Troublehooting of Gas Turbine

燃气轮机事故处理
Troubleshooting of Gas Turbine

事故概念
直接威胁机组安全运行或使设备发生损坏的各种异常状态。
Definition
Any abnormal condition that may endanger safe
operation or damage equipment.
事故处理原则 Rules Of Troubleshooting

• 如果发现机组在运行时有异常，应根据相应的设备反映出来的现象及参数
进行综合分析，予以判断，迅速确定事故原因，必要时立即紧急停运机组，
防止事故蔓延和扩大
• If there is any abnormal condition, you should
synthetically analyze the phenomena and data of related
equipment, make judgment and confirm the reason
immediately.
Press the Emergency Stop button if needed to prevent
failure extending.
• 在事故处理中，必须首先消除危及人身安全及设备的危险因素，充分评估
事故可能对人身安全和设备危害的后果，及时、果断地进行处理
• First of all, caution hazard to safety of human beings
and damage of equipment. Accurately evaluate and
quickly eliminate risk of them.
• 在处理事故中牢固树立保护设备的观念。果断地按规程规定进行处理
• Keep equipment safe in troubleshooting according to
instructions.
• 事故发生后，各岗位人员要服从值班长的统一指挥
• Operators must obey their shift director’s orders
when trouble occurs.
• 当设备故障原因无法得到判断时，按最严重的后果评估予以处理
• Estimate the worst situation when you can not figure
out the failure reason.
• 事故处理后，对事故进行详细的记录和总结
• Record and summarize failure in detail after
troubleshooting.
事故处理一般要求 General Recommends

• 保证辅助滑油泵或事故滑油泵投入工作，压力正常，燃机转速低于
900RPM时保证交流或直流顶轴油泵正常投入，转速到零后保证交流或
直流盘车正常投入。如因机组轴系故障引发的跳机事故，转速到零后，
未对旋转部件进行检查之前不允许盘车。
• Confirm that one of auxiliary lube oil pump or
emergency lube oil pump is running and the oil
pressure is normal. When the speed is lower than
900rpm, check whether one of the AC or DC bearing
pump is running. When the speed falls to zero, check
whether one of the AC or DC turning gear is running.
If the emergency trip is caused by shafting related
problems, when the speed falls to zero, do NOT run
turning gear before you’ve checked out rotating parts.
• 事故停机过程中应着重监视排气温度，滑油回油温度，轮间温度，以及
各轴承振动和机组本体有无摩擦声。
• Mainly monitor exhaust temperature, drain lube oil
temperature, wheel space temperature, bearing
vibration and grating sound of unit body in emergency
trip procedure.
• 事故停机后应保证控制系统的直流电源供给。
• Insure the DC power supply to control system.
• 保证冷却水继续工作，压力正常。
• Insure the pressure of cooling water.
• 保证各加热器在自动位，燃机进口导叶在关闭位，燃烧室确已熄火。
• Insure that each heater is in auto mode, inlet guide
valve is in close position and flame is out in chamber.
• 若机组因火灾保护跳机，在CO2释放期间严禁运行人员进入模块室内，并
应保持模块室门关闭，通风扇在停止状态。
• If unit is tripped by fire protection, it’s forbidden that
anyone get into module compartment when CO2 is
ejecting. Gate of module compartment should be closed
and fan should be stopped as well.
• 机组保护遮断停机后，再次开机之前必需确认是否为误动作，如为误动作
，应采限相应措施，处理误动作故障。
• Confirm whether it is spurious trip before you restart up,
after it is tripped by protections previously. If it’s
spurious trip, remove corresponding failure.
• 紧急停机时，应先确认报警，消除音响，将报警信号保存在计算机中，未
查明原因未排除故障时，不能复归报警，不能重新启动机组。
• If tripped, confirm alarm, silence its sound and save
alarm signal in PC. Do NOT reset alarm or restart unit
before you find out the failure reason.
手动紧急停运依据 Situations of Manual Emergency Trip

• 机组发生故障,自动紧停保护拒动；
• Automatic emergency trip protection abnegated in unit
failure;
• 机组运行中任一轴承断油、冒烟；
• Any bearing is out of lube oil or fumy;
• 机组内转动部件有明显的金属撞击声,机组振动突然明显的增大;
• Obvious metallic grating sound in rotating parts or
distinct vibration rising;
• 机组发生喘振;
• Surge in Unit;
• 滑油系统大量泄油；
• Huge leakage of lube oil system;
• 燃气管路爆管大量泄燃气；
• Pipeline crack in gas and huge leakage of gas;
• 发电机励磁机冒烟；
• Smoke in generator or exciter;
• 发电机出线电缆头、开关或避雷器爆炸；
• Explosion in generator output cable, switch or
lightning arrester;
• 发电机电压互感器或电流互感器冒烟；
• Smoke in generator voltage transmitter or current
transmitter;
• 燃油系统起火,不能及时扑灭;
• Fire in fuel oil system which can not be extinguished
immediately;
• 发“切换站燃油压力低”报警，控制室伴有强烈振动感，有功负荷大幅
摆动，且这三种现象同时出现时；
• The three below happens at the same time: low
pressure of fuel oil in switching skid, significant
vibration in control compartment, distinct power
fluctuation;
• 发生的故障可能严重危及人身设备安全的情况。
• Severe danger to the safety of human beings or
equipment.
燃气轮机四大保护
Four Protections of Gas Turbine
1. 超温 Over Temperature Protection

