REPORT SHEET

A. Extraction

1. Describe the residue obtained after evaporation and submit to

instructor.

The residue was a white crystalline solid.

What substance is this residue?

The residue obtained after the evaporation is benzoic acid.

B. Recrystallization

1. Comparison of the sizes of the crystals

The beaker covered with watch glass produced larger crystals in

contrast to the beaker immersed in ice water which produced smaller
crystals.

2. Weight of pure acetanilide crystals = 0.2 grams

Percentage recovery = 20%

Appendices

D. Computations

Given:

Weight of acetanilide- 1gram

Weight of the empty filter paper= 1.3 grams

Weight of the crystals in result 1 and 2=1.5 grams

Required: Weight of pure acetanilide crystals and percentage recovery

Weight of pure acetanilide crystals

1.5 grams-1.3 grams=0.2 grams

% recovery=

Weight of pure acetanilide crystals x 100

Weight of impure acetanilide

0.2 grams x 100 = 20%

1 gram

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

A. Extraction

When the mixture of benzoic acid (C7H6O2) and sugar

(C12H22O11) was dissolved in water, the benzoic acid remained
poorly soluble while the sugar completely dissolved in water.

The chemical formula of sugar remained but changed its state

into aqueous solution (Equation for Glucose Dissolving in
Water,2018).

C12H22O11(s) + H2O(l) C12H22O11(aq)

Meanwhile, the remaining benzoic acid that was not dissolved

in water was dissolved completely when the chloroform was
added as its solubility is reasonably high in chloroform (Thati,
Nordström, & Rasmuson, 2010).

C7H6O2 (S) CHCl3 C7H6O2 (non-aq)

Since water and chloroform are immiscible solvents i.e. they do

not mix, two layers of solutions will be observed from the
separatory funnel. One solution was containing sugar with water
as a solvent, and the other containing benzoic acid with
chloroform as a solvent.
 When these two solutions were separated, the benzoic acid was
then got from the solution through evaporation. Chloroform
evaporates easily leaving benzoic acid behind during this
process (Chloroform | NIOSH | CDC, 2014). The benzoic acid
then appeared to be a white crystalline solid.

B. RECRYSTALLIZATION

Acetanilide (C8H9NO) has a very low solubility in water at room

temperature, but its solubility increases at very high temperatures.
That is why the substance was dissolved when the mixture was
heated. This process is done to liberate the impurities that were
locked in the lattice of the substance. (Farina, 2020)

The charcoal was added to the heated solution to remove

colored organic impurities as it has a high surface area. (Nichols,
2021)

The solution was filtered and the filtrate was collected in two
separate beakers containing equal amounts of each. On beaker
was covered with a watch glass while the other was placed in an
ice bath.

It was observed that the beaker covered with a watch glass

produced much bigger crystals than the one that was placed in
an ice bath. This is because the size of the crystals depends upon
its cooling rate. If a solution cools quickly (ice bath method), the
crystals will not have much time to form, and a rushed crystal
formation will still trap some impurities within the crystal lattice.
Hence, the crystals will be much smaller. The opposite happens
when one lets a solution cool for a longer period of time. It
produces bigger crystals as it had enough time to grow. (Stein,
1980)