Spatial change in Settlement Pattern of Lucknow City

Urban growth refers to the physical expansion of the cities and towns due to population growth
and migration which is called urbanization. It is a global phenomenon in developing countries like
India, where the population is over one billion, we can say one-sixth of the world’s population.
This type of growth is affected agriculture land and also surrounding habitation. So many cities
formulated development plans. Geographers, planners, scientists require information about to the
population growth rate, pattern and extent of expansion of city. In the lacking of this type of
information, most of the growth areas lacking of basic amenities and infrastructure facilities.
This study represents the sprawling of the Lucknow city has led to the change land use at the urban
fringe and the surrounding rural hinterland since many years ago. The population growth in the
core area of the city finally resulted in out migration of population from city centre at the urban-
rural fringe. The land use and land cover change is a natural process and cannot be stopped but it
can be controlled to minimize the harmful impacts of urban growth on environment and resources.
Physical expansion and pattern of growth can be detected with the help of ancillary and temporal
data. Geographic Information System (GIS) provide the advance techniques and methods to the
study of urban growth for sustainable development.

Study Area
This study has been completed in Lucknow
which the capital of Uttar Pradesh and most
crowded state in the country. It lies between
26045' to 26055' North scope and 80050' to
810 East longitudes in the Northern
Gangetic fields. It is covering a space of
310 sq. km. The city lies at a normal height
of 110 meters above mean ocean level and
for the most part inclines toward the east.
Sidelong slants are towards the River
Gomati, which streams from north-west to
south-east through the core of the city.
The River Gomati courses through the city,
isolating the entire city slantingly into trans-
Gomati and Cis-Gomati locales. A portion of the
feeders of this stream are the Kukrail, Loni and
Beta. The more thickly populated spaces of the
city are on the southern bank of the River
Gomati and a few arranged private provinces
have been created toward the north of the River.
According to the statistics 2011, the number
of inhabitants in Lucknow metropolitan has
2817105. The region has an educated populace
2226403. The Lucknow Municipal Corporation
is separated into 6 zones and has 110 wards as
per 2011 Census.

Objective
The primary target of the examination is to foster
arrangement for metropolitan development
determining and it's arranging. The examination
is focused on exhibit of anticipating complex
endless suburbia in this investigation.
Examination targets in this more extensive
situation are as per the following:
• To examination the development example of the
city of Lucknow and its spread.

• To recommend arranging methodologies for and

Fig.1: Location of the StudyArea incorporated and arranged turn of events.
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 Fig. 1 : Showing the Location Map of Study Area: Lucknow City

Table 1. Demographic Features of Lucknow(UA) –1991-2001

No Details 1991 2001

1 Population
a. Male 892000 1199273
b. Female 776896 1067660
c. Total 1669500 2266800
2 Sex Ratio 871 890
3 Area (Sq. km) 337.50 337.50
4 Density of population 4946 6717

Source: Census of India, 1991 & 2001.

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 Table 2. Population of Lucknow (UA) –1901-2001
No Years Population
1 1901 256239
2 1911 252114
3 1921 240566
4 1931 274659
5 1941 387177
6 1951 496177
7 1961 655673
8 1971 813982
9 1981 1007604
10 1991 1669204
11 2001 2266933
Source: Towns & Urban Agglomerations, Census of India

Figure 2. Population of Lucknow (UA) 1901-2001.

2500000

2000000

1500000

1000000

500000

0
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

EXISTING LAND USE PATTERN

It very well might be gathered from Table 3 and fig.3 that around one portion of the
current land utilized is intended for private reason. This has expanded to approach around two
third in the proposed land use example of Lucknow. The region proposed in the end-all strategy
of Lucknow had expanded from the current 9170.96 hectares to 20988.5 hectares, showing the
development at 128.9 percent of the space. In outright terms it expanded to 11817.54 hectares.
The land proposed for business reason had expanded from 2.43 percent of the all out space of the
current land use to 4.3 percent of the complete proposed region. This is a positive sign similarly
as the economy of Lucknow is concerned.

