Assam grows a large portion of the

country’s tea

Assam is home to the largest population of great FACTS

er-one horned rhinos with more than 90% in
Kaziranga national park. ABOUT
ASSAM
Assam receives more rainfall than most parts of
India

State bird :white- State flower:

winged wood duck Rhynchostylis Retusa
LOCATION BRAHMAPUTRA
RIVER

ASSA
M

BARAK
VALLEY

• A state in northern eastern India, south of eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak river valleys
TOPOGRAPHY OF ASSAM BRAHAMPU
TRA VALLEY

BARAK
VALLEY

KARBI
ANGLONG
PLATEAU

1.Topographically, the state can be divided into three parts, viz. the
Brahamputra valley, the Barak valley and the Karbi Anglong plateau 2.
Assam falls in a zone prone to earth quake.
3.Though mild shaking are familiar to the region, high-intensity
earthquakes are rather infrequent climate.
Weather of Assam
• The climate of Assam is typically
‘tropical monsoon rainfall’ type, with
high levels of humidity and heavy
rainfall
• People here enjoy a moderate
climate all throughout the year, with
warm summers and mild winters
• There are four distinct seasons in
Assam - summer, monsoon,
autumn and winter.
 Summers
The summer season in
Assam starts from the
month of March and
extends till the end of June.
The season is characterized
by extreme humidity and
frequent showers. The
average temperature during
this time of the year is
between 35 and 38 degree
Celsius. In fact, the mercury
level never rises more than
38 degrees, even in the
hottest month of the year.
So, light cotton clothes are
the best option during
summers.
Monsoons
The neighboring areas of
Cherapunji and
Mawsynram have the
highest rainfall in the world.
The average annual rainfall
in the state is around 70
inches in the west and
around 120 inches in the
east.
In the afternoons,
thunderstorms known as
Bordoicila are very common.
The season covers the
entire state with a green
blanket.
Winters
The winter season in
Assam is basically
characterized by scanty
rainfall and misty mornings
and afternoons. It starts in
November and continues till
the month of February. The
mercury reading at this time
of the year is around 6 to 8
degree Celsius or 43- 46
degree Fahrenheit. This is
the best time to visit the
northeastern state of
Assam.
Spring & Autumn
In Assam, spring (March-
April) and autumn
(September- October)
present pleasant seasons,
with moderate temperature
and rainfall. These are
amongst the popular
months for tourist rush. As
it is neither too cold nor too
hot, you don’t have to carry
any special type of garment
for these seasons.
Therefore, if you are
planning a trip to Assam,
spring and autumn may be
your choice.
 •Tropical Semi Evergreen Forests.
LOCAL occur mostly in Hallangapar, Abhoypur, Dilli, Dhansiri, Kholahat, Mayong,
Garbhanga, Rani, Mahamaya, Guma, Haltugaon, Kachugaon, Gali, Pobha
VEGETATION Ranga, Kakoi, Nauduar, Batasipur, Dohalia, Singla, Longai, Bhuban Pahar,
Sonai, Barak and Inner Line Reserve Forests along Northern and Southern
parts of the State.
•Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests.
found in the districts of Golaghat, Jorhat, Sibsagar,
Tinsukia, Dibrugarh and in a narrow stretch in
Lakhimpur and Dhemaji districts along foot hills.
These forests also occur in the southern part of the
State at lower elevations in Borail Range, and in
Loharbund, Sonai, Longai and Dholia Reserve
Forests in Cachar and Karimganj Districts.

•Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests.

Moist Deciduous Forests can further be described as Sal
Forests and Mixed Deciduous Forests. Sal Forests occupy
considerable forest area in the Central and Lower parts of the
State in the Districts of Nagaon, Morigaon, Kamrup, parts of
Nalbari and Barpeta, Darrang, Dhubri, Kokrajhar and Goalpara.
•Sub-tropical Broadleaf Hill Forests.
Sub-tropical Broad Leaf Hills forests and Sub-
tropical Pine forests occur in the districts of
Karbi-Anglong and N. C. Hills.
•Sub-tropical Pine Forests.
Higher up pure stands of Pinus
kesiya(Khasi-pine) are found particularly
in the Hamren sub-division in Karbi-
Anglong district.
•Grassland and Savannahs.
Grass land and Savannahs are grass dominated biomes and form the major part of
vegetation in Kaziranga National Park, Pobitora, Orang, Sonai-Rupai, Laokhowa,
Barnadi, Burachapori, Dibru-Saikhowa Wildlife Sanctuaries and some part in Manas
National Park. Grasslands support important wildlife population in Assam.
Important grasses are Apluda mutica, Phragmatis karka, Sclerostachya fusca,
Saccharum species etc. These species grow gregariously at the onset of monsoon
and grow even upto 6 meters tall.
•Littoral and Swamp Forests.
Littoral and Swamp forests have almost lost their identity because of biotic
pressure on land. Presently sedges and grasses form the largest
component of vegetation. Important species include Ageratum conyzoides,
Alocasia species, Alpinia species., Amaranthus species., Bacopa species.,
Blumea species., Bombax species., Crotolaria species. etc.
TEMPERATURRE
In Dispur, the wet season is hot, oppressive, and
mostly cloudy and the dry season is warm and
mostly clear. Over the course of the year, the
temperature typically varies from 53°F to 90°F and
is rarely below 49°F or above 94°F.