2. 超速 Over Speed Protection
3. 超振 Over Vibration Protection
4. 熄火 Flameout Protection
超温 Over Temperature Protection
• 逻辑代码 Logic Code:

L86TXT_ALM
• 原因 Analysis:
TTXM>TTXR+22.2℃ or TTXM>621℃
• 处理 Troubleshooting:
检查燃油控制系统 Check fuel oil control system;
检查排气热偶 Check exhaust temperature
thermocouple;
检查轮控盘卡件 Check PCB boards of control
system.
超速 Over Speed Protection

L12H_ALM
机组转速>110%额定转速
real speed>110% rated speed
检查机组的转速控制系统，查明原因并进行处理。
Check speed control system.
超振 Over Vibration Protection
• 逻辑代码 Logic Code: L39VTX_ALM

振动传感器测得振动大于25.4mm/s且同组中另有振动传感器报警
或故障 Vibration is higher than 25.4mm/s from
transmitter and there is other vibration alarm or
failure in the same group.
1.监视惰走情况轴系严重故障禁止投盘车 Monitor coasting
operation. If severe failure in shafting related,
turning gear is forbidden.
2.检查振动传感器 Check vibration transmitter.
3.检查轴系的机械故障 Check shafting related
mechanical failure.
熄火 Flameout Protection
• 逻辑代码 Logic Code: L28FDT_ALM
机组三个或三个以上火焰探测器检测不到火焰
Three or above flame detectors can not detect flame.
1.检查有无其它遮断故障
Check if there is other trip failure.
2.检查前置油系统油压,滤网是否正常,管路无大的泄漏、积气或水.
Check fuel oil forwarding pressure, filter, leakage,
accumulated air or water.
3.检查雾化空气系统
Check atomizing air system.
4.检查燃油泵电磁离合器
Check fuel oil electro-magnetic clutch.
5.检查燃油分配器有无卡涩
Check if there is clog in fuel oil manifold.
一些常见故障 FAQ
1. 燃烧故障
Flaming failure
2. 点火失败
Ignition failure
3. 防喘阀位置故障
Position failure of surge valve
4. IGV控制故障
Control failure of IGV
5. 燃油压力低
Low pressure of fuel oil
6. 排气温差大
High differential of exhaust temperature
7. 滑油压力低
Low pressure of lube oil
8. 滑油温度高
High temperature of lube oil
9. 雾化空气温度高
High temperature of atomizing air
10.雾化空气压差低
Low differential pressure of atomizing air
11.火警
Fire Alarm
排气温差大跳机
High differential of exhaust temperature, TRIP

L30SPT
TTXSP1>TTXSPL
TTXSP2>0.8*TTXSPL & 最低与次低相邻TTXSP1 is adjacent to TTXSP2
TTXSP3>0.8*TTXSPL & TTXSP1>2TTXSPL
TTXSP1>2TTXSPL, TTXSP2>0.8TTXSPL & 次低与次次低相邻 TTXSP2 is
adjacent to TTXSP3
以上四条中任一条存在都引起遮断Any of the four above will
cause trip.
1.检查热电偶 Check thermocouple
2.检查十个喷嘴前压力 Check pressure before ten
nozzles
3.检查燃油分配器 Check fuel oil manifold
4.检查热通道部件 Check heat passing through parts
点火失败 Ignition failure

• 逻辑代码 Logic Code: L30FD_ALM
发点火信号后60秒内火焰探测器没测到一个火焰信号
No flame is detected 60 seconds after ignition signal.
1.检查点火花塞及其回路 Check spark plug & its circuit
2.检查连焰管 Check link-flame pipe
3.检查雾化空气系统、水洗阀门 Check atomizing air
system & water washing valves
4.检查燃油分配器 Check fuel oil manifold
5.检查燃油伺服阀 Check fuel oil servo valve
6.检查火焰探测器 Check flame detector
7.检查点火系统交流电源 Check AC power supply of
ignition system
8.检查燃油系统 Check fuel oil system
防喘阀位置故障跳机
Position failure of surge valve, TRIP

