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Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
9
Z est for Progress
Z Peal of artnership
Science Grade 9
Quarter 4 - Module 2
Motion in Two Dimensions
Name of Learner:
Grade & Section:
Name of School:
Module
Motion in Two
2
Dimensions
This lesson will discuss a type of motion in two-dimensions using projectile motion as an
example. It focuses on the concept that two-dimension movements will be described and
predicted using kinematics and dynamics. It also illustrates that true
projectiles follow a parabolic path that is due to the downward pull of gravity. The activities
also exhibit that the uniform horizontal motion (non-accelerated) is independent of the non-
uniform (uniformly accelerated) vertical motion.
What's In
What is your favorite sport? Is it basketball, volleyball, badminton, or perhaps, ping
pong? Have you ever joined Intramurals? When you throw a ball, how far can it travel? Or
better yet, how hard do you need to serve for the volleyball to reach the other side of the
court? Whether you're an athlete or a member of the cheering squad, you might have
observed that the ball seems to be "flying" when thrown mid-air and appears to follow a
specific path.
Not only that, but you may have noticed that in many sports and games, players come
"flying" too. These situations happen in real life and not only apply to sports but can also be
used to track the path of meteorites and rockets' trajectories. How cool is that?
In this module, you will be introduced to the concepts of understanding motion in
two- dimensions that will help you employ the physics of sports and improve game events
experiences.
What's New
34
Materials Needed:
Marble or jackstone fine powder (face powder, corn starch)
¼ illustration board half-protractor template
stack of books
4 sheets of graphing paper
set of weights retractable ball pen as launcher
2 popsicle sticks masking tape
tabletop stopwatch
sticky tape
Procedure:
Day One Activity
I. Linear horizontal motion
Instruction: Use the pen to move the marble horizontally along the tabletop. Observe the
ball's motion. Draw and label the velocity-time and the acceleration-time graphs on the axes
below.
40º
3. Push the top end of the improved retractable pen
and firmly hold it horizontally at point A. Then
carefully place the powder-coated marble on its
launching pad. Push the clip of the improved
retractable pen to launch the marble.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
(Please attach the graphing paper you used in the activity)
Q1. Describe the path (trajectory) for horizontally-fired projectiles along an incline. Draw the
path (trajectory) of the marble.
Q2. Describe the form of the trajectory for projectiles fired at angles along an incline. Draw
the path (trajectory) of the marble.
Q3. Compare the locations of the trajectory peaks in terms of maximum height reached.
Q4. Compare the horizontal distances (range) reached when they return to the elevation from
which they were launched.
Q5. Look at the path or the trajectories of projectiles fired at angles for the same launching
velocity, which covered the greatest range (horizontal distance in the x-axis)?
Q6. Among the trajectories of projectiles launched at angles, for the same launching speed,
which recorded the highest peak?
What is it
There are two coordinates usually used to describe projectile motion: horizontal and
vertical axes. The horizontal distance traveled by the projectile is called the range. While the
vertical distance, that is, the distance from where it was launched to the topmost point of its
path, is called its height.
A notable thing to note is that the same range is obtained from two different
projection angles– complementary angles. A body thrown into the air at an angle of 75º, for
example, will have a similar range as if it were thrown at the same speed at an angle of 15º.
An object thrown at 60o will have the same range as when the object is launched at 30o. As
you can see, when we get the sum of 75 o angle and 15o angle, 60o angle, and 30o angle, in
both sets, we would obtain a 90o angle. This means that the 75o angle and 15o angle are called
complementary angles. Similarly, 60o angle and 30o angle are also complementary angles.
Thus, complementary angles (angles whose sum is equal to 90o) would result in an equivalent
range. Similarly, you have also observed that the marble, when launched at different angles,
also reached different distances at different times. That is, for smaller angles, the object
remains in the air for a shorter time. A maximum range is attained when an object is
launched 45o from the horizontal.
13
What's More
Activity 2: Curve A Like
Objective: The students will be able to set a ball in projectile motion to match pre-drawn
parabolic trajectories.
Materials:
Chalk
manila paper (2 whole sheets)
Small ball or any round object that is safe to throw (e.g., tennis ball, sepak takraw, etc.)
Procedure:
1. Match-a-curve.
a. Draw a rough parabola by drawing
vertical and horizontal lines on manila
paper and throw the ball like in Figure 6.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
Q1. In what direction or
orientation did you throw the ball?
Q3. How many tries did you make Figure 6 Matching trajectory A to a half parabola
to match the curved paths? Source: Science---Grade 9 Learner’s Module
b. Draw a box at the bottom end of the parabola. Throw the ball again with the box as the target.
Q4. How many tries did you make before you matched the curves this time?
Q5. What does this tell you regarding visuals or imaginary targets in sports?
1. What a curvy-a-throw!
Q9. Based on the activity, is it possible that the ball will end at a higher elevation than its starting
level?
3. Of curves
a. The drawn curved graphs on the paper are parabolic curves. Similarly, trajectories A and B are also
parabolic curves.
Q12. How will you compare or contrast the horizontal and vertical spacing?
Q13. What does the spacing in the set of vertical lines indicate about the vertical displacement and
vertical velocity of the projectile motion?
4. and arrows.