Despite what might be expected, mechanical portion of the land from the current to a proposed
one has drastically diminished from 6.5 percent to 3.5 percent in the proposed land use design.
Similarly the extent of land utilized for local area offices and administrations has diminished
from 9.83 percent to 5.4 percent in the proposed land use design. While transportation reason the
current just as proposed land use framework in Lucknow was pretty much same. The proposed
land use design attempts to decrease the water bodies in Lucknow. Additionally in the open
space class, the proposed land use design has not referenced any figure and treated as nil,
unmistakably portrays the way that every one of the spaces are completely used.

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Residential Land Uses
The region under existing private use is 8945.00 Hectare (54.98 percent) which is packed in Aliganj,
Indiranagar, Gomatinagar, Hussainganj, Maqboolganj, Nirala Nagar and C.B. Guptanagar wards. The private
houses in the old pieces of the city are blended and spontaneous. These are firmly built houses along the tight
roads and paths being over-clogged. The houses are old, run down and uneventilated unhygienic conditions. The
local locations, along these lines, have a fluctuated character from blocked spaces of Kashmiri Mohalla,
Asharfabad, Chowk, Aminabad, Kaisarbagh, Hussainganj, Bashiratganj and so on to the roomy and recently
arranged states of Mahanagar, Indiranagar, Gomatinagar, etc created in the third and fourth phase of metropolitan
development.

Commerical Land Use

The region under exchange and trade is covered about 360.00 Hectare which is 2.21 percent of the all
out created land. The critical business regions are Chowk, Aminabad and Hazratganj. The most arranged business
center was made along the Hazratganj street during the British time frame as an elegant and open shopping
complex. In any case, Chowk-Hazratganj, Aminabad region is considered as Central Commercial Area (CCA) of
Lucknow city. Other business regions are Nazirabad, Quiserbagh, Maulviganj, dar, Nishatganj, Alambagh,
Daliganj, Shriram street, Faizabad street and so on The recently evolved shopping complexs are currently arisen
in the different arranged settlements, for example, Kapurthala market, Nishatganj market, Janpath market,
Lekhraj market just as business sectors along Gautam Buddha Marg, Ganga Prasad Verma street, Nandan Mahal
street and so on

Industrial Land Use

Industries involve tiny space of land as it is just 6.08 percent of the absolute created metropolitan region.
The region is basically lying in Aishbagh, Nishatganj, Daliganj, Hindnagar and Yahiaganj. The light modern
space of Aishbagh has the exactness instrument production line, cycle parts plants, farming carries out, general
designing industrial facilities, electrical, equipment, synthetic compounds, drug, and so forth Other than these
Lucknow is for the most part known for its limited scale and handiworks/house enterprises exceptionally for
extravagance and magnificence articles like-gold and silver brocades, chicken and weaving works and Indian
perfumery as specialities. These little cabin ventures are gathered in the muslim overwhelmed ward like Chowk,
Aminabad, Bashiratganj, and so forth

Fig. 3 :Land use Pattern of Lucknow City

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Land Under Public Uses
The general population and semi-public uses are involved training, organization, entertainment,
wellbeing, transport, correspondence, water supply, and other public employments. Land under these is
1410.00Hectare which is 8.67 percent of the absolute space of the city. The most noticeable organizations of
advanced education are Lucknow University, Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj Medical Colleges, Engineering
Colleges, Isabels Thornburn College, Colvin College, and Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical
Sciences. Other than these, there are various examination organizations of focal just as state Government
identified with the areas of science and innovation, medications, farming sugarcane, seeds and cultivation. The
pre-optional and auxiliary schools asr likewise broadly dispersed all around the city. Wellbeing offices are
additionally very much evolved being capital city of the state. The city has significant clinics like Civil Hospital
(Hazratganj), Balrampur Hospital and Duffern Hospital on the Hopital street, Gandhi Memorial Hospital on Shah
Mina street, Vivekanand Hospital, Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj Medical Colleges and Sanjay Gandhi Post
Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences. Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences. Other than
these there are more than hundered little centers and dispensaries possessed by one or the other government or
private clinical professionals.