L86CBT_ALM
停机降速96%以下11秒后一个或两个防喘阀未在开位
One or two surge valves are not in open position
11 seconds after the speed falls lower than
96%THN.
1.确认机组确已遮断 Confirm unit is tripped.
2.到就地检查阀的实际位置 Check the valves in field.
3.若多个阀均未开,检查防喘放气电磁阀是否卡住 Check the
vent electro-magnetic valve of surge valve.
4.启机前须作主复归 Main reset before startup.
IGV控制故障跳机 Control failure of IGV, TRIP

 逻辑代码 Logic Code:
L4IGVT_ALM
96%转速以后IGV开度<38度
angel of IGV < 38 degree after 96%THN.
IGV开度LVDT值与角度反馈值之差>7.5O延时5秒
5 seconds delay after the differential of LVDT
and feedback of IGV angel is more than 7.50.
1.检查液压油系统 Check Hydraulic oil system.
2.检查伺服系统 Check servo system.
3.检查控制系统 Check control system.
滑油压力低报警 Low pressure of lube oil, ALARM

• 逻辑代码 Logic Code: L63QA2L_ALM
滑油母管压力低于0.84 kgf/cm2
Header pressure is lower than 0.84kgf/cm2
1.若主滑油泵出口压力低，请示值长后按一般故障停运方式停机 If
output pressure of main oil pump is low, normally
shut down unit after asking shift director.
2.若主滑油滤网压差高，切换滤网 If pressure differential of
main oil filter is high, change filter.
3.若滑油系统大量泄漏，紧急停运 If there is huge lube oil
leakage, emergency trip.
4.检查压力取样管路是否有泄漏 Check if there is leakage in
pressure sampling pipe.
5.检查压力变送器 Check pressure transmitter.
滑油温度高报警
High temperature of lube oil, ALARM

L26QA_ALM
滑油母管油温高于74℃
Header temperature of lube oil is higher than 74℃.
1.若冷却水泵运行异常，切换水泵 Shift to backup water
pump if main pump is abnormal.
2.若滑油冷却器运行异常，切至备用组 Shift to backup
lube oil cooler if main cooler is abnormal.
3.对冷却水系统进行排气 Vent cooling water system.
火警 Fire Alarm
L45FTX_ALM
1.透平间着火 Fire in turbine compartment.
2.辅机间着火 Fire in accessory compartment.
3.负荷联轴间着火 Fire in load compartment.
1.确认后紧急停机 Emergency shutdown after
confirmation.
2.检查CO2系统工作是否正常，若CO2系统没自动投入，应手动投
入 Check CO2 system. If not run automatically,
manually run it.
3.确认各风机应自动停运，否则应手动停运 Check all fans
should stop automatically. If not, manual stop.
＃1机排气温差大遮断故障分析报告
#1 GT Trip by Exhaust Temperature Differential
High
2006年6月18日＃1机在运行中因锅炉漏气烤坏排气热电偶导线，导致机
组遮断。现将故障过程、分析及反措报告如下
On Jun 18, 2006. #1 gas turbine was tripped during
normal operation by the bad quality of exhaust
temperature thermocouple burnt by the leakage of gas
exhaust from HRSG. The following part reports the
phenomena, troubleshooting, analysis and improvement.
一、事件经过：
I Phenomena & Troubleshooting
1、6月17日06:58#1机启机至空载满速时MKV发“燃烧故障”报警，查
TTXSP1为175.8℃，TTXD-9：103℃，其他测点均为270℃，
1. At 06:58, Jun 17, #1 gas turbine sent alarm
“combustion fault” when the unit was in full speed no
load. Checked that TTXSP1 was 175.8℃ and TTXD-9 was
103℃. Other temperatures were 270℃.
2、07:22 TTXD-9为213℃，TTXSP1为341.5℃，其余测点均为530℃
以上，MKV发“排气热电偶故障”，07:38 TTXD-9突变为543℃，报警复归，
显示正常，TTXSP1为30.5℃，
2. At 07:22, TTXD-9 was 213℃, TTXSP1 was 341.5℃,
while others were over 530℃. Mark V sent alarm
“exhaust thermocouple fault”. At 07:38, TTXD-9 rose up
to 543℃ and the alarm reset. It displayed normally and
TTXSP1 was 30.5℃.
3、10:18 MKV发“燃烧故障”报警，TTXD-9在 260℃左右波动，经热控