The length of the day in Dispur varies over

SUN MOVEMENT the course of the year. In 2021, the shortest
day is December 21, with 10 hours, 30
minutes of daylight; the longest day is June
21, with 13 hours, 47 minutes of
daylightThe earliest sunrise is at 4:29
AM on June 9, and the latest sunrise is 1
hour, 42 minutes later at 6:11
AM on January 13. The earliest sunset is
at 4:30 PM on November 30, and the latest
sunset is 1 hour, 49 minutes later at 6:19
PM on July 2
WIND MOVEMENT
The wind is most often from the south for 2.1 weeks,
from January 18 to February 2, with a peak percentage
of 33% on February 1. The wind is most often from
the west for 7.7 months, from February 2 to September
23, with a peak percentage of 55% on July 9. The wind
is most often from the east for 3.8 months,
from September 23 to January 18, with a peak
percentage of 42% on January 1.

In Dispur, the average percentage of the sky covered by

CLOUD COVER clouds experiences extreme seasonal variation over the
course of the year.The clearer part of the year in Dispur
begins around October 5 and lasts for 8.0 months, ending
around June 3. On February 17, the clearest day of the year,
the sky is clear, mostly clear, or partly cloudy 90% of the time,
and overcast or mostly cloudy 10% of the time.
The cloudier part of the year begins around June 3 and lasts
for 4.0 months, ending around October 5. On August 7,
the cloudiest day of the year, the sky is overcast or mostly
cloudy 88% of the time, and clear, mostly clear, or partly
l d 12% f th ti
SUNPATH AND
WIND DIRECTION
ORIENTATION • WINDOWS ARE MOSTLY PLACED IN EAST-
WEST DIRECTION & FLAT WALLS ARE
PLACES IN NORTH-SOUTH DIRECTION
• HOUSES ARE MADE ON SLITS DUE TO THE
STATE IS AN EARTHQUAKE PRONE ZONE
• AND ALSO THE ROOFS ARE MOSTLY
SLOPING DUE TO HEAVY RAINFALL
• Buildings are constructed on both flat and
sloped terrains.
• On flat grounds, the buildings are typically
rectangular or L or C layout.
• On other surfaces, such as highlands, they are
usually rectangular in shape, accessed via the
hillside.
• The roof is typically erected by high gables to
overcome heavy rainfall in the region, where
walls are usually timber-framed, plastered
with cement..
• With high ceilings and well-ventilated rooms,
the floorings are either wooden or concrete
with tiled, mosaic or stone surfacing with stilts.
ARCHITECTURAL FORM
Assam-type architecture

1.It is a style developed in the state

of Assam in India during the late
modern period. It is found in Assam
and Sylhet region.2. The houses
ROOFS constructed using this style are
generally termed as Assam-type
houses, consisting usually one or
more storeys.3.The houses are built
to be earthquake proof, and are made
from materials ranging from wood
and bamboo to steel and concrete

Dwelling for earthquake High plinth level structure

ARCHITECTURAL FORM What is vernacular architecture of assam ?
It mainly consist of 3 imp significance1.Hip or gable roof2.
use of bamboos as major building material's3.higher plinth
level

1.vernacular style of Assam+socio economic

factor's=use of bamboos as major building
material'sBamboos-1.socially and economically bamboo is
considered as major building material2.It is influencing the
lifestyle of people
ROOFS
2.vernacular style of Assam+climate=gable or hip
roof1.Gable and hip roofs doesn't allow water logging as
Assam receives heavy amount of rainfall annually

3.vernacular style of Assam+typography=high plinth

levelAssam faces floods every yearSo,the higher plinth