
2 What starts with P, ends with E, and has millions of
complete the diagram
letters? The post office!
with the phrases.
3 Which bus crossed the ocean? Colurnbus'
4 Have you heard what the O said to the 8? Nice belt!

Functional language 9 Rewrite the requests and commands in reported

Expressing frequency
once a week / nearly always / almost never /
a couple of times a week
Grammar Reported questions,
requests, and commands
O Grammar presentation
6 Read the reported questions. Write the correct
option to complete the rules.
A A stude.11t aske.d me. what the. most importa11t skill was.
B The.y aske.d if that me.a11t 11ot maki11g jekes about yourse.lf.
C I aske.d Chris 1-latl(~ock whe.the.r he. could give. usa fe.w tips.
In reported questions ...
1 we use/ dorit use the words do or did.
2 we use/ dottt use question marks.
3 we use if or whether when we report short
questions / long questions.
4 the changes to tense, subject pronouns,
and time words are/ are not the same as for
reported statements.
7 Read the reported request and command. Then
answer the questions.
A I aske.d the.m to give. me. a11othe.r chance.
B A frie.11d told me. 11ot to be. a11 impre.ssio11ist.
1 Which example is a request and which is a command?
2 What would each example be in direct speech?
3 Does the tense change in reported requests
and commands?
4 Which verb do we use in reported requests?
5 Which verb do we use in reported commands?
6 What comes after the verb in both?
7 Where do we use not in a negative request /
command?
speech. Use the verbs ask and tell.
A hotel has revealed sorne of the strange requests made
by their guests. Here are a few unbelievable examples:
O Could you stop the snow, please?
1 Can you do my son's math homework, please?
2 Don't let the birds sing in the morning.
3 Stop the ocean from making a noise.
4 Don't allow people to walk on the
hotel beach.
5 Can you close the curtains in
my room, please?
o
10 Rewrite the questions, requests, and commands in
parentheses in reported speech.
Amy (1 How did your act go at the open-mic night?)
Did you enjoy being in the spotlight?
Sam No! lt was terrible! (2 Don't remind me about it!)
Amy (3 Did you prepare your own script")
Sam Yes, 1 did. 1 stood at the microphone and did sorne
impressions. 1 had sorne props to help and thought
it was going well, but the audience started to leave
after ten minutes! (4 1 even said, "Please don't walk
out until l've finished") But they went anyway!
O Grammar practice
Language in action
11 Make notes about an experience of performing in
public: telling jokes to friends or family, taking part
in a school play, etc. Who asked you to perform? How
did people react? Did it go well?
12 Use reported speech to explain your experience
to other students. Mention questions, requests,
and commands.
The. te.ache.r aske.d me. to pe.rform 011 stage. i11 ...

Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 101 Unit 6

 Mttl·h:.t: -rke-
Around the world ~íl~ke-r' s isl~Jld

Reading and Vocabulary

O Reading preparation
1 CI) 2.14 Read and listen to the
travelogue. Choose the best title
and justify your choice.
Making Swept Away
2 Fantasy City
3 The movie star of the Mediterranean

2 Read the travelogue again. Complete gaps A-E 1 Right in the heart of the Mediterranean lies a tiny island
with sentences 1-6. There is one extra sentence. with 7,000 years ofhistory: Malta. Walking through the
medieval streets of Valletta, the island's cosmopolitan
Today, its beautiful turquoise waters make this
capital, you'll sense a fascinating mix of ancient and
tiny beach an obvious choice far directors.
5 modern-day cultures. (_~) You'll almost feel as if you're
2 Getting there can, however, be difficult. on a movie set . But hold on, maybe you are!
3 The stately home provides the perfect location
Since the early 1960s, Malta has been a popular
far movies and TV programs.
location for filmmakers. \~) lts sparkling blue
4 In fact, over 70 movies and 50 TV programs have
waters and honey-colored historie buildings in the
been shot on location in Malta.
1 o background make it a directors paradise. Think
5 MFS is a director's dream set. World War Z, Captain Phillips, Agora ... to name a few.
6 History is everywhere in this city, with its All had scenes shot on this wonderful island. Frame
old fartress. by frame, here are the must-go-to places we suggest
that movie buffs visit on Malta.
3 Match the highlighted words to their definitions.
15 Palazzo Parísio, Naxxar: Traveling northwest from
A successful movie.
Valletta towards the middle of the island, visitors
2 Where movies are shot. discover the noble-looking Palazzo Parisio in Naxxar.
3 People who are big movie fans. \9 lts impressive classical buildings and attractive
4 A single image used in a movie. gardens also made the Palazzo Parisio the ideal home
5 When the camera shows the scene 20 for the prince and Grand Master of the island, who had
from further away. the palace built in 1733. Toe palaces present owners
offered to be hosts for the filming of The Count of
O Vocabulary practice Monte Cristo and the BBC biographical series Byron.
4 Read the Language point. Copy and
complete the rules.

Language point ~
Reported suggestions
and offers
Mere are tite must-go-to places tltey suggested that
movie buffs visit 011 Malta.
Tite paíace's present ow11ers offered to be hosts.
To report suggestions, we use suggest + \~ l + subject
+ baseform.
To report offers, we use offer + \~l + base form.

Unit 6
 Blue Lagoon, Comino: Toe Blue Lagoon on Comino
25 has seen a lot of drama in its long history. Inhabited Word builder Prepositional phrases
in the Roman period, then used as a watchtower to
prevent invasion by the Ottoman Turks, the island 6 Copy and complete the table with these words from
even formed a base for pirates in the Mediterranean the travelogue and exercise 2.
at one point. (_1?) It was here that the blockbuster
30 Troy, starring Brad Pitt, was filmed. l 1ocation set the background 1

Mediterranean Film Studios, Rinella: Rinella is the

home of Mediterranean Film Studios. \1?! When the On In
camera angle is just right, the two specially-made (1)
... , (2)
... , stage, screen \~) , a scene / scenes,
water tanks at the studio blend into the ocean and a movie, the studio
35 create the illusion of a far-off horizon. Toe camera
zooms out and viewers think the actors are far out
7 Complete the text
in the ocean. In fact, they are actually in the safe,
with the correct
controlled environment of the studio water tanks!
prepositional phrase
lt was here that Pinocchio and Swept Away, starring
from exercise 6.
40 Madonna, were filmed. the movie World War Z was
Sometimes there is
made \~! in Malta, Glasgow, and
There's so much to see and do on these sunny more than one Budapest. ~~!sorne( ... ) in the
islands, so it's a huge bonus that getting from one correct answer. movie, up to 500 ordinary people
location to another is relatively easy. With sorne
careful planning, your visit to Malta is sure to be O Vocabulary practice from Glasgow appeared as extras.
Leading actor Brad Pitt is no
45 unforgettable. Who knows, you might even walk
stranger to the screen, as he has
onto a movie set and get a preview of the next big Listening starred \~! over 50 ( ... ).
thing to hit the screens.
8 G2.1s Listen to the
conversation and complete the report. Change or
add words to make your answers grammatically
correct.
Alvi asked Bea if she would like to appear asan extra (l)
in a movie. Bea replied that she'd lave to and Alvi told her
(2) an ad for extras for a movie which would be
shot (3) in their town. Bea suggested that (4) to the
audition, but Alvi said that he didn't want to be in the
movie. However, he offered (S) with her for support.

Language in action
9 Have a conversation with other students about being
an extra in a movie. Use exercise 8 as a model. Give
answers which are true for you. Then report your
conversation to the class.
You: Would you like to be an extra in tite scene of a movie?

Rewrite the sentences using reported suggestions

and offers. O Culture video:
lconic movie locations
1 "I can carry your luggage," James offered.
2 "You could take a boat around the coast" Carrie
suggested.
3 "Let's go to Popeye's village," Lulu suggested.
4 "1'11 take you to the Palazzo for dinner," Henry offered.
O Language practice
Unit 6
 CiVit'l.'3 t;ttW t;tS~it'l.'3
Practical English ~or \X';.,,,t-s ~ vie.tiJ

Reading, Listening, and Vocabulary 3 O, 2.16~ Listen to the meeting again.

Replace the underlined words with the
1 Which of the things below are important when choosing a book words the speakers use.
or magazine? Order them from 1 (most important) to 5 (least So, what's your opinion about Night
important). Then read the Teen Scene Book Club reviews and say School Resistance?
which books you'd like to read and why.
2 1 totally agree with you. For me, it's one of
• an attractive cover • the price the best teen novels.
• good reviews • the subject 3 lt seems to me that the Night School
• friends' opinions series has gone as far as it can go.
4 l've enjoyed reading them all, but
2 G,2.16 &
~ Listen to the book club meeting. Complete the in my mind this should be the last in
sentences with the words. the series.
5 1 don't completely disagree with you, but
chilling dull so-so unoriginal well-written
remember when we're reviewing,
we should treat each book separately.
1 Krissie thinks (. .. )is the best word to describe Night School Resistance.
6 My view is that this is the best of the lot.
2 George thinks that Resistance is(. .. ), as it's the fourth book in a series.
7 In my opinion, it should get a three and
3 George thinks /f I Stay is( ... ) and much better than most young
a half.
adult books.
4 Krissie wants to give lf / Stay a three, as, in her opinion, it's (. .. ) .
5 Elliot says he found Sofí Mendoza's Guide to Getting Lost in Mexico ( ... ) .

Book four in the dramatic Night School series. This tale about 17-year-old accident victim
What terrifying adventures are waiting for Mía is difficult to put down. Will Mía ever
Allie this semester at Cimmeria Academy? remember what happened to her?

More..., More...,

Sofi Mendoza's Guide to Getting Lost in Mexico by Mal in Alegria

A quick trip across the US-Mexican border to Tijuana for the weekend seems like a good
idea to Sofi and her friends from California. But will Sofi make it back by Monday morning?

More...,

•
1
1
1

Unit 6
Speaking Language in action
O Speaking preparation
4 Think of a popular book, magazine, movie, TV show,
or game you have enjoyed recently. Find out who else 7 Have a meeting to discuss three books, TV programs,
in the class has read, watched, or played them. Then movies, or games you want to review. Decide
use the functional language box to ask for and give together what rating to give them. Use the functional
points of view on them. language and adapt meaning to context where
necessary.
5 Read the Language point. Copy and complete the "lt1 my opit1iot1, we should concentrate ot1 video games,
table with the prepositions. Then add any more as they're more popular with studet1ts t1ow. What's
prepositions you know. your opit1iot1?"
"I couldt1't agree more. 1 suggest we start with ••. "
Language point.~
Prepositions
8 Write the review that you agreed on in exercise 7.
•.. at1d her friet1ds from Califort1ia
... this semester at Cimmeria Academy?
Functional language
A quick trip aeross the US-Mexicat1 border ...
Asking for points of view
lt's near the eottee machit1e. What did you all / both think about ... ?
What's your opinion?
Location Movement Distance Origin Giving your own point of view
below awayfrom away of In my view, ...
on top of towards (3) (4)
As far as l'm concerned, ...
(1) (2) My view is that ...
To my mind, ...
O Language practice
In my opinion, ...
6 Read the Speaking strategy and look at the sentences From my point of view, ...
from the meeting below. Copy the sentences and Talking about other people's points of view
underline examples of adapted words in them.
According to ...
What do they refer to?
For Sofi, ...

il'3f:il1f ití41 Agreeing with others

1 couldn't agree more.
Adapting meaning to context
1 agree with you entirely / mostly / up to a point.
Certain words change their meaning depending on who says
them, where they are, who they are talking to, etc. Sorne
common examples are: 9 Watch the video to learn about the collaborative task
here, now, this in a speaking exam.
• referring to the place, time, andan object present at the
time the person is speaking
there, then, that
• referring to a place, time, andan object ata time before the
person is speaking

My view is that this should be the last in the series. O Exam success video: Collaborative task
2 How should we rate it here in the review?
O Dialogue practice
3 1 love it justas much now as I did then.

Practica( English WB page 85 Unit 6

Model text
1 Read the music questionnaire and answer the
questions so they are true for you.
4 Read the Language point. Then find the blue adverb
1
phrases in the report. Which are phrases of time,
which are phrases of place, and which are phrases
of manner?

2 Read the report on the results of the questionnaire on

Language point ~
Adverb phrases
page 81. Are your answers mentioned in the report?
One in tour students admitted that they listened in seeret
in bed every night.
3 Write the correct option.
The introduction presents the aim of the report /
Adverb phrases are phrases with two or more words, often a
an opinion based on the information.
preposition and a noun, that work together asan adverb.
2 Paragraphs two and three give us statistics from the
results / general impressions. 5 Complete the adverb phrases with the words.

3 The concl usion presents the source of the information /

1 after as at in very 1
a generalization.
1 We're going to the concert as soon ( ) we're ready.
2 1 remembered the name of the song ( )a while.
3 Amelía likes soul music ( ... ) much.
4 Adam always studies the lyrics ( ... ) silence (. .. ) home
befare he rehearses with his band.
Could you please answer ali the questions in our O Language practice
music questionnaire by Friday? Thanks!
1 Where do you usually listen to music?
2 How do you listen to rnusic?
3 Do you use any apps that play rnusic? lf yes,
which enes?
4 Do you use a radio station app? lf yes, which one?

Unit 6
 ~
Focus on writing Statistics in reports

6 Match the percentaqes to the phrases in the report

referring to.the number of people .
•
25 percent one it1 tour
1 33 percent 3 75 percent 5 66 percent
2 50 percent 4 20 percent

Complete the sentences with sorne of the phrases

1 lntroduction
This report reveals the music habits of Class llFG. lt
focuses on where and how students listen to music. lt is
based on information received from a questionnaire that
we carried out with 32 students last week.
from exercise 6.
1 Two-thirds of those interviewed revealed that they
loved the band's new song, but (. .. ) hated it.
2 .Three-quarters of them recommended watching the
new video, but (. .. ) didn't. >
3 One-fifth of the class complained about the lyrics, but
( ... ) loved them. ,
4 Half denied dancing to music in the living room, but
( ... ) admitted to it.
(

2 Question 1: Where?
When we asked students where they listened to music,
Writing task
three-quarters of them replied that they mostly listened
at home. One in four students admitted that they listened
8 Write a report based on the following information:
in secret in bed every night. Half of the students also Questionnaire results • Tapie: Uve music
mentioned that they used their music devices when they 1 l-lave you ever bee.11 to a 2. l-lave vou ever sut1g it1
traveled to and from school on public transportation or live cot1certl' publicl'
on foot, even when they are in a hurry.
25 perceat bee.11 with frie11ds 66 percent yes
3 Questions 2-4: How? 50 percent we11t with family 33 percet1t school
Most students stated that they played their favorite tunes whe.11 they were yout1ger events, local choirs, etc.
on their phones. One-third of them added that they 75 perceat will go to ot1e 20 percet1t pop group,
enjoyed watching music videos as well as listening to next vear solo
them. Two-thirds confirmed that they had a music app on
their phones, and one-fifth of the students had an app
from a radio station. Paragraph 1: Introduce the aim of the report and say
where you got the information from.
4 Conclusion
This report reveals ... lt is based 011 ...
To sum up, students may listen to music in slightly Paragraph 2: Provide the results of the first question.
different ways and places, but it clearly provides both Talk about the statistics in detail.
entertainment and a way of relaxing at different times of Whet1 we asl<ed ...
the doy. Paragraph 3: Provide the results of the second question.
Talk about the statistics in detail.
Most stude11ts ...
Paragraph 4: Provide a conclusion and suggest what the
results ofthe questionnaire mean.
To sum up, it seems that ...
. . . clearly provides ...

O Writing extension
 Pl~W\W\ÍW\'3 ~W\d
?('t-St,W\-r ÍW\'3 ~W\
Speaking project: A school exchange i-r
ÍW\t-r~r11

Work with a partner to plan an itinerary

for a school exchange. Research ideas and
information to include. Prepare and record
an introductory video for your exchange
partners, or plan a presentation. Play or give
your presentation to the class.
1 Eh JI Listen to a presentation
• Q) 2.1z Listen. Which speaker does the following,
Alex or Katie?
introduces the speakers and the content
2 talks about Monday
3 talks aboutTuesday
4 gives sorne tips on what to bring
5 finishes the presentation
• G) 2.!Z.Listen again. Complete the
missing information in the itinerary
for Monday and Tuesday.
1 Eh I') Choose your activities
• Work with a partner and plan two days of the exchange: one at
school and one in your a rea. For those days, think of activities
that a student on an exchange program would like to do.
after-school activities local food nightlife school subjects
shopping sights schedules transportation
• Choose the most interesting activities for your itineraries and
decide together which day you'II do them.
IEh#• Research and plan your itineraries
• Choose one day each to focus on.
• Find out about the activities you chose to include that day. Use
this information to make sure your itineraries work.
• What time does the place open?
• How much does it cost?
• How long will it take to get there?
• How long can you spend there?

• Make sure you include

important information and
suggestions about
free-time activities.

lnclude practica! tips.

WELCOME TO
• Compare your itineraries and

Boston make sure you are both happy.

Monday 7: A day at school and

an evening out
-- Arrive with your host student and go
to homeroom.
Elt1tltJf.j Classes with a break in the middle.
Exact classes depend on (1) .
Mtlf.111•t•I Lunch in the cafetería.
Ml•11Wtua Classes with a break in the middle.
- After-school clubs, including (Zl .

- Dinner at the Boston Burger Company.

lfhl;• Plan your video or presentation
• Agree how you are going to present your video.
• Are you going to go to the places and film them?
• Are you going to use pictures and voiceover on
a cornputer?
• Are you going to do a presentation in class and film it?
• Do you want to include mu sic or any background effects?
Useful language
• Think about all the equipment you'II need and make sure lntroduction
you have it. My name's ... and this is ... , and we'II be
your hosts in ...
• Decide how you are going to deliver your script.
We wanted to introduce ourselves and give
• Who will do the introduction?
you an idea of ...
• Will you each speak about one day, or will you both talk
Giving information and opinions
about the two days?
We're going to tell you about ...
• Who will give the practica! tips and say goodbye?
Well, it's time to talk about ...
1 f h 1-) Prepare your scripts 1 have to mention ...

• Work alone and make notes on what you want 1 think ...
to say for your sections of the video. lf you're into ... , we can ...

• Ask your teacher or use a dictionary Saying goodbye

to help with new words. That's all for now.
lf you have any questions, just .
We're really looking forward to .

• Make sure you have everything you need.

• Practice giving the presentation together.

• Record your video.

Remember!
• Use a friendly, welcoming, and enthusiastic tone.
Practical tips: • Use informal language with someone who's your age.
• Don't write full sentences. Talk from notes to make sure
you sound natural.

• Show your video to the class or give your presentation.

• Which video or presentation do you like best? Why?

• Which one was the most original? Why7

• Write down your ideas to use in your next video

or presentation.

Project 2
 21 st Century Skills

What's up?

1 Read the school blog. Answer the questions.

What do students have to wear?
2 What are the reasons given far this?
Get involved
2 Match 1-4 below to the comments in the blog.
1 a positive aspect of the wristbands
2 a negative aspect of the wristbands
3 a suggestion to improve the wristbands
4 an emotional reaction to the wristbands
•;Qi®'i
3 Read the Reflect box and the information about
the Thinking Hats. Which color hat is each of the
comments in the blog?
Damon' s comment - red hat
Parallel thinking
From next year, all students must wear a
specially designed wristband with a microchip.
The microchip contains information about the
student, like their grades, their parents' contact
information, and any health issues (e.g. allergies).
lt also has a GPS tracker, so teachers can see
where students are.
Damon 1 O hours ago
This is awful. 1 don't want anyone controlling my personal info.
Erica100 1 O hours ago
A microchip with health information is useful. lf a student became ill, they
would get the right treatment more quickly.
9 hours ago
There's a risk with this use of technology. Cyber criminals could access
students' personal information.
Kris 8 hours ago
Hmm. Why don't they use the students' fingerprints instead of a microchip?
That's more difficult to hack.

When we evaluate a problem, idea or situation, parallel

thinking can help us focus on the problem from different
points of view. Edward de Bono's Thinking Hats are a way of
doing this. When you "wear" one of the hats, you think about
~
~
Facts
8
Feelings and emotions

the problem from that point of view.

Get thinking
8
Negative aspects
Positive aspects ~

lmprovements, alternatives

4 Look at the notice for the pedal-powered school.

In groups of three, discuss it using the white hat.
Use the questions to help you. 5 As a class, discuss the pedal-powered school.
1 What is going to happen? Follow the instructions.
2 When will it happen? Get into groups of three. Each group chooses a different
3 Why does the school want to do this? color hat (not white).
2 Use the questions below to help you discuss the idea.
3 Write a couple of sentences to summarize your thoughts.
4 Present your ideas to the class.
What are the
How do we feel about positive aspects of
this idea? Why? this idea? Who can
it help?
What are the negative
aspects of this idea? .•• How could we
Are there any prob/ems adapt ar improve
ar risks? the idea?

Unit 6
In this unit, we
• discuss topics in the news
• compare and contrast places
• write a formal e-mail

Warm-up
Vocabulary princess to
O Vocabulary presentation stay the night
1 Replace the bold words in the at village hotel
headlines with the correct form of
the phrasal verbs.
············································
come across get away get off
get on see off set off speed up
stop over take off turn back

2 Describe your dream vacation to enter

the competition in headline H. Use
phrasal verbs from exercise 1.
1 would take off trom Madrid atid stop
over in Dubai for three tiights. lt1 Dubai,
1 would ••• and thet1 I' d go .•.
O Vocabulary practice
3 Watch the video.
 Oe,Scnbittt]
.+u~ure. ttc.~iottS

Reading and Vocabulary

O Reading preparation

1 ~ 2.18 Read and listen to the article.

What do these numbers represent?