人员将TTXD-9与TTXD-15并接后显示均为550℃。
3. At 10:18, Mark V sent alarm “combustion fault” and
TTXD-9 was fluctuating around 260℃. After thermal
control maintenance crew shorted circuit of TTXD-9 and
TTXD-15, it displayed 550℃.
4、6月18日零点班热控人员更换TTXD-9的补偿导线，MKV盘内TTXD-9与
TTXD-15短接线已取消，MKV显示正常。
4. At mid-night on Jun 18, thermal control maintenance
crew replaced the cold junction compensation cable of
TTXD-9 and canceled the short circuit in Mark V control
panel. Mark V displayed normally.
5、6月18日零点班启机正常，空载时TTXSP1为7.3℃，07:23 并网带
30MW，07:52接令带60MW，08:10接令带基本负荷。
5. In the morning the unit started normally. TTXSP1 was
7.3℃ during full speed no load. At 07:23 it synchronized
and loaded up to 30MW. At 07:52 it loaded up to 60MW.
At 08:10 it run in base load.
6、08:29:49发“负荷间温度高”报警，查TTIB1为425℃；
6. At 08:29:49, system sent alarm “high temperature in
load compartment”. Checked TTIB1 was 425℃.
7、08:31:42发“排烟温差高遮断”报警，机组遮断，查TTXSP1快速
上升：由34↑130↑250℃，＃１，6，10，11，12点排烟温度快速下降至
300－400多度，检查各喷嘴，燃油管道正常，无漏油痕迹；
7. At 08:31:42, system sent alarm “exhaust temperature
differential high - trip” and the unit was tripped.
Checked
that TTXSP1 increased rapidly from 34℃130℃250℃,
and the exhaust temperature on #1, #6, #10, #11, #12
reduced to 300-400℃. Checked all the nozzles and fuel
pipelines and no leakage was found.
8、08:44:36盘车投入后对机组全面检查机组及冲油均正常。
8. At 08:44:36, entirely checked the unit and filled fuel
into tubes after turning gear (cooldown). All were
normal.
9、09:37经总工同意后，机组选“CRANK”位发STRAT令；09：40检查启动失败
阀无油流出，转AUTO；09：41机组点火，#C#D1s→#A#B，TNH为12.21%，检查机组各
喷嘴前压力均为9.8bar；
9. At 09:37, after chief engineer’s permission, selected
“CRANK” and set “START”. At 09:40 checked no fuel
flowed out of the startup failure valve. Turned into
“AUTO”. At 09:41 the unit fired, #C, #D1sec#A, #B.
TNH was 12.21% and the fuel pressures in front of each
nozzles were 9.8bar.
10、09:46：07机组转速为43.79% TTXM为550℃,温差TTXSP1为474.6℃，
TTXD1_1、至TTXD1_12排气热电偶只有100℃左右，其他热电偶温度在500℃，即发
“STOP”令，机组转速为43.79%；
10. At 09:46:07, the speed was 43.79%, TTXM was 550℃
and TTXSP1 was 474.6℃. The thermocouples from
TTXD1_1 to TTXD1_12 were only 100℃, while other
thermocouples were 500℃. Sent “STOP” when the speed
was 43.79%.
11、停机后对系统全面检查发现水平烟道第一道膨胀节处保温棉有损
坏，漏气造成燃机左侧排气热电偶TTXD1_1－12，TTIB1，＃3瓦振动及三
级叶轮后测温电缆均被烤坏。
11. Entirely checked the system again after shutdown
and found that there was damage in the rockwool
insulation on the first expansion joint of the horizontal
flue. The leakage exhaust burnt down the exhaust
thermocouples(TTXD1_1 to 12, TTIB1), vibration sensors
on #3 bearing and temperature cable after 3rd stage in
the left side of gas turbine were all burnt down.
12、热控检修立即进行更换电缆，热机检修安排锅炉人员对膨胀节进
行处理，于当晚处理完毕。
12. Thermal control maintenance crew immediately
replaced all the burnt cables, and mechanical
maintenance crew handled the broken expansion joint at
night.
二、原因分析：
II Analysis
1、水平烟道第一道膨胀节是01年机组安装后运行至今，05年制定
大修计划时，根据蒙皮、内部填料及内层插板状态良好，未列入05－06
年度大修计划。由于＃1机今年大修时间长达半年引起烟气通道过量收缩，
加上连续阴雨天气、保温大量进水后不能及时排除和烘干，使得膨胀节
内填充材料、挤压引起自补偿失效，加上蒙皮的脆化造成在热态高温正
压气流作用下穿破、漏烟。
1. The first expansion joint of horizontal flue was
running without maintenance, after the installation in
2001. Considering its good condition, it was not listed
in the 2005 – 2006 overhaul plan. The over-shrinkage in
the exhaust flue caused by the half-year overhaul
period of #1 unit, plus continuous rainy day, made a lot
of water remained in the rockwool insulation and can not

