Design of pile foundation for test bed

7.
Design of pile
DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION FOR TEST BED UNDER CLAYEY SOIL - DIAGONAL BED
CORNER PILE - FY & MOMENT CRITICAL
Input parametres for foundation design

Unit weight of soil below GL " g " kN/m3 = 16 P1
Angle of repose " f " Deg = 0
Allowable Gross safe bearing capacity " SBC " kN/m 2
= 200
Ultimate Bearing capacity (200 x 2.0 ) kN/m 2
= 400
Depth of pilecap Below GL " H " m = 0.700
Plinth height above GL " PL " m = 0
Unit weight of concrete " Dc " kN/m 3
= 25
Charecterestic strength of concrete " fck " N/mm 2
= 30
Charecterestic strength of steel " fy " N/mm2 = 500
Clear cover to pedestal reinforcement mm = 50
Clear cover to pad reinforcement mm = 50
Over load factor No = 1.0
Assumed Dimensions of foundation
Type of Pile = Bored Cast insitu

Diameter of Pile m = 0.750
Length of Pile m = 30.000
No of Pile Nos = 1.000
Pile Cap Width " A1 " m = 4.750
Pile Cap Width " B1 " m = 4.750
Thickness of Pile Cap " D " m = 0.700
Width of pedestal " A " m = 0.000
Depth of pedestal " B " m = 0.000
Height of pedestal below from GL " h = ( H - D ) " m = 0.000
Center to center distance of pedestal at PL " A3 " m = 2.700
Center to center distance of pedestal at PL " B3 " m = 2.700
Footing slope ( d ) = 0.000
Center to center distance of piles " A2 " m = 2.700
Center to center distance of piles " B2 " m = 2.700
Maximum Foundation load details at plinth level ( as per Support Reactions )
Max. Ultimate Compression per leg " C " kN = 1134

Max.Ultimate Tension per Leg " T " kN = 755
Ultimate Side thrust (Transverse face ) " St " kN = 5
Ultimate Side thrust (Longitudinal face ) " Sl " kN = 274
Mx moment under comp kN.m = 71
Mz moment under comp kN.m = 10
Tower slopes
Tan d = 0.1923450 0.65
4.750
1.025 1.03
2.7
0.000 SQ
0.000
0.200
30.900 0.700
4.750
30.000
0.750
FOUNDATION DETAILS
Maximum Factored Foundation load details at plinth level
comp Tension
Ultimate Side thrust (Transverse face ) " St " kN = 5 4
Ultimate Side thrust (Longitudinal face ) " Sl " kN = 274 226
Mx moment Under comp kN.m = 71 40
Mz moment under comp kN.m = 10 28
DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION

CHECK FOR UPLIFT
Volume of concrete ( cum) / Leg
Pile volume = (3.142 x (0.75 x 0.75 ) / 4 x 30 x 1) = 13.256
Pile cap volume = (4.75 x 4.75 x 0.7 ) = 0
Pedestal volume below GL = (0 x 0 x 0.2 ) = 0
Pedestal volume above GL = (0 x 0 x 0 ) = 0
Total Volume = 13.256
Weight of concrete ( kN ) = (13.256 x 25) = 332
Weight of soil over the cap = (4.75 x 2.8x2.17) -(1.75x 2.17x2.8 )x 16) = 291
LOADS ON PILE TOP / TOWER LEG
UNDER COMPRESSION
For Max Ulti Compression Load-- in kN (1134 + 332 +-291.37) = 1757 ( Vc)
Moment due to Ultimate Tranverse Shear --- in kNm 71 = 71 (Mxx)
Moment due to Ultimate Longitudinal Shear --- in kNm 10 = 10 (Myy)
UNDER TENSION
For Max Ultimate Tensile Load-------- in kN (755 - 332 -291.37) = 132 (V t)

Moment due to Ultimate Tranverse Shear --- in kgm 40 = 40 (Mxx)
Moment due to Ultimate Longitudinal Shear --- in kgm 28 = 28 (Myy)
Maximum Ultimate Compressive Load / pile ---kN

(1757.37/1 +71x 0^2/1.823 +10x 0^2/ 1.823) = 1758 kN
Maximum Ultimate Tensile Load / pile ---kN
(131.63/1+71x 0^2/1.823 +10x 0^2 / 1.823) = 132 kN
LATERAL LOAD CAPACITY OF PILE
Modulus of Elasicity--N/ sqmm ( E )

fck = 30 N/sqmm 5000 ( fck) N/sq.mm = 27386.13
kN/sq.m = 27386130
Moment of Inertia- mm4 " I" = p x D 4 / 64
= 3.142 x 0.75 ^4 / 64 = 0.0156 m4

