Music
Polyrhythm – Mean that there are two or
MUSIC OF 20TH CENTURY
It can be perfectly described as eclectic
meaning it is deriving ideas, it is a diverse range
of sources simply because this period has
provided a wide array of music to choose from.
Its high regard for originality pushed composers
to step up their standards and please their
listeners by structuring sounds in the newest
and most dynamic form of expression.
It is said to be age of musical diversity due to
the various kinds of styles, techniques, and
approaches in music.
Elements of Music
1. Melody – The melodies of the twentieth-
century music have generally more angular
contour than those in the earlier period due to
the alternating upward and downward direction
of the melody. They are so difficult to sing
because they feature disjunct progression.
Disjunct Progression refers to the wide leaps or
intervals from one note to the next.
Microtones are modes using less intervals less
than a semitone which are borrowed from non-
Western music cultures.
2. Meter and Rhythm – Composers have
embraced new techniques of organizing rhythm
in the twentieth-century music, seeking new
rhythm and metric effects. This has been made
possible by means of several devices.
a. Unusual Meter – Means that there are two
beats in a measure.
b. Multimeter – Means that there are frequent
changes in a meter and a time signature.
c. Unconventional Meter – Means that there
are unconventional meter or asymmetrical
grouping of beat or notes within a measure.
d.
more meters are used at the same time.
3. Harmony – There has been no musical
element that is treated more radically by the
twentieth century composer than harmony. As
a result, a listener if twentieth century music is
unable to predict the structure of harmony
because of the following new treatment to
harmonic concepts. And these are;
a. Chord Structures - Chords in common
practice are built on an interval of thirds but in
the 20th century, chords vocabulary has been
expanded by adding thirds to triads making up
7th, 9th, 11th, and 13th chords.
Quartal Harmony are chords in interval of
fourths.
b. Chord Progression - The conventional chord
progressions have been abandoned to give way
for progressions that involve chords having no
relation to the key.
c. Dissonance and Consonance - Fundamental
changes on how chords are treated have been
brought up. Consonant chord is stable but a
Dissonance chord is unstable, it is expected to
be resolved into a consonant chord however, it
no longer requires resolution to consonance
during the 20th century.
4. Tonality – During the late Romantic period,
the system of tonality or key showed signs of
weakening. Some composers have totally
removed the sense of center key or key feeling.
This absence of any key center is called
Atonality. Another innovation, a new approach
to pitch organization is the use of polytonality,
it is the simultaneous use of two or more keys.
5. Texture - Homophonic Textures could be
commonly observed in 20th century music,
however, there is a predominance of
contrapuntal textures or counterpoint which is
composed of two or more independent melodic - Most famous one was composed between
lines. 1890 and 1905 and was released with piano
suite.
IMPRESSIONISM MUSIC
- The name of the track means “moonlight”
Characteristics of Impressionistic Music:
EXPRESSIONISTIC MUSIC
 Neomodality
 Open Chords  Borrowed from visual arts
 Whole-Tone Mode  Emphasizes intense and subjective
 Parallelism emotions
 Free Rhythms  Emotionally orientated
 Wide Intervals  Harshly dissonant
 Atonal
Claude Debussy (1862-1918)
Techniques and Methods of Composers
 He was born in Saint Germainen-Laye
(France) Atonality
 He was a music composer and most of
- Use of tones from outside the underlying
the operas were classical genre.
major and minor keys.
 He composed 1884 to 1916 and he died
at the age of 55 years old. Twelve-tone System

Understanding his talent he didn’t want to learn - Also known as dodecaphonic. It refers to
things how they were, he wanted to do music based on serial manipulation of the
something new: innovate. twelve chromatic pitches.

 When he was 7, he started to take - In this rigid composition, the basic musical unit
piano lessons and after 2 years, his is called tone-row.
talent started to come out.
Kinds:
 Debussy decided he wanted to
compose for the rest of his life.  Retrograde
 At 10 years old, he entered the Paris  Inversion
Conservatory and he stayed there for  Retrograde Inversion
11 years; with the best French teachers,
He graduated in the year 1884 and won Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)
the Prix De Rome, the prize paid his - Born in Austria in 1874
expenses to study and compose in
Rome. - Violin and Cello

Prelude to the afternoon of a faun (1894) - Started arranging songs

- For orchestra, it last approximately 10 minutes - Taught music theory and compositions (1904)
and was first inaugurated in Paris (1894) Pierrot Lunaire (Moonstruck Pierrot, 1912)
Claire De lune - Cycle of 21 songs for female voice

- Developed a gliding speech song called

Sprechstimme.
- A survivor of Warsaw (1927) -

- The Violin Concert

ART Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)

EXPRESSIONISM ART Known as cubist, cubism

 In the 1900s, a movement arose in the Guitar (1932)

western art world that came to be
known as expressionism. Expressionist
Artist created works with more
emotional force, rather than with
realistic or natural images.