12040 30 1o 6,500 2025 360 1

Unit 7
2 Read the article again. Complete the sentences in
your own words.
Roads won't have (. .. ) beca use( ... ).
2 Cars will be a ble to( ... ), andas a result ( ... ) .
3 Urban transportation pods carry no more than
( ... ) , and work by( ... ).
4 Buses will be different beca use( ... ).
5 Changes to skateboards mean(. .. ).
6 A virtual-reality visor allows ( ... ) .
3 Match the highlighted words to their definitions.
Traveling regularly between your place of study or
work and your home.
2 A vehicle with two floors.
3 A person walking in the street.
4 Making a bike move.
5 The money that you pay to travel by bus, taxi, etc.
6 The time when the roads are full of traffic. _.,..__'!...._
_ ¡_
..._
O Vocabulary practice
Grammar
Future continuous and future perfect
O Grammar presentation
4 Read the sentences. Copy and complete the rules.
Travelers will be setti11g off from Madrid or New York City
at3:00 p.m.
0ur city streets will have cha11ged radically by 2040.
The future continuous: wi/1 ()) + -ing
We use the future continuous to talk about actions
that will be happening ata certain time in the future.
We often introduce time expressions with (2), in, and
this time.
2 The future perfect: will (3) + (~)
We use the future perfect to talk about actions that
will be completed by a certain time in the future. We
often introduce time expressions with (5) .
5 Complete the sentences with the correct future
perfect form of the verbs in parentheses.
1 Luca's plane (not take off) by lunchtime.
2 Tim's really busy, so he (not repair) my bike yet.
3 (. .. ) Steffi (set off) on her trip by September?
4 The trains we use today (disappear) by 2050.
5 (. .. ) tourists (stop over) on Mars by 2040?
6 Write sentences about the things Lily wil/ / won't have
done by the end of June and the things she
wi/1 / won't be doing in July.
June July
work at a summer school
do her last test
1 not finish the basketball 2 learn to surf
season
3 find a summer job 4 save money for a
vacation in August
5 have a driving lesson 6 not drive to the beach
with her friends
By the e11d of Ju11e, she '11 have done her last test.
111 July, she '11 be worki11g ata summer school.
7 Complete the article with the correct future
continuous or future perfect form of the verbs in
parentheses.
Good and bad news for
local commuters
Great news for bike lovers! At this time next week, local
bike riders (1 set off) on the new bike path along Highfield
Road towards downtown. After months of work, the council
says it (2 finish) all the new bike paths in the area by then.
They (3 also install) various bicycle renta! stations around
the town by the same date. For anybody interested in using
this service, the council ( 4 sell) renta! cards online at the
beginning of next week. However, there was also sorne bad
news for students at Adamsbury High School. Toe council
has informed us that students (5 not get on) and off the
bus at a brand new bus stop outside the school this time
next semester as planned. lt looks like students' trips won't
improve for sorne time.
O Grammar practice
Language in action
8 Imagine you are a journalist ata
local newspaper. Write about planned changes to
public transportation in your area. Use exercise 7 as
a model. What improvements will they be making?
What things will they have made worse?
Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 103 Unit 7
 ~kit'.q ~u.f-ure- ?lt.tt'.S
t.tttd ~e,dic..f-iot'.S

Vocabulary and Listening

O Vocabulary presentation
1 Match the words to pictures A-F.

1 breeze drizzle frost gale mist sleet 1

3 G 2.19 Listen and match extracts 1-4 to the

situations. There is one extra situation.

an ad for a program a conversation a geography class

a news report a weather forecast

4 G 2.19 Listen again and answer the questions in

your own words.
1 What would the scientist like to build and why?
2 How big would the scientist's construction be?
3 What is the problem with the planned trip to the coast?
4 When do we use the expression "lt's raining cats
and dogs"7
5 What did it rain in Lajamanu, and when
can you find out more about it7 ~
6 What's qornq to happen to the drizzle? ~
• Snowballs are easy to make, but 7 What's qornq to happen to the wind? •. ,
what about snow rollers? These
are formed when snow falls 5 Read the phrases in the functional language box. \
on ice. Snowstorms and even Copy and complete the rules.
stronger !~! push the fresh snow
along the ice into a circle shape. 1 We make exclamations with What + (. .. ) + (noun).
2 We can also use( ... )+ adverb + ( ... ) .
;;:;&;..f.firn
illl=i•m
Functional language
• lf you don't like rain and want to avoid !~! , try a vacation
Whatand How
to the world's driest continent, Antarctical
What a great idea!/ How very interesting! /
• Tropical storms have different na mes depending on How very disappointing!
where they take place. They are called !~! in the
Atlantic Ocean.

2 Read the uncontrollable weather facts. Complete the

sentences with the correct form of the words.

blizzard hailstorm heatwave

hurricane shower tornado

O Vocabulary practice
O Listening preparation
Unit 7
Grammar Future tenses 8 Complete the weather forecast with the correct

O Grammar presentation future form of the verbs, including the future

continuous and future perfect.
6 Read the sentences. Name the tense in each
sentence. Then answer the questions. Which 1 be begin bring disappear have hit rain 1
sentence talks about ... ?
A He's presenting his idea in Denver next Monday afternoon.
B Wait, 1'11 hold the door tor you.
C We 're going to visit some friends.
D The train leaves at g:35 a.m.
f The weather map shows we're going to have heavy showers.
F We think that there will be gales tomorrow.
G 1'11 buy you a cake next time the sun shines.

1 a prediction based on externa! evidence

It's difficult to believe that Daylight Saving Time officially
(~! this evening, as it's so wintry! We've had strong winds all

-
2 a fixed future plan
<lay, and the satellite picture shows that gales (~! the coast
3 a promise
this evening. These dark clouds (~! us showers overnight,
4 a scheduled event and this time tomorrow it (1! across most ofNew England.
5 a prediction based on what we believe However, we think the rain(~! on Monday and things will
6 a future intention start to improve from Tuesday. So, after a wet weekend, we
7 a spontaneous decision can pro mise you that we ( ~! higher temperatures next week,
with the possibility of a heatwave by next Saturday.
Recycle ~----------,
We believe that the hurricane will arrive in the evening.
O Grammar practice
Maybe it'II snow tomorrow.
We often use the verbs think and believe or the adverb maybe Language in action
to express predictions about the future.
9 Give a weather forecast for one of the maps.
Use exercise 8 as a model. Describe the weather
7 Write the correct option.
on the map. Say what you think the weather
1 5am This bag is heavy! Phil /'m / /'/1 help you. will do afterwards.
2 Sorry, 1 forgot your umbrella. /'m going to/ /'/1 bring it in The map shows we 're going to have ••.
tomorrow, 1 prornisel
3 Do you think people are living/ will live on another
planet one day?
4 The climate change conference doesn't start / wi/1 start
until 9 a.m. nextTuesday.
5 Look at those black clouds. Is it going to/ Wi/1 it
rain soon?
6 l'm going to study / studying meteorology one day.
7 The Bulls are losing 94-88 and there are only two
minutes left. We atent going to/ wont win the qarnel
8 My cousins are flying / wi/1 fly to Recife tomorrow. They
bought their tickets online.

Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 103 Unit 7

 Around the world
World spor-rs
;~ britA
International (B
Sports Round Up

1 Kabaddi is over 4,000 years

old and is thought to have
originated in India. There
are two teams: seven players
5 from each team are on the
court at one time, with the
other five as substitutes .
One by one, players called
raiders set off into the other
10 team's half of the court to
"tag" opponents . Toe players they tag are out, but the
raider then has to make it back to their half without
Reading and Vocabulary being stopped by the rest of the opposing team. And all
of this while chanting "Kabaddi Kabbadi" under their
1 G 2.20 Read the title of the two game reports and 15 breath! It's like watching a mixture of wrestling and
look at the pictures. Which six words do you think rugby as the teams take turns tagging each other for
will be in the reports? Then read and listen to see if one point each. Each game lasts 40 minutes, with two
you were correct. halves of 20 minutes.

accuracy attack course game penalty rink

spectators speed stamina tournament

2 Read the reports again. Are the sentences true, false,

or not in the text? Justify your answers and correct
any false sentences.
There are twelve members of a Kabaddi team.
2 The raiders leave their side in small groups.
3 Kabaddi players aren't allowed to touch players from
the opposite team.
4 Sri Lanka was winning the game at half time.
5 The road bowling course is closed to vehicles.
Game report ~
6 Bowling games are won by the player who throws the
most balls to reach the end. Women's World Cup Quarter Finals:
7 Far most of the course, there wasn't a big difference Pakistan versus Sri Lanka 36-45
between the two players. Sri Lanka was in a league of its own when it qualified
8 Conor O'Driscoll was pleased with his performance. 20 for the semi-finals of the Women's World Cup yesterday
in an exciting game against Pakistan. Toe Sri Lankans
O Reading extension played a top-notch game.The fi.rst half ended with Sri
3 Read the Learn it! Lanka already in the lead, winning 28-22 at half time. In
box and translate the second half, Pakistan put up a good fight and made
Common error
25 sorne good tackles on Sri Lanka's raiders. However,
the phrases into
Common set phrases don't they were fighting a losing battle towards the end, as
your language.
always translate word for word. Sri Lankas players had much better stamina. When
1 at half time Sometimes we have to add or Pakistan's raiders entered their half of the court, the Sri
2 at the end of change words, or use different Lankans defended brilliantly.
the game prepositions in other languages. 30 Sri Lanka will be competing for a place in the final
against India in next week's semi-final. Will they make
it all the way or settle for the bronze medal?
Unit 7
 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Word builder ldiomatic expressions
highlighted words in the reports.
An ( ... )is a player from the opposite team. 5 Complete the idiomatic expressions from the reports.
2 The (. .. )is the person who finishes second in a Then use the context to explain what they mean.
competition. 1 be in a( ... ) of their own 4 be no( ... ) for
3 The people or team who finish third win the ( ... ) meda l. 2 put upa good ( ... ) 5 get off to a( ... ) start
4 A( ... ) is a player who replaces another player from the 3 fight a(. .. ) battle
same team.
5 The ( ... ) marks the end of a race or competition.
6 Complete the dialogue with the correct form of an
expression from exercise S.
6 A(. .. ) is when you try to prevent another player from
running forward. Rashid What a frustrating qamel
O Vocabulary practice 1 mean, the other team

(l) start, so it felt like we

(2 ) battle all the way.
Ball sports ~
Cammie To be honest, your team
Two players compete against each other in this (3) fight, but the other
traditional Irish game which started in the 1600s. lt is team seemed better
35 played on country roads, on a course which is normally trained. Maybe it's time
3 km long. Toe players throw steel balls the size of tennis the team looked for a
halls along the road. Toe winner is the person who gets new coach.
the hall to the end of the course in the fewest throws. Rashid Maybe you're right.
............................................................... Last season we (~) own,
but this year we (5) for
anyone.

O Vocabulary practice
Language in action
7 Describe a memorable sports event that you have
attended or watched. Use words and phrases from
exercise 1 and exercises 3-5 to help you.

8 Write a game report for the event you described in

Game report ~ •mmr-;n exercise 7. Mention:
Junior Singles Final: • what sport was being played
Sean Carter versus Conor O'Driscoll • who was / were playing
Conor O'Driscoll was no match for Sean Carter in • what the score was
40 yesterdays road howling juniors final. Despite the heavy • which player(s) played well
showers, hundreds of spectators showed up to watch the • exciting moments during the game
game, which took place in Upton, County Cork. Carter
managed to cross the finish line two bowls ahead of
O'Driscoll. Both players got off to a good start. In fact,
45 for most of the game, the two contestants were neck and O Culture video:
neck in the race to the finish line . Towards the end, Cricket
Carter had much better control of his hall, and
in the last kilometer he managed to throw
with greater speed and accuracy
50 than O'Driscoll. O'Driscoll was
runner-up last year, too, so he
was disappointed to have to
settle for second place again. Unit 7
 CoM?~riW1.'3
Practical English ~t'ld c.oW1.-rr~s-riW1.'3

Reading, Listening,
and Vocabulary
1 Read the What's on ads.
Which one do you think
looks the most interesting?
Justify your choice.

2 ~ 2.21 Imagine you are a

newspaper editor. Listen to
the radio ads and correct
eight factual mistakes in
the printed ads.

3 ~ 2.21 Read the Language point. Then,

listen to the ads again. Complete the
sentences with the correct form of the
words in the box.

Language point ~
Comparatives
and superlatives
Speaking and Listening
The bowling alley is bigger, better, and more
high-tech than the one in the next town. It's
the biggert, best, and mort high-tech alley in
the area.
We use the comparative to compare two people,
places, or things, and the superlative to compare
a person, place, or thing to more than two others.
We also use (not) as(. .. ) as anda number of
other phrases to make comparisons.
big educational exciting good
late many pleasurable
June 3 is guaranteed to be(. .. ) day of
the year.
2 The Planetarium has ali (. .. ) technology.
3 lt promises to be one of ( ... ) and enjoya ble
free-time options in town.
4 There's never been a( ... ) way to learn.
5 Quality bowling just gets ( ... ) and ( ... ) .
6 (. .. ) the group, ( ... ) the discount!
ijNJ
7 With ( ... )ten top movies to choose from ...
O Language practice
4 Choose one of the situations. Compare and contrast the venues
in exercise 1. Use the functional language box to help you.
You and sorne friends will be visiting Milton for two days at the
beginning of June. Discuss which venues and activities would
appeal to you most and decide which two you will visit. Agree
on the days and times that you will go there.
"I think the planetarium is the most intererting place to visit."
"l'm not sure. lt might be educational, but it won't be as exciting as the
bowling alley."
2 You work for the tourist information office. Give information to
a family with three children aged 6, 9, and 12, comparing and
contrasting places they can visit in Milton.
"lf you're looking tor something tor the whole family, the bowling alley
has a discount, so it might be cheaper."
5 ~ 2.22 Listen and repeat the phrases. Where does
the speaker's voice go up?
lntonation
There are thrilling shows for all age groups.
Hockey Dock is the place to go.
What are you waiting for?
The only movie theater in town with Digital 4D screens.

Unit 7
 Language in action
O Speaking preparation
8 Work with a partner. One of you is Student A and
the other is Student B. Read only your information
below. Then role-play a conversation comparing and
contrasting free-time options in your hometown.
Reach an agreement. Use the functional language and
sound enthusiastic about the suggestions you make.
Student A: You have just finished your tests and want
a relaxing weekend. You'd like to go to the movies, go
shopping, etc. Suggest how you could spend your time.
Student B: You are Student A's parent and feel that he/
she needs sorne exercise after weeks of studying. Suggest
activities in your town that involve sports.
A: l'm glad it's the weekend and my tests are over, l'd really like
to go to .... That's definitely more relaxing than ...

Functional language
Comparing and contrasting
Opening times: lt might be(+ comparative) ...
Monday- Thursday 4 p.m. -10 p.m. . .. is less /more(+ adjective) than ...
Friday - Sunday 9 a.m. - 11 p.m. There are (not) as many as ...

-
General entrance fee for session:
They are notas(+ adjective) as ...
$10 adult; $6 child
... get(s) (+ comparative) and (+ same comparative) .
6 G)2.23 DICTATION Listen and write the phrases The (+ comparative), the (+ comparative) .
you hear. Then add an arrow ,;r to show where the There's never been a(+ comparative) way to ...
speaker's voice goes up. (Noun) is second to none.
You'II not only (+ base form), but you'II also
7 G) 2.24 Read the Speaking strategy and listen to the ( + base form) ...
example sentences. Compare each set of sentences.
... is the only (+ noun) in town with (+ noun) ...
Which one sounds more enthusiastic? Then answer
the questions. lt may be(+ adjective), but it won't be as
(+ adjective) as ...
How do you think the speakers feel about what
they're saying?
2 Which words are stressed in each sentence? 9 Watch the video to learn about describing pictures
in a speaking exam.
3 Does the speaker's tone of voice go up and down or
stay steady from beginning to end?

lf iN:UlíiiW41· Tone of voice

Our tone of voice and intonation tells listeners how we feel
about what we are saying. To show we're enthusiastic, we:
• use a happy tone of voice O Exam success video: Describing pictures
• use varied intonation O Dialogue practice
• stress certain words that wouldn't usually be stressed
Practica! English WB page 86 Unit 7
 Writing a formal e-mail

contact@dailyupdate.com

1 am writing in response toan article I carne across in Monday's edition of your newspaper.
1 was disappointed to read comments stating that foreign language classes should not be
mandatory in high schools. As a student of Spanish who is about to take my final tests for
Senior Year, 1 would like to point out the benefits of learning a language.

First, there is the obvious advantage of communicating in a foreign language when you are
traveling, but that is not the only thing. Languages can also help your career.
When you apply for a job, you are more likely to get an interview if you list another language
on your application.

Next, studies have shown that students who learn languages do better in math, reading,
and vocabulary tests, and they have better memories. So language learning not only
allows us to communicate, but also improves our abilities in other areas.

_J Finally, 1 am dueto set off on a trip to Spain after my tests, andas soon as 1
arrive, 1 will be trying to speak Spanish. Languages are essential for promoting
understanding between cultures. 1 therefore suggest you think carefully before
printing such comments.

Kind regards,

•• •
..
• _,-.s.,,

- ....,,

•
•••
: Model text 3 Read the e-mail again. Match 1-4 to A-D to
• make sentences.
•• •
• 1 Discuss the questions. The first paragraph explains the writer's
•• Why do people say it's important to 2 In the second paragraph, the writer describes
study foreign languages? 3 In the third paragraph, the writer refers to
2 What do you think the advantages of 4 In the final paragraph, the writer describes his
studying a foreign language are? A well-known benefits of studying a language.
B research into the topic and lists another reason.
2 Read the e-mail. Does it mention any
C reasons for writing and states the objective of the e-mail.
of your answers from exercise 1?
D plans for the immediate future and comes to
a conclusion.
Unit 7
 4 Read the Language point. Then find two more Focus on writing Sequencing words
expressions with be in the e-mail. Copy and
complete the table. 6 Copy and complete the table with the blue words

Language point i,- Future expressions

from the e-mail, '

Beginning and Happening at Ordering events

As a student of Spanish who is about to take my final ending the same time
tests for Senior Year, ... First of all, \n The moment 1, Then, after that,
We use a number of expressions with be to talk about our Last of ali, while, (~1, \~1 \~1 , afterwards,
plans for the future. (~1, in the end later

be (just) about to to talk about something that is

7 Complete the sentences with the blue words from
(+ base form) going to happen very soon the e-mail.
_J
be \~ 1 to ( + base form) to talk about the probability of lt didn't rain(. .. ) we were in Hawaii last summer.
something happening 2 There are two reasons. (. .. ), the tickets are
be \~1 to(+ base form) to talk about a scheduled very expensive.
event • ••
3 (. .. ) 1 finish school, l'm going on vacation.
• •
4 First, check the prices. ( ... ), buy your ticket. • ••
5 ( ... ), the only thing left to say is that I disagree. •• •
•• ••

.. ._¿___ ;_ • • • • .•••••.•: •.. .

•• ••
Writing task
••
. •• • ¡~-
.. •

••
••

- ,

O Writing preparation. ••
r . ••
8 Write a formal e-mail to a newspaper, responding • .j .i
to one of the headlines below. Say if you agree or , ]/'• •
disagree with the article and explain why.

Traveling by train a thing of the past

Strange weather not caused

by human activity Calls for football to
become an Olympic sport

Paragraph 1: State why you are writing and introduce

your objective.
1 am writing in response to your artiGle .••
1 would like to ...
Paragraph 2: Explain your first reason.
5 Replace the words in italics with the expressions First, there is an obvious advantage .••
from exercise 4. Paragraph 3: Provide more evidence that supports your
point ofview.
My train wi// arrive at 11 :30 p.m.
Next, studies llave shown ...
2 The number of language speakers wi/1 probably fall.
Paragraph 4: Conclude by presenting a personal
3 l'm going to take a shower now. Can I call you later? experience that demonstrates your final point.
4 Today's English class will start at 2 p.m. 1 am due to .•• / lt will be ...
5 Evie is going to leave now.
6 They will ptobably spend a lot of money on the tri p. Review and exam practice
O Language practice Go to pages 144-145.

Unit 7
 '6w1di.,,q ~
we-11-s-t-ruc-t-are-d

What's up?
-
~rqaMt-.,,,t-

1 Look at the picture and read the comments.

Then answer the questions.
What has happened at the school?
2 How do students feel about it?

Get involved

2 Look at the students' comments

again. Which one do you think
the principal will listen to? Why?

Esta: We should explain that we use

the Internet for studying, too. 1 did much
better in my science exam last year Paul: Thate so unfair!
beca use I used that study website. They can't do that.

•;Qiffii Building a well-structured

3 Read the Reflect box. Which student in exercise 1
does ali of these things (A-C)?
Get thinking
4 Look at the motion for debate. Then look at the
parts of an argument (A-C) below the table. Is the
argument for or against the motion? Copy and
complete the table with the parts of the argument.
Motion for debate:
Governments should ban social media for the whole month
of June so that students can concentrate on their exams.
For Against
Main point
Reason
argument
lt's normal to encounter situations you disagree with. Other
people are more likely to consider your point of view if you use
a well-structured argument. lt's helpful to:
A state your main point
B give a reason
C mention an example or sorne evidence
Put it together
5 Work in groups of four. Follow the instructions.
• Students A and B: Write two more arguments for
the proposal.
• Students C and D: Write two arguments against
the proposal.
• Use the table to make sure you build a

Example or well-structured argument.

evidence • Then, as a group of four, take turns to present
your arguments.

11 ... because social media 1 IJ
has a negative influence
on students' exams.___J
For instan ce, many of my friends spend
more time looking at other people's pictures 11 I think it is a good idea for governments
online than studying, so they don't learn as to ban social media for the whole month
much as they should. of June.