= 15531555477 mm4
Depth of Fixity
To refer IS 2911 (part-1/sec-2):2010
Relative Stiffness Factor 5 EI / KB As per IS 2911 - PART I/ SEC 2 -2010
Where ,
.: From clause c - 2.2,
K = Lateral soil resistance for pre loaded clays
From Table 4 of Annexure C (Clause 6.5.2) oflS. 2911 (Part 1 Sec 2):2010,
For Soft Clay K1 = 13500 kN/cu.m
K = (k1/1.5)x(0.3/B) = 3600.00 kN/cu.m
Pile is considered to be fixed head and considering Grade of Concrete to be M30

Soil and Pile Data
EI for 0.75m Ø 4.27E+05 kN/sq.m
R = 2.75 m
Depth of fixity
From Fig. 4 of IS: 2911 (Part I I Sec 2):2010, for fixed Head Piles in clay,
L1 /R = 0
The pile is Fixed Head pile
Lf /R = 2.2
Lf = Depth of Fixity Lf = (2.2x 2.754) = 6.06 m
L1+ Lf = (0+ 6.0588) = 6.06 m
DEFLECTION
From clause C - 4.2 oflS2911 (Part 11Sec 2): 2010
Deflection ( d) ) = Q ( L 1 + Lf ) ^3 / 12 EI
Q = Safe Horizontal Load on pile due to Transverse & Longitudinal Shear

For Transmission Towers Allowable Horizontal Deflection ( y) is 12 mm or 1.2 cm
( d) ) = (274)/1 x 6.06 ^3 / 12 x 27386.13 x 15531555477.3422)
= 9.19 mm < 12 mm Hence safe
Lateral Load Capacity of the pile------------in kN

12 = (Q X 6060 ^3 / 12 x 27386.13 x 15531555477.3422)
= 276 > 274 Hence safe
DETERMINATION OF PILE CAPACITY
End Bearing Resistance
Ap = Cross -sectional area of pile to = p xD2 / 4

= 3.142 x0.75 x 0.75 /4 = 0.442 sq.m
Bearing capacity Factor = 20
Average cohesion at pile Tip = 189 kN / sq.m
Qe = Ap x Nc x Cp------ Kn = 0.442 x 20 x 189 = 1670.76 kN
End Bearing Resistance of the pile = 1670.76 kN
SKIN FRICTION RESISTANCE UNDER SILTY CLAY
First Layer ( 0 to 9.15 ) m depth

Average Cohesion value Through out Length of pile " C " = 20.6 kN/sq.m
Thickness of Layer = 9.150 m
Skin Friction Resistance in Silty clay = a C As
Where ,
Reduction Factor a = 1
Ap = Surface Area of the Pile Shaft = pD L = (3.142x0.75 x 9.15)
= 21.57 sq.m
Skin Friction Resistance in Silty clay = a C As = 1x20.6 x 21.57
= 444.35 kN
Second Layer (9.15 to 24.45 ) m depth
Where ,
Reduction Factor a = 0.56
Ap = Surface Area of the Pile Shaft = pDL = (3.142x0.75 x 15.3)
= 36.06 sq.m
Skin Friction Resistance in Silty clay = a C As = 0.56x36.06 x 78.14
= 1577.93 kN
Third Layer ( 24.45 to 26.45 ) m depth
Average Cohesion value Through out Length of pile " C " = 125 kN/sq.m
Where ,
Ap = Surface Area of the Pile Shaft = pDL = (3.142x0.75 x 2)
= 4.72 sq.m
Skin Friction Resistance in Silty clay = a C As = 0.35x125 x 4.72
= 206.5 kN
ADEQUACY OF PILE CAPACITY
Ultimate Compression Capacity of Pile -------in ( kN )
= 1670.76+444.35 + 1577.93 + 206.5/1.5 = 2599.693 kN

> 1758 kN
Ultimate Tensile Capacity of Pile ----------in ( kn )

= 2/3x(444.35 + 1577.93 + 206.5/1.5) = 990.5689 kN
> 132 kN
HENCE , 1 NOS 750 MM X 30000 MM LONG PILE FOUND SAFE / LEG
PILE STRUCTURAL DESIGN ( Loads per pile ) kN /kN.m
Max Ultimate Compression Load-- in kN ( pu) = 1758 1758
Max Ultimate Tensile Load------kN (755 - 332 -291.37) = 132 132
Ulti Moment due to Tranverse Shear at top(kN.m) = 71 71

50 %of moment at Bottom due to fixity = 35.5 36
Moment due to Ulti Long Shear --knm = 10 10
50 %of moment at Bottom due to fixity at base = 5 5
Length of Pile ( L ) m = 30.000

