Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

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Materials Today: Proceedings

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr

Internet of things enabled plug in electrical vehicle based self maximum

demand controller for shopping mall
S. Divyapriya, G. Emayavaramban, A. Amudha, M. Siva Ramkumar, P. Nagaveni, V.M. Mansoor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: Every shopping malls are bulk consumers, they are spending huge amount for their electricity bills in
Received 10 August 2020 every month. Maximum demand also make a major part of electricity bills. The classic maximum demand
Accepted 18 August 2020 controller will operate based on demand value and results on/off the non-critical loads. The non-critical
Available online xxxx
loads are connected in single channel. In shopping malls parking area maximum plug in electrical vehi-
cles are act as a major loads. The proposed Internet of Things based Maximum demand controller will
Keywords: operate the each plug in electrical vehicle sockets based on the State of charge. Proposed system results
Maximum Demand
avoid unnecessary shut off of non critical loads like Air conditioner system. The exclusive microcontroller
Internet of Things
Electrical Vehicles
do all the functions.
Microcontroller Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer-
ence on Newer Trends and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering: Materials Science.

1. Introduction 2. Proposed system

Due to pollution free, environmental development, Low running
cost peoples shows interest on changeover from internal combus-
tion engine to Plug in Electric vehicles. Even though plug in electric
vehicle has consume more time to charge their battery stack, pub-
lic planning accordingly. In shopping malls publics spends mini-
mum 3 hrs to 5 hrs in a single day. In that time period of rest
time all electric vehicles are charging their duties. So all shopping
mall car parking areas are powered Electric vehicle charger points
shown in Fig. 1.
Even though this may help peoples to utilize their times for
charging, it leads additional electrical loads to each shopping malls.
In order to overcome that additional loads shopping malls need to
take proper action on meet demand. One way shopping malls need
to increase their maximum demand need or else need to add addi-
tional generator or renewable energy power generation. Both will
leads to invest high cost. So our proposed system will give some
solutions to avoid investment [1–6].
E-mail addresses: divyapriya.s@kahedu.edu.in (S. Divyapriya), emayavaramban.
g@kahedu.edu.in (G. Emayavaramban), amudha.a@kahedu.edu.in (A. Amudha),
siva.m@kahedu.edu.in (M. Siva Ramkumar), nagaveni.p@kahedu.edu.in (P. Nagave-
ni), mansoor.vm@kahedu.edu.in (V.M. Mansoor)
In this proposed idea developing smart electric vehicle charger
for shopping malls, all chargers are powered internet of things
technology. In distribution transformer secondary side, power
measurement unit is connected to measure the power rating in
each second and stored in cloud.
In Fig. 2 shows that the sample charging points in one parking
slot. In this diagram shows there are 12 vehicle slots are there,
10 vehicles are connected in charging point and 2 points are wait-
ing for another vehicles. E1, E3, E7, E7 vehicles are charged 90 per-
cent and remaining SOC for charging is 10. E2, E4, E8, E10 vehicles
are charged 70 percent and remaining SOC for charging is 30. E6
and E12 vehicles are fully charged [7–15].
The Table 1 shows the connected vehicles details with battery
capacity, each model vehicle has different ratings of battery, but
the charging voltage will be same 240 V DC level 23 charger.
Because based on the vehicle battery ratings and availability of
power in battery the time will be varies for full charge condition
[16–21].
Fig. 3 shows that the outline of level 2 EV smart IoT charger, it
has a option of card reader for customer option, WiFi technology,
manual switch. The customers need to plug the socket in their
vehicle charging port and then switch On [22–30].

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.499
2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Newer Trends and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering:
Materials Science.

Please cite this article as: S. Divyapriya, G. Emayavaramban, A. Amudha et al., Internet of things enabled plug in electrical vehicle based self maximum
demand controller for shopping mall, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.499
S. Divyapriya et al. Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

Table 1
Connected Vehicles Details.

Vehicle Number Model Battery Capacity Charger Voltage

1 BMW i3 (2019) 42kWh 240 V
2 GM Spark 21kWh 240 V
3 Fiat 500e 24kWh 240 V
4 Honda Fit 20kWh 240 V
5 Nissan Leaf 30kWh 240 V
6 Mitsubishi MiEV 16kWh 240 V
7 Ford Focus 23kWh 240 V
8 Smart ED 16.5kWh 240 V
9 Mercedes B 28kWh 240 V
10 Tesla S 60 60kWh 240 V
11 Tesla S 85 90kWh 240 V
12 Tesla 3 75kw 240 V
13 Nissan Leaf 30kWh 240 V
Fig. 1. EV charger in Parking Areas. 14 Mitsubishi MiEV 16kWh 240 V
15 Ford Focus 23kWh 240 V
16 BMW i3 (2019) 42kWh 240 V
In the Fig. 4 shows that entire charging points connected 17 GM Spark 21kWh 240 V
18 Fiat 500e 24kWh 240 V
vehicles, for calculation purpose taking 12 Electrical vehicles. The
parking area power demand Ppark calculated based on he following
equation.

X
n
Ppark ¼ PEVi ð1Þ
i¼1

PEVi defined as the number of vehicle battery power based on

their capacity. The Shopping mall power will be calculated by

Ptotal ¼ Ppark þ PCrit þ PNoncrit þ Preserv e ð2Þ

Where
Ptotal = Total shopping Mall power
Ppark = Parking Area power
PCrit = Critical Load Power
PNoncrit = Non Critical load power
Preserv e = Reserve power
Total shopping mall power should not exceed the Maximum
demand rating [31–35].
In Fig. 5 shows that the pictorial representation of proposed sys-
tem. The virtual cloud is fully secured and spacious. In entire park-
ing area EVs smart chargers are connected and communicated via
WiFi technology or else LAN (CAT6) communication. All the data
are monitored and stored in cloud area. And also exclusive distri-
bution transformer secondary side power sensed and communi-
cated to the cloud also. The separate IoT powered
microcontroller with Industry accuracy sensor arrangement will
do the work. The maximum demand value is fixed in the IOT tech-
nology. If the load reaches the maximum demand ratings the data’s
send to the cloud and we have exclusive fast and accurate algo- Fig. 3. IOT based EV charger.

Fig. 2. EV charging point in one bay.

2
S. Divyapriya et al. Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

Fig. 4. Charging Vehicle arrangements with SOC details.

Fig. 5. Pictorial Representation on proposed system.

rithm for selection of EV charger to turn off. The vehicle charger
selected for the priority based on some criteria like the State of
Charge (SOC), Vehicle battery Rating, Customer emergency request.
Smart charger will go to turn off and match the equation, and again
flow process will start until decrease maximum demand value
[36–49].
3. Conclusion
In this proposed idea will reduce the work of Maximum
demand controller for frequent on/off of non-critical loads, and
also eliminate the sudden surges due to bulk load disconnection
and connection. In this system successfully charge all the electric
vehicles without and over loading of distribution system of shop-
ping malls. In this system public and shopping mall owner both
will get benefitted. All the vehicles will charge successfully, non-
critical loads also runs continuously. User can able to view and
control all the aspects from anywhere in the world. The IoT tech-
nology will help record all the data for tracking and load forecast-
ing purposes.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-
cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
to influence the work reported in this paper.

3
S. Divyapriya et al.
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