Unit 7
In this unit, we
• discuss the five senses
• give instructions
• complete a questionnaire

Warmbp
Warm-up
Vocabulary 4 Watch the video.
O Warm-up video
O Vocabulary presentation
1 Read the listings from different events guides.
Replace the expressions in parentheses with
the correct form of the idioms.
····································································
have a ball have a good nose for have an eye for
have an open mind have no idea take it easy
take it from (me/ us) take note of
take your breath away take your mind off

2 Which exhibition would you choose to visit? Why?

3 Use the idioms in exercise 1 to describe an A group of sixteen

exhibition or other event you have been to. artists have created
an exhibition which
1 wet1t to a cencert last summer which took my breath
will make your ears
away. 1 had no idea it would be so good ...
work hard! Images are
O Vocabulary practice accompanied by sounds,
and the beautiful
combinations will
(3 really surprise you),
and remind you of
the importance of
(4 accepting new ideas).

An exhibition where
(7 being good at
noticing) art is not
important. Visitors use
their sense of touch to
identify works of art.
(8 Believe us), you will
"see" art in a completely
different way!

Reading and Vocabulary
O Reading preparation
1 Q) 3.01 Read and listen to the
restaurant reviews. Which restaurant
do you think tests more senses? Why?
2 Read the reviews again. Answer the
questions in your own words.
What does the reviewer normally
experience, and what is different
this time?
2 Why did the reviewer have difficulty
getting to her table in Oans le Noir?
3 Who helped the reviewer, and in
what way?
4 What happened as the first course
was brought out at the Ultraviolet
Restaurant?
5 What effect did the technology have
on the food?
6 What was the reviewer's conclusion?
3 Replace the words in italics with the
highlighted words from the reviews.
The cake was delicious.
2 They use a lot of nice-smelling herbs
in their cooking.
3 The food was so horrible that I
couldn't eat any of it.
4 The snack was salty rather than
sweet, but it was very tasty.
O Vocabulary practice
l,(Sit\.q re-1~-t-ive-
?f"'Ot\.Ottt\.S
1 As a restaurant critic, /'m used to seeing and tasting dishes that are
de/icious, unusual, and occasionally inedible ! But when my editor sent
me to review two restaurants where ali my senses wou/d be put to the
test, I had no idea what to expect... ~---
5 Finding my seat at the Dans le Noir restaurant in London was quite a
challenge! You're probably wondering what made such a simple task so
difficult ... well, at this French restaurant, you can't actually see anything!
The customers sit in complete darkness, and anything which might light
up the room, like a smartphone, is banned. The idea behind the restaurant
10 is to force you to focus on taste and smell inste ad of relying on sight.
The servers, who are all blind, are experts at guiding and assisting the
customers. The server whose job was to take care of my table kept us
calm until we were more u sed to the situation and could feel our way to
our water glasses!
15 So what about the food? Well, take it from me, eating in the dark certainly
makes your senses work harder. You can really smell the aromatic dishes
when they are placed in front of you. As a critic, 1 thought I already hada
good nose for food, but I definitely learned to appreciate the smell of the
dishes more. As for my sense of touch, it seems I still have a long way to
20 go. The main course, which I was sure had the texture of meat, turned
out to be fish! lt was beautifully cooked, though, with an intense savory
taste, and I enjoyed every bite.
The Ultraviolet Restaurant, Shanghai
As images of candles moved a cross the walls, the servers walked slowly
into the dining room to the sound of a church bell. Suddenly, rock music
25 replaced the bell, and the first dish of a 20-course menu was served. That
was how my four-hour meal at the Ultraviolet Restaurant in Shanghai,
China, started.
The special effects were achieved by using enormous screens, high-tech
lighting, a sound system, and a scent machine, which allowed all five of
30 my sen ses to have a ball. The equipment was soon stimulating my sen ses
again, this time for a fish dish. The smell of the ocean filled the room and
the walls, where we had just seen candles, now showed beaches. At
the same time, the sound of seagulls carne through the loudspeakers.
You might think that this sensorial show would take customers'
35 minds off the food, but the opposite was true. lt made the meal
even more mouth-watering !
lf you're /ooking for a memorable evening of sights, sounds, and
smells as well as incredible tastes, /'d highly recommend a visit
to either restaurant. One of them takes away one sense while the
40 other is an explosion of ali senses, but both
More reviews T
of them took my breath away.
- Grammar 7 Rewrite the two sentences as one. Use a defining or
non-defining relative clause.
Defining and non-defining relative clauses
O Grammar presentation The restaurant is popular with customers. lt serves
organic food.
4 Read the sentences. Then match them to the The restaurant, which serves organic food, is popular
correct rule. with customers.
A The main ceurse, which I was sure liad the texture of meat, 1 That's the server. 1 asked her for a drink.
turned out to be fish! 2 Amy's coat was stolen from the restaurant. lt was
B Anything which might light up tl!e room is banned. pretty expensive.
1 A defining relative clause gives us information which 3 This is the recipe. My dad found it on the Internet.
identifies the noun and is necessary to know exactly 4 Keith is a banker. His son has a nose for good
which thing, who, where, etc., we are talking about. business deals.
Who and which can be replaced by that. 5 The chef in the school cafetería is going to retire soon.
2 A non-defining relative clause adds extra information She has been working there for 30 years.
about the noun when we already know which thing,
who, where, etc., we are talking about. The extra 8 Complete the review with the correct relative pronouns
information comes between commas, and the relative or adverbs. Add commas if necessary.
pronouns and adverbs can't be replaced by that. I have a friend (~! has an open mind
when it comes to restaurants. She
5 Read the blue sentences in the text. Which ones
likes trying all kinds of food, but
are defining, and which are non-defining
her favorite is still fast food!
relative clauses?
She recommended a fast-food
Recycle restaurant (~! I think is one of the
We use relative prono u ns and adverbs to refer to the following: best in town. Its called Bacoa, and
it's a pretty big place (~! you will
who for people which for things
fi.nd lots of young people and
where for places whose for possessions
students. If you have an eye for
design, you'Il love the walls (~!
6 Complete the sentences with the correct relative are covered in messages.
pronoun or adverb. Add commas if necessary.
Toe owner, (~! has two other
We went to the restaurant( ... ) we ate last week.
restaurants, uses products
2 1'11 talk to the chef( ... ) 1 did the cooking classes with. ( ~! are all local. Add to this
3 My eldest brother (. .. ) is getting married next month a range of sauces (~! will take
wants to have sorne different dishes at his wedding. your breath away, and very
4 This evening there's a party at my favorite pizzeria ( ... ) reasonable prices, and you have the
will be 15 years old next week. perfect place for a delicious meal.
5 That's the woman ( .. ) daughter is going to work as a O Grammar practice
server at our cafe.

Language in action
9 Write a short review of a restaurant or cafe. Mention
how you discovered it, who uses it,the decoration,
and the food.
There is a ceie in the center of town which l have been going
to since January. My friend recommended it, and we !ove it
because you can just relax and take it easv,

10 Share your reviews with other students. Which

restaurants or cafes would you like to try?

Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 105 Unit 8

Reading, Vocabulary, and Listening
O Vocabulary presentation Talking animals
1 Read the radio guide. Which anima Is are mentioned, Podcast of the week
and why?
Zoologist Zoe Adams will be telling us more about how
2 Read the radio guide again. Copy and complete the both animals and people use body (l) and facial gestures
table. Write the highlighted words in the correct to communicate feelings such as apprehension, (2) or
column. affection. She'II also explain how they use (3) to discover
new information about things, and tell us about monkeys
Positive feelings and Negative feelings and in a zoo that have invented a new type of (4) . Zoe will
qualities qualities inform us about other monkeys in the wild which "speak"
1 (5) languages of over (6) sounds, which really highlights
the r¡ntelligence of these animals. Finally, we'II hear about
O Vocabulary practice the two circus elephants that never (?) each otherl One of
them was injured and lived (8) for ----- ·ª""
3 CJJ.02 &
~ Listen to the podcast. Match the pictures a long time, but now they're very
from the radio guide to what the gesture shows. happy together.
There is one extra phrase.

1 demonstrating bravery 2 feeling joy 3 sensing food

4 showing friendship 5 wanting to be alone 6 warning of danger

4 G) 3.02 &
~ Listen again. Complete the podcast of the
week section with the missing information.

O Listening extension
S o,""' ~ Listen again and look at the expressions
.¡p 3.02 &
in the functional language box. Which expressions
show agreement with an affirmative sentence and
which with a negative sentence?

Functional language
Too, neither, and nor
Me too!/ 1 have, too!/ Nor does the researcher. /
Neither can I! / Me neither.

6 Read the Learn it! box and translate the collective

nouns into your language.

Collective nouns
We use collective nouns when we talk about groups of
anima Is: a herd of elephants, a flock of birds, a pod of dolphins,
a pack of dogs, a troop of monkeys, anda pride of lions.

Unit 8

Great podcast! 1 also watched an amazing video which
showed the joy of those two elephants when they were
reunited after 22 years. They were called Shirley and
Jenny, and had formed a strong friendship in the circus.
When Jenny was rescued, loneliness followed for Shirley.
She was treated badly, and lost her trust of huma ns.
Finally, she was rescued, too, and Jenny showed her old
friend a lot of sympathy. She followed her everywhere
to look after her. lt was so sweet.
P Sammie_girl 2 hours ago
1 saw that, too. Animals have strong feelings and will
display real bravery to protect their friends from danger.
1 saw another video of chimpanzees apparently showing
grief at the death of a member of their troop. The
chimpanzees showed compassion for the suffering of
others by putting their arms around each other.
p DanielB 1 hour ago
1 love those stories! 1 always thought most animals u sed
aggression to express themselves, but there's so much
more to it than that! The podcast and the videos were
really informative.
P Mary_moo 20 minutes ago
O Critical thinking
Grammar Determiners
O Grammar presentation
7 Read the sentences and the rule. Then copy the
sentences and decide if the underlined determiners
are general or specific.
A researcher studying monkeys ...
... nor does the ressarcher who was leading the study ...
(No article] Researchers were surprised.
The monkeys used a total of 120 different ~-
We use determiners such as articles to identify
nouns. They can refer either to specific things
or things in general. We don't always need a
determiner when we refer to things in general.
This is very common with abstract nouns
like those in exercise 2.
8 Write the correct option.
1 think the /a/ no article trust is important in any
relationship - animal or human. For example, the /a/
no article trust between the two hippos was amazing.
2 My dogs are happy to eat their / any / no article
type of food, but their / any / no article
favorite food is dry biscuits.
3 "Sophie, the / what / no article intelligent
animals do you know?" "I think the / what /
no article horses are very intelligent animals."
4 Do you have the information about the ones /
those / no article kittens that you told me about?
We want another / those / the one.
9 Which options in exercise 8 are about general things
and which are about specific things?
10 Complete the sentences with the determiners.
1 a another any its no article the their 1
(. .. ) giraffe presses ( ... ) neck against ( ... ) giraffe's neck
to show that it is attracted to it.
2 Gorillas stick ( ... ) tongues out to show anger.
3 ( ) blue whale is the loudest animal on the planet.
4 ( ) friendship between domestic cats is very
common, but it can be difficult to introduce(. .. ) other
cats to the household.
11 Complete the text with determiners. Use 'X' to show a
determiner isn't necessary.
Dogs are my favorite animal. l love (l) type of dog - they
are ali great! 1 like them beca use of (2) intelligence.
Another thing that I like is (3) way that they show (1)
affection. Dogs show you how much they love you, and
they will always show true (S) friendship to(?) owner.
O Grammar practice
Language in action
12 Tell other students about an animal that you like.
Say why, and mention sorne of the qualities it has.
l love cats. Cats don't all show a lot of affectiot1, but they still
bring their owners a lot of joy. My cat ...
Unit 8
 \~-re.rM-r io~I
rock ~r-r

Reading and Vocabulary Word builder Phrasal verbs with look ,

O Reading preparation
5 Which phrasal verbs from the box can you find in the
1 (D 3.03 Read and listen to the fact files. Match
fact file? Match the phrasal verbs to their definitions.
pictures 1-3 to paragraphs A-C.
look around look back look down look into look out for
2 Read the fact files again. Complete the summary
with the correct information. 1 keep trying to find 4 think about the past
2 move your eyes to the floor 5 do research
3 visita place and look at things
'
Megaliths are enormous standing stones which
form a (".1-) . An example of a megalith is the
Newgrange Tomb. During the (S), light comes
in through an opening which is above the
(6), far 20 minutes.
Cave paintings are paintings on walls and
ceilings of caves. The oldest cave painting
is not less than (?) years old, and is found
in Spain. There are many interesting cave
paintings in Australia where creatures called
Wandjina often appear. These creatures (B),
as it was thought they didn't need to speak.

3 CJ3.04 Listen and repeat the words.

Sound/w/
west what where which world

4 Copy and complete the table with the

highlighted adjectives from the fact files What are they?
and a synonym from the box. Petroglyphs are carvings or engravings on the surface of rocks.

ancient complicated full-size strange superb

How old are they?
15 Many petroglyphs date back tens of thousands of years. Sorne
examples might be from as far back as 100,000 years ago.
Adjectives Synonyms
(1)
Where can I see them?
unusual, \~)
In Europe, Galicia in Spain is a region rich in petroglyphs. In
(3) pre hºistortc,
. (4)
... África, you can see the world's largest known petroglyphs: the
(5) awesome, \~) 20 Dabous Giraffes in the Tenere Desert, Niger.
(7) actual size, \~) ~
Can you tell me more about the giraffes?
Toe Dabous Giraffes are two life-sized giraffes which were
{
(9) difficult, (~-~)
. carved onto ancient sandstone around 8,000 years ago. You
can only make them out when looking clown from above. One
O Vocabulary practice 25 theory is that giraffes were chosen because of their huge eyes,
which were symbolic of the ability to see far and wide.
Unit 8
 ,
' •
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Language in action
phrasal verbs from exercise 5.
5am wants to buy a painting. She's ( ... ) the right one in 7 Tell other students in the class about sorne rock art
all the stores right now. that you know about.
2 For my homework last night, 1 (. .. ) megaliths in the U.S.
8 Write a short fact file on the example of rock art you talked
3 We went through old pictures, and (. .. ) at the time we
about in exercise 7. Use the words in exercises 4 and 5 to
spent together in Africa.
help you, and use the fact files on this page as a model.
4 There's something on the floor. ( ... ) there.
5 You should ( ... ) the street-art exhibition.
1 think it's really cool. O Culture video:
Stonehenge
O Vocabulary practice

What are they?

Megaliths are huge stones used to create a monument or structure.
How old are they?
30 The oldest known megalith is the Góbekli Tepe in Turkey, which dates
back 11,000 years.
Where else can I see them?
Stonehenge, in England, is one of the most famous megaliths, but
Newgrange Tomb in County Meath, Ireland, is older.
35 Can you tell me more about Newgrange?
Newgrange Tomb was built over 5,000 years ago. A complex design
featuring a triple spiral was carved into a large stone at the entrance to the
tomb. Above the entran ce is the "roof box", which allows light in. This box
aligns perfectly with the sunrise on the shortest <lay of the year, the winter
• 40 solstice, on December 21. As the sun rises, light floods the center of the
~ tomb, and creates a natural light show lasting about 20 minutes.

What are they?

They are primitive paintings found in caves.
How old are they?
45 The oldest known cave paintings are in the El Castillo Cave
in Cantabria, Spain, and date back at least 40,800 years.
f iliifii§OO@S·
1

Find an example of rock art in

Where else can I see them? your country. Which of the three
They are all over the world, but one of the most impressive categories of rock art does it fall
regions is The Kimberley in North West Australia. into? When does it date back to?
50 Can you tell me more about The Kimberley? What does it show?
Peculiar figures that look like present-day aliens are very
common in these paintings, which are over 5,000 years old. The
prehistoric artists who painted the figures, called Wandjina, didn't
usually paint them with a mouth. lt was believed that Wandjina
55 could see everything, so they didn't need to speak. Most paintings
are found under rocky ledges, so you'll need to look out far them.
 Practical English : GiVit'-q it'-S-rruc.-riot'-S

Stage 2

Contents:
--- ...
• 2 pie ces plywood 30 x 30 cm
• 2 pieces plywood 46 x 30 cm --- . •
• 1 piece thin plywood 46 x 30 cm
• 1 pie ce thin plywood 46 x 30 cm with hale
• snare
• 2 straps
• 4 rubber legs
• glue
• 28 screws

Stage 1 Stage 3

30 cm l 30 cm

Page 3
Page 2

Listening and Vocabulary
1 Look at the instruction manual and
the pictures carefully. Which items
from the contents list can you see in
each picture?
2 Q)"3.05 Listen to the instructions.
They are in the wrong order. Match
pictures 1-8 to instructions A-H.
What is the final product and what
does it do?
Unit 8
3 Q) 3.06 Listen again and correct the mistakes.
1 The first thing you check that your kit contains all the correct parts. )(
2 Start to locate the instruction manual. x
3 Before of begin, lay out all the pieces. )(
4 Once you did that, begin assembling. )(
5 Next is to attach the top piece of the cajon to the sides. ,e
6 You've glued all four pieces together, wrap
the straps around the box. )(
7 Until the glue is drying, put in the snare. )(
8 In this point you should have a cajon
that's ready for playing. )(
9 The last step attaches the rubber legs
to the bottom of each corner. )(
Speaking and Writing Language in action
O Speaking preparation
4 Work with other students. Take turns to describe one
of the three stages in exercise 1 in your own words. 9 ~ 3.09 Listen to the conversation about a surprise
Use the functional language box to help you. party for Camila and number the tasks in the arder
you hear them.
S Write a short sentence that could appear in written • choose a place to have the party
instructions for each picture in the stage you • decide on the food
described above. • decide what to do at the party
• figure out how to get Camila to the party
6 Read the Language point. Which word in the
• make the guest list
example sentence is an indefinite pronoun?
• set the time
Language point ~
lndefinite pronouns 10 ~ 3.09 Listen again and underline the expressions
Check e.ve.rything against tite. list 011 page. 2. that you hear.

We use sorne-, any-, every-, and no- with -thing, -where,

-one, and -bodyto refer to a noun that is general.
7 ~ 3.07 Complete the sentences. Then listen and
check. Do the indefinite pronouns refer to things,
people, or places?
You'II soon be creating amazing sounds that will be
mu sic to( ... ) earsl
2 And ( ... ) wants to sit on a wobbly cajon!
3 Maybe you could add ( ... )to give it your own
unique style.
4 Hopefully you haven't forgotten (. .. ) !
O Language practica
8 ~ 3.08 Read the Speaking strategy and listen to
sorne instructions again. Note down two more
phrases that the speaker uses to make himself clear.
Functional language
Beginning instructions
Befare you begin, ... (+ imperative)
Start by ... (+ gerund)
The first thing you should do is ... (+ base form)
The best way to begin is by ... (+ gerund)
Continuing
After that, you should ... (+ base form)
The next step / thing is to ... (+ base form)
Once/ When you've done that, ... (+ imperative)
While + present continuous, + imperative
Finishing
The last step is to ... (+ base form)
When you've completed all the steps, you
should ... (+ base form)

ll'A':ilíf Bt41' By this point, you should have ... (+ past participle)

Making yourself clear

When giving instructions, we often have to make
our ideas clearer. We often use phrases like:
What l'm getting at is .
/ should point out .
By(. .. ), l'm referring to ...
We also use the following:
• pointing • doing mimes • drawing pictures
11 Give detailed instructions for
each stage involved in one of
the following activities. Use
the phrases in the functional
language box to help you. Make
yourself clear when necessary.
• making a meal / dessert /
drink you enjoy
• playing your favorite
video game
• assembling something from a kit
that you've made, e.g. a model car
O Dialogue practica
Practica! English WB page 87 Unit 8
 Writing: Completing a questionnaire

Model text
1 Tell other students about the last exhibition that you
Please take a few minutes to complete our feedback
went to. What was it about? Would you recommend it? questionnaire. Your opinions are very much appreciated,
and they will help us improve the exhibition.
2 Read the completed questionnaire about an
1 Personal information
exhibition. Is the reviewer's feedback generally
positive or negative? Name: [ Sarah Barker

3 Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false ones. E-mail address: I sbl 92@sbmail.com

The reviewer gives more than one rea son for wanting Age: 16
to go to the exhibition. Date of visit:
'.:=June
I
: =================='
4
. 1

2 The reviewer only mentions one thing she liked.

2 General impressions
3 The reviewer doesn't comment on the way the
exhibition was set up. Give each of these things a score out offive
(1 = very unsatisfied, 5 = extremely satisfied).
4 The reviewer goes into detail about why she
liked things. 2 3 4 5
5 The reviewer doesn't suggest a solution to a problem.
V V V v
6 The reviewer adds a criticism as a final comment.

4 Read the Language point. Copy and complete the v

rules with so ... that or such ... that.

Language point ~
V v V
so ••• that and such ... that
The ice cream was so delicious that I wat1ted some more. lnformation available U V V

1 had such a good time that l've recommet1ded it to lots

of friet1ds.
We use (. .. ) + adjective / adverb + that to show
the res u lt of the situation.
2 We also use( ... )+ adjective + noun + that to
show the result of the situation.