Considered 2/3 Length of pile as a unsupported Length--m = 20.1
Effective Length of pile in m ( Lex & Ley ) -- 0.8 L
due to fixity m = 16.080
Lex / D or Ley/ b = 16.08 /0.75 = 22 > 12
Hence safe
Slenderness Ratio Exceed More than 12 , Therefore the pile Slender about both axis
& Additional moment to be considered due to Slender in the pile design
Max or may = Pu D /2000 x ( Le / D)^2
Where , Pu = Axial Load on the Member

Lex or Ley = Effective Length to be Taken from table 28 of IS 456 - 2000
D - Diameter of the pile
Ms = Moment due to Slender column
Eccentricity Lex / D or Ley /b = 0.25
Additional Moment Max or May -- kN.m = Pu x (eax or eay )
= (1758 x 0.25 x 0.75) = 329.7

Above moments will have to be Reduced in accordance with Clause 38.7.1.1 of IS 456
Percentage of Reinforcement( pt) = 0.6 = 1.11
Ast = 3.142 x 32 ^2 / 4x 12 = 9652.23 sq.mm
Ag = 3.142 x 750 ^2 / 4 = 441843.75 sq.mm
Pt = 9652.23x100 / 441843.75 = 2.19
From Chart 63 Puz /Ag = 30 N/ sqmm (or ) 13255.4 kN
Puz = 30 x 441843.75 = 13255313
Calculation of Pb
Assuming 32 mm dia RTS rods 12 Nos With cover in mm = 50
d1 / D about xx or yy axis 66 / 750 = 0.09
Refer Table 60 of design aid Is 456
where k1 0.16 & k2 = 0.443
Pbx about xx axis in kN = (k1 +k2 p/fck ) fck b D = 2700
= (0.16 + 0.443 x 0)x 30x750 ^2/1000)
Pby about yy axis in kN = (k1 +k2 p/fck ) fck b D = 2700

= (0.16 + 0.443 x 0)x 30x750 ^2/1000)
Kx = (Puz - Pu) / (Puz - Pbx) = (13255.4 - 1758) / (13255.4 - 2700) = 1.09
Ky = (Puz - Pu) / (Puz - Pby) = (13255.4 - 1758) / (13255.4 - 2700) = 1.09
Additional Moment calculated above should be Multiplied by the Kx , Ky factor
Max or May = (329.7 x 1.09) = 359.4
Additional Moments due to slenderness effects should be added to the intial moments
after Modifying the intial moments as per clause 38-7-1 of IS 456- Latest Code
Mux = (0.6 x71 - 0.4 x35.5) = 28.4 kN.m
Muy = (0.6 x10 - 0.4 x5) = 4 kN.m
Above actual moments should be compared with Minimum excentricity Moments

as per the Clause 24.4 - IS 456 & greater moment value is considered as the
intial moment for adding the additional moments
ex = L /500 + D /30 = (20100/500 + 750/30) = 65.2 mm
ex = L /500 + b /30 = (20100/500 + 750/30) = 65.2 mm
Both ex or ey are greater than 2.0cm or 20 mm
Mux = (1758 x 65.2/1000) = 114.63 kN.m
Muy = (1758 x 65.2/1000) = 114.63 kN.m
Total Moments for which the column designed
Mux = 359.4 + 114.63 = 474.03
Muy = 359.4 + 114.63 = 474.03
Column is checked for Biaxial Bending Refer design aid IS 456 & AK Jain Text Book
Pu / fck D^2 = 1758 x 1000/ 30 x 750^2 = 0.11
p/ fck = 2.19 / 30 = 0.073 Refering chart 88
Mu / fckD ^3 = 0.08
Mux1 = Muy1 = 0.08 x 30 x 750^3/10^6 = 1012.5 kN.m
pu/ puz = 1758 / 13255.4 = 0.14
For Pu/puz = Less than 0.2 " > " a n " = 1.0
" a n " is the constant depends on " pu / puz "
For " pu/puz " = 0.2 to 0.8 " a n " Varies linearly from 1.00 to 2.00
For " =pu/puz " = Greater than 0.8 " a n " = 2.00 1
Hence " a n " = 1
Check for intraction as per IS 456
(474.03 / 1012.5 ^1+ 474.03 / 1012.5^1 ) = 0.937 < 1
Hence safe
Check for Tension with Bending
Max.Factored Tension per pile " N " = 132 kN 132000 N
Bending Moment " M " sqrt(474.03^2+474.03^2 = 671 kN.m
Pu/fckD ^2 (132000/30 x 750 ^2) = 0.01
M = Mu / fck D^3 (671x10 ^6/30 x 750 ^3) = 0.054
d1/D 66 / 750 = 0.09
From A.K jain Reinforced concrete structures
p/fck = 0.073
percentage of steel "p" = (0.073x30 ) = 2.19
Area of steel provided in percentage < 2.19 Hence safe
check for interation Formula from Fig 17.30 design curves for Circular section ( AK Jain Text Book)
Pu/fckD ^2 132000 / 30 x 750 x 750 = 0.008
p/ fck = 2.19 / 30 = 0.073
Mux = Muy / fck D^3 = 0.1
Mux = Muy 0.1x 30 x 750 x 750^2 / = 1265.7 kN.m
Check for interaction as per IS 456
" ( Mx / Mux )^ 1 + ( My / Muy )^ 1 " < 1.0 = 0.749 < 1
= ` Hence safe
DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION FOR TEST BED UNDER CLAYEY SOIL - PLATFORM PILE-
FY & MOMENT CRITICAL