be drained in time. The filling materials in the expansion
joint extruded to abate the self-compensation. Together
with the influence of the embrittled coating, the
expansion joint was broken down under the hot high
temperature positive gas flow.
2、由于水平烟道第一道膨胀节破损，大量的约540℃左右排气直接吹
向膨胀节下旁边左侧排气热电偶TTXD1_1－12，TTIB1，＃3瓦振动及三级叶
轮后测温电缆桥架，使得上述电缆被烤坏，导致排气温度大幅波动，机组
因排气温差大跳机；
2. Due to the broken expansion joint of horizontal flue,
gas at 540℃ directly blowed to the
thermocouples(TTXD1_1 to 12, TTIB1), vibration sensors
on #3 bearing and the temperature cable after 3rd stage,
which caused huge fluctuation in exhaust temperature
and the trip.
三、故障反措
III Improvement to Fault
1、热机分部锅炉专业根据我厂锅炉结构特点制定膨胀节保温加工工艺，
同时规范使用周期（暂定为每两年进行全部更换大修），从而保证膨胀节
能安全可靠运行。
1. According to the features of NSRD, the HRSG
engineers in mechanical maintenance department
constituted mechanical work craft of expansion joint,
and standardized the period of usage (totally
replacement each 2 years, temporarily), to ensure the
safe and reliable operation of expansion joint.
2、热机分部锅炉专业对全厂9E锅炉膨胀节进行全面普查，如有隐患，
及时安排时间处理。
2. the HRSG engineers in mechanical maintenance
department checked all the expansion joint around the
power plant and solved the problem if necessary.
3、热控、电气专业对机组内经过高温区域的控制、动力电缆，利用
小修、大修期间进行技术改造，将上述电缆改走向，使其远离高温区。
3. Control and electrical engineers technically reformed
all the control/electrical cables passing through high
temperature zones by chances of maintenance and
overhaul, to avoid the potential dangers of high
temperature zones.
4、热控、电气专业对于经过高温区域的控制、动力电缆桥架内加衬
保温材料，桥架外侧用保温棉包裹，以隔离高温辐射烘烤。
4. Control/electrical engineers added heating insulation
materials inside the control /electrical cable ducts and
rockwool insulation outside the ducts, to avoid the
radiation of high temperature.
关于#3机顶轴油管出现裂纹被迫停机事故分析报告
#3 GT Passive Shutdown Caused By Crack in Jacking
Oil Tube
2006年11月07日07：48分，#3机在基本负荷状态下运行，因#4瓦顶轴
油管处大量喷油，被迫紧急停机。现将故障过程、分析及反措报告如下：
At 07:48, on Nov 07, 2006, #3 gas turbine was in base
load. Huge oil sprayed out of #4 jacking oil tube, which
caused emergency shutdown.
I Phenomena and Troubleshooting.
1、06：00 启机前检查正常，充油憋压正常，管道无漏，顶轴油压：母
管：85bar，#4瓦：80bar,#5瓦：80bar,#6瓦26bar。
1. At 06:00, pre-check was normal before startup. Filled
tubes with oil and no leakage occurred. Pressure of
jacking oil: 85bar/header; 80bar/#4 bearing; 80bar/#5
bearing; 26bar/#6 bearing.
2、06：35 机组发启动令起机，06：48 空载满速，检查机组无异常，滑油油