Defence Land Use

The current metropolitan land under protection use involves as Cantonment region in the city. This land
is differentiated since the British time. This region is completely restricted for public and, henceforth the land isn't
accessible to all.

Other Urban Land Uses

The other metropolitan land utilizes involve about 14.33 percent, i.e., 2330 Hectare which incorporates
as open land (12.42 percent) and water bodies (3.91 percent). These empty terrains are lying in the center and
external zones of the city (which might be utilized in future). A huge land is additionally utilized in farming
practices.

Table 3. Existing Land Use Pattern (inHectare)

Sl. 1987 2004-2005
No. Land use Area % Area % Growth
1 Residential 4485.98 48.91 8945.00 54.98 99.40
2 Commercial 223.77 2.43 360.00 2.21 60.88
3 Industrial 596.22 6.50 990.00 6.08 66.05
4 Offices 474.69 5.20 560.00 3.44 17.97
5 Public Services 902.02 9.83 1410.00 8.67 56.32
6 Parks & Playground 346.48 3.78 435.00 2.67 25.55
7 Traffic 952.00 10.38 1240.00 7.62 30.25
8 River/Water Bodies 193.66 2.11 310.00 1.91 60.07
9 Open land 996.14 10.86 2020.00 12.42 102.78
Total 9170.96 100.00 20988.50 100.00 77.43

Source: Lucknow Master Plan, 2021

CONCLUSION
As displayed in Table 4, the pace of populace change is high albeit more modest than the expansion in
metropolitan land. The investigation uncovers that the increment in metropolitan region was recorded twice in year
1991 and about threefold in 2001 since 1971. The pace of land utilization for metropolitan reasons for existing was
generously moderate till 1980's yet in year 1990's it saw a sharp increment that is 81.83 percent in land utilization
when contrasted with populace development. As it is normal the situation, the absence of metropolitan arranging
constrained foreigner to get comfortable the fringe of the city where land and convenience costs were a lot of lower
than in the downtown area. The monetary factor or the differential land leases consequently shows up as a
significant driver of endless suburbia in Lucknow city.

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Table 4: Increase in Population and Growth of Areas

Year Population Population Municipal Population Area Increase in

Lucknow Increase in Corporatio Increase in Area
Agglomeratio (%) n (%)
n
1971 813982 - 774644 - 80.00 -
1981 1007604 80.78 947990 81.71 130.11 61.4864
1991 1669204 60.36 1619115 58.55 159.00 81.8301
2001 2245509 74.34 2185927 74.07 212.24 74.9152
2011 2880108 77.97 2817105 77.59 304.00 69.8158

Table 5: Land Development Density

Year Urban Population Area (Sq. Km) Density

1971 813982 80.00 10175
1981 1007604 130.11 7744
1991 1669204 159.00 10498
2001 2245509 212.24 10580
2011 2880108 304.00 9474
Lucknow is developing at uncommon rates, making broad metropolitan scenes. Lucknow has changed
from little, detached populace community in mid 1990's to an enormous interconnected metropolitan complex
today having assorted monetary, physical and ecological elements.

Table 6: Sprawl of Lucknow City (1901-2021)

Year Area in Sq.km. Annual Growth Rate in %

1901 44.03 -
1961 79.16 1.32
1974 80.00 0.08
1986 132.75 5.49
1988 143.32 3.98
1992 159.26 2.78
1997 196.50 4.67
2001 212.24 2.00
2005 243.80 3.72
2011 304.00 4.12
*2021 414.34 3.62

Source: Compiled from various historical maps, SOI Toposheets and Census

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 Fig. 4: Sprawl of Lucknow City (1901-2011)
350
303.63
UrbanSprawl
300

250
212.24
Area (inSq.Km.)