= 200
= 400
= 25
= 30


Tower slopes
Tan d = 0.1923450 0.725
4.750
1.025 1.03
2.7
0.000 SQ
0.000
0.200
30.900 0.700
4.750
30.000
0.600
FOUNDATION DETAILS
comp Tension

CHECK FOR UPLIFT
Pile volume = (3.142 x (0.6 x 0.6 ) / 4 x 30 x 1) = 8.484
UNDER COMPRESSION
UNDER TENSION


(1480.37/1 +3x 0^2/1.823 +3x 0^2/ 1.823) = 1481 kN

(-504.37/1+3x 0^2/1.823 +3x 0^2 / 1.823) = -505 kN

kN/sq.m = 27386130
= 3.142 x 0.6 ^4 / 64 = 0.0064 m4

= 6361725124 mm4
Depth of Fixity
Where ,
K = (k1/1.5)x(0.3/B) = 3566.666667 kN/cu.m

Soil and Pile Data
R = 2.414 m
Depth of fixity
L1 /R = 0
Lf /R = 2.2
L1+ Lf = (0+ 5.3108) = 5.31 m
DEFLECTION

( d) ) = (13)/1 x 5.31 ^3 / 12 x 27386.13 x 6361725123.5194)

12 = (Q X 5310 ^3 / 12 x 27386.13 x 6361725123.5194)

= 3.142 x0.6 x 0.6 /4 = 0.283 sq.m

Where ,
= 17.25 sq.m
= 355.35 kN

Where ,
= 28.85 sq.m
= 1262.43 kN
Where ,
= 3.78 sq.m
= 165.38 kN
= 1069.74+355.35 + 1262.43 + 165.38/1.5 = 1901.933 kN

> 1481 kN

= 2/3x(355.35 + 1262.43 + 165.38/1.5) = 792.5156 kN
> -505 kN


50 %of moment at Bottom due to fixity at base = 1.5 2

Lex / D or Ley/ b = 16.08 /0.6 = 27 > 12
Hence safe
Slenderness Ratio Exced More than 12 , Therefore the pile Slender about both axis

Excentricity Lex / D or Ley /b = 0.37
= (1481 x 0.37 x 0.6) = 328.8

Ast = 3.142 x 32 ^2 / 4x 13 = 10456.58 sq.mm
Ag = 3.142 x 600 ^2 / 4 = 282780 sq.mm
Pt = 10456.58x100 / 282780 = 3.7
Puz = 30 x 282780 = 8483400
Calculation of Pb
where k1 0.16 & k2 = 0.443
= (0.16 + 0.443 x 0)x 30x600 ^2/1000)

= (0.16 + 0.443 x 0)x 30x600 ^2/1000)
Kx = (Puz - Pu) / (Puz - Pbx) = (8483.4 - 1481) / (8483.4 - 1728) = 1.037
Ky = (Puz - Pu) / (Puz - Pby) = (8483.4 - 1481) / (8483.4 - 1728) = 1.037
Max or May = (328.8 x 1.037) = 341
Mux = (0.6 x3 - 0.4 x1.5) = 1.2 kN.m
Muy = (0.6 x3 - 0.4 x1.5) = 1.2 kN.m

ex = L /500 + D /30 = (20100/500 + 600/30) = 60.2 mm
ex = L /500 + b /30 = (20100/500 + 600/30) = 60.2 mm
Mux = (1481 x 60.2/1000) = 89.16 kN.m
Muy = (1481 x 60.2/1000) = 89.16 kN.m
Mux = 341 + 89.16 = 430.16
Muy = 341 + 89.16 = 430.16
Pu / fck D^2 = 1481 x 1000/ 30 x 600^2 = 0.140
Mu / fckD ^3 = 0.135
Mux1 = Muy1 = 0.135 x 30 x 600^3/10^6 = 874.8 kN.m
pu/ puz = 1481 / 8483.4 = 0.18
For " pu/puz " = 0.2 to 0.8 " a n " Varies lineraly from 1.00 to 2.00
Hence " a n " = 1
(430.16 / 874.8 ^1+ 430.16 / 874.8^1 ) = 0.984 < 1
Hence safe
Max.Factored Tension per pile " N " = -505 kN -505000 N
Pu/fckD ^2 (-505000/30 x 600 ^2) = -0.05
M = Mu / fck D^3 (609x10 ^6/30 x 600 ^3) = 0.094
d1/D 66 / 600 = 0.11
p/fck = 0.123
Pu/fckD ^2 -505000 / 30 x 600 x 600 = -0.047
p/ fck = 3.69 / 30 = 0.123
Mux = Muy / fck D^3 = 0.15
Mux = Muy 0.15x 30 x 600 x 600^2 / = 972 kN.m
" ( Mx / Mux )^ 1 + ( My / Muy )^ 1 " < 1.0 = 0.885 < 1
= Hence safe
DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION FOR TEST BED UNDER CLAYEY SOIL - NARROW
BASE 9 PILE-FY & MOMENT CRITICAL

