Forma tLesson 3:

Read the following instructions carefully before answering:

• Answer the following questions briefly. The maximum number of sentences is 15 only.
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Last Name_First Name_Module_Number
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1. Describe how the skeleton is organized into

axial and appendicular divisions.

Axial skeleton consists of the bones that lie

around the longitudinal axis of the human body
while the appendicular skeleton consists of the
bones of the upper and lower limbs (extremities)
plus the bones forming the girdles that connect
the limbs to the axial skeleton.
 2. Using a table, name the cranial and facial bones and indicate whether they
are paired or single.
Cranial Bones Paired or Not Facial Bones Paired or Not
Parietal Paired Mandible Paired
Frontal Not paired Maxilla Paired
Occipital Not paired Zygomatic Paired
Temporal Paired Nasal Paired
Sphenoid Not Paired Lacrimal Paired
Ethmoid Not Paired Palastine Paired
Vomer Not Paired
Inferior Nasal Concha Paired
Auditory ossciles Paired
 3. Describe the following cranial bones and their main features: frontal,
parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid.

Parietal- Forms most of the superior and lateral aspects of the skull
Frontal- Forms forehead, superior part of orbits, and most of the anterior cranial
fossa; contains sinuses
Occipital- Forms posterior aspect and most of the base of the skull
Temporal- Forms inferolateral aspects of the skull and contributes to the middle
cranial fossa; has squamous, mastoid, tympanic, and petrous regions
Sphenoid- Keystone of the cranium; contributes to the middle cranial fossa and
orbits; main parts are the body, greater wings, lesser wings and pterygoid
processes
Ethmoid- Helps to form the anterior cranial fossa; forms part of the nasal septum
and the lateral walls and roof of the nasal cavity; contributes to the medial wall of
the orbit
Mandible- the lower jaw
Maxilla- Keystone bones of the face; form the upper jaw and parts of the hard
palate, orbits, and nasal cavity walls
Zygomatic- Form the cheek and part of the orbit
Nasal- From the bridge of the nose
Inferior Nasal Conchae- Form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
Vomer- Inferior part of the nasal septum
Sut 5. Enumerate and describe the following special features of the skull.

Sutures- an immovable joint that holds most skull bones together

Paranasal sinuses- cavities within cranial and facial bones near the nasal
cavity
Fontanels- areas of unossified tissue
 6. Identify the regions and normal curves of the vertebral column, describing
its structural and functional features.

1. Cervical Region-
 Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)
 The atlas (C1) is the first cervical vertebra
 The axis (C2) is the second cervical vertebra
2. Thoracic Region
 Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T2)
 Articulate with the ribs
3. Lumbar Region
 Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)
 Provide for the attachment of the large back muscles
4. Sacrum
 The sacrum is a triangular bone formed by the union of five sacral
vertebrae (S1-S5)
 Serves as a strong foundation for the pelvic girdle
5. Coccyx
 The coccyx, like the sacrum, is triangular in shape
 It is formed by the fusion of usually four coccygeal vertebrae