5 Rewrite the sentences as one sentence. Use so ... that

and such ... that.
The experiments were repetitive. 1 was really bored.
The experimet1ts were so repetitive that I was really bored.
1 lt was hot. 1 went for a swim when I got home.
2 The host is a good speaker. Her talks are always full.
3 The exhibition is expensive. Mark can't go to it.
4 lt was a challenging problem. Kate couldn't salve it.
5 The test is easy. Everyone will be a ble to do it.
O Language practice

Unit 8

Please also answer these questions:
1 How did you hear about the exhibition, and
what made you com e?
1 saw a report on the news about the exhibition,
and I decided to go a long mainly dueto the
experiments which the reporter did. 1 was also
interested because of my biology classes on the
senses, which I had enjoyed very much.
2 What did you like most about the exhibition?
The exhibition was divided into two halves,
theoretical and practica 1, and I really liked that. The
museum staff who gave the explanations were so
entertaining. 1 had a ball doing the experiments
that tested all of our sen ses. 1 thought that I had
a good nose for discovering the source of smells,
and I could identify the bad fish easily, but I had
no idea what sorne of the other smells were. 1 had
sorne apprehension about doing the blindfolded
taste test, too, but I guessed everything correctly,
and I didn't have to eat anything horrible! In fact,
the ice cream was so delicious that I wanted sorne
more. 1 think that was my favorite thing!
3 What do you think we could improve?
We had to wait a long time to do the
experiments as a result of the lines. 1 think fewer
people should be allowed in at one time.
4 Any other comments?
1 had such a good time that l've recommended it
to lots of friends. Thank you!
Focus on writ_ing Giving reasons
6 Find the blqe sentences in the questionnaire. Then
copy and complete the rules with the correct option.
Because of, as a result oi, and due to are followed by a
noun phrase / adjective.
2 Because of, as a result of, and dueto have a different I
the same meaning.
7 Rewrite the sentenc~s using the words in
parentheses.
We didn't go to the outdoor exhibition beca use it rained.
(because of). ,
We didn't 90 to the outdoor exhibition because of the rain.
1 Amy lost her ticket beca use there was a strong gale.
(as a result of)
2 Jack was disappointed beca use he got bad test seores.
(because of)
3 The bus was late beca use there were traffic problems.
(dueto)
Writing task
O Writing preparatiori
8 "Ihink of an event you have been to recently. Copy
the questionnaire. Then, complete it with feedback
onyourchoseneven~
Question 1: Say how you heard about the event, and why
it interested you.
lsaw ...
1 was also interested because of ...
Question 2: Explain what you liked about the exhibition,
and say why. Mention your favorite thing.
ltwas ...
1 hada ball ...
My favorite thit19 was ...
Question 3: Mention anything that you were not so happy
about, and suggest what you think the causes were. Give a
possible solution.
Wehadto ...
Maybe ...
Question 4: Give any further information that you think
would be useful or of interest to the organizers.
lt was such a ... that ...

A fi'i li':1tt ti· lff:f' ul ·I ttM MM

Go to pages 146-147.

Unit 8 moo
 ?y-e,se,tt-rittq -rke-
21 st Century Skills re,Sttl-rS ~ {,t surve-11
-- -
What·s up? Happiness Survey
How does spending time alone make you feel?
1 Karl and Erica conducted a survey as research for a
11 = very happy; 2 = happy; 3 = OK; 4 = not very happy; 5 = sad 1
class presentation on "happiness," Look at their results.
How could they present this information more clearly? Results
e-ec.K'f 2 Patricia 3
Ton't 3 Lester 1
Get involved
Norman 3 Liz. 4
2 Look at the survey results again. Are these sentences Martin 4 6ieor9e 2
true or false? C.ar\a 1 1'hillipa 3

Most students did not feel sad about spending time alone. :fames 4 E-d\llard ?
2 Nobody felt very happy about spending time alone. E-1\ie 3 Tom 3
:fasmine 2 David 2
3 Sorne students didn't feel happy or sad about it.
e-ett't 3 C.aro\ine 3
4 Two students said spending time alone made them feel sad.

•;tii@ii Presenting the results

of a survey
3 Read the Reflect box. Why would a chart be better for a
presentation than the table of results in exercise 1? When you present the results of a survey, charts can help to
show the information more clearly and effectively. Choose a
suitable type of chart for the information. For example:
Get thinking • pie chart • bar chart • line chart

4 Read Karl and Erica's analysis of the survey and

complete it with the items in the box. Use the bar chart.
llltliJ ~

a---, don't feel very happy feel happy feel very happy feels sad

We. ar,Ke.c\ e.i9rite.e.n peopie in trie. da% "\-\ow c\oe.ñ

npe.nc\in9 time. aione maKe. '!ºu fe.e.\?" 1he. c.riart nriowñ
our re.nultñ from "ve.fi riappf to "sad." ---~-
~]- - 1 11
1he. rnost popular annwe.r in trie. c.laññ wañ ".(1:-).". four
5
pe.ople. _(_~). anc\ almOñt trie. ñame. number of peopie 4-- ------+--- -----
_(_~). lnte.re.ntin9I'(, onl'( one pe.rnon .\"'!-). anc\ two pe.ople. 3-·- --
2
.\~. about npe.nc\in9 time. aione.
More. pe.ople. are. riappie.r npe.nc\in9 time. aione, but trie. 1 ~~
o
t
1
re.nultñ are. pre.tt'( balanc.e.c\ t.i9rit pe.ople. are. ne.itrie.r 1 = very happy 2 = happy 3 =OK 4 = notvery
happ'( nor nac\. 1he.'! probab\i e.njo'( c\oin9 triin9n witri happy

frie.nc\n as we.11 añ npe.nc\in9 time. alone..

"'

5 In pairs, create and conducta survey, then present it to the class. Follow these steps:
Think of different activities that might make you happy. Choose one and complete the question for your survey:
"How does ... make you feel?"
2 Walk around the classroom and ask every student your question. Ask for an answer from 1 (very happy) to 5 (sad).
3 Make a chart with your results and write a short analysis.
4 Present your results to the class.

Unit 8
 In this unit, we
• talk about summer jobs
• give notices and warnings
• write a narrative

Warmbp
Warm-up
., • 6, •• , •• ,

Vocabulary 4 Watch the video.

O Vocabulary presentation O Warm-up video

1 Read the quiz. Then answer the

questions so they are true for you.

2 Check your score. Do you agree?

3 Compare your answers and your score with
other students.
O Vocabulary practice

How would your friends

describe you?
a Mr. / Ms. responsible! 1
enjoy caring for others.
b Mr. / Ms. sociable! 1 love
doing things with others.
e Mr. / Ms. independent! 1 prefer
to depend on myself.

Apart from earning money,

what are the other benefits of
applying for a summer job?
a lt's an opportunity to learn and
improve.
b lt's a great way to meet new
people.
e lt can help me prepare for
work in the future.
Unit 9
 ?t:tS-r ~r~e.c-r
t:tttd ?t:tS-r ~r~e.c-r
Summertime cott-r jW\l(ottS
Reading and Vocabulary
1 Think of three reasons for doing a summer job.
Compare your reasons with a partner's.
2 G) 3.10 Read and listen to the forum. Which two of
these things are not mentioned?
teach children go on vacation go online
make use of what you learn at school relax
work abroad work for free start your own business
STUDENT SUMMER
1 Sazl O THREAD STARTER: summer jobs May 28 18:32
Hi, guys! Please help - 1 need sorne ideas for summer jobs!
l've been too busy concentrating on my schoolwork to think
about them. Is it too late to find one now? @ reply ..,.
5 Dude87 re: summer jobs May 28 18:59
lt looks like it! 1 worked as a counselor ata summer camp
for children last year, but I had applied far the job five
months befare! The type of summer job you might get also
depends on what you do in your free time. l'd been working
10 as assistant coach far a children's basketball team far a few
months when I applied. That was enough to get me good
references far the summer camp job.
votes t 3 ,1, O reply ..,.
Lazy342 re: summer jobs May 28 19:26
15 1 hadn't thought about doing a summer job until I carne across
this farum. Summertime is far chilling out, not working!
votes t 4 ,1, 5 0 reply ..,.
Lenny57 re: summer jobs May 28 19:18
The problem with jobs at places like summer camps is that
20 you need sorne re)cperience (as Dude87 points out) or
qualification~. 1 don't have time to prepare far a counselors test
ond do school stuff at the same time. Last summer, 1 decided to
put the grass-cutting skills that I had been practicing at home
all year to good use, and I set up my own gardening business.
25 1 was making money and getting lots of exercise!
votes t 6 ,1, 1
O Critical thinking
3 Read the forum again. Answer the questions with the
na mes from the forum. Who ... ?
1 worked with animals
2 decided what time they wanted to work
3 has been thinking about their schoolwork
4 mentions clothes
5 isn't interested in summer work
6
O Reading extension
.
applied for ajoba long time befare starting
1 Georgie99 re: summer jobs May 28 20:39
What about trying to benefit from all the schoolwork
you've done? 1 set myself upas a children's tutor in school
subjects (math and physics) that I had done really well
5 in last year. 1 advertised myself on a local community
website, and I had work ali summer! 1 also organized the
schedule so that it suited me (no getting up too early!).
votes t 7 ,1, O reply ..,.
ZOOkeeper re: summer jobs May 28 21 :07
Sazl O, you could do sorne volunteer work, and contribute
10 to society! 1 worked as a teen volunteer at my local zoo,
teaching kids about how the zoo looks after its animals. 1
had been working as a volunteer at the zoo on Saturdays
all year, so that helped me get the job. But there are lots
15 of volunteer jobs that would look great on your résumé.
votes t 8 ,1, 2 reply ..,.
Princess re: summer jobs May 28 21 :28
hadn't been thinking much about summer work, either,
1
befare I did my end-of-year tests last June, but I faund
20 lots of job offers on the Internet. lf you go to websites
that specialize in summer jobs, l'm sure you'II find
something interesting. © Just make sure you're nicely
dressed if you have to go far an interview !
votes t 8 .a. O reply ..,.
4 Complete the text with the correct form of the
highlighted words from the forum.
When you apply for a job, you usually have to send your
(l), which should include your personal details, your
school history and (2), and any work (3) that you have.
lf the company is interested, they might ask you to send
sorne (4) from people who know you well, and invite you
toan (S).
O Vocabulary practice
5 Q) 3.11 Listen and repeat the words.
8 Complete the forum post with the correct past
perfect simple and continuous form of the verbs
in parentheses.
KateMate re: summer jobs May 28 22:07 ~
Last year, 1 didn't apply for a summer job until
ali the "good" jobs (1 go). 1 was finally offered
a job that lots of people (2 not want) to do:
a garbage collector! 1 worked with two guys
who (3 do) the job for years. We didn't pickup
nice garbage bags that people (4 leave) in the
street. We went around collecting garbage

;+N.'11 Sounds /{J/ and /d/

join this conversation how useful the tips are
from the parks where people (S have) picnics
all day. We didn't empty the truck until we
(6 collect) for a week! The smell was incredible!
When I got home every day, the clothes that 1
but there are lots of jobs on the Internet
(7 wear) had to be washed immediately, and
1 went straight into the shower! lt was a hard
job, but I learned a lot. 1 (8 not do) the job for
Grammar Past perfect and past long when I thought that maybe all young
perfect continuous people should try it. lt makes you realize that
O Grammar presentation without garbage collectors, our towns and
cities would be horrible places!
6 Read the sentences. Copy and complete the rules
votes t5 ,1, O reply ..,_
with the correct option.

1 worked as a counselor at a summer camp for childre11 Iast

vear, but I had applied for the job five mo11ths befare!
1 had11't bee11 thi11ki11g much about summer work, either,
befare I did my e11d of vear tests last Ju11e.
We use the past perfect for completed actions ! longer actions
or situations that happened before a specific time in the past.
We use the past perfect continuous for completed actions /
longer actions or situations that happened before a specific
time in the past.
7 Complete the sentences with the correct past perfect
simple or continuous form of the verbs in the box.
O Grammar practice
Language in action
9 Write a post for the forum. Describe a job that you
did in the past. lt could be a job that you did at home
or for a neighbor. Explain what you did, who you
worked with, and what the job was like.
Last year, 1 had11 't pla1111ed a11ythi11g for the summer, so 1
agreed to ...

finish not receive not wait play see write

After Jack ( ... ) his tests in July, he decided to look

for a summer job.
2 Ann ( ... ) her résumé for hours when her computer
suddenly crashed.
3 1 ( ... )long when the manager arrived to interview me.
4 A lot of people applied for the job beca use they ( ... ) it
advertised on the company's website last month.
5 5am didn't start the job at the summer camp last week
beca use the company (. .. ) his references.
6 Lisa hada headache beca use she ( ... )video games for
four hours.
Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 133 Unit 9
 ?~S1" MOd~IS o~
de..duc..f-iott ~ttd
Success ?<JSSibíli-f-1:i

Vocabulary and Listening

Research has shown that successful people reach their goals not because of who they are,
but because of what they do. Here are sorne of their tricks that we can all copy!

1 Have clear goals? 3 Be 6 consistent / rewarding

"Get a seven in English" is a better
objective than "studv harder". Knowing
exactly what you want to achieve is much
more 1 motivating / determined, and it
will make you want to do well. Also, think
about what you have to do to rea ch your
goal. Far example, if you want to be more 2 academic /
varied, organize your time so you can study more.
Once you have a goal, work towards it
everyday. Be 7 realistic / determined
to work regularly towards your goal.
However, try to avo id doing 8 repetitive /
motivating tasks, if possible. Make
what you do sufficiently 9 varied /
effective to stop you from becoming
bored and losing interest.

2 Choose 3 consistent / realistic goals 4 Aim to be better, not the best

Focus on the new, positive things u;;:...::;;;
,.....:::::::::::::;;;_.,;_;;;.. ;;;..;; ,=i_.1
lt's good to test our abilities with
4 repetitive / challenging tasks, but that you are doing, not on the
make sure you don't give yourself negative ha bits you want to give
objectives that are impossible to fulfil. lf up. Seeing yourself improve is
you want to be 5 academic / effective in very 10 challenging / rewarding,
reaching your goal, you will need time, and vou'll feel satisfied with your
effort, and a plan. efforts.

O Vocabulary presentation ~ O c,;t;ca1 th;nk;ng

1 In pairs, discuss why sorne people are more successful
than others.

2 Read the article and choose the correct adjectives.

O Vocabulary practice
3 G 3.12 Listen to the radio program about three
successful teenagers. Match the teenagers to the
secrets of success in the article that they use.

4 G3.12 Listen again. Correct the mistakes in

the sentences.
1 Eleanor has taken pictures since she was 12. >C
2 She soon realized that photography was a cheap hobby. >C
3 Eleanor learned that taking pictures is easy. >C
4 Neveah is from San Francisco and she's 13 years old. >C
5 Neveah has decided to read 300 blogs ayear. >C
6 Neveah has a clear goal and is effective. >C
7 When Sam left school he lost weight. >C
i;: ELEANOR HARDWICK ~
8 A group ofyoung boys encouraged Sam on his first run. >C
9 Sam ran five marathons in seven weeks. >C

Unit 9
5 Look at the phrases from the radio program. 8 Rewrite the sentences using past modals of
Which ones are u sed to ... ? deduction or possibility. In sorne cases there is
1 attract attention more than one possible answer.

2 express surprise l'm sure Eleanor left her camera at home.

2 She was asking a lot of questions. 1 think she was
a journalist.
Functional language 3 Neveah passed ali her tests. l'm sure she studied hard.
Exclamations 4 l'rn not sure, but I think Neveah was at the
Hey! / No way! / Really? / Wow! library yesterday.
5 l'm sure Sam put on weight last year.

O Vocabulary practice 6 l'm certain Sam didn't win the race.

9 Replace the underlined words with past moda Is of

Grammar Past modals of deduction deduction or possibility. In sorne cases there is more
and possibility than one possible answer.
O Grammar presentation
6 Complete the rules with can't have + past participle, The perfect sport
might have + past participle, may have + past
1 started judo classes four years ago. 1 (1) obviously
participle, must have + past participle, or could have
+ past participle. didn't enioy the first class beca use I told my parents
that I didn't want to go back! They (2) obviously
lt can't have been easy for Eleanor. persuaded me to try a few more classes, beca use l've
She might have given up photography. been going ever since! The good thing about judo is
A 13-year-old girl may have decided that her goal was to that the different colored belts mean that you have
become a dancer. clear goals to aim far. In my first year, the coach
Teenager Sam Beard must have felt really bad. (3) possibly thought that I wasn't good enough to get
l-le could have easily given up. the yellow belt, beca use I didn't do the test, but since
then !'ve progressed to the blue belt. 1 (4) clearly hada
We use the modal verb forms \~ ! , !~! , and !~! when we want good year last year beca use I was chosen to represent
to speculate about the past. the club in a national competition!
1 (5) possibly considered choosing
We use the modal verb forms \~! and \?! to make logical a different sport four
deductions about the past. years ago, but l'rn glad
1 didn't. 1 love judo!

7 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

1 been can't could have made must 1

Andy didn't study very hard far the test, but he passed,
so he could have ( ... ) lucky.
2 He worked hard and he had a clear objective, so he
( ... ) have been highly-motivated.
3 The audience at the conference booed, so his
presentation (. .. ) have been a success:
4 They were carrying lots of books, so they ( ... ) have
been students.
5 Dan looks ti red. He can't ( ... ) slept well last night.
6 We might have (. .. ) a mistake.
O Grammar practice
Language in action
10 Write a paragraph about a successful experience.
Say why you think certain things happened and
what goals you achieved.
One of the best experiences that I have had is when I started
dancit,g classes after school. 1 must have asked my mom lets
of times to take me to dance classes because she ...

11 Tell other students about your successful experience.

Grammar and vocabulary reference WB page 133 Unit 9

 Around the world

Reading and Vocabulary

1 el) 3.13Read and listen to the FAQ page. What is the
link between the weather and space? How can space
technology help people deal with the weather?

2 Read the FAQ page again. Complete the

sentences in your own words.
1 In 1969, the ISRO ( ... ).
2 The ISRO wants to develop space technology
beca use( ... ).
3 lnformation on the natural environment of the
Earth (. .. ).
4 For two years, Chandrayaan-1 ( ... ).
5 The aim of the Mars Orbiter Mission ( ... ).
6 New technology developed by ISRO can( ... ).
O Reading extension
3 Replace the word in italics with the highlighted
words from the FAQ page.
1 The ISRO has been involved in many space projects.
2 The lift-off of the Mars Orbiter Mission was in
November 2013.
3 The astronauts took samples from the top !ayer of
!and of the moon.
4 The ISRO have satellite systems that are in motion
around the Earth.
5 The ISRO is interested in finding out about the air that
surrounds Mars.
O Vocabulary practice 1 What is ISRO's main goal?
ISRO concentrates mainly on developing space
technology. The organization intends to use this
f ;Jiiiihífll~ technology to improve the everyday lives of the
people of India. Far example, modern meteorology
Find out information about the first mission to the moon, relies on images from satellites in space. These
including the name of the mission, when it took place, and images can give the lndian people more accurate
how long it lasted. Then find out which astronauts were forecasts so thatthey can prepare far extreme
involved, and what the first astronaut to step on the moon weather conditions such as monsoons.
said. 2 How can ISRO achieve this goal?
lt has created two majar space systems to collect
data from space, both of which have satellites in
orbit. The first is used to advance meteorological
services, as well as to improve communication
and television broadcasting through the use of
satellites. The second gathers information about
the natural environment of the Earth from space to
monitor pollution.
 Word builder Confusing words
4 Find the bold words in the sentences below in the FAQ
page. Check their meaning. Are the words right or wrong in
the sentences?
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai was designed to the position of head of
the ISRO.
2 This will be the organization's ultimate mission as they are
closing down.
3 There was an emergence during
the space mission andan astronaut
was hurt.
4 They intended to launch the rocket
next week, but there have been sorne
technical problems.

10 ... 9 ... 8: The launch of Chandrayaan-1 mooncraft 5 Write new sentences for
the words which are used
Has ISRO launched any space missions ?
incorrectly in exercise 4. The
Yes, it has. lndia's first mission to the moon
words in your sentences should
began on 0ctober 22, 2008, with the launch of
have the same meaning as the
Chandrayaan-7. The craft stayed 100-200 km
words in the FAQ page.
above the rnoon's surface during its two-
year orbit. Then, on November 5, 2013, ISR0 O Vocabulary practice
launched its Mars 0rbiter Mission. This was
lndia's first interplanetary mission to Mars.
Listening
4 Does this mean that lndians might have
landed on Mars?
6 0)3.14 Listen to a student
No, as its name suggests, the mission
describing a set of
involved launching an unmanned craft
pictures. Which of these pictures is
designed to orbit and study the physical
features and atmosphere of Mars, but not described? How do you know this?
actually land on the surface. The satellite
was launched after lndian scientists had Language in action
spent just fifteen months and $75 million on
it, building it much more quickly and cheaply
than American and European satellites.
7 Describe the two pictures in
exercise 6 that the student didn't talk about.
5 How can knowledge from space be applied?
Say how they might relate to one another and
Space research is essential for the the research done by the ISRO.
emergen ce of new satellite-based
technologies in meteorology. In a country
which has around six weeks of very heavy
rain every summer during the monsoon
O Culture video:
Visiting Mars
sea son, these new technologies can be used
to save lives and crops. Climate change in
India can also be more easily monitored than
in the past, dueto ISR0 research.
Each space mission by agencies like ISR0
is just "one small step" in the space puzzle.
However, ea ch step takes us a little further
towards a better future.

And we have lift-off: An lndian-made satellite launched

from Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota Unit 9
 Givittq tto-ricLS
Practical English ~t\d l,C)~O\ittqS

Reading, Listening, and Vocabulary

1 Imagine you want to go on an exchange program. 4
Read the website and answer the questions.
Which option from the "l'd like to" box would you
choose far your exchange program?
2 lf you wanted to study abroad far a complete year,
which ofthe options on the site would you choose?
Why?
Conversation 1
3 What would worry you most about going abroad on
(l) a lot of time and thought, \2) make the best use of your time.
an exchange program? Why?
Conversation 2
2 0)3.15 Listen to three phone conversations. Which (3) You've done the right thing by calling us. But hurry! (~) start
links on the website will callers 1-3 click on? getting organized soon, (S) have enough time to get visas. Book
soon, (6) not get the place you want.
3 0)3.15 Listen again. Complete the notes from the
Conversation 3
conversations. Use the functional language box on (?) leave without taking out good travel and medica! insurance.
page 117 to help you. Also, befare going anywhere, (S) be familiar with local customs and
laws. (9) research local prices thoroughly, otherwise he might end
THE EXPERIENCE OF A up paying more than he needs to for certain things. (l_O) tell him to
watch out far taxi drivers. (l_l l agree a price befare getting in the car.