= 200
= 400
= 25
= 30


Tower slopes
Tan d = 0.1923450 0.65
4.750
1.025 1.03
2.7
0.000 SQ
0.000
0.200
30.900 0.700
4.750
30.000
0.750
FOUNDATION DETAILS
comp Tension

CHECK FOR UPLIFT
Pile volume = (3.142 x (0.75 x 0.75 ) / 4 x 30 x 1) = 13.256
UNDER COMPRESSION
UNDER TENSION


(2572.37/1 +17x 0^2/1.823 +37x 0^2/ 1.823) = 2573 kN

(515.63/1+17x 0^2/1.823 +37x 0^2 / 1.823) = 516 kN

kN/sq.m = 27386130
= 3.142 x 0.75 ^4 / 64 = 0.0156 m4

= 15531555477 mm4
Depth of Fixity
Where ,
K = (k1/1.5)x(0.3/B) = 2853.33 kN/cu.m

Soil and Pile Data
R = 2.885 m
Depth of fixity
L1 /R = 0
Lf /R = 2.2
L1+ Lf = (0+ 6.347) = 6.35 m
DEFLECTION

( d) ) = (129)/1 x 6.35 ^3 / 12 x 27386.13 x 15531555477.3422)

12 = (Q X 6350 ^3 / 12 x 27386.13 x 15531555477.3422)

= 3.142 x0.75 x 0.75 /4 = 0.442 sq.m

Where ,
= 21.57 sq.m
= 444.35 kN

Where ,
= 36.06 sq.m
= 1577.93 kN
Where ,
= 4.72 sq.m
= 206.5 kN
= 1670.76+444.35 + 1577.93 + 206.5/1.5 = 2599.693 kN

> 2573 kN

= 2/3x(444.35 + 1577.93 + 206.5/1.5) = 990.5689 kN
> 516 kN



Lex / D or Ley/ b = 16.08 /0.75 = 22 > 12
Hence safe

= (2573 x 0.25 x 0.75) = 482.5

Ast = 3.142 x 32 ^2 / 4x 16 = 12869.64 sq.mm
Ag = 3.142 x 750 ^2 / 4 = 441843.8 sq.mm
Pt = 12869.64x100 / 441843.75 = 2.92
Puz = 30 x 441843.75 = 13255313
Calculation of Pb
where k1 0.16 & k2 = 0.443
= (0.16 + 0.443 x 0)x 30x750 ^2/1000)

= (0.16 + 0.443 x 0)x 30x750 ^2/1000)
Kx = (Puz - Pu) / (Puz - Pbx) = (13255.4 - 2573) / (13255.4 - 2700) = 1.013
Ky = (Puz - Pu) / (Puz - Pby) = (13255.4 - 2573) / (13255.4 - 2700) = 1.013
Max or May = (482.5 x 1.013) = 488.8
Mux = (0.6 x17 - 0.4 x8.5) = 6.8 kN.m
Muy = (0.6 x37 - 0.4 x18.5) = 14.8 kN.m

ex = L /500 + D /30 = (20100/500 + 750/30) = 65.2 mm
ex = L /500 + b /30 = (20100/500 + 750/30) = 65.2 mm
Mux = (2573 x 65.2/1000) = 167.76 kN.m
Muy = (2573 x 65.2/1000) = 167.76 kN.m
Mux = 488.8 + 167.76 = 656.56
Muy = 488.8 + 167.76 = 656.56
Pu / fck D^2 = 2573 x 1000/ 30 x 750^2 = 0.16
Mu / fckD ^3 = 0.11
Mux1 = Muy1 = 0.11 x 30 x 750^3/10^6 = 1392.2 kN.m
pu/ puz = 2573 / 13255.4 = 0.2
Hence " a n " = 1
(656.56 / 1392.2 ^1+ 656.56 / 1392.2^1 ) = 0.944 < 1
Hence safe
Pu/fckD ^2 (516000/30 x 750 ^2) = 0.04
M = Mu / fck D^3 (929x10 ^6/30 x 750 ^3) = 0.074
d1/D 66 / 750 = 0.09
p/fck = 0.097
Pu/fckD ^2 516000 / 30 x 750 x 750 = 0.031
p/ fck = 2.91 / 30 = 0.097
Mux = Muy / fck D^3 = 0.13
Mux = Muy 0.13x 30 x 750 x 750^2 / = 1645.4 kN.m
" ( Mx / Mux )^ 1 + ( My / Muy )^ 1 " < 1.0 = 0.798 < 1
= ` Hence safe
DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION FOR TEST BED UNDER CLAYEY SOIL - DIAGONAL
BED CENTER PILE-FY & MOMENT CRITICAL