压：母管：7.3bar，#4瓦：0.95bar，#5瓦：1.05bar,#6瓦：1.5bar。06：54 切重
油，07：07 切重油到位，检查机组正常。07：18 带至基本负荷。
2. At 06:35, system started. At 06:48, gas turbine was in
full speed no load. Checked all normally. Lube oil
pressures: 7.3bar/header; 0.95bar/#4 bearing; 1.05bar/#5
bearing; 1.5bar/#6 bearing. At 06:54, it transferred to
heavy oil. At 07:07, the transfer was completed. Checked
all normally. At 07:18, base load.
3、07：48 巡检发现#3发电机#4瓦顶轴油进口管道弯头处线状漏油，立
即报值长同时手动快速降负荷停机，合上主变地刀。
3. At 07:48, line oil leakage was found in the bend of
jacking oil inlet tube on #4 bearing of #3 generator.
Operator reported to shift director and manually reduced
load to shutdown rapidly at the same time. Closed
grounding switch of transformer.
4、07：54 到现场检查发现油流量加大，成雾状喷油，接张部长令，
手拍5E停机。
4. At 07:54, checked in field that the oil leakage was
increasing to mist. Manually press 5E button to trip the
unit by the order from operation manager.
5、07：55 断开#3机交流顶轴油泵88JA、直流顶轴油泵88JE、交流盘
车马达88TG-1、直流盘车马达88TG-2电源。08：18 机组转速到零，轮间
温度最高400℃。
5. At 07:55, cut off the power supply of 88JA (AC jacking
oil pump), 88JE (DC jacking oil pump), 88TG-1 (AC
turning gear motor), 88TG-2 (DC turning gear motor). At
08:18, the speed declined to zero while the wheelspace
temperature was 400℃.
6、检修人员赶到现场仔细检查，发现#4瓦顶轴油管进口弯头处出现一长达30mm
左右的裂纹（见附图1、2）。立即对此管路进行更换，并对此管路可能与周边管路
发生摩擦的部位采取了包扎一层橡皮垫的防护措施（见附图3）。
6. Maintenance crew came to check and found there was
a 300mm long crack in the bend of the jacking oil inlet
tube on #4 bearing. They replaced the tube immediately
and banded up rubber pad as protection in the parts
which may had friction with other tubes.
7、08：24 机组#4瓦顶轴油进口管道弯头已更换完毕。经检查无漏，投交流顶
轴油泵88JA（电流11.5A），顶轴油压：母管：85bar，#4瓦：80bar，#5瓦：80bar，
#6瓦：26bar，经检查无异常，投上盘车（电流14A），听音正常。
7. At 08:24, the bend of jacking oil inlet tube had been
replaced with no leakage. Powered on 88JA (AC jacking
oil pump) with 11.5A. The jacking oil pressures:
85bar/header; 80bar/#4 bearing; 80bar/#5 bearing;
26bar/#6 bearing. No abnormity was found. Powered on
turning gear and the current was 14A. Normal sound.
II Analysis
此次事件中#4瓦顶轴油管是印度出厂的随机件，随着年限的增加，出
现裂纹的部位既有材料脆化的强度问题，也有接近弯曲的部位属于薄弱部
位（管道外部在弯制时拉伸减薄），在长期高压油的冲刷出现了裂纹。
The jacking oil tube of #4 bearing was the original
accessory from India. With its aging, the embrittled
intensity of material and the weak part of stretched bend
caused crack under long-term scour of high pressure oil.
三、故障反措
III Improvement
各部门加强设备巡视，严格执行巡检制度，尤其是对机组设备存在
的老化问题进行跟踪，对机组设备加强监督工作，确保设备安全。
Strengthened the field check of each kind of equipment,
especially tracing the aging problem to ensure the safety
of equipment.
＃10机滑油温度高跳机故障分析报告
#10 GT Trip by High Temperature of Lube Oil
2005年7月12日＃10机在运行中因滑油温度高跳机。现将故障过
程、分析及反措报告如下：
On Jul 12, 2005, #10 gas turbine was tripped by high
temperature of lube oil.
I Phenomena & Troubleshooting.
1、15：20 ＃10机带基本负荷烧重油运行正常。检修要求检查
“#10机循环水换热器燃机侧内冷却水进口阀(运行报缺”关不到位”),
由于该组换热器为运行状态，运行当值人员应检修要求将冷却水换热器
从工作组切至备用组；
1. At 15:20, #10 gas turbine was in base load on heavy
oil. Maintenance crew wanted to check the cooling
water inlet valve on gas turbine side of #10 circulating
water heat exchanger. (operator reported it could not
close completely in advance.) Due to the heat
exchanger was in working condition, operator
transferred it from working to backup on the demand of
maintenance crew.
2、15：25，切换完毕，查看内循环水泵出口压力4.0bar,滑油温度
（LTTH）由63℃上升至65℃，后又降至60℃稳定；
2. At 15:25 the transfer was finished. Checked the outlet
pressure of inner circulating water was 4.0bar. The lube
oil temperature (LTTH) increased from 63℃ to 65℃, then
it declined to 60℃ and sustained.
3、15：48检修检查结束，确认该组内冷却水进口阀门确实关不到位，
运行人员随即将冷却水换热器切换到了原运行组；
3. At 15:48, all the maintenance completed. It was
confirmed that the inlet valve of inner cooling water
could not completely shut down. The operator
transferred the heat exchanger of cooling water to the
former working one.
4、15：55运行已经将冷却水换热器切换至原工作组，内循环水泵出
口压力4.0bar，滑油温度约60℃；
4. At 15:55, the heat exchanger had transferred to the former
working one. The outlet pressure of inner circulating water was
4.0bar and the lube oil temperature was 60℃.
5、16：04丁值值班员在接班检查中发现＃10机滑油温度升至74℃，
立即降负荷；赶往就地检查换热器内外循环水进出口阀门位置正确，并
对运行组换热器进行排气，未发现有气排出。此时滑油温度仍在上升，
立即将备用组换热器投入并列运行；
5. At 16:04, the operator of the next shift found the lube oil