LIFETIME
school year abroad complete school years
school semester abroad families and accommodations
three month program international flights
summer homestay international train schedules
... and I need more info about ... sightseeing trips
language classes
travel insurance
 Language in action
O Speaking preparation
10 What warnings would you give the people in these
situations? Discuss with other students. Use the
5 Use the functional language box to give notices and functional language to help you. Vary your language
warnings about the consequences of not taking the using synonyms and antonyms where possible.
two most important items from exercise 4 with you. • a young person who wants to come to your country to
study at high school
6 Match the highlighted words on the website to the • a teenager who wants to spend a month traveling
words and phrases that have the same meaning. through South America by train
1 a place to stay 4 specialist • a group of friends who want to volunteer on a
2 a vacation staying with 5 programs conservation project in another country
a local family 6 assistance
3 a place to go 7 tours (n)
Functional language
7 G 3.16 Listen to sorne sentences from the phone Giving notices and warnings
conversations again. How are these words and
Always ( + base form)
phrases expressed in them? Which phrase expresses
the same idea using an opposite? Never (+ base form) unless ...
(Book) soon, otherwise you might ...
deciding 4 organize everything
(+ base form)
2 get onto 5 he doesn't get into danger
Don't let (him /her/ them) ... (+ base form)
3 find
Don't panic. / Don't worry.
8 Read the Learn it! box and the sentences. Which one (Give) this ... , or you might ... (+ base form)
refers to emphasis and which refers to worry? He/ She / You / We / They should ... (+ base form)
otherwise (he) might ... (+ base form)
Common error Hurry.

Sorne words are both nouns and verbs, but the meaning of lt's essential to(+ base form) / that you
the verb might be different from the noun. ( + base form) .
Make sure you (+ base form)
We can't stress enough how important planning is. lf you don't ... , you will / won't ... (+ base form)
2 There's a lot of stress involved in planning a tri p.

9 Read the Speaking strategy. Then look at the notices, 11 Watch the video to learn about the conversation
warnings, and tips given in the notes from exercise 3. task in a speaking exam.
Which ones did you agree with and why? Use
synonyms and antonyms to avoid using the same
words and phrases more than once.

fjjiG':ilif it&41
Synonyms and antonyms
O Exam success video:
We use synonyms and antonyms to vary our language Conversation task
and make it more interesting. O Dialogue practice
• Synonyms are words that have the same or similar
meaning to other words.
• Antonyms are words that have the opposite
meaning to other words.

Practica! English WB page 88

 Writing a narrative

Model text

$íA\Z-T \-\f,\Z-f, í\Z-A\/f,L BLOGi$ Df,$ílNAílON$ \Z-f,$0U\Z-C.f,$ BOOk$ C.OMMUNlíY ABOUí

A Last summer I participated in a teaching program as a high school

volunteer in the Volta region of the African country of Ghana for a
month. 1 went with a group of ten other 16-year-olds from ali over the
U.S. and we lived together in a big house next to the school where we
worked. lt was the most rewarding experience of my life !

B Our job was to teach English and basic math to children of elementary
school age. There was a local school, but there was a teaching crisis
in the area, and so there weren't enough teachers. That's where we
could help. 1 also acted as a soccer coach ! 1 had worked on volunteer
projects before in my hometown of Portland, but that had only been
for a few hours a week. Here, we were teaching for five hours every
morning, and it was really challenging!

e Of course, it wasn't all work. We did lots of activities on the weekends,

and one that 1'11 never forget is when we went on a canoe safari from
Mognori village. We can't have traveled for over half a kilometer when
suddenly the trees were full of small monkeys. They had been waiting
for us to arrive, andas soon as we did, they jumped down onto the
canoes and ate the bananas that we had brought with us!

D lt's nearly a year now since I went to Ghana, but I still benefit from the
experience today. lt made me more confident and more determined to
make the most of the opportunities I have. 1 feel that we must have
made a difference to the children's lives, even if it was justa small
one, and I know that they made a big difference to mine. They are
my heroes ! lt was an awesome experience that l'd recommend to
everybody!

•ili1%H90011•-
V
1
· --~ l~
~
What is the capital city of Ghana?

1 Read the advertisernent

for volunteer activities and
SVA
the blog entry. Make a note Student Volunteering Abroad ~1
of the inforrnation in the
advertisernent that relates Student volunteer Middie schooi, ages 14-15;
to the writer's experience. programs available High schooi, ages 16-18; Coilege, ages 18-21
'-=--
Destinations Africa: Tanzania and Ghana
Asia: Thailand, India, and Vietnam
Duties Teaching schooi students; Sports coaching;
Caring for the elderly; Heaith education
Duration 1-2 weeks; 3-4 weeks

Unit 9
 '
..
2 Read the blog entry again. Answer the questions Focus on writing Editing
with the correct letter of the paragraph.
Which paragraph tells us about ... ? 4 Correct the spelling and p~nctuation mistakes
1 how the experience has changed the writer in the sentences. '

2 an amusing experience Please contact Mr. Sánchez who is the head ofthe
3 who the writer went with departmen. K
4 a comparison between similar experiences 2 Sam said lm going to apply far the schoolship. K
5 the writer's responsibilities 3 We enjoy climing and were member's of a club. K
6 a free-time activity 4 Did you recieve my personal details and adress. K
7 what the writer thinks other people should do 5 He asked me if"I hadan interveiw? K
8 where the writer stayed 6 · Sam douts shell get the chance to study abroad K

3 Read the Language point. Then copy and complete
the table with the singular and plural forms of the
highlighted nouns in the blog entry.
Language point
Plural nouns
We usually add -s to a noun to talk about more than one.
However, there are sorne plural nouns that need to be
learned.
5 Correct the five grammar mistakes in the text.
1 was 14 when I visited New York City far the first time. My
parents have been planning the trip far months befare
we went. 1 can have been really excited the night befare,
beca use I couldn't sleep! 1 was reading lots of guidebooks
befare the trip, and I had a li~t of places I wanted to see. 1
spoke English far the family when we needed something.
1 can't have made sorne mistakes, but we usually got
what we needed! lt was an incredible experience, and it
met ali the expectations that I had befare going.

ends with -y change -y to -i ability- abilities Writing task

and then add -es (~1 - (~1 O Writing preparation
\~1-\~1
ends with -ch, add -es fox -foxes Write a narrative about an experience that you had
-s, or -x (5)
... -
(6)
... during a vacation.
ends with add -es potato - potatoes
consonant + o \?1-\~1
Paragraph 1: Set the scene. Where were you? Who were
ends with -is change -is to -es analysis - analyses
you with? Why were you there? Express your feelings
\~1- (~-~) about the experience.
ends with -f change -f to -v half - halves Last ... 1 .
or-fe and then add -es knife - knives
lt was tlle experience of my life.
(~_1) - (~-~)
Paragraph 2: Give details about what you had to do.
Compare it with other experiences that you have had.
l llad ... before, but ...
Paragraph 3: Explain an amusing anecdote that
happened.
Of course, it wasn 't all ...
Paragraph 4: Reflect on the experience that you had.
Explain the impact that it has had on your life.
It's nearly a ... since ... but I still benefit from tlle experience
today.
lt made me more ...
 Mt;tk.i~q t{ c.lt{SS
Group writing project; Ayear to remember t1t-t{rbook.

Work as a class to produce a yearbook. Agree

on the content and write personal profiles and
articles. Edit these, find suitable pictures, and
publish your yearbook.

• Which pages are not shown?

a list of contacts a picture competition a profile page

academic events of the year an article
extracurricular events of the year front cover
information about the school quotes of the year

• What other pages could you include in a yearbook?

1 f h #) Read the profile page and the article

• Read the student profile page. Complete gaps A-D with
questions 1-5. There is one extra question.
1 What will you be doing in ten years'time?
2 What are the most important qualities in a friend?
3 What are you going to do over the summer vacation?
4 What was your most embarrassing moment at school?
5 Which activities have you enjoyed most this year?
Name: Emma Jones
• Read the article. Decide which information (1-5) is
given in the article and which is not. Give line numbers Birthday: September 30
where possible.
1 Help that the students received to prepare the play.
Nickname: Tommy Girl
2 The writer's own performance in the play.
Contact details: emj2016@ntjmail.com
3 The students' feelings about the experience.
4 The problems that students had with vocabulary in (~): /'ve enjoyed lots of things about this year, but the best thing
the play. is having a great group of classmates to share memories with!
5 The writer's first reaction to doing the play. (~): One day when I didn't hear my alarm go off. 1 had to get ready
and leave the house rea/ly quickly. 1 arrived in time for my math
lfhJ:• Organize your class class, but I realized a few people were laughing at me: l'd put on
different colored sneakers!
• Work together and decide what you're going to
include in your yearbook. Use these ideas for \~): l'11 be working abroad and 1'11 be living in my own apartment in
Sydney or New York City! 1 want to do business studies at college,
articles and task 1 to help you.
so I hope 1'11 get a job with a big international cornpany We/1, you
have to aim high ...
an art project an award ceremony a conference at school
an exchange program a school concert a school trip (~): Sympathy and trust
a special project a sports competition Final thoughts: 1 wish everybody the best of luck for the future and
1 hope that we'II a/1 stay in touch!
• Everyone should write their own profile
page and either write an article or prepare
another type of page. Agree who is going
to do what. Make a list.

Project 3
 • Use the profile in task 2 as a model. Answer the same
questions so they are true for you.

• Use informal English.

An unforgettable night of theater

By Jonathan Roberts • Befare you start writing or preparing, remember
these things:
1 When I was first told that this year's school play was
going to be Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, 1 was a little • You are writing about something that everybody knows
disappointed because I wanted to be in a comedy and have about, so try to add new or unusual information.
sorne fun. But then I read the script and saw ali tne secrecy, • Mention sorne of the people who helped make ita
5 fighting, and romance, and I soon changed my mind. success.
Our drama teacher was the director, and because mere • Say how you and your classmates felt about the event.
were only three important female roles, sorne of the girls • lf you are working on the cover, information page, ora
had to play men, which was pretty challenging! We had a
picture page, make sure you get the information you
ball preparing for the play, but you can take it from me tnat
need from others.
1 O it was also extremely naro work. There was an amazing
team spirit though, which hetped us through the late night
Remember!
rehearsals. Creating costumes and sets was another
• Give readers a persona I view of the experience.
challenge, but we benefited from art teacher Miss tarnb's
th
skills, and managed to create an authentic 16 -century • Use the first few paragraphs to present the
15 ttalian atmosphere. preparations for the event, and finish by explaining
what happened.
The big night finally arrived and we performed in tront of
a packed school auditorium. There were a few mistakes,
but they ali added to tne fun! Everyone enjoyed it. tt was a
rewarding experience tnat we'II never forget!
• Organize your notes into clear paragraphs.

• Provide a picture / pictures for the article or page, and write

suitable captions.

Check!
• Make sure that all the information you include is
accurate. Are all the names, dates, etc. correct?

• Edit each other's profiles and articles. Check the grammar,

spelling, and punctuation. Decide if the style is su ita ble for
the yearbook.

• Agree on the final design and layout of the yearbook.

• Put ali the pages together in the best order.

• Print the yearbook or put it online.

• Read your classmates'work.

• Which profile and article do you like best? Why?

• Write down a list of ideas to use in future yearbooks.

Project 3
 Mttki~q tt ?Osi-rive.
21 st Century Skills iM?í'e,ssio~

What's up? Get thinking

1 Look at the picture. What do you think the situation is?
How would you describe Mark's attitude? Choose words
from the box or your own ideas.
bored excited friendly interested not bothered
polite rude scared worried
4 These students have created a training video on how
to make a positive impression. Look at four scenes
from the video. Which scenes show what to do and
which scenes show what not to do?

When you meet someone

for the -Arst time, remember
to look them in the eye.

Teacher Mark, there's someone here to see you. You shouldn't cross your
arms, beca use it makes
Mark Really?
you look bored or annoyed.
Teacher Yes. She's an executive for UCI Mu sic. She's
here today to look for sorne students to
Put it together
come and spend a week at her company.
Mark Oh, 1 see. 5 Work in groups of five. Prepare your own training
Teacher lt's an exciting opportunity to get sorne video. Follow the instructions.
experience in the music business. 1 Decide which of these things you want to show.

avoid eye contact be late chew gum go to bed late

Get involved keep your hands in your pockets mumble slouch
use your cell phone wear scruffy clothes
2 Now read the conversation. Choose the correct
options to complete the sentences. 2 Write a short script for your video.
The teacher is with someone 3 Decide which people in the group will do these jobs:
Mark has/ hasn't met befare. actor (x2), director, camera person, narrator.
2 The way Mark acts is/ isn't important. 4 Practice.
3 Mark's body language might / won't affect how the 5 Film your video.
new person perceives him.

•;Ai@i Making a positive impression

3 Read the Reflect box and When we meet people for the first time, things like our body language, the way we dress, and
choose the correct options our tone of voice can affect what people think about us, and reveal a lot about our attitude and
in 1-4. feelings. In order to look interested and engaged, it's important to:
1 sit forward / back. 3 wear neat and clean / messy clothes.
2 maintain / avoid eye contact. 4 use your voice to sound interested / bored.
Unit 9
 Focus on geology

Volcanoes 2 Read the text again. Match the highlighted nouns

to their definitions.
1 G) 3.17
Read and listen to the text. Which paragraph 1 the outer layer of the Ea rth
mentions the following? Write the correct letter. 2 separate parts of the Earth's surface
1 the process that creates a volcano 3 the layer of the Earth beneath the crust
2 the different states a volcano can be in 4 the place where the separate parts of the Earth's
3 the advantages and disadvantages of volcanoes surface meet and volcanoes are often formed
4 a common volcanic shape
3 Complete the diagram with the words in the box.

ash cloud ash layers cone magma chamber :

main vent side vent volcanic bombs

There are many areas of intense

geothermal activity around the world,
includingYellowstone National Park,
with its gigantic supervolcano. But what
are volcanoes, how are they formed, and
just how dangerous are they?

A
A volcano is an opening in the surface of the Earth
through which hot gas, vapor, rocks, ash, and
lava are pushed. There are around 1,500 active
volcanoes in the world. Many are conical mountains
or hills, known as cinder eones, but sorne are under Cross section of a volcano
the ocean. When a volcano is inactive, but could
erupt again, it is known as dormant. An extinct
volcano will probably never erupt again.
4 G) 3.18 ~
~ listen to the geology class. Write the
B
Volcanoes forro because of the constant movement types of volea no in the order you hear them. Which
of the Earth's tectonic plates . These plates type is not mentioned?
gradually move apart or towards each other. The ····················································
friction caused by the plates moving over and cinder cone volcano composite volcano
under each other melts the Earth's crust , causing lava dome shield volcano supervolcano ¡
the rock beneath to become liquid. This molten
rock, or magma, becomes a volcano by erupting
through cracks in the plates. Although many 5 G) 3.18 &
~ listen again and answer the questions.
volcanoes occur on plate boundaries , others lie in
the middle of a plate above a hot spot in the Earth's 1 What is pyroclastic material?
mantle. 2 In what ways are shield volcanoes different from
cinder cone volcanoes?
e
Volcanoes are one of the Earth's most spectacular 3 What are composite volcanoes formed of?
phenomena. Eruptions can have devastating 4 What is a pyroclastic flow?
effects: hot lava can destroy huge areas, and ash
5 Why are lava domes circular in shape?
clouds can cause serious health and environmental
problems. However, volcanoes are also essential
for life. They created 80 percent of the Earth's
6 Choose a type of volea no from exercise 4, but don't
surface, and they were the primary source of our say the name of it. Ask and answer questions with
atmosphere, releasing gases trapped within the other students to guess the type of volcano.
Earth. Volcanoes also provide us with fertile soil for
What is it formed of? What shape is it?
farming, and geothermal energy.

Unit 1 Currículum extra

 Focus on history

The Cold War

1 Qlj.19 Read and listen
to the text. Answer the
questions.
Who were the two
main protagonists in The Cold War (c.1945-1991) was the hostility FIRST PHASE (1948-1963)
the Cold War, and what that I emerg-ªI after World War II between the
superpowers of the USSR1 and the U.S. It started (~): u.s. drops atomic bombs on
ideologies did they
after disagreements between the Allies2 over the Nagasaki and Hiroshima, Japan.
support?
future of Germany. In 1946, the British leader
2 How was the Cold War Winston Churchill said that political ideas were 1948-9: Berlín Blockade, first
different from other separating the communist Eastern (bloq from crisis of Cold war. Stalin blocked
the democracies of capitalist Western Euro pe. He transportation to Western-
wars?
called this divide "the iron curtain." controlled Berlín, so supplies
were dropped into Berlín by(~).
2 Match the highlighted
words to their 1949: North Atlantic Treaty (~)
defi n itions. (NATO) founded.
Germany officially divided into
group of politically
communist East and capitalist
united countries West.
2 authorized to act for Communist People's Republic of
another China founded.
3 bombs or missiles that (~) : Korean War, communist
use nuclear energy north against capitalist south.
4 became apparent The war was "cold" because neither (S) start of Vietnam war,
5 bans on trade with a superpower [iiigaged in! direct military action.
communist north against
particular country
weapoñsj.
Instead, each side built up !nuclear capitalist south (ended 1975).
Militaryrivalrywas expressed in this build-up
6 took part in ("the arms race"), along with propaganda, 6) : warsaw Pact, d e fensive
(... .

3 Q) 3.20 Read the

espionage, trade ~ñfüír~, and the military agreement by
competition to be the leader in space exploration communist states.
timeline. Then listen, ("the space race").Wars were foughtffiy_~,
1956: Hungarian Revolution,
and write the missing especially in the developing world, with the
unsuccessful rebellion against
dates or words. U.S.S.R. supporting communist governments,
soviet rule.

4 Read the statement. Do

and the U.S. supporting anti-communist
rebellions.
m. Egypt tries to nationalize the
suez Canal. Israel, France, and
you agree or disagree?
During the 1960s, world politics became
Britain try to get control of it.
more complicated. Many countries were
Why? Discuss your U.S.S.R. threatens nuclear war.
becoming independent, and questioned the war's
opinions with other ideological division. 1961: Berlín Crisis, construction
students. The 1960s were a time of high tension. During of (~) to prevent East Berliners
the thirteen days of the Cuban Missile Crisis, the crossing to West Berlín.
world carne closer than ever befare to nuclear
war. One consequence was a telephone "hotlíne,"
\?): Cuban Missile Crisis,
"ío be prepared for confrontation between (~_(_))
so that the two sides could communicate more
war is t'1e best way of over missile sites in Cuba.
quickly. In the following decades, there were
preserving peat;e.,, periods of high tension and times when things
were quieter. The war finally carne to an end with
the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Glossary
"------------~~~~---i 1
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
2
group of nations that fought against Nazi Germany

Unit 2 Currículum extra

 o
0
""'--- ~
Focus on science

2
o o
Hydroelectric plants Complete the diagram using the highlighted words
from the text.
1 G,121 Read and listen to the text. Match the headings
to paragraphs A-C. There is one extra heading.

1 How hydro works 2 Hydro-history 3 Hydro-hobbies

4 Pros and cons
e
e

Humans have been harnessing the kinetic energy

generated by flowing water for thousands of years. The
Ancient Greeks and Romans used water wheels to make
flour. In the 19th century, water mills were also used to
drive machinery. Today, water is still a vital source of
energy, producing 16 percent of the world's electricity via
hydroelectric plants. So how do they work?
e
~
Water is stored in a reservoir behind a dam . It is
released through a sluice gate , and flows clown a tube A hydroelectric power plant
called a penstock , where the pressure increases as it flows.
The water pressure turns the blades of a turbine , which 3 Read paragraph B again. Are the sentences true
are connected by a long column called a shaft to or false? Correct the false ones.
a rotor in a generator , which then spins. As the rotor 1 Water travels from the reservoir via the tailrace.
spins, large magnets create a flow of electrons producing
2 The draft tube carries water to the turbine.
electrical energy. It is then suitable for transportation via
transmission lines. Finally, the water passes through a 3 The shaft links the turbine blades to the generator.
draft tube to rejoin the river through a channel called 4 The rotor stays still.
a tailrace. 5 The water continues to travel down the river after
it has been used.
e
Hydropower is a clean, renewable energy source that 4 Read the statement. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
doesn't produce greenhouse gases. Electricity is only Discuss your opinions with other students.
produced when needed, making it efficient and cheap.
However, hydroelectric plants are expensive to build, and "Any environmental dama9e tau5ed by building
require large areas of land, meaning that local peo ple a hydroeletfrit plant i5 worth n.:
may have to move. Changing the flow of river water can
also lead to harmful consequences for animals and their
habitats. Nevertheless, the benefits of hydropower mean
that this technology is likely to be around for a long time!
e Currículum extra
 Focus on P.E.
There are three kinds of muscles:
1 cardiac muscles work in the heart. They work automatically
without getting tired.
2 involuntary muscles have a smooth surface. They work
outside our control and make our interna! organs function.
3 voluntary muscles have a striped surface. They are
attached to bones by tendons and are under our control.
Voluntary muscles are the ones we can see and feel all
over our bodies. We have over 600 of them in total.
Muscles work by contracting and relaxing . When a muscle
contracts, it pulls on a tendon which is attached to the bone,
making the bone move. Muscles can pull bones, but they
can't push them back, so they work in pairs and groups to
coordinate movement. Antagonistic pairs work when one
muscle contracts and the other relaxes. When we bend and
straighten our legs and arms, we are using antagonistic pairs.
C We are born with a specific distribution of muscle fibers.
This can predict the types of sports we are likely to be good at.
Muscles
1 ~ 3.22 Read and listen to the web page. Match
the questions (1-4) to the paragraphs (A-D) which
answer them.
1 How can our muscles show what sports we are suited to?
2 How do muscles help us move?
3 What problems can occur with muscles?
4 How many types of muscle are there in the human body?
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
highlighted words from the web page.
Athletes are suited to either strength or endurance sports,
depending on the distribution of ( ... ) and ( ... ) fibers in
their bodies.
2 lf you break your leg or arm, the lack of movement mea ns
that ( ... )can occur.
3 Ali voluntary muscles (. .. )to pull on tendons to which
they are attached, and then (. .. ) .
4 There are( ... ) of muscles in the leg (hamstrings and
quadriceps) and the arm (bíceps and tríceps).
5 Mu seles can cause painful injuries such as(. .. ) (often
known as pulled mu seles) and ( ... ) , when mu seles
suddenly contract.
Unit 4 Curriculum extra
Slow twitch fibers are suited to endurance sports like long-
distance running. They are red, contract slowly, and function
for long periods of time. Fast twitch fibers are white, contract
quickly, provide short-term power, but rapidly get tired. They
are suited to strength sports, like sprinting and weightlifting.
O Strains occur when muscles are over-stretched. They can
result in the muscle being torn, and often happen when
playing sports or lifting heavy objects. Symptoms of strains
include pain, swelling, and bruising. Cramping happens
when a tired muscle involuntarily contracts, causing sharp
pain. lt can occur if you have been exercising for a long time
and have not stretched properly before you started. A stitch is
a cramping of the diaphragm, and sorne people think this can
happen if you have eaten too soon before exercising. Atrophy
is when muscles are not used, and they start to degenerate.
lt often happens when a part of the body is restricted for a
period of time.
Major muscle groups
of the human body
Hamstrings
3 Complete the diagram with the words in the box.
.·····························································.
1 abdominals deltoids gluteals pectarais \
4 Ask and answer questions with other students.
What sports do you play? What muscle groups do
you use most when you play these sports?
2 What are the benefits of exercising your mu seles?
3 Have you ever had muscle pain? What happened?
How was it treated?
 Focus on literature
In context!
Narrative features
F. Scott Fítzgerald (1896-1940) was an
American writer, famous for writing
1 Read the In context! box. What is different about American society in the 1920s,
about Benjamin Button? especially in his novel Ttie Great Gatsby
(1925). The Curious Case of Benjamín
2 G) 3.23 Listen to the student's presentation. Button ( 1922) is a fantasy story about
a man who is born old and gets younger
Which five narrative features are mentioned?
as he lives his life in reverse. We follow
Which three are not mentioned? Benjarnin through his difficult early
. ..... . . . ..•... . •.•..........•...• . -~···---·-~· .•...•..•.. ~ .., _. •.. ,... ,.. •··· .. years, marríage, and career until he
cha racterization confl ict dialogue pacing eventually becomes a baby.
plot twist point of view setting themes
5 Answer the questions.
3 G 3.23 Listen again. Answer the questions.
What changes to Benjamin's appearance are described in the
In what way is this story different from first paragraph?
Fitzgerald's other fiction? 2 Why is he forced to make these changes? Do they work?
2 How does Liam feel about the ending? Why7 Which words or phrases tell us this?
3 What are his opinions of the characters? 3 How do the tailor and nurse react to Benjamin7
4 What does he say about the person who is 4 What does Benjamin's father disagree with others over in
telling the story? paragraph 2?
5 What is the story's message, according 5 What does Mr. Button give to his son and why? Why does
to l.iarn? Benjamin react in the way he does?