= 200
= 400
= 25
= 30


Tower slopes
Tan d = 0.1923450 0.65
4.750
1.025 1.03
2.7
0.000 SQ
0.000
0.200
30.900 0.700
4.750
30.000
0.750
FOUNDATION DETAILS
comp Tension

CHECK FOR UPLIFT
Pile volume = (3.142 x (0.75 x 0.75 ) / 4 x 30 x 1) = 13.256
UNDER COMPRESSION
UNDER TENSION


(1443.37/1 +5x 0^2/1.823 +10x 0^2/ 1.823) = 1444 kN

(-165.37/1+5x 0^2/1.823 +10x 0^2 / 1.823) = -166 kN

kN/sq.m = 27386130
= 3.142 x 0.75 ^4 / 64 = 0.0156 m4

= 15531555477 mm4
Depth of Fixity
Where ,
K = (k1/1.5)x(0.3/B) = 2853.333333 kN/cu.m

Soil and Pile Data
R = 2.885 m
Depth of fixity
L1 /R = 0
Lf /R = 2.2
L1+ Lf = (0+ 6.347) = 6.35 m
DEFLECTION

( d) ) = (28)/1 x 6.35 ^3 / 12 x 27386.13 x 15531555477.3422)

12 = (Q X 6350 ^3 / 12 x 27386.13 x 15531555477.3422)

= 3.142 x0.75 x 0.75 /4 = 0.442 sq.m

Where ,
= 21.57 sq.m
= 444.35 kN

Where ,
= 36.06 sq.m
= 1577.93 kN
Where ,
= 4.72 sq.m
= 206.5 kN
= 1670.76+444.35 + 1577.93 + 206.5/1.5 = 2599.693 kN

> 1444 kN

= 2/3x(444.35 + 1577.93 + 206.5/1.5) = 990.5689 kN
> -166 kN


50 %of moment at Bottom due to fixity at base = 5 5

Lex / D or Ley/ b = 16.08 /0.75 = 22 > 12
Hence safe

Excentricity Lex / D or Ley /b = 0.25
= (1444 x 0.25 x 0.75) = 270.8

Ast = 3.142 x 32 ^2 / 4x 10 = 8043.52 sq.mm
Ag = 3.142 x 750 ^2 / 4 = 441843.8 sq.mm
Pt = 8043.52x100 / 441843.75 = 1.83
Puz = 30 x 441843.75 = 13255313
Calculation of Pb
where k1 0.16 & k2 = 0.443
= (0.16 + 0.443 x 0)x 30x750 ^2/1000)

= (0.16 + 0.443 x 0)x 30x750 ^2/1000)
Kx = (Puz - Pu) / (Puz - Pbx) = (13255.4 - 1444) / (13255.4 - 2700) = 1.119
Ky = (Puz - Pu) / (Puz - Pby) = (13255.4 - 1444) / (13255.4 - 2700) = 1.119
Max or May = (270.8 x 1.119) = 303.1
Mux = (0.6 x5 - 0.4 x2.5) = 2 kN.m
Muy = (0.6 x10 - 0.4 x5) = 4 kN.m

ex = L /500 + D /30 = (20100/500 + 750/30) = 65.2 mm
ex = L /500 + b /30 = (20100/500 + 750/30) = 65.2 mm
Mux = (1444 x 65.2/1000) = 94.15 kN.m
Muy = (1444 x 65.2/1000) = 94.15 kN.m
Mux = 303.1 + 94.15 = 397.25
Muy = 303.1 + 94.15 = 397.25
Pu / fck D^2 = 1444 x 1000/ 30 x 750^2 = 0.09
Mu / fckD ^3 = 0.075
Mux1 = Muy1 = 0.075 x 30 x 750^3/10^6 = 949.3 kN.m
pu/ puz = 1444 / 13255.4 = 0.11
Hence " a n " = 1
(397.25 / 949.3 ^1+ 397.25 / 949.3^1 ) = 0.837 < 1
Hence safe
Max.Factored Tension per pile " N " = -166 kN -166000 N
Pu/fckD ^2 (-166000/30 x 750 ^2) = -0.01
M = Mu / fck D^3 (562x10 ^6/30 x 750 ^3) = 0.045
d1/D 66 / 750 = 0.09
p/fck = 0.061
Pu/fckD ^2 -166000 / 30 x 750 x 750 = -0.010
p/ fck = 1.83 / 30 = 0.061
Mux = Muy / fck D^3 = 0.1
Mux = Muy 0.1x 30 x 750 x 750^2 / = 1265.7 kN.m
" ( Mx / Mux )^ 1 + ( My / Muy )^ 1 " < 1.0 = 0.628 < 1
= ` Hence safe
DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION FOR TEST BED UNDER CLAYEY SOIL - DIAGONAL
BED CENTER PILE-FY & MOMENT CRITICAL