temperature increased to 74℃ in the handover field check, and
immediately reduced load. Checked the inlet/outlet valves of the
heat exchanger inner/outer circulating water in correct positions.
Ventilated the heat exchanger and there was not airflow. At that
time the lube oil temperature continuously increased. Put the
backup heat exchanger into parallel operation with the former
working one.
6、16：07 ＃10机因滑油温度高跳机；
6. At 16:07, #10 gas turbine was tripped by the high
temperature of lube oil.
7、16：08 滑油温度开始回落，将冷却水换热器退出并联运行，用原
工作组运行；
7. At 16:08 the lube oil temperature started to decline.
Set the former backup heat exchanger into backup again.
8、16：14对机组进行检查无异常，重新冲油检查正常。16：40启机点
火正常，过临界振动、滑油温度正常，燃机于16：55并网。
8. At 16:14 checked the whole unit without abnormity.
Filled fuel and everything was ok. At 16:40 the unit fired
normally, and the vibration and lube oil temperature
during critical speed were normal. The unit get
synchronized at 16:55.
II Analysis.
1、滑油温度上升原因分析：
1. Analysis of lube oil temperature increase
①、管路带气。从事件经过来看，运行人员在换热器切换操作时已进
行了系统排气，发现滑油温度上升后，也进行了排气操作，均没有气排出
（该换热器仅经短暂退出检查，在此前为长期运行），故可排除此因素；
a. Air accumulated in pipelines. Operator had ventilated
the heat exchanger during its transfer process, as well
as when he found the lube oil temperature increased.
Both of them had no air discharged. (The heat
exchanger was in long-term operation before the
transient stop for check) Thus, this situation could be
removed.
②、换热器进出口阀门阀芯与阀门把手位置不对应（把手在开位而阀
门实际在关位或半关位）。从事件经过里，切换操作完成后内循环泵出口
压力仍然有4.0bar，故可排除此因素；
b. The position indicators on the heat exchanger
inlet/outlet valve did not match the valve disk (position
indicator was in open position but the valve disk was in
close or half-close position). In the troubleshooting, the
outlet pressure of inner circulating pump was still 4.0bar
after transfer, so that this situation could be removed.
③、冷却器切换操作。从历史曲线（滑油温度波形）图上明显的看出换热器进行切
换操作时对滑油温度的影响：第一次从工作组切换至备用组时滑油温度仅有小幅上升，
并很快回落稳定；但在运行值班员单独进行第二次切换操作后，滑油温度开始快速上
升直至跳机，虽然从值班员记录及其事故报告来看切换过程没有误操作，但不能排除
运行人员实际操作上的失误导致滑油温度高跳机的可能性。
c. Transfer operation of the heat exchanger. According to
the historic trend (lube oil temperature trend), it was
obviously concluded from the trend that how the heat
exchanger transfer influenced the lube oil temperature. In
the first transfer from working group to backup group, the
lube oil temperature increased a little bit and returned to
original soon. But, after the second transfer by the operator
alone, the lube oil temperature started increase rapidly till
the trip. Although the working log and failure report
showed there was not any misoperation during transfer,
there was some possibility of operator’s actual
misoperation which led to the final trip by high temperature
of lube oil.
2、在进行换热器切换操作后，值班人员没有跟踪监视相关参数的异常，
延误处理时机也是导致机组跳闸的原因。
2. After the heat exchanger transfer operation, the
operator did not follow the changes of related
parameters, which delayed the best time for
troubleshooting. This was the reason of trip.
三、故障反措
III Improvement
1、对于平常很少操作的重大操作项目，必须在单元长监护下完成；
1. For those seldom operated important operation, they
should be completed under the monitor of unit
supervisor.
2、运行部完善各类运行操作卡，严格执行操作卡制度；
2. Operation department optimized each operation craft
card and strictly obeyed the rules.
3、运行部继续加强对新员工的业务培训，尤其要作好老师傅对新员工
的传帮带；
3. Operation department continued strengthen the
training for new operators, especially for the one-to-one
training.
4、尽量避开在交接班时间段内对运行机组的辅助设备进行切换操作，
以利于切换操作后相关运行状况的跟踪监视延续性；
4. Try to avoid the transfers of auxiliary equipment
during the handover time, to keep the continuous
monitor and trace for the related parameters after the
transfer operations.
#3机IGV故障超温跳机分析报告
#3 GT Trip by Over-temperature of IGV Fault
1月6日#3机在运行过程中，IGV的LVDT反馈连杆断脱，引发#3机超
温跳机。事件过程、分析及反措报告如下：
On Jan 6, 3# gas turbine was in operation. The LDVT
feedback connecting rod of IGV was broken off, which
caused over temperature trip.
I Phenomena & Troubleshooting
1、6日12：00，＃3机根据值长令由重油基本转为预选87mw，投入IGV
温控方式运行。机组状态稳定，TTXM为550℃；IGV开度为60度左右；
1. At 12:00 on Jan 6, #3 gas turbine turned from base
load/heavy oil into preselect load of 87MW. Set IGV
Temp Control. The system was stable, TTXM was 550℃
and angel of IGV was 60°.