4 Q) 3.24 Read and listen to the extract. Which 6 Look at the narrative features in exercise 2 again. Tell other
characters are in conflict? Who are they in students about a novel or short story that you have read,
conflict with and why? mentioning as many of the narrative features as you can.
Would you recommend the story? Why? / Why not?

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button

ven after the new addition to the Button family had had his hair cut short and then dyed to an unnatural
E black, had had his face shaved so close that it shined, and had been dressed in small-boy clothes made
to arder by an extremely surprised tailor, it was impossible for Button to ignore the fact that his son was
a poor excuse for a first family baby. Despite his posture, Benjamín Button - for it was by this name they
called him - was five feet eight inches tall. His clothes did not conceal this, nor did the clipping and dyeing
of his eyebrows disguise the fact that the eyes were pale, watery, and tired. In fact, the baby-nurse who
had been engaged in advance left the house after one look, in a state of considerable indignation.
But Mr. Button persisted in his purpose. Benjamín was a baby, and a baby he should remain. At first he
declared that if Benjamín didn't like warm milk, he could go without food altogether, but he was finally
persuaded to allow his son bread and butter, and even oatmeal' by way of a compromise. One day he
brought home a rattle2 and, giving it to Benjamín, insisted in no uncertain terms that he should "play with
it," so the old man took it with a tired expression and could be heard shaking it obediently at intervals
throughout the day.
Extract adapted from The Curious Case ofBenjamin Button,
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Glossary
1
a type of cereal, often cooked with water or milk and eaten for breakfast
2
a common toy for a baby, that makes a noise when shaken
Unit 5 Currículum extra
 Focus on technology
Hydraulic systems
1 G3.25 Read and listen to the text. Which two
principies explain how hydraulic machines work?
2 Complete the diagram with the words in the box.
cylinder effort force la rge piston ¡ industries. Why? Because it's versatile, efficient, and
load force small piston
A car-braking system
3 Read the text again. Are the sentences true or
false? Correct the false ones.
Hydraulic machinery is not in wide use in different
businesses.
2 Pascal's Law states that pressure applied to liquid
is unequally distributed.
3 In Diagram 2, if the cross-sectional a rea of
cylinder B was five times bigger than cylinder A,
then the load force would be five times bigger
than the effort force.
4 In Diagram 2, pistan B moves further than
pistan A.
5 Force multiplication is used when a car needs to
stop.
4 Ask and answer questions with other students.
Can you describe in your own words the process
that occurs when a driver's foot pushes the brake
pedal?
2 What hydraulic machinery have you seen or u sed?
Where were you? What did the machi ne do?
Unit 6 Curriculum extra
Ifyou've ever seen a digger move mountains of
earth, noticed the wing flaps of a plane move, or
seen a mechanic operate a pump to lift a car off
the ground, you've seen hydraulic power in action!
Hydraulic machinery is used across the construction,
agriculture, aviation, manufacturing, and automotive
very powerful!
Hydraulic machinery uses the pressure ofwater or oil
to make it work. To understand how, we need to know
sorne basic principles. First, if you put liquid in a test
tube and try to flatten or compress it by applying
pressure, you'll notice that the liquid won't change, no
matter how hard you push! Second, when pressure is
exerted onto liquid in a confined space, like a tube, it
is transmitted equally to all parts of the liquid. This is
Pascal's Law.
Let's look at this law in action in a simple hydraulic
system. Diagram l shows that when we push down on
piston A, effort force (the amount of force we need to
move an object) is transmitted to piston B through the
oil. This pressure exerts a load force (the force that
comes into direct contact with the object and moves
it) on piston B.
B can raise a larger load. In Diagram 2, cylinder B has
a much bigger cross-sectional area. It is twice the size
of cylinder A. So, the load force will be twice as big
as the effort force. This process is known as a force
multiplier. Note, however, that piston B will move a
shorter distance than piston A.
The ability to multiply the size of force is used in a
car-braking system. A small force from the driver's
foot pushing the brake pedal exerts pressure on
the brake fluid. The pressure is transmitted to all of
the brake pads. These rub against the brake discs,
 Focus on history

The Industrial Revolution

1 CD 3.26Read and listen to the text.
Match pictures 1-3 to paragraphs A-C.

( ALLC ANGIEl
The First Industrial Revolution ( c.17 60-1840)
l Mechanization
changed every aspect of life. Everyday things - from
transportation to electricity, clothes, food, housing,
and education - would not exist without it.
The revolution was a change from an agricultural
economy using manual labor to the mass
production of manufactured goods by machines
in factories. New natural energy sources, such
as coal ( extracted from the earth) and steam
(generated from heating water), powered industries
and methods of transportation. Iron was widely
used to make machines, bridges, and ships. The
first revolution began in Britain before spreading
to Belgium, France, Germany, and the Ú.S. lt
developed into the second revolution with the
introduction of steel and the development of cars
and electrical power.
was free, and goods and services were more accessibJe, many people
still líved in poverty.
The first industry to be mechanized was the British textile industry.
The main fabric had been wool, but cotton became more important.
Inventions such as the spinning mute (c.1775) and the power Zoom
(c.1784) meant that textile production was faster and cheaper. However,
conditions in factories were often poor, and child labor was common.
B Transportation
Before the revolution, people traveled on foot or by horse, but this
changed. Roads were improved and canaJs and railways were buiJt so
boats and trains could access more parts of the country. MateriaJs,
products, and people could be moved more cheapJy and quickly. This
boom in enthusiasm and investment was known as "Cana] Mania" and
"Railway Manía."
C Social changes
The demand for factory workers in cities led to rapid urbanization and
a population explosion. New social classes emerged: the working classes
who labored in the mills, coa! mines, and factories, and the midd!e
classes of businessmen, lawyers, and merchants. Housing reflected this
hierarchy with large, comfortabJe houses for the middJe classes and
sma11, identicaJ houses buiJt close to factories for the working classes.
Food became cheaper because of mass production, and people's diets
became more varied. AJthough life expectancy was higher, education

2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the 3 Look at the pictures again. Ask and answer
highlighted words from the text. the questions with other students.
1 Trains, boats, and ships were powered by( ... ), a fuel which carne What negative aspects of the Industrial
from hot water vapor. Revolution can you see? Are there any
2 (. .. ),a black rock of plant matter, was one of the main sources of positive aspects?
fuel at this time. 2 What do you think have been its effects on
3 Britain's ( ... ) production changed during the revolution. Products the environment, transportation, and family
made from wool had been important, but this changed to(. .. ). life in the U.S.?
4 (. .. ) and ( ... ) were two meta Is that were used during the
Industrial Revolution.

Unit 7 Currículum extra

 Focus on art \

1 ~ 4.01 Listen to Katie describing her favorite painting.

Which painting (A-C) is she describing?
3 (Jfo2 Listen to Tim and Adi describing
the other two paintings above. Answer
2 Read the In context! box. Then match the highlighted
the questions.
words to their definitions.
What does Tim like about his favorite paintinq?
2 Why does Rosa find her favorite artist interesting?

Modernism (c.1870-1945) is the name of an avant-garde

movement in art, architecture, literature, and the theater.
4 4.02 Listen again. Write the correct option.
In art, traditional representations of reality in portraits , The Scream is a famous example of (. .. ) .
still life , and landscapes were rejected in favor of A Expressionism B Cubism C lmpressionism
experimentation with color, line, and form, while materials
such as canvas were still used. Within this broad movement, 2 lt's painted on cardboard beca use Munch ( ... ) .
artists developed their own styles. Impressionists, such A hated canvas B couldn't afford canvas
as Claude Monet and Edgar Degas, tried to capture the
C didn't know where to get canvas
visual impression of the moment and different effects of
light, while post-Impressionists, like Vincent Van Gogh, and 3 Adi likes abstract art beca use( ... ).
Expressionists, like Edvard Munch and Wassily Kandinsky, A you decide the meaning
used art to express moods, emotions, and ideas. Cubism, led
B you can see natural forms C it still feels new
by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, and partly influenced
by primitivist cave art, reduced natural forms into abstract 4 Adi's mom likes ( ... ) .
geometric shapes and sharp angles. The Surrealists, like René A abstract art B both still life and abstract art
Magritte and Salvador Dalí, were influenced by Dadaism.
C traditional landscapes and still life
They embraced the illogical and absurd in ímages that
reflected the unconscious mind.
5 Ask and answer the questions with
other students.
1 arrangement of objects, typically fruit and flowers Do you like the paintings on this page? Why? /
2 piece of cloth used as the surface far a painting Why not?
3 picture of an a rea of countryside 2 What art and artists do you like and dislike? Do
4 art that does not represent externa! reality you prefer portraits, landscapes, still life, or other
5 artistic depiction of a person forms of art? Why?
6 introducing new and experimental ideas

Unit 8 Curriculum extra

0 Focus on technology
Satellite communication
1 Q) 4.03 Read and listen to the text. What do these numbers represent?
k up on a clear night, and if you wait for about
fifteen minutes, you might see something that looks
a little like a plane - but it isn't. lt could be one of
thousands of artificial satellites. These are man-
made objects that circle the Earth, taking pictures
and transmitting radio waves back to antennas on
satellite dishes so that we dn study the climate,
observe outer space, and communicat1 over long
distances. The Earth's gravity stops them from
flcMting away. AII satellites have an on-board
~uter system, a heat control system, radio, solar
neis to produce electricity, and small engines to
position. Each one has a specific purpose.
mmunications satellites relay information
can make phone calls and watch TV. Glob11l
ning System (or GPS) satellites help utfilld:
ation and navigate our way around
to the shopping mall, using ,$
oronot.tr~.
2 Complete the diagram with the correct type of orbit highlighted in the text.
3 Q)4.04 Listen to the radio program. Are the sentences
true or false? Correct the false ones.
Ground stations send and receive signa Is from satellites.
2 The radio frequencies used are all the same.
3 GPS was first created by the British government.
4 lt involves a group of around thirteen satellites.
5 The receiver has to pickup signa Is from two satellites.
6 Buildings and trees can affect the accuracy of GPS.
The optimal orbit
Man-made satellites are usually launched into one of five types of
orbits:
1 lliilllf. where weather satellites take pictures of the Earth
as it rotates.
2 where satellites pass the Earth quickly
and travel much slower attheir furthest point. They're u sed for
Earth observation and telecommunications.
3 which lies directly above the equator.
Geostationary satellites seem as if they're not moving beca use
they're traveling at exactlyJte.same speed as the Earth (465 m
per second). They'~,~-~ for telecommunications.
.. ~-~-f:;.,é'.,-~ !;;c•f.:.;
stravel. They're used for
data. To escape the
Hites have to
4 Work with a partner. Make a list of:
• any devices you own that rely on satellites.
• the ways GPS technology can be used for good
and bad purposes.
5 Work with another pair and compare your lists.
Can you add new items? Then discuss your lists
with the class.
Unit 9 Curriculum extra
 ; .

Review and exampractlce

Listening , · ~ .,
1 G4.0S Listen to five people talking about ways of
making a difference. What does each speaker say?
Write the correct letter from the list. There is one
extra letter,
A l'm more sociable now than in the past.
•
B Cruelty to anima Is is something I don't understand.
C l'm optimistic about our planet's future.
D Helping others will belp me in my studies.
'-
E In the past, 1 didn't know how to

(
~ deal with animals, but I do no-Y. r
F l've always beeri depeñdable.
Speaker 1 (. .. )
Speaker Z (. .. )
. Speaker 3 ( ... )
Speaker 4 (. .. ) There's no doubt about it: vacations can make a big
difference to our lives. Whether we stay at home or
Speaker 5 (. .. )
go to far-away places, vacations are a break in our
Exam tip routine. They're a chance for us to spend more time
Read the whole task carefully and find key words with our loved ones and to get jobs done that we've
before you listen. That way you will be better been avoiding for ages. But vacations can also be an
prepared when the recording starts. opportunity for us to make a difference to the world
and get involved in projects we don't normally have
time for. Check out these options.
Reading
2 Read the article. Look at the words in bold. Which
question in exerci~e 3 does it help to answer? Does it
THE OTESHA PROJECT
....: Are you ...
answer the whole question? Why? / Why not?
• aged 18+?
3 Read the article again. Answer the questions in your • a dedicated cyclist?
own words. • eager to learn new skills?
• enthusiastic about meeting new people?
In what two ways can vacations make a difference to
us in general? • eager to get involved and help prevent damage to
2
. -
What"should people taking part in the Otesha Project
the environment?
be interested in, ap_jrt from bike riding, meetingtnew · lf so, the Otesha Project could be what you're looking
people, and learning new skills? for. Each year, the project organizes six-week biking
3 What do volunteers on the Otesha project do on days tours in the U.K. Sorne days are spent riding a
when they aren't bike riding? bike, while others are dedicated to education and
volunteering on community and farm projects.
4 How does the Otesha Project affect young people . Depending on the route you take, you could help to
who take part?
build classrooms using environmentally friendly
5 What skill can you learn if you make good use of your
materials, or set up schemes selling boxes of local
free time on' an Amanzi tour? organic vegetables, for example. Otesha's bike-riding
6 Why does the writer describe Amanzi's staff as being -=~ vacations not only make a difference to the
supportive? -~ environment, but make young participants more
·~ dependa ble, and bring great changes to their lives.
F-4
Unit 1
.. -
Use of English .
.•.

4 Complet;t~e second sent_ence us{ng the

bold word. lt should have a simila'r meanlnq to
the first sentence. D~ not change the bold word.
Use between two and five words, inclúding the
boldword.
l'm just starting my second year as a volunteer on
the project. volunteering
1 ( ... ) for one year on the project.
2 1 was realiy impressed by the group leader's
enthusiasm. made
The group leader's enthusiasm realiy ( ... ) on me.
3 Did your mom say you could become a
volunteer? get ~
Did you ( ) from your rnorn to become a
volunteer ?
4 Sam got her award a few minutes ago. just
They (. .. ) Sam her award.
5 The seal's condition is improving ali the time. better
AMANZI TRAVEL The seal's condition (. .. ) and better.
6 l'm accustomed to helping others. used
Their slogan is Do something amazing, and you'li
do just that on Amanzi's volunteering vacations in 1 t .. ) helping othérs.
Africa. Amanzi organizes vacations for people who
want to get to know Africa, as well as get involved in Writing
projects such as wildlife conservation, looking after
young children, teaching locals, and community
S Write a description for a general interest magazine
projects. On wildlife volunteering projects, you
of ways young people in your country can make a
get to record information about animals and their
difference in their own communities. Describe what
habitats to help conservationists. Or how about
popular projects involve, and say what benefits they
bringing change to villagers' lives by helping out
bring. Write about 180 words irr an appropriate style.
in clinics? You can also make the most of your •
free time by trying to learn the local language.
>- Education
There are over 100 tours on offer - ali you have Speaking >- National customs
to do is choose which tour to go on, and Amanzi's
supportive staff will make all the arrangements. 6 Yóur teacher will ask you
>- Vil/age snd city life
Tours last from two days to three months. >- National snd local
to start and take part in a
conversation based on two produce and products
of the topics on the right.
1-
>- Early memoríee
You must try to keep the >- Pollution and recycling
conversation going naturally.

Exam tip
Remember to use the appropriate register when you
are speaking. Informal language is fine when talking
to a friend, but speak more formally when talking to your
teacher oran examiner. See page 17 for more details.

Review WB page 14 Unit 1


Review and éxam'practlce
Listening _. )
..
1 4.06 Listen to eight people speaking in different
situations. Write the correct option.
You hear two people talking in a store. What is the boy
trying t9 convince the store clerk to do?
a reduce the price of a pair of shorts
b give him a refund
e change the shorts far another pair
2 You hear two people discussing a new
'
CD. What doesn't appeal to the bey?
a the girl's favorite band
( b the band's new CD· "'
e the song thé girl's listening to
3 ~ You hear a girl speaking on
. her
· phone. What does she want to do? • on Crafti, I had never
a convince her friend to go
shopping with her
b recommend a store to her
friend
e 'cornplain about the clothes \
a storé sells
4 You hear two people talking in a store. Why woñ't the
woman buy the qarne?
a She doesn't have enough rnoney.
b The boy already has too many games.
e lt costs too much.
5 You hear two people talking in a hotel. What is the
woman doing?
a selecting a room
b inforrninq someon~ when breakfast is served
e looking at the view
6 You hear two people talking in a bank. Far changing
money, the woman charges the boy just over .' ..
a 13-euros - b 3 euros e 14 euros
7 You hear an annou__i:icement in a department store.
The announcement is ...
a advertising a certain product.
b promoting a special offer.
e being broadcast on the radio.
8 You hear a conversation about shopping online. What
do the speakers agree about?
'
a You can purchase products at good prices.
b The quality of the goods is excellent.
e The site exaggerates about its products.
Unit 2
.,
..
Made to last ... with lave
Search far online store or homemade products
Enthusiastic sellers Safe shopping
·------------------------· ~-------------------·
Purchase your favorite We use the latest
products directly technology to make
from creative and sure that ali purchases •J
responsible suppliers. are 100 percent safe.
...• ,( r----------------------1
!OP.en an ! ----------------------------------------, 1
1
lL----------------------J
online store l "/ took up jewelry making
three years ago, but
1
1
1
1
1
Have you spent the past until a friend gave me a
present she had bought
few years perfecting your
painting, jewelry making,
or sewing skills? Would thought about selling it.
you like to earn sorne extra I made enough money
money? Do you have the last year by selling my
potential to run your own handmade jewelry to
online store? Then become keep me going through
.- a Crafti store owner and my college course."
!: the
share your creativity with
world.
Aisha at JewelsnStuff
.,
L _
,.
1
1
1
A word from the founders of Crafti i
...- .-~-,
r-----------------------------------------------------------------1
iL-----------------------------------------------------------------J
1
'! Online shopping is here to stay. Ali customers just lave
! the freedom of being able to shop 24 hours a day from
! the comfort of their own homes. We lave making things
! by hand, and one day we thought, "Hey, we should sell
! our artwork directly to people who appreciate it." That's
! when we carne up with the idea for Crafti: a website which
! we use to sell our products, but which also hosts stores
! run by other craft lovers. At the time, there were very few
! online sites dedicated only to handmade products. We
¡ certainly didn't have any experience in selling things on
¡ the net. Today, we're hugely proud of our products and the
l hundreds of store owners who helped to make Crafti the
! success that it is today!
1 We've set up the site to make it easy to browse by store or
! by product type. lt's never been easier to select the right
! products. As for costs, the price you
¡ see is the price you pay. There
¡ are no hidden charges for
¡ using a credit card or
¡ packaging. Also, you
¡ only pay for what you
: buy, as store owners
! don't have to cover
! the cost of expensive
! advertising.
~-------------------------
Reading Writi·ng. ..
2 Read the website. Find words or phrases in the text 5 Write an essay about the statement below. Use the
which mean the same as the words or phrases in ·tbe notes to ffelp you. Give reasons for your opinion.
box. Carr you find any words and phrases from the Write abouf 180 words in an appropriate style.
box in the statements in exercise 3?
e
ability buy goods way of promoting "Advertising must appea/ to the youth of today."
Do you agree?
Exam tip
Notes:
Read the text from beginning to end. Then look at the sentences
1 types of co11s111t1ers 3 where ads should appear
or questions. Sean the text to find information, phrases, or words
2 images a11d sloga11s 4 your ow11 idea
that relate to each question. Then compare the information in
the text to the sentences or questions. Remember, the text and
the statements may use different words. ,I
Speaki~g
3 Read the website again. Are these sentences true or
6 Answer the questions y~ur teacher asks
you from the list below. Gfve full answers.
false? Justify your answers with the exact words or
phrases from the text. Your shopping habits
Creative people who have the ability to manage an • Do you prefer to sh~p online or in real stores? Why?
online store can sell their products on Crafti. • Where do you go shopping if you want clothes for a
.
2 Aisha wanted to sell her jewelry
making it.
.
as soon as she started special occasion?
• What kind of products do you buy most often? Why
3 Shopping online doesn't appeal to all consumers, do you buy these things? '
a'ccording to Crafti's founders. Shopping in your.hornetown
4 The founders of Crafti had already sold their products ,. Where would you recommend visitors to your town
online when they set up the site. go shopping? Why would you recommend this place/
5 The founders explain that there are two ways of these places?
finding products. • Are there any kinds of stores you'd like to open in your
6 Crafti store owners paya lot for ads to promote their town?Why?
products. • Is it acceptable to browse in your local stores without
buying anything? Why? / Why not?
Use of English Exam tip
4 Read the text below. Write the correct option Remember that your body language makes a big impression
for each gap. on the person you are speaking to. Make sure you appear
comfortable and interested in the conversation. See page 29
for more details.
Selling to Generation Y
The world today is ruled by the market, and surviving in that
market mea ns (l) and promoting your products to the right kind A consuming B charging C advertising
of people. Successful companies have realized that their sales D informing
depend on whether or not they can (2) Generation Y - that's 2 A convince B bid C select D exaggerate
people born between the 1980s and the early 2000s - to buy 3 A absolutely B totally C completely
their products. In fact, this group of people are (3) important in D extremely
deciding whether a product will be a hit or not. lf your product 4 A claims B appeals C browses D appears
(1) to them, then youre lucky as they'II (~) it to others. And today 5 A supply B purchase C recommend D refund
that means telling (?) of people about it on social (7). lf they 6 A many B enough C a few D lots
like the product, the whole world will want it. lf they think your
7 A media B slots C images D browsers
product is really (B), it could be the end of it.
8 A stunning B old-fashioned C habitable
D modern-looking

Review WB page 22 Unit 2

 ~ j • ~ ·'

Unit3 Review and •1xam,-practice

'i..: ~

Listening
.. Réading
1 ~
0}4.07 ~ Listen toan interview. Write the 2 R_ead the poster and find the main arguments for and
correct option. against fracking.