Features of Expressionism Art

 Distorted
 Exaggerated
 Subjective
 Full of emotion

Artists and their artworks

Edvard Munch (1861-1944)

The Scream (1910)

Styles

1. Neoprivitism – is an art style that

incorporated elements from native arts of the
South Sea Islanders and the wood carvings of
African tribes that surged in popularity at that
time.

2. Fauvism – is a style that used bold, vibrant

Edvard’s Diaries: colors and visuals distortions. Its name was
derived from les fauves (“wild beasts”),
- “I was walking down the road with two friends
referring to the group of French expressiontist
when the sun set; suddenly the sky turned as
painters who painted in this style. Perhaps the
red as blood. I stopped and leaned against the
most known among them was Henri Matisse.
fence, feeling unspeakably tired. Tongues of fire
and blood stretched over the bluish black ford.
My friends went on walking, while lagged
behind, shivering with fear. The I heard the
enormous infinite scream nature.” Blue Window

Woman with Hat
3. Dadaism – is an anti-art movement that
started on 1916 in Zurich. Art was intentionally
off-putting, scandalous and shocking.
A replica of Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain (1917)
4. Surrealism – is a style that depicted on
illogical, subconscious dream world that seems
to exist beyond the logical, conscious, physical
one. Its name came from the term "super
realism”, which its artworks clealy expresses a
departure from reality as though the artist were
dreaming, seeing illusions, or experiencing an
altered mental state.
5. Social Realism – The movement known as
social, social realism, expressed the artist’s role
in social reform. Here, artists used their works
to protest against the injustices, inequalities,
immorality, and ugliness of the human
condition.
Guernica
Miner’s Wives
IMPRESSIONISM ART
- Arts with shows modern life and concentrated
people relaxing and doing leisure activities.
- Showed everyday objects and how they
reacted with the light
- Artist tried to capture how the color of the
objects changed with their movement of light
and day.
Impressionist Painters and their Artworks
Vincent Van Gogh
Starry Night  Non-objectivism

1. Cubism – Style derived its name from the

cube, a three dimentional geometric figure
composed of strictly measured lines, planes,
and angles.

- Cubist artworks were, therefore, a play of

planes and angles on a flat surface.
Claude Monet (1840-1926)

Sunrise (1872)

Girl Before a Mirror (1932)

Abstrationism Pablo Picasso
- It is a group of people of artistic styles 2. Futurism – The movement known as futurism
emerged at the same time as the began in italy in early 1900s. As the name
expressionistmovemnt. It had the same sprit of implies the futurists created art for fast-paced,
freedom of expression and openness that machine-propelled age. They admired the
characterized life in the 20 th century , but it motion, force, speed, and strength of
differed from expressionism in certain ways. mechanical forms.
- The movement arose from the intellectual
point of view in the 20 th century, In the world of
science, physicist were formulating a new view
of the universe, which resulted in that concepts
of space-time and relativity. This intellectualism
was reflected even in art, while expressionism
was emotional, abstractionism was logical and
rational.

Groups;