2、12：52：48，MKV突然发出“排气温度高”报警；12：52：59，发出“排气超
温遮断”报警，机组熄火遮断；
2. At 12:52:48, Mark V sent alarm “exhaust temperature high”. At
12:52:59, it sent alarm “exhaust overtemperature - trip” and the gas
turbine was tripped.
3、查看跳闸记录发现机组在发出“排气温度高”报警到跳机前CSGV出现
58~77.5度间的波动，其伺服电流CAGV也相应出现大幅波动。查看跳机后的CSGV为58
度，现场IGV开度为34度，初步怀疑IGV系统有故障。继续检查发现LVDT反馈连杆断
脱，即更换新连杆后进行相关试验正常；
3. Checked the trip log that from the alarm “exhaust temperature high”
to the trip the CSGV fluctuated between 58 – 77.5°, while its servo
current CAGV had the same huge fluctuation. After the trip, the CSGV
was 58° and the actual angel of IGV in field was 34°. Took a
preliminary skeptical attitude to the IGV system. It was found in
further check that the LVDT feedback connecting rod was broken off.
Replaced a new connecting rod and all related tests were normal.
4、对机组进行全面检查未发现其他异常。考虑本次跳机为超温遮断
（最高单点温度为630℃），经研究决定：机组维持低速盘车自然冷却后从
排气室检查三级动叶，若无异常，则进行水洗，再全面检查热通道部件；
4. Checked the whole system and no other abnormity
was found. Considering the trip of overtemperature (the
highest temperature point was 630℃), the gas turbine
maintained cooldown speed and then checked the three
stages’ rotors in the discharge chamber after it was
cooled down. If it was ok, set water washing and
completely checked the hot gas path parts.
5、7日5：40，#3机最高轮间温度降至160℃，检查三动未发现异常；
5. At 05:40, the highest wheelspace temperature of #3
gas turbine declined to 160℃ and no abnormity was
found in three stages’ rotors.
6、6：40，开始水洗，10：40，水洗结束，开始进行窥镜检查；
6. At 06:40, waster washing started. At 10:40, it was
over and set sight glass check.
7、13；00，窥镜检查结束。除Ⅰ喷外环壁及Ⅰ动叶背进气侧原有
的局部过热痕迹稍有加重外，其他未发现异常，确认不影响机组运行；
7. At 13:00, sight glass check was over. There was only
slight deepening in the trace of the partial overheat in
the outer annual surface of 1st stage nozzle and the
rear side of 1st stage rotor.
8、13：40#3机启机，14：09并网；
8. At 13:40, #3 gas turbine started and synchronized at
14:09.
II Analysis
1、本次#3机跳机原因为IGV的LVDT反馈连杆断脱后CSGV突然增大而呈高
值（选两个LVDT中的高值）。因当时机组为IGV温控方式运行，所以控制系
统关小IGV开度，但其反馈值不变，IGV开度持续关小，直至全关造成机组空
气量在短时间内骤减而超温跳机（在此过程中随着排烟温度的升高，FSRT控
制也会减燃料，但仍跟不上排气温度的变化）；
1. The LVDT feedback connecting rod of IGV was broken off,
then the CSGV increased suddenly and was in high value
(selecting the high value in two LVDTs). At that time the unit
was in IGV Temp Control, so Mark V sent the demand of
decrease the angel of IGV, while the feedback remained the
same. In this way the IGV continuously closed till full close,
which led the air volume inside the unit reduced violently and
the unit tripped by overtemperature. (In this process the
exhaust temperature increased too, and FSRT reduced the fuel
quantity. But this could not follow the change of exhaust
temperature.)
2、LVDT反馈连杆仅投用两年就发生连接部位的脱落。初步分析为
原机械连接方式不能满足该部件的长期可靠使用要求。
2. The LVDT feedback connecting rod was broken
down only after 2 years usage. Preliminary concluded
that the original mechanical connecting method might
not meet the requirement for long-term usage.
三、故障反措
III Improvement
1、再次强调机组跳机后必须查明原因、排除故障，且要对机组进行
全面检查确认不影响机组安全后方可启机；
1. Insist again that it is a must to find out the real reason
after trip and solve it, as well as a whole check for the
unit. Then the unit could be started again.
2、对全厂燃机IGV反馈连杆进行全面普查，将机械连接方式的连杆作
银焊处理；
2. Checked all the LVDT feedback connecting rods of
IGV and made silver soldering to each of them.
谢谢！
Thanks!

Troublehooting of Gas Turbine

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Troublehooting of Gas Turbine

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燃气轮机事故处理

Troubleshooting of Gas Turbine

事故处理原则 Rules Of Troubleshooting

事故处理一般要求 General Recommends

手动紧急停运依据 Situations of Manual Emergency Trip

1. 超温 Over Temperature Protection

超温 Over Temperature Protection

• 逻辑代码 Logic Code:

超速 Over Speed Protection

• 逻辑代码 Logic Code:

超振 Over Vibration Protection

• 逻辑代码 Logic Code: L39VTX_ALM

High differential of exhaust temperature, TRIP

点火失败 Ignition failure

• 逻辑代码 Logic Code:

IGV控制故障跳机 Control failure of IGV, TRIP

滑油压力低报警 Low pressure of lube oil, ALARM

• 逻辑代码 Logic Code:

3、10:18 MKV发“燃烧故障”报警，TTXD-9在 260℃左右波动，经热控

of water remained in the rockwool insulation and can not

2、06：35 机组发启动令起机，06：48 空载满速，检查机组无异常，滑油油

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