196.5
200
159.26
143.32
150

100 80
44.03
50

0
1901 1973 1988 1992 1997 2001 2011
Year

By looking at Survey of India Topographical guides distributed in 1976 with the new Survey of India
Modified Open Series Map distributed in 2011, it has been tracked down that the spatial degree of never-ending
suburbia isn't straight or nodal in character, it appears to spread outspread toward all path and is similarly on
both side of River Gomati and impact of transport foundation is negligible. The province and private settlement
region is isolated into two zones, that is Cis-Gomati and Trans-Gomati.

The extension in the north and the north-eastern bits of the city occurred after the development of
Dams on both side of the disposing of the conceivable outcomes of flood. The business and local locations on
Cis-Gomati side are Hazratganj, Alambagh, RDSO settlement, Charbagh, Aishbagh, Kaiserbagh, Aminabad,
Hussianganj, Model Houses, Lal Bagh, Golaganj, Wazirganj, Rajendra Nagar, Malviya Nagar, Sarojini Nagar,
Rajajipuram, Haiderganj, Thakurganj, Chowk and Sadatganj. The private settlements in the trans-Gomati
regions are Nirala Nagar, Aliganj, Daliganj, Old and New Hyderabad, Nishatganj, Indira Nagar, Manas Enclave
close to Kukrail, Gomati Nagar, Gomati Nagar, Gomati Nagar Extension, Nilmatha Cantt, Viksa Nagar,
Khurram Nagar and Jankipuram.

Today developed region has reached to Kathuta Jhil in the wake of intersection Chinhat region,
recently built Sports College along the Kursi street and a few other instructive establishments are likewise
creating towards North in bearing that is Aliganj, Vikas Nagar, Jankipuram and Janakipuram Extension driving
never-ending suburbia towards North. The development of Lucknow is likewise developing towards south-west
that is Rajajipuram, Krishna Nagar, Indralok and the space of Shivnagar and so forth The developed space of
Lucknow is presently drawing nearer towards Amausi Airport along the Lucknow-Kanpur Highways, towards
south-east of Lucknow-Raebareily street, and Lucknow Hardoi street.

Because of uncontrolled spread of city loss of agrarian land has changed the part of Lucknow city. The
awful alum land, developed without benefits, has transformed into created local locations, has fulfilled lodging
interest for populace blast. Notwithstanding, this made to look with issue of biological unbalance and
conventional farming exchange towns. For example, floricultural towns crop vanished and another brightening
plants exchange exist as token of this expansion. In Low laying land development of wet rice assortments has
supplanted to offset it with seepage. However, development and concretization measure made stream hoping to
limit sewerages, or the height raise of new metropolitan regions caused stream into lower old metropolitan
regions and moment immersion in the downtown area. Other than these, practically all ranchers who are the
proprietor of the land are currently confronting hopeless vocation conditions. Timberland, scours and held
woodland region are additionally declining by substitution of asphalt, developed regions.

Woods situated in Kursi Road, Kukrail Reserved region, close to CIMAP, Sitapur street, Kanpur streets
and so on are jeopardizing to spread. The deforestation for development of four path Highways has additionally
irritated the issue in genuine condition since assortments of birds which were seen before are currently
undetectable in city and surprisingly oceanic biological system of stream Gomati is likewise in imperiled.

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GrowthPattern
The city has been sprawling at a very rapid
rate engulfing villages of surrounding areas
and densification near the river beds in the
city.