The displacement,d, and velocity,v, are vector quantities.
Projectile motion can be understood by analyzing the horizontal and the vertical components of the
displacement and velocity, which add as vectors.
Projectile motion can be understood by analyzing the horizontal and the vertical components
of the displacement and velocity, which add as vectors.
A. Projectiles Launched Horizontally (Half- projectiles)
A projectile launched horizontally has no initial vertical velocity. Thus, its vertical motion is
identical to that of a dropped object. The downward velocity increases uniformly due to gravity, and
the horizontal velocity is uniform.
For half-projectiles, you can use the following equations to describe the motion of the projectiles.
Where: h= height at which the projectile is released
1
ℎ = 𝑔𝑡2 g= acceleration due to gravity
2
t = is the elapsed time
x0 =the horizontal displacement, and;
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A ball is kicked horizontally off a 20.0-meter high hill and lands a distance of 30.0 meters
from the edge of the hill. Determine the initial horizontal velocity of the ball.
h= 20.0 m
x0 = 30.0 m
Step 3: Use the half projectile motion equations to solve for the unknowns.
Before you can find the initial horizontal velocity (v), you must determine first how long (t) the
ball is in mid-air. For the horizontal distance traveled, ℎ = 1 𝑔𝑡 2 will be used.
2
Given: h= 20.0 m
x0 = 30.0 m
Find: v=?
h=1/2gt
2
Using the time, t=2.02 s, we can now solve the horizontal velocity using the equation,
𝑥𝑜𝑥= 𝑣𝑡
𝑜
Rearranging the equation, we get, v= . Plugin the known values, we have:
𝑡
𝑥𝑜
v=
𝑡
30.0
v=
𝑚 = 14.85 m/s
2.02 𝑠
Step 4: Get the answers.
The horizontal velocity of the ball is 14.85 m/s.
For full projectiles, objects are released at a certain angle from the horizontal. In this case, we can use
the following equations to describe the motion of an object moving in full projectile motion.
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
An athlete kicks a ball with an initial velocity of 25 m/s at an angle of 30o with the horizontal. Calculate
the ball's time of flight, horizontal distance, and maximum height.
Calculate the ball's time of flight, horizontal distance, and maximum height.
Step 2: Identify the given in the problem
v = 25 m/s
θ = 30o
Step 3: Use the half projectile motion equations to solve for the unknowns.
𝑣𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝞱
x=
𝑔
x = (25 m/s)2 sin (2(30))
(9.8 m/s2
x= (25 m/s)2 sin (60)
(9.8 m/s2
x= 55. 23 m
Step 4: Get the answers.
The time of flight is 2.55 s, the maximum height is 7.97 m, and the horizontal range is 55.23 m.
For numbers 1-4, complete the sentence by encircling the best answer.
What I Can Do 5
I. Choose the best answer in each item by writing the letter before the number.
1. At what degree should a water hose be pointed in order for the water to land with the
greatest horizontal range?
a. 0° c. 30°
b. 45° d. 60°
2. Given the same initial velocity, at what another angle
should a ball be hit to reach the same distance if it is being
shot at an angle of 30o and it reaches a distance of 50 m.
a. 15° c. 45° Source: Science---Grade 9 Learner's
b. 60° d. 75° Module
3. When objects are undergoing projectile motion,
what do you call the force acting on them?
a. Air Drag
b. Normal Force
c. Air Resistance
d. Gravitational Force
4. What do you call objects moving in two dimensions?
a. Trajectory
b. Free-body
c. Projectile
d. Parabola
5. What do you call the path taken by an object moving in projectile motion?
a. Gravity b. Projectile c. Trajectory d. Force
6. In a place where gravity doesn't exist, what will happen to a ball thrown upward?
a.It will continuously move upward. c. It will follow a parabolic path.
b.It will fall down. d. It will float.
7. What is the value of acceleration due to gravity equal to?
a. 0 m/s2 b. 9.8 m/s2 c. 9.8 m d. 9.8 m/s
8. What is the acceleration of a sepaktakraw ball that is hit vertically upward by a player
after 1 second?
a. 0 s b. 1 m/s2 c. 9.8 m/s2 d. 9.8m
9. At which part of the path does a projectile have a minimum speed?
a. When it is thrown
b. Half-way to the top
c. At the top of its path
d. When it returns to the ground
10. A projectile is thrown 30º above the horizontal. What happens to its acceleration as it
moves upward?
a. It decreases because its velocity is directed upward
b. It increases because its velocity is directed upward
c. It decreases because its velocity is decreasing
d. It remains the same
II. Solve the following problems
For number 1-3: A football player kicks a football from the ground level with an initial
velocity of 27 m/s, 30 degrees above the horizontal.
2. How many seconds did it take the football to return to the launching height?
For numbers 4-5: A physics book slides off a horizontal tabletop with a speed of 1.10
m/s. It strikes the floor in 0.350 s.
4. What is the height of the table above the floor?
a. 0.25 m b. 0.44 m c. 0.50 m d. 0.60 m
5. What is the horizontal distance from the edge of the table to the point where the book
strikes the floor?
a. 0.30 m b. 0.39 m c. 1.0 m d. 1.5 m
Additional Activities
Electronic Resources:
Mila P. Arao
EPS -Science