Sonja says that she can speak ...

a only one language.
b two languages. ,..
c many languages.
2 Sonja finds it amazing that hyperpolyglots ...
a can understand new languages so quickly.
b don't find language learning boring. Fracking is the process of accessing and removing
e have the power to learn any language. natural gas sources which lie deep under the Earth's
< surface. This process works by sending large quantities
3 Sonja says the brain is different from computers in the
of water, sand, and chemicals down into the Earth at
way it ...
)
high speed. Cracks called fissures are created in the
• a stores information. rock, and natural gas is released from these cracks
b files information. during the process. The gas which is released is called
e interprets information. shale gas. Shale gas brings us huge benefits, but sorne
people soy this process is destroying the environment.
4 What does Sonja describe .as beinq similar to a way of
The question is, then, should fracking be stopped?
saving energy?
a .the way the brain files different languages
b not beinq concerned with being perfect in a foreiqn
language
e le.arning one language ata time
5 The book Babel no more ...
a was written by Michael Erard.
b encouraged Sonja to start learning a new language.
e is about the life of Alex Rawlings,
6 The information in the book is from people who ...
a speak many languages.
b are interested in language studies.
e have carried out research on hyperpolyglots.
7 Which person has achieved celebrity status?
a Michael Erard b Alex Rawlings e Sonja
8 The majority óf hyperpolyglots like the fact that they
can speak ...
a a ~ew language-daily.
b languages like native speakers. \
e to other hyperpolyglots on the Internet.
Exam tip----------.
Make notes on information that relates to the questions
while you are listening. Then see if what is said relates
exactly to the question.

Unit 3
 'l
Read the poster again. Answer the questions in your
own words.
What is fracking?
2 What effect will fracking have on energy bilis?
3 What do supporters of fracking say about its effects on
the environment?
4 Why have sorne people been a ble to bum water?
5 Why do sorne people say shale gas won't last?
6 What is not known about fracking in the future?
~ (~) in ways that harm the Earth. However, people GENERATION
.•.
••
Use of English
Use the word given in bold at the end of the lines to
forma word that fits in the gap in that line.
One of our greatest strengths as human beings
is that as a species we are very 11). We're a ble to ADAPT
survive no matter what problems arise, and we
can be\:?) when it comes to problem solving. lf INNOVATE
the way we usually solve a problem doesn't work
any more, we soon come up with an (~) solution. ALTERNATE
However, many people fear that we may lose this
ability as we increasingly rely on (~) equipment to ELECTRIC
do things for us. They believe we often take the
easy way out and don't use our brains as much.
Sorne people also say that doing \~) tasks by hand MECHANIC
and using the power of our brains have benefits
for us, such as (6) our intelligence. lt is also said that BOOST
we are destroying our planet, as ali our high-tech
equipment, such as(?) Internet connections and WIRE
laptops use a lot of energy. This energy is usually
ali over the world are now more interested in the
environment. They're now more aware of the toxic
(9) content of their food, anda lot of people choose CHEMISTRY
organic foods when possible. Many also campaign
for (l_O) ways of producing energy. SUSTAIN
Writing
5 Write a letter to a local newspaper informing readers
of the ways energy is wasted in the local area. Point
out the effects on the environment, and invite
people to join a local environmental group to help
.
solve these problems. Write about 180 words .
Speaking
Talk to each other about the question below. Then,
decide which two things it wouldbe most difficult
toJive without.
of
How important are these uses electricity in our lives?
• Cooking • Transportation
• Heating our homes • Street lighting
• Using the computer
Exam tip---------.
Use strategies to start again if communication fails.
See page 41 for more details.
Review WB page 30 Unit 3
 .
'
Review and éxampractice

Listening _,; )
1 CI) 4.08 Listen to a conversation. Write the
correct option.
Grace says that if she were Jacob, ...
a she'd study for the test next week.
b she'd go to bed early this eveninq.
e she wouldn't have an energy drink.
2 According to Grace, if you drink energy drinks,
your heart will beat faster, ...
~ it impossible to escape the hula hoop, as
a and you will feel ill.
(
• b and you won't be a ble to concentrate.
e and you'II be a ble to concentrate better.
3 What are you NOT told about Grace's sister?
• a She's been studying for t~e past three years.
b She regularly sees a nutritionist.
e She will take sorne tests in the summer.
4 lf you want to improve your rnernory, you
should have ...
a .eqqs. b bananas. ·e energy drinks.
5 What does Grace mean when she uses the phrase •
"working out"?
a estimating b keeping fit e adding up
6 When it comes to fast food, Grace's sister's advice
would be ...
a to reduce the amount we eat.
b never to eat it.
e to check the amount o[ sugar it contains.
7 lf we eat fast food, ...
a our brains get slower. •
b it calms us down.
e it keeps us awake.
8 Grace says that Jacob shouldn't ...
a qo-to bed after nine o'clock.
b drink milk befare bedtime.
e stay up all nightto study.
Exam tip ...;·. .---------,
You will hear the information in the same order as in the
exercise, so if you don't know the answer to one question,
move on to the next. Don't leave any questions without an
answer. Guess if you have to.
Unit 4
IP.II The 1950s: the hula hoop
lil Toe hula hoop became a piece of
fitness equipment in the 1950s. If youd
been around then, you would have found
everyone seemed to have one. But did
r people lose weight when they worked out
with a hula hoop? Toe answer is "yes" if
it was a heavy one that made them speed
up to stop the hoop falling to the ground.
r.l The 1960s: vibrating belt machines
M Vibrating belt machines were the perfect answer
for people who wanted to lose weight
without working out. All they had
to do was put the belt around them
and let it do all the work! Toe makers
of the machines claimed this would
take kilos off peoples bodies and
improve the strength of their muscles.
However, the vibrating belts also gave
sorne people sore backs and aching
muscles.
~ Reading
2 Read the article. Look at the words in bold. Which
question in exercise 3 do they refer to? Which words
help you work this out?
j
3 Read the article again. Which paragraph mentions
the following?
1 exercising at home
2 injuries caused by physical contact
3 that the attivity wa~ most effective when you did it quickly
4 the positive and negative effects ofan activity
5 what you would have seen if you had entered a place
of entertainment •
6 a fitness fad that still influences fitness training today
7 a fitness activity for people who were not very interested
in exercise
8 the difficulty of avoidinq a fitness fad
•..
n The 1970s: roller skates Writing · ,.
1:1 Roller skates have been around
far a long time, but their greatest
S Write an article for a school magazine.
moment carne in the 1970s. If you
•. Write. 180 words in an appropriate style.
had gane to a disco then, you would
probably have found people dancing • Give your own views onhow important
in roller skates! Unfortunately, skaters it is fer young people to have hobbies.
often left the discos with bruised • Explain how important it is to enjoy
knees, and even dislocated your hobby.
shoulders and broken arms as • Make suggestions and recornmendatlons
a result of spectacular crashes. to young people who realize they don't
There are still roller discos today, but enjoy-their hobby.
if you go to one, make sure you wear
protective equipment!
Speaking I

r.l The 1980s: aerobics - 6 Here are sorne of the things that people
11.1 An actress named Jane Fonda changed the fitness world can do to relax. Talk to each other
by making videotapes of her giving aerobics classes. These about how important these things are
involved groups of people doing high-energy exercises to disco and decide which two are the most
music. Toe videos were far people working out in their living important.·
room, and they became an instant hit. Gyms quickly copied
Fonda's training formula and offered classes to large groups.
If you go to a gym today, many of the
exercise classes that you will Watching TV
see are based on Jane Fondas
video workouts.

things do
you think help
Use of English people to relax
the most?
4 Read the e-mail below and
think of the word that best
fits each gap. Use only
one word in each gap.

Hi Marco,
How are you, and how is your new hobby going? Is itas good as you'd
7 Take turns to ask and answer two of the .
hoped? following questions.

l'm pretty grumpy beca use my new hobby isn't what l'd hoped it to How important do y~ou think i~ is for
be. In fact, 1 think it's time to face up (l) the fact it's just not forme! people to have time to relax? Why?
You know, 1 really lave music, so I thought that being a DJ on the 2 Which places cio you find it easy to relax
weekends would be a great way of chilling (2). lf (3) 1 had known how in?Why?
stressful it would be. People are always complaining about the songs 3 Which activities that sorne people do to
1 choose. lf 1 (4) known people would be so rude, 1 would never have relax actually have the opposite effect on
started this! 1 think the stress caused me to have an (~) reaction. And you? Why?
moving all the equipment around is giving me a stiff neck anda
\6) back! Exam tip-------.
l've decided to finish next week, but I want to do something with my
Keep going and try not to leave long silences!
free time. lf you were me, which hobby(?) you take up?
Paraphrase when you don't know a word.
Write soon and cheer me (8) 1 Use the phrases you learned on page 55.
Rachel

Review WB page 38 Unit 4


I •""'
~eview a~~ exam practlce
.,
1 G) 4.09 Listen to a presentation.
Complete the sentences.with a word
or short phrase.
:¡ '· '--·
1 The speaker is surprised that penguins
are (. .. )to respect and depend on
each other.
2 Each rookery contains (. .. ) families.
3 A.fema le penguin (. ,1.:) herself on a trip
to the ocean once she has laid-,
an egg.
i·· 4 The speaker compares- rriale p~nguins
a
in a rookery to large ( ... ) of friends.
5 _ By taking turns to be in the ;enter,
penquins show(. .. ) for each other.
6 The speaker says that penguins
show support for the ( ... ) of their,
cornrnuruty,
7 During the winter breeding season.
males and fema les (. . .') for two ~
months.,
8 Thefernale can find her family when
she returns from the ocean beca use
the mal~(. .. ) her cal Is. -
9 fist, is( ... ) from the ocean inthe
female's stomach.
. i
1 O The speaker inforrns listenersthat she
will ( ... ) the presentation to her blog .•
t
."\''•
"'
Unit 5
J
t . .__.
•
,i
''-
Reading, í , .
,. -6 ,t •
' .
2 Read the article. Look at the words in bold in sentence 5 in
exercise 3. Who do they refer to?
What comes to mind when we
think about indigenous tribes
who live deep in faraway jungles
and farests? (_~) We see their
communities as being isolated
and closed. Because of this, many
people believe they can't be
influenced by people outside their
• community, and that they have
little knowledge of other ways and
traditions. However, one of the last
indigenous tri bes that carne out of
the Amazon rainfarest showed the
world that this isn't entirely true.
Residents of a village near Brazil's border with Peru spotted sorne
tri be members in their a rea. The villagers, who are from Brazil's Acre
state, said that they had seen tri be members trying to access the
village to find faod and tools. \~) This could be the first time they
had made contact with the outside world.
\'?) The answer is simple: fear. In fact, the tribespeople responded
to interpreters' questions, saying that they had become victims of
violent attacks. Sorne of their members had been killed, and houses
they had put up were burned down. lt may be that the attacks
were carried out by people who wanted to illegally cut down the
Amazonian trees.
Anthropologist Alex Golub from the University of Hawaii
commented that the interaction between the tri be and Brazilian
villagers was notan accident. He claims that the tri be needed help
and knew that they could rely on the villagers. (_[?)
(
But what happens to tribes after they turn up in villages such as
the one in Acre state? Unfartunately, disease is usually spread to
the members of these tri bes as they come into contact with viruses
far the first time. \~) Their bodies are not used to the diseases that
exist in other communities. As a result of
this, arrangements have to be made far
members of the tri be to access medical
treatment when necessary.
Agencies which provide help must
show consideration far tribespeople
when they deal with them and
understand the difficulties they
face. \f) Not only should agencies be
respectful of the tribe's traditions, they must
also realize what effect contact with the
outside world can have on them.
 . ~
..
Exam tip -··-----------. Use of English
There will always be words or phrases that you don't know 4 Complete the second sentence so it has the same meaning
in reading texts, so don't panic when you see them. lts as the first sentence.
usually more important to get a general idea of what the •.
writer wants to say. lf the word is necessary to answer the Is it true that you forqot your mom's birfhday?
question, look at the words and phrases before and after it • You fargot your mom's birthday, ( ... ) ?
to see if they can help you figure out the meaning. 2 1 wanted to send an e-mail, so I went oniine.
·1 went online ( ... ) .
3 The speaker told us about the history of etiquette, and then •
3 Read the article again. Complete gaps A-F with spoke about online manners.
sentences 1- 7. There is one extra sentence. After talking about the history of etiquette, the speaker
went (. .. ).
Becoming part of the global community is hard
far tri bes. 4 1 haven't uploaded any articles to my blog s[nce last year.
1 stopped (. .. ) . >
2 He went on to say that this proves that
indigenous tri bes are aware that other 5 lt's possible they'II be late far the council meeting. They (. .. ) .
people exist.
3 In fact, history has shown that remate Writing
communities soon become sick when they make
contact with a whole new network of people.
5 You have seen this announcement in an international
magazine for teenagers and decide to write a story.
4 How long had they been waiting for?
5 We usually think they must be completely
unaware of the rest of the world.
6 Why did the tri be come out of the Amazon?
7 Then suddenly, one day sorne tri be members
carne faceto face with the villagers, who far a
while beca me their hosts. As soon as Kelly read the
,. comment, she knew she
had to reply.

Speaking
6 Look at the pictures of
people helping others in their
communities. Compare the
pictures, and then say what
benefits these people bring.
Which activity would you
prefer to take part in?

Exam tip fi ~ .. ,e;~.¡.;-<: · .·

. ,, . . ir:--

Try to sound as natural as possible by using

non-speech sounds such as fillers, and by
emphasizing certain words to show how
sure you are about what you're saying.
See page 67 for ideas.

- Review WB page 46 Unit 5

 J

~ J ) '
Unit6 Review and éxam practice
11... ~ •

Listening . · ~
1 i3l 4.10 Listen to five people talking. What
does each speaker say? Write the correct
l~tter from the list. There is one extra letter. Minneapolis, March 3
A This speaker denied that he/ she had The art of doing nothing
something.
"What is this lije if, full of care, we
B This speaker recommends an event. have no time to stand and starei "
C This speaker confirms an act.
The Italians call it "il dolce far niente"; the
D This speaker admitted that he/ she was
Spaniards say "It is beautiful to do nothing
feeling scared. and then rest afterwards" To my mind,
!; This speaker mentions. a favori!e hobby. doing nothing is a necessary art forro. I
F This speaker aqreed to· do something he/ realized this yesterday while sitting under
she didn't want to do at first. a big tree in the middle of my yard as the
first few drops of rain fell in the pond.
Speaker 1 ( ) Speaker 4 (.~ .)
I usually complain when the weather is bad, but as the rain got heavier,
Speaker 2 ( ) Speaker 5 (. .. )
the frogs in the pond started jumping around happily. "What an amazing
Speaker 3 (. .. ) sight!" I thought to myself. Admittedly, my next thought was to rush
indoors for my tablet to take sorne pictures of this first-class act that nature
had treated me to. I'm no professional photographer, but with the right
camera angle, I'd get sorne awesome pictures to upload and share with the
rest of the world. While I had my tablet, I could even look to see if anyone
had posted anything interesting on Facebook, or maybe check if I had any
important e-rnails.
In today's fast-paced online world, there's not a second to lose. "If I don't
log on for a couple ofhours, I'm afraid I might miss something important!"
my friend said recently. "Me too:' I had said to her at the time.

-
Read the blog. look at the words in bold. Which
,,

reporting verbs below could be u sed instead of the

words in bold? Rewrite the sentences in reported speech
using these verbs. There is one extra verb.

1 admit agree with deny recommend 1

Read the blog again. Answer the questions irr your

own words.
What does the writer usually do on rainy days?
2 What does the writer say about her photography skills?
· Exam tip --------~ 3 What had the writer previously admitted to her friend?
4 Why does the writer say that she isn't the president?
When you listen to people talking about themselves, think
about how they feel about the things they're talking about 5 How did the writer's friend respond when she told ner
or describing. Sometimes how they say something is more about her experience in the rain?
important than the actual words they use. 6 What did the writer recommend to her friend?

Unit 6
..
As these thoughts went through my mind, I had to remind myself:
"What important e-mails? Come on, I'm not exactly a celebrity,
or the president or anything," I decided there was only one thing
to do: stay still, watch the frogs, and listen to the rain. So, that's
exactly what I did. For a whole hour! lt was the most relaxing
experience I've had in a long time.
"Bor-ing!" my friend said when I told
her about my rainy evening. "Well, it
wasn't exactly exciting, but after doing
nothing, my mind was much clearer,
and I was able to get through my
homework quickly," I told her. "You
should try it sornetime," I said.
Toe lesson I learned was this: we
regularly need to slow clown and shut
out all the noise and distractions from
life. When we do, we will be much
more creative and ready to deal with
all our tasks.
Choose one of the following topics and write a
composition on it. Write around 180 words.
A "C.hildhood is ihe 1,est time in a person's
life." Oo you a9ree?
.J
e, "fvfoney is ihe most important thin9
in life.,, oiecuee.
"\
Speaking
Look at the list of to pies below. Choose one
and prepare to have a discussion about it with
your teacher. Copy and complete the mind
map with notes on your topic. You must begin
the discussion, but your teacher will ask you
questions as yoú speak.
• a person I respect
• an important place in my life
• an object I couldn't live without
• an activity that's very important to me
• something l'd like to do in the future

Use of English
Complete the second sentence using the bold word.
lt should have a similar meaning to the first sentence.
Do not change the bold word. Use between two and five
words, including the bold word.

"I can help you prepare your monologue;' she said. me

She ( ... ) prepare my monologue.
2 "I didn't steal the script!" said Merven. denied
Merven ( ... ) the script.
3 Jack's first theater performance is this evening. stage
Jack is appearing (. .. ) for the first time this evening.
4 "You _should all try the new fast-food
restaurant;' said Lucy. recommended Exam ti_n-----------,
Lucy ( ... ) the new fast-food restaurant. Remember, when we talk about things that are happening
5 -"Are the tickets expensive at this venue?" asked Finn. were now, we use words like here, now, and this. But when
Finn asked ( ... ) expensive at that venue. we talk about a previous time and place, or report what
someone has said, they become there, then, and that.
6 "Be here by nine o'clock,"the teacher said to us. told
See page 79 for further details.
The teacher (. .. ) by nine o'clock.

Review WB page 54 Unit 6

 ,I

.f . ~ .••••.

Review and éxampractlca ..

Listening ,
1 G) 4.11 Listen to eiqht people speaking in different Read the fashion page of a newspaper. Read the
situations. Write the correct option. sentences before and after gap A. Write a sentence
You hear a report about an incident. Who gave the of your own that could fit the gap. Remember, your
police useful information? sentence must make sense with the information
before and after it.
a robbers
'
b a store owner

shio
e people walking near the accident
2 You hear a news stor¡ about a crime. In which country

ense1~
will police arrest bank robbers?
a the U.S. b Panama e Colombia
3 You hear a news storyabout a 'chartty event. What do
the organizers say about this year's event?
_ a They will make more ~09ey than usual.
b lt will be much better than in previous years. Stay cool no matter what the weather's
like. ~":-! Don't worry, here are a few must-have
e AII the tickets have been sold already.
items for your closet for each season.
4 You hear part of a weather forecast. What will residents v
in the northeast experience in the evening?
a drizzle b sleet e blizzards
5 You hear part of a sports report. What did the coach
SPRING
Spring weather can be very changeable. A light breeze in the
say aboút his team? morning might become a gale by lunchtime. (_~) But with a little
a They were no match for the Giants. forward planning, we're sure you'II look and feel great!
b Sever.al players will have to answer poi ice questions. Ultra-warm on the inside, ultra-cool on the
e They will return next year to defend the outside! This hoodie protects you from
championship. showers, and is seriously fashionable.