Allowable Gross safe bearing capacity " SBC " kN/m2 = 200
= 400
= 25
= 30


Tower slopes
Tan d = 0.1923450 0.65
4.750
1.025 1.03
2.7
0.000 SQ
0.000
0.200
30.900 0.700
4.750
30.000
0.750
FOUNDATION DETAILS
comp Tension

CHECK FOR UPLIFT
Pile volume = (3.142 x (0.75 x 0.75 ) / 4 x 30 x 1) = 13.256
UNDER COMPRESSION
UNDER TENSION


(2879.37/1 +218x 0^2/1.823 +197x 0^2/ 1.823) = 2880 kN

(612.63/1+218x 0^2/1.823 +197x 0^2 / 1.823) = 613 kN

kN/sq.m = 27386130
= 3.142 x 0.75 ^4 / 64 = 0.0156 m4

= 15531555477 mm4
Depth of Fixity
Where ,
K = (k1/1.5)x(0.3/B) = 2853.33 kN/cu.m

Soil and Pile Data
R = 2.885 m
Depth of fixity
L1 /R = 0
Lf /R = 2.2
L1+ Lf = (0+ 6.347) = 6.35 m
DEFLECTION

( d) ) = (195.333333333333)/1 x 6.35 ^3 / 12 x 27386.13 x 15531555477.3422)

12 = (Q X 6350 ^3 / 12 x 27386.13 x 15531555477.3422)

= 3.142 x0.75 x 0.75 /4 = 0.442 sq.m

Where ,
Ap = Surface Area of the Pile Shaft = pD L = (3.142x0.75 x 9.15)
= 21.57 sq.m
= 444.35 kN

Where ,
= 36.06 sq.m
= 1577.93 kN
Where ,
= 4.72 sq.m
= 206.5 kN
= 1670.76+444.35 + 1577.93 + 206.5/1.5 = 2599.693 Kn (3000 KN)

> 2880 kN
NOTE : Based on the previous experience tested pile capacity under compression is 3000 KN

= 2/3x(444.35 + 1577.93 + 206.5/1.5) = 990.5689 kN
> 613 kN

50 %of moment at Bottom due to fixity = 109 109

Lex / D or Ley/ b = 16.08 /0.75 = 22 > 12
Hence safe

= (2880 x 0.25 x 0.75) = 540

Ast = 3.142 x 32 ^2 / 4x 16 = 12869.64 sq.mm
Ag = 3.142 x 750 ^2 / 4 = 441843.75 sq.mm
Pt = 12869.64x100 / 441843.75 = 2.92
Puz = 30 x 441843.75 = 13255313
Calculation of Pb
where k1 0.16 & k2 = 0.443
= (0.16 + 0.443 x 0)x 30x750 ^2/1000)

= (0.16 + 0.443 x 0)x 30x750 ^2/1000)
Kx = (Puz - Pu) / (Puz - Pbx) = (13255.4 - 2880) / (13255.4 - 2700) = 0.983
Ky = (Puz - Pu) / (Puz - Pby) = (13255.4 - 2880) / (13255.4 - 2700) = 0.983
Max or May = (540 x 0.983) = 530.9
Mux = (0.6 x218 - 0.4 x109) = 87.2 kN.m
Muy = (0.6 x197 - 0.4 x98.5) = 78.8 kN.m

ex = L /500 + D /30 = (20100/500 + 750/30) = 65.2 mm
ex = L /500 + b /30 = (20100/500 + 750/30) = 65.2 mm
Mux = (2880 x 65.2/1000) = 187.78 kN.m
Muy = (2880 x 65.2/1000) = 187.78 kN.m
Mux = 530.9 + 187.78 = 718.68
Muy = 530.9 + 187.78 = 718.68
Pu / fck D^2 = 2880 x 1000/ 30 x 750^2 = 0.18
Mu / fckD ^3 = 0.115
Mux1 = Muy1 = 0.115 x 30 x 750^3/10^6 = 1455.5 kN.m
pu/ puz = 2880 / 13255.4 = 0.22
Hence " a n " = 1.04
(718.68 / 1455.5 ^1.04+ 718.68 / 1455.5^1. = 0.961 < 1
Hence safe
Pu/fckD ^2 (613000/30 x 750 ^2) = 0.04
M = Mu / fck D^3 (1017x10 ^6/30 x 750 ^3) = 0.081
d1/D 66 / 750 = 0.09
p/fck = 0.097
Pu/fckD ^2 613000 / 30 x 750 x 750 = 0.036
p/ fck = 2.91 / 30 = 0.097
Mux = Muy / fck D^3 = 0.15
Mux = Muy 0.15x 30 x 750 x 750^2 / = 1898.5 kN.m
" ( Mx / Mux )^ 1 + ( My / Muy )^ 1 " < 1.0 = 0.757 < 1
= ` Hence safe

