Introduction Tema 1.

Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Modelling Water Quality in rivers and

estuaries with Iber

Luis Cea, Maria Bermúdez, Ernest Bladé, Ignacio Fraga, Georgina

Corestein, Marcos Sanz

Barcelona, 1st June 2016

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 Introduction Water Quality Problemtype
Tema 1. Introducción Conclusions

IBER. THE MODEL

Capabilities
 Simulation of free surface flow in rivers and estuaries
 Assessment of flood areas. Calculation of main flow zones.
 Hydraulic calculation of open channel networks.
 Simulation of tidal currents in estuaries.
 Sediment transport: erosion and sedimentation
 Flood risk analysis
 Water Quality

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 Introduction Water Quality Problemtype
Tema 1. Introducción Conclusions

ANTECEDENTS
Turbillon CARPA

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

THE BASE: HYDRODYNAMICS

2D Shallow Water Equations

h q x q y
  0
t x y
q x   q 2x h2    qxqy  z b τ b,x   U x    U x 
  g      gh   ν
 t h   ν
 t h 
t x  h 2  y  h  x ρ x  x  y  y 
q y  qxqy    qy h2  z b τ b,y   U y    U y 
2

      g    gh   ν
 t h   ν
 t h 
t x  h  y  h 2  y ρ x  x  y  y 

Solution: FINITE VOLUME METHOD

Numerical scheme: High resolution Godunov Method based on Roe

Approximate Riemann Solver

Mesh: non-structured triangles and quadrilaterals

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

THE INTERFACE
 Fully integrated in GiD and customized to
obtain a unified environment.
 Uses GiD standards.
 Include general data, boundary conditions and
materials.
 Specific tools

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Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

The water quality module in Iber

• The water quality module has been developed to calculate the evolution in
time and space of pollutants in non-stratified rivers and estuaries.

• For that purpose, a depth averaged 2D advection-diffusion equation is solved

for each of the considered substances.

• This equation includes source and sink terms and reactive terms to model the
interactions and transformations between different substances.
•
• User chooses number variables and assigns boundary and initial conditions.

• Point discharges con also be introduced.

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

The water quality module in Iber

• In the present version, the following variables and substances are

included::

 Salinity

 Temperature

 Coliforms (bacteriological contamination)

 Oxygen (Dissolved Oxygen and Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand)

 Nitrogen (Organic, Ammonia and Nitrates)

• New substances in future implementations

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Water quality module scheme

Sedimentation Organic Nitrogen Reaeration Temperature

Ammonification Dissolved oxygen CBOD

Sediment
Ammoniacal oxygen Biodegradation Sedimentation
nitrogen demand

Temperature Nitrification

Salinity
E. Coli
Nitrates/Nitrites
Temperature
Salinity
Degradation
Denitrification Radiation
Turbidity

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

The advection-diffusion equation

• For each substance, the depth averaged advection-diffusion transport
equation is solved:

      νt  C
t
 
h C 
x
 x 
h U C 
y
 h U C     i
h
x j  
Γ     SC

 x j 
y
Sc,t
Temporal variation Transport by advection Diffusive transport Reactive
of depth averaged and source
concentration Velocity and depth are Turbulent viscosity is terms
obtained from the obtained from the
hydrodynamic module of Iber turbulence module of Iber

• The result of this equation is the depth averaged concentration (C)

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Examples

Example. Salinity
• Evolution of salinity in an estuary in Galicia (Lombos del Ulla)

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Examples

Example. Salinity
Q=120 m3/s
• Evolution of salinity in an estuary in Galicia Salinity = 0 g/l

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Example. Temperature
• Temperature distribution in the junction of two rivers (Ebre-Segre)

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Example BOD
• Bacteriological contamination in an estuary due to point discharges. Bath
and fishing areas can be delimited (Ferrol)

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Problemtype through a Case Study. Bacteriological

contamination in Carmarthen bay

bathimetry

• Time evolution of
the dispersion of
four point
discharges.

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Hydrodynamics

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Hydrodynamics
• Surface generation, assignation of water elevation evolution (tide) in open
boundary

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Water quality. Initial conditions

• Initial conditions.

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Water quality. Boundary conditions (open boundary)

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Water Quality. Boundary conditions (discharges)

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Water Quality. Boundary conditions (discharges)

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Mesh generation
• Irregular mesh

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Mesh generation
• Smooth transition:
– Automatic correct sizes: Normal
– Unstructured size transitions = 0.1
– Regular transitions near boundary: NO

• 21.000 elements

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Water quality. Problem Data

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Results: Hydrodynamics

P3

P2
P1

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Resultados
• Coliforms evolution

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Results
• Temporal series

Graph window

Point
coordinates

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Results
• Temporal series
A

C
B

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Resultados
• Export temporal series.

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

Results
• Concentration peaks in point A are immediately after low tide, as exiting
tides propagate discharge V2 towards point A.

V2
A

• Coliform peaks take place during the night, when solar radiation is null.
During the day the coliforms degradation rate is higher due to solar
radiation and concentration decreases rapidly.

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 Introduction Tema 1. Introducción
Water Quality Problemtype Conclusions

CONCLUSIONS
 The interface of Iber, based on GiD, is user friendly, flexible and of great
value for results interpretation.

 Iber’s water quality module has been implemented to solve the

advection-diffusion equation for the most common pollutant
substances

 The module has proved to bee a useful tool for real engineering
problems

 The interface is user friendly thanks to GiD’s flexibility and capabilities.

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