6 You hear a report about developments in a town.

When will all the developments be finished?
a in February b next month e the end of August
7 _ You hear a report about ar un usual gift. What is
unusual about the umbrella?
a You can use it in the shower.
b lt doesn't have a handle.
e lt will let you know if it's going to rain.
8 You hear news about a strike. Who does the reporter

a commuters
-
say the strike will create problems for?
.
SUMMER
b hospital staff Summer can mean only one thing: he
e bus and train drivers cool than not looking, um, cool. Here
help you make a statement when tem
Exam tip -----------. Aviator sunglasses are
In rnultiple choice tasks, ali the optíons will refer in sorne way to always in fashion for
what the speakers say. However, only one answer will cornpletely both boys and girls.
answer the question, so listen carefully. Sorne options don't
directly answer the question, and others are only partly correct.

Unit 7

> 3 Read the fashion page again. Complete gaps A-F
with sentences 1-7. There is one extra sentence.
But unlike earlier in the year, there can be strong winds
and e:en hurricanes at this time.
2 There's no doubt you're going to need a hat when
there's a heatwave.
3 There's no need to wait until you stop over in a hotel
or youth hoste! to recharge.
4 Their furry insides will keep the frost out.
5 Still haven't decided what you will be wearing
throughout the year?
6 Here are sorne of the bargains we've come across for
ali seasons.
7 Sudden showers are also very common at this time
of year.
FALL
Like spring, fall is changeable. (_l?l
You (and your schoolbooks) will be dry ali
day, even in extreme weather, with this
waterproof jacket and matching backpack.
WINTER
Blizzards and snowstorms can be fun, but low temperatures
are definitely not! Remember, more heat is lost through the
head and hands than through other parts of the body.
These fingerless gloves with
optional mitts are great for cold days
when you have to get things done.
You'II be able to stay warm and use
your bare fingers when necessary
without taking the gloves off.
Hat hoods will keep you warm and
dry in low temperatures. ~~!
And their
waterproof o u ter part wi 11 keep the sleet
and snow out. Even at the end of the
coldest winter day, you'II have kept your
head warm wearing one of these.
............................................................. ' ' ,.,.
FASHION ON THE MOVE
Are you getting away from it ali this season?
lf so, you might be wondering how you can carry
all your electronic devices, and keep them fully
charged while you're on the move. This solar
backpack with its very own solar panel may be
the answer. lt'II recharge all your devices as
you get on and off planes, trains, and buses, or
while pedaling through traffic in rush hour. \~!
·····················································································
,,.
Use of English
4 Read thearticle below and think of the word that
best fits each gap: Use only one word in each gap.
People have been reading printed newspapers since the
16th century. Online newspapers, however, have only been with
us since the 1990s. But, they have already changed considerably,
and throughout this century, they are (l ! to change beyond
~ recognition. These days, the \2) successful newspapers include
important stories quickly. Journalists use social media to find
out what's happening on the other side of the world and
update their stories immediately. Whether they're reporting on
celebrities as they set (3) on vacation, or on important world
news, speed is everything. (4) this affect the quality of journalism
in the future? Many people say yes. They say it'II be hard to (S)
across articles that have been properly researched. But does it
really matter? Probably not. Having online newspapers doesn't
have to mean that journalism will not be as good (6) in the past.
In fact, if you spot a mistake in an online newspaper, the editor
will probably (?) corrected it before you have time to inform
them about it. One thing's almost certain: decades from now,
people will no longer \8) reading printed newspapers.
Writing
5 Read the article in exercise 4 again. In your own
words, write an article of around 180 words for a
general interest magazine.
• Say how newspapers have changed recently.
• Give your opinion on the future of news reporting.
Speaking
6 Here are sorne of the thlnqs that councils can do to
make traveling in cities easier. Talk to each other
about how important these things are and decide
which two are the most effective.
Which things make travelinq in cities easier?
• pedestrian areas
• lentral parking lots
• underground trains
i
• many bus stops
.. ~ ..
• bike paths
Exam tip ___,____,
Remember that your tone of voice should rise and fall when
speaking so that you sound natural. lt will also help to make your
ideas more convincing and show how you feel about what you're
saying. See page 93 for further ideas.
Review WB page 62 Unit 7
 ¡ ' . >
Review and exam practice
Listéning
1 G)4.12 Listen to a radio interview. Complete the
sentences with a word or short phrase.
The host says people who say there are six senses
feel they have ( ) mind. •
2 The sixth sense, ( )to explain, is often said to be
a mysterious ability.
3 Marie has(.,.) why sorne people don't have a
sense of direction.
4 Marie says people who often get' lost don't have
( ... ) for detail.
5 Marie says participants in orienteering have to -
trust thernselves and ( ... )_ of where they are.
6 Most people have ( ... ) when they do orienteering,
according to Marie.
7 Marie says ( ... ) should always rely on GPS.
8 Marie tells the story of two people (. .. )to go to
an ltalian island using GPS but ended up in the
wrong place.
9 Marie doesn't have any (. ~-) for people who rely
too much on GPS.
1 O Marie says you can't expect to( ... ) it easy and let
the GPS do ali the work.
.
Is it better to always follow our heads and be
sensible, or should we follow our hearts and take
risks? We hear from our readers who have
quite a lot of experience in this area.
Reading Jane Austen's novel Sense and
Sensibility, about sisters Elinor and
Marianne Dashwood, really helped me
improve a personal weakness. Elinor,
who is the older sister, is very sensible,
and tries not to show her emotions. On the other hand,
Marianne is full of "sensibilities," which means she's very
emotional and speaks her mind. However, Elinor realized that she had to
speak her mind to get what she wanted: to marry Edward Ferrars. In other
words, she had to find a balance between her sense and her sensibilities.
Elinor's chorocter, who I identified with, has given me the confidence to
let other people know how I feel, without showing oggression.
1 believe we can achieve great things by taking risks. 1
really admire families like the Meeks. They took the brave
decision to sell their house and travel around Britain in
a camper for a year. But teachers Tim and Kerry weren't
interested in taking it easy. lnstead, they used the year
to develop their daughters' knowledge, experience, and
intelligence by taking them to historical siles that would
take their breath away. They went to places like Stonehenge and the rivers
of Scotland, where they could toste mouth-watering salman. The couple,
whose main goal was to allow their daughters to sense the world around
them, also taught them the classes they were missing, using ordinary
schoolbooks. lf only my porents were more open to ideos like thot!
1 suppose not everyone would enjoy what the Meeks did. The hardest
thing forme would be leaving my friends behind.
My Uncle Pete is probably !he least sensible person 1
know. So when he discovered $200,000 in a bank
account which he thought was empty, we all expected
him to keep it. But to our surprise, he did the sensible
thing and asked the bank to look into it. Bank systems
are so complex that it took the bank over a year to fix
the mistake. During that time the money was in Pete's
account and he was getting interest. Take it from me, Uncle Pete's been
a lot more sensible since the bank told him he could keep the interest
which he made on the money!
Reading Writing
2 Read the article. Look at the two sentences in bold. 5 Write around 180 words on the following topic.
Which question numbers in exercise 3 might they
relate to? important are friends for you? 6,ive sorne
1-fow
Exam tip -------~ examples of how your friends have helped you.
Always double check and try to explain your answers to
yourself in reading tasks. Remember, a correct answer will
match the ideas expressed in the text exactly. Be careful Speaking
where questions use one or two of the same words as the
text, as they don't necessarily express the same ideas. 6 Look at the list of topics below. Choose one and
prepare to have a discussion about it with your
3 Read the article again. Which paragraph mentions teacher. Copy and complete the mind map with
the following? notes on your topic. You must begin the discussion,
but your teacher will ask you questions as you speak.
1 not having any money
• an important person in my life
2 wishing others hada more open mind
• a place l'd like to visit
3 apprehension to show feelings
• my favorite movie, book, or music
4 seeing impressive places
• my favorite kinds of food
5 being more able to express yourself
• what I like to do on vacation
6 eating tasty food
7 the difficulty in solving errors
8 the difference between two close family members

discuss discuss
Use of English
4 Read the text. Use the word given in bold at the end
of sorne of the lines to forma word that fits in the
gap in the same line.

Sharing genes with your friends discuss

lt's common sense that (l ! wants to be alone. As NO
we are sociable beings, (2) is not something people LONELY
usually enjoy. From a very early age, most people
try to start upa(~) with other people. Showing FRIEND
compassion and (1) towards others is part of being AFFECT
human. (5) chooses their friends using a variety EVERY
Exam tip ----------.
of different factors. Liking the same things is very Remember to use phrases to make yourself clearer if you
important to friends. But did you know that friends think the person you're speaking to hasn't understood
usually like the same smells? lf you like eating (?) something, e.g. What l'm getting at is ... , I should point out ,,, _.,..•
food, the chances are so will your friends. Also, if that .... See page 105 for more ideas.
you prefer (?) to sweet foods, your friends probably
will, too. This is beca use friends have similar
genes, according to Professor James Fowler of the
University of California,(~) research has shown that
friends are as genetically similar as fourth cousins.

Review and e'xam practice
Listening _, · \
1 ~ 4.13 Listen to the
conversation. Write
the correct option
to complete the
sentences.
At the beginning, Jett says he ...
a is coming from the library.
b doesn't have a class.
e is going to class. "
2 What does Ms. Parker approve of?
< a Jett's lave ofthe libr.ary
b volunteer work
. e how Jett plans to spend. tJ,e summer
3 Jett says the internship will ...
a help him make decisions about the future.
b teach him about the music industry.
e help him.become an artist.
4 Jett checked on the cornpany by ...
\ could benefit from. The girls
a ·visiting it last week.
b studyfng it online.
e contacting ex-employees.
5 What would Jett have to do in the job?
a take pictures
b attract visitors to social media sites
e write articles
· 6 What does Jett expect to discover?
. ~
a lf he likes the type of work.
•..
b lf. he can survive pressure.
e lf the job is motivati ng.
7 What does Ms. Parker say about being a counselor?
a She got good qualifications.
b St:i~ hadn't been the right aqe for the job.
e She had new responsibilities.
. t
8 Jett says that whett"ler the experience is good or not, ...
a he'II finish the job.
b it'II be useful.
e he won't know what to do.
Exam tip
Try not to panic if you miss information which relates to
a question. Concentrate on the following questions and
make a note to listen out for the information you missed
the first time when the recording is played again.
Unit 9
,
'
Ideas that work
Success depends on various factors, but the path to doing well starts
with having an idea. In this week's blog, we look at three young people
who were determined to turn their ideas into a successful reality.
Feed the world .,. Finding
solutions to help improve
food production in third world
countries is a challenging task,
even for the most experienced
r scientists. However, three
ló-year-old girls from Cork, in
lreland, have succeeded in doing
it. Ciara Judge, Emer Hickey,
and Sophie Healy-Thow used
sorne bacteria to increase crop
production by nearly 50 percent,
an improvement that millions of
people in the developing world
won a global science research
competition in San Francisco for their three-year study, and received
$50,000 to help them with their project. The girls had participated in
other science competitions in the past, and obviously find competing
against other young scientists extremely rnotivatlnql
. Reading
,.,
2 Read the blog. What one thing do the three entries
have in common?
3 Read the article again. Are these sentences true or
false? :Justify your answers with the exact words or
phrases from the text.
1 The three girls achieved something that specialists
would find difficult. "
2 The girls will receive help for three years to complete
their project.
-3 Tirnothy l-lwanq and Minsoo Han were taught by
prívate tutors.
1
4 The boys' example has been followed by others.
5 Flynn wanted a more varied diet. ,.
6 Flynn spent six years studying cooking in a New York
City restaurant.
 Writing
S You see this announcement in a general interest
Ot1 the street ..,. 14-year-olds Timothy Hwang and Minsoo magazine. Write your narrative in 120-180 words.
Han from Maryland, U.S., saw a good business opportunity to
use their academic skills to work as prívate tutors. They must REAL Llf'E STORIES WANTED
have been effective beca use they were soon making a profit,
but they hadn't started their business to make money for Hove you ever volunteered to help o friend, o neighbor,
themselves. They had planned to use their earnings to set upa or relotive? We are sure you hove, ond we'd like to
charity organization, Operation Fly, to buy food, blankets, and hear from you. Write o narrative for our reoders obout
clothing for homeless people in Washington. The organization whot you did. Whot help did you offer? How well did it
soon spread to other cities, and there are now over 800 student qo? Whot wos the most useful thing you leorned from
volunteers caring for the homeless. the experience? Would you do the sorne thing oqoin?

Speaking
6 Look at the pictures of people enjoying a successful
moment. Compare the pictures and say what you
think these people have done to achieve their
success. What do you think we can learn from other
Leart1it1g the basics ..,. By the time Flynn McGarry was 1 o
people's successful experiences?
years old, he had become ti red of the meals that his parents
were preparing for him. He complained that the dishes were
repetitive, so his mom and dad told him to do the cooking. He
did, and now at 16, Flynn has just opened a restaurant in New
York City. He must have learned a lot in the six years that he
spent in his parents' kitchen, beca use clients at Flynn's restaurant
are happy to pay $160 for a meal. And the secret of his success?
Being consistent. Flynn has spent hours and hours learning all
the basic skills that are essential to successful cooking.

Use of English
4 Match 1-6 with A-F to make sentences.
1 1 had been searching job sites for hours when
2 Andy can't have enjoyed the experience, beca use
3 Sara had already applied for the job online when
4 Harry must have hada good interview, because
5 The secretary told me the interview was canceled
after
6 Jack might have phoned, but
A she realized she hadn't uploaded a picture.
B Id been waiting in the office for an hour.
C I don't know because my cell phone battery was
dead.
D I finally found a summer job that looked interesting.
Exam tip----------,
E they offered him a position immediately. Remember to vary your language use when speaking by
F he left the camp after just one week. using synonyms and antonyms so that you don't use the
same words all the time. See page 117 for further ideas.

Review WB page 78 Unit 9 ...

Phonetic alphabet Unit 2 Word stress

1 Q[4:11) Listen and repeat the sounds and the 1 Look at the highlighted words. Are they nouns (n) or
example words. verbs (v)? Write the words and the word type.

Vowels Consonants Did she beat the world record?

/i/ twenty /p/ póster 2 Where did they record that al bum?

/JI lb/ hed 3 They always advertise on TV.

in
le/ /ti 4 lt was a very successful advertisemenu.
desk time
/re/ bªg !ti butter 2 G 4.17 Listen and mark the stressed syllable (-).
/al hQt Id/ door
h/ saw /k/ ]sitchen 3 G 4.171 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat.
/u/ foot /g/ go
/u/ too ltf/ children Unit 3 Sounds /-Jr/ and /a/
/A/ under /d3/ job
fa/ ª-bout /f/ forty 1 Copy and complete the table with the words in the
/e1/ /v/ y_ery correct column.
plQt
les! five /0/ think
absorb court electronic hot ignore process
/-;)1/ noise 101 the source sports tomorrow volunteer
/au/ how !si síster

/ou/ gQ lz/ gebra /-Jr/ !al

/gr/ brother !JI shopping
tul near /3/ televisjon
let! hair /h/ have 2 4.181 Listen and check. Repeat the words in their
sound groups.
/ar/ far !mi mother
/-Jr/ north /n/ name
/ur/ tour ITJI sing Unit 4 Sentence stress
/l/ [aptop
1 Copy and complete the sentences with the words.
Ir/ rabbit
/y/ tes 1 kind opposite should 1
!wl Yl[indow
Hot is the ( ... ) of cold.
2 What do you think we (. .. )do?
Unit 1 Sounds /re/ and !Al 3 Salsa is a( ... ) of dance.

1 GJ;ID Listen and repeat the pairs of words. 2 Listen and check.

1 app up cat cut 1 3 G 4.19) Listen again. Highlight two strong stresses
and underline one weaker stress in each sentence.

2 (m.i,1~ Listen and write the words you hear.

Then listen and repeat.
match much 3 ran run
2 began begun 4 fan fun

Pronunciation practice
Unit 5 Stress with phrasal verbs 2 G) 4.24 Match sentences 1-4 in exercise 1 to
intonation patterns A-D. Then listen and repeat.
1 Copy and complete the phrasal verbs. In each group,
A
use up twice and the word in parentheses.
1 wake ( ) join ( ) own ( ) (in) B
2 get ( ) cheer ( ) miss( ) (out)
3 take ( ) fill ( ... ) catch ( ) (off)
e
2 G) 4.20Listen and check. Which word is stressed in
D-------
each phrasal verb?
Unit 8 Sound /w/
3 G) 4.20 Listen again and repeat.
1 ~ 4.25 Listen and repeat the words. You will hear
them three times. Speed up each time.
Unit 6 Sounds /0/ and /o/
1 Where? Why? What? 1
1 G) 4.21 Listen and repeat the sounds and the words.

1 /0/ thin /o/ then 1 2 G) 4.26 Listen. Write the word in each group that
doesn't have a /w/ sound.

2 0)4.22 Listen to the sentences. Copy and complete 1 when who water
the table with each highlighted word in the correct 2 sweet equipment showed
column. 3 owner waitress while
My little brother doesn't like thunderstorms. 4 away which whose
2 That man might be a thief. 5 review nowhere everyone
3 My father has hurt his thumb.
3 G) 4.2r Listen and check. Then repeat the /w/ words.
4 l'm thirsty. Can I have something to drink?
5 Does your mother work on Thursdays?
6 Let's go on this ride [t_ogether! Unit 9 Sounds lo/ and /d/

/0/ 101 1 G) 4.28

Copy the highlighted phrases. Then listen and
complete them.
1 You can't go in( ... ) room!
3 0)4.23 Listen and check. Then repeat the words in 2 Tell ( ... ) joke again - it's hilarious!
their sound groups. 3 lt's on ( ... )table in the dining room.
4 Hello? Are you still (. .. )7
Unit 7 lntonation
2 G) 4.29Listen and repeat the phrases and the
1 G) 4.24Listen to the sentences. Where does the sentences. Make a long /o/ sound for the th words,
speaker's voice go up and down? nota /d/.

1 lt's definitely more relaxing than studying.

2 Is stamina more important than speed?
3 lt may be cheaper, but it won't be as exciting.
4 Which players played well?

Pronunciation practice
Baseform Sim ple past Past participle
be /bi/ was /were /wdz, wdr/ been /bm/
become /br'kxrn/ became /br'kerm/ become /b1 'kxrn/
beqin /br'qm/ beqan /br'qren/ beaun 1
/b1 9An/
break /bre1k/ broke /brouk/ broken /'broubn/
build /brld/ built /brlt/ built /brlt/
burst /borst/ burst /borst/ burst /borst/
buv /ba1/ bouaht /bot/ bouaht /bot/
catch /kretJ/ cauaht /kot/ cauaht /bt/
come fkAmf carne /kerm/ come fkAmf
cost /kost/ cost /kost/ cost /kost/
do /du/ did /d1d/ done /dAn/
drink /dnnk/ drank /drreuk/ drunk /dfAIJk/
drive /draiv/ drove /drouv/ driven /'dnvn/
eat lit/ ate /e1t/ eaten /'itn/
fall /bl/ fell /fd/ fallen /'blan/
feel /fil/ felt /fdt/ felt /fdt/
find /famd/ found /faund/ found /faund/
flee /fli/ fled /fled/ fled /fled/
flv /fla1/ flew /flu/ flown /floun/
oet /get/ cot /got/ aotten /cotn/
olve /91v/ aave laei»! aiven /'g1vn/
/gou/ went /went/ aone / been /qon, bm/
ªº
hana /hreJJ/ huna lhAl)I huna /hAn/
have /hrev/ had /heed/ had /heed/
hide /hard/ hid /h1d/ hidden /'h1dn/
hit /hrt/ hit /hrt,' hit /hrt/
know /nou/ knew /nu/ known /noun/
learn /larn/ learned /larnd/ learned /lomd/
leave /liv/ left /left/ left /ldt/
lend /lend/ lent /lent/ lent /lent/
lose /luz/ lost /lost/ lost /lost
make /rnerk/ made /rnerd/ made /rnerd/
meet /mit/ met /mct/ met /rnet/
mow /mou/ mowed /moud/ mown /moun/
put /put/ out /put/ out /out/
read /rid/ read /red/ read /red/
ride /rard/ rode /roud/ ridden /'ndn/
run /rAn/ ran /rren/ run /rAn/
say lses! said tseá! said /sed/
see !sil saw Is:,/ seen /sin/
sell /sel/ sold /sould/ sold /soold/
send /send/ sent /scnt/ sent /sent/
set /set/ set /set/ set tseü
shake /Je1k/ shook /Juk/ shaken /Terkon/
sit /s1t/ sat /sret/ sat /sret/
sleep /slip/ sleot /slent/ sleot /slept/
slide /slard/ slid /shd/ slid /shd/
speak /spik/ scoke /spouk/ sooken /'sooukdn/
spend /spend/ soent /spcnt/ soent /snent/
spread /snred/ soread /sprcd/ soread /sored/ /,
swim /sw1m/ swam /swrem/ swum lswAml
take /te1k/ took /tuk/ taken /'te1bn/
teach /titf? tauaht /t:,t/ tauaht /t:,t/
tell /td/ told /tould/ told /tould/
think /01nk/ thouqht /0:,t/ thouaht /0-:,t/
throw /0rou/ threw /0ru/ thrown /0roun/
wear twecl wore /w-:,r/ worn /w-:,rn/
write /ra1t/ wrote /rout/ written /'ntn/

Irregular verbs list