□ Municipal Boundary till 1987(80.48

sq. km.)
□ Growth Mainly towards Sitapur,
Faizabad and Kanpur Road

Fig.5: Growth from 18th century tilldate

Source: Master plan 2001, 2021

□ Revised Planning Area Boundary in

2001
□ The growth direction shows ribbon
development along major NH’s and
SH’s
□ Sprawl is visibly evident on Sitapur,
Faizabad and SultanpurRoad.
Fig.4: Growth from 18th Century till 1991 Fig.4 & Fig.5 shows the development/
Source: Master plan 2001,2021 growth pattern of the city from 18th century
till 2017. The growth pattern of the city in
□ Planning area boundary taken as 8 km. terms of percentage and area is described
radius outside municipal boundary 413 in Table 1.
sq. km. Average growth rate of the built up area
is 35%. Significance of growth direction
□ 63 sq. km. of sprawl in 1991. decides the pace of sprawl.
□ Sprawl covers 18.9% of the total area
between planning and municipal
boundary (333 sq. km.)
□ Also it is 15.2 % of the total planning
area (414 sq.km.).
The maximum growth in developed
land is evident in 1981-91. There has been
a constant rise in the growth percentage
but declined after 1991 considerably. The
growth pattern remained organic till 1981-
91 and suddenly after 1991 the pattern
drifts into a ribbon development enjoying
benefits of transit oriented development
and accessibility. Fig.6: Growth Pattern of the Development since 1961
 Growth Pattern of the City
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021*
Area (sq. km.) 80.48 110 146 230.26 290.5 359 414.34
Rate of Growth 60% 36.60% 57% 56% 26% 24% 230%

□ Planning area engulf 153 villages

□ 110 sq. km. of sprawl in2013
□ Sprawl covers 36.9% of the
total area between planning and
municipal boundary (298 sq.
km.)
□ Also it is 18.1 % of the total planning
area (608 sq. km.)

Fig.8: Land Division in PlanningArea

Source: Master Plan2021

Table 5: Land put to Non-agricultural use

in fringe of Lucknow – 2010
Categories ofLand Area
Transformation (Km. %
Sq.)
Agriculture to built up land 76.37 62.98
Plantation to built up land 1.69 1.4
Wetlands to built up area 1.45 1.19
Wasteland to built up area 1.17 0.96
Rural to built up area 2.93 2.42
Forest area to built up area 0.39 0.32
Water body to built up area 0.74 0.61
Fig.7: Existing Growth beyond Service
Boundary (Existing Fringe Development) Land under transformation 36.52 30.12

Source: Master Plan 2001, 2021 Total 121.26 100

Source:Study on Urban Sprawl and Water Stress,
Dutta et al, 2010

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 Inference

ASPECT INFERENCES ISSUES

Was organic till 1991 and then became ribbon

Growth 1.Ribbondevelopment
development pattern (TOD), increasing
Pattern increases the load
infrastructure load on the major transport corridor.
and cost of service/
Sprawl and related developments are engulfing a total infrastructureprovision.
Rateof
of 78 villages leading to acquisition of land for private 2.Transport sector
Sprawl
colonization and developments. lacking considerably to
A lot of area nearly 110 sq. km built area is outside afford the demand.
Change in 3.Free market forces
Municipal limit. hence giving way to jurisdictional
Boundaries leading to land value
and service problems, unauthorized constructions
etc. speculation.
The eastern side of the city within planning area is 4.Scattered
mango belt hence restricting construction possibility. development due to
Topography River Gomti acted as a barrier till cross links were lack of monitoring.
made.
Congested roads, high V/C ratios, inadequate road
widths and low travel speed are characteristic of the
Transport city. Average trip length is increasing from 6 km to 9
km.

REFERENCES
[1] J.K. Brueckner, Urban Sprawl: lessons from Urban Economies, (In: Gale, W.G., Pack, J.R. (Eds.), Brooking-Wharton Papers
on urban Affairs 2001), (Brookings Institution Press, Washington DC, 2001).
[2] Census of India, Uttar Pradesh, General Population Table, 1971, p. 199.
[3] City Development Plan Lucknow, (Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, Feedback Ventures Pvt. Ltd. 2006)
[4] R. Ewing, Is Los Angeles-Style Sprawl Desirable? Journal of American Association 63, 1997, 107-127.

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