 Cubism
 Futurism
 Mechnical Style
Armored Train (1915)
Gino Severini
3. Mechanical Style – As the result of the
futurist movement what became known as the
mechanical style basic forms such as planes,
cones, spheres.
The City (1919)
Fernand Ledger
4. Non-Objectivism
- The logical geometrical conclusion of
abstractionism, came in the style known as Non
Objetified. From the very term “Non Object”,
work in his style did not make use of figure or
even representations of figures. They did not
refer to recognizable object or forms in the
outside world.
- Lines, shapes, and colors were used in a cool,
impersonal approach that aimed for balance,
unity, and stability. Colors were mainly black,
white, and the primaries (red, yellow, and blue).
Foremost, among the non objectivist was Dutch
painter, Piet Mondrian.
New York City (1942)
The New York School
– In the 1920s and 1930s, aspiring young
American painters, sculptors, and writers sailed
to Europe to expand their horizons. But during
the dark days of World War II, a reverse
migration brought European scientists,
architects, and artists to American shores. New
York, in particular, became a haven for the
newly-arrived artists and their American
counterparts.
- The result was the establishment of what
came to be known as “The New York School” –
as opposed to “The School of Paris” that had
been very influential in Europe. The daring
young artists in this movement succeeded in
creating their own sysnthesis of Europe’s cubist
and surrealist styles. Their style came to be
known as Abstract Expressionism.
5. Action Painting – Pollock worked on a huge
canvases spread on the floor, splattering,
squirting, and dribbling paint with (seemingly)
no pre-planned pattern or design in mind. The
total effect is one of vitality, creativity, “energy
made visible.” Pollock’s first one-man show in
New York in 1943 focused worldwide attention
on abstract expressionism for the first time.
Autumn Rhythm Jackson Pollock (1950) Oil on
canvas.
6. Color Field Painting – In contrast to vigorous - The movements they brought about have
gestures of the action painters, another group come to be called:
of artists who came to be known as “color field
 Neo-Dadaism and Pop Art
painters” used different color (purity, vividness,
 Conceptual Art
intensity) to create their desired effects. Some
of their works were huge fields of vibrant color  Op Art/Optical Art
—as in the paintings of Mark Rothko and Barett  The New Realism
Newman.

7. Pop Art

Magenta, Black, Green on Orange

Marilyn Monroe
Mark Rothko, 1949
Andy Warhol
Oil on canvas
1967 Silkscreen Print

Vir Heroicus Sublimis

Barnett Newman, 1950-1951

Oil on canvas
After the New York School
- By the early 1960s, the momentum of the New
York School slowed down. In its place, a new
crop of artists came on the scene using lighter
treatment and flashes of humor, even
irreverence in their art work.
Twelve Cars
Andy Warhol
1982 Art Print
8. Optical Art- Another movement that
emerged in the 1960s was optical art or “op
art”. This was yet another experiment in visual
experience—a form of “kinetic art”, art form
that fools the eyes into thinking that the Georges Seurat
artwork is moving. This optical illusion is
achieved by the use of geometric designs
arranged in careful mathematical patterns.

Paul Signac

Both developed the technique in 1886,

branching from impressionism

Current Bridget Riley, 1964 synthetic polymer

paint on composition board.

Expressionism

Pointillism – Is a technique of painting in which

small, distinct dots of color are applied in
patterns to form an image.
 Which refers to the frequent changes in meter
and time signature?

Multimeter

Impressionism and Expressionism music is

Music Review
both borrowed from visual arts.
Identify the black keys that are being used,
True
based on the given key. Where on the staff are
the black keys located?

Claude Debussy is a foremost composer of

Expressionistic music.
KEY OF E
False
1st space, 2nd line, and 2nd space

Which of the following is NOT a composition of

KEY OF B
Claude Debussy?
3rd space, and 4th line
Pierrot Luna ire

KEY OF A
Which of the following is not 20th century
3rd space, and 4th line style/technique of music?

Abstraction Scale

KEY OF F

3rd space, and 4th line Arts Review

Edvard Munch → Expressionism,

Where on the key board are the sharp symbols

located?
Claude Monet → Impressionism,

KEY OF D
Pablo Picasso → Cubism,
Mi-F#, Fa-G#, and Sol-A#

Marcel Duchamp → Dadaism

KEY OF G

Fa - C#, and Sol - D#

An art movement that focuses on showing the → Action painting,
effects of light on things at different time of the
day

- Impressionism

A painting in which the artist expresses his

feelings spontaneously without reference to
any representation of physical reality.

- Abstractionism

Is a result of futurist movement that uses basic

forms such as planes, cones and spheres neatly
in their appointed places. → Color Field Painting,
- Mechanical

This art movement began in the early 1900's

and artworks shows fast-paced, machine
propelled age.

- Futurism

→ Pop Art,

→ Non - Objectivism,

→ Cubism

George Seurat developed Dadaism in his work

of art.
- False

Collage is a style of art which practices sticking

down paper shapes or any objects to make a
special kind of picture.

- true