Design of pile foundation for test bed

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Design of pile foundation for test bed

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7.

Input parametres for foundation design

Assumed Dimensions of foundation

Type of Pile = Bored Cast insitu

Maximum Foundation load details at plinth level ( as per Support Reactions )

Max. Ultimate Compression per leg " C " kN = 1134

DESIGN OF PILE FOUNDATION

Volume of concrete ( cum) / Leg

Pile volume = (3.142 x (0.75 x 0.75 ) / 4 x 30 x 1) = 13.256

Pile cap volume = (4.75 x 4.75 x 0.7 ) = 0

Pedestal volume below GL = (0 x 0 x 0.2 ) = 0

Pedestal volume above GL = (0 x 0 x 0 ) = 0

Total Volume = 13.256

Weight of concrete ( kN ) = (13.256 x 25) = 332

LOADS ON PILE TOP / TOWER LEG

For Max Ultimate Tensile Load-------- in kN (755 - 332 -291.37) = 132 (V t)

Maximum Ultimate Compressive Load / pile ---kN

LATERAL LOAD CAPACITY OF PILE

Modulus of Elasicity--N/ sqmm ( E )

Moment of Inertia- mm4 " I" = p x D 4 / 64

= 3.142 x 0.75 ^4 / 64 = 0.0156 m4

K = (k1/1.5)x(0.3/B) = 3600.00 kN/cu.m

Pile is considered to be fixed head and considering Grade of Concrete to be M30

The pile is Fixed Head pile

Lf = Depth of Fixity Lf = (2.2x 2.754) = 6.06 m

L1+ Lf = (0+ 6.0588) = 6.06 m

Q = Safe Horizontal Load on pile due to Transverse & Longitudinal Shear

= 9.19 mm < 12 mm Hence safe

Lateral Load Capacity of the pile------------in kN

= 276 > 274 Hence safe

DETERMINATION OF PILE CAPACITY

End Bearing Resistance

Ap = Cross -sectional area of pile to = p xD2 / 4

Bearing capacity Factor = 20

Average cohesion at pile Tip = 189 kN / sq.m

Qe = Ap x Nc x Cp------ Kn = 0.442 x 20 x 189 = 1670.76 kN

End Bearing Resistance of the pile = 1670.76 kN

SKIN FRICTION RESISTANCE UNDER SILTY CLAY

First Layer ( 0 to 9.15 ) m depth

Thickness of Layer = 9.150 m

Skin Friction Resistance in Silty clay = a C As

Ap = Surface Area of the Pile Shaft = pD L = (3.142x0.75 x 9.15)

Skin Friction Resistance in Silty clay = a C As = 1x20.6 x 21.57

Reduction Factor a = 0.56

Ap = Surface Area of the Pile Shaft = pDL = (3.142x0.75 x 15.3)

Skin Friction Resistance in Silty clay = a C As = 0.56x36.06 x 78.14

Thickness of Layer = 2.000 m

Skin Friction Resistance in Silty clay = a C As

Reduction Factor a = 0.35

Ap = Surface Area of the Pile Shaft = pDL = (3.142x0.75 x 2)

Skin Friction Resistance in Silty clay = a C As = 0.35x125 x 4.72

ADEQUACY OF PILE CAPACITY

Ultimate Compression Capacity of Pile -------in ( kN )

= 1670.76+444.35 + 1577.93 + 206.5/1.5 = 2599.693 kN

Ultimate Tensile Capacity of Pile ----------in ( kn )

HENCE , 1 NOS 750 MM X 30000 MM LONG PILE FOUND SAFE / LEG

PILE STRUCTURAL DESIGN ( Loads per pile ) kN /kN.m

Max Ultimate Compression Load-- in kN ( pu) = 1758 1758

Max Ultimate Tensile Load------kN (755 - 332 -291.37) = 132 132

Ulti Moment due to Tranverse Shear at top(kN.m) = 71 71

Diameter of Pile m = 0.750

Length of Pile ( L ) m = 30.000

Lex / D or Ley/ b = 16.08 /0.75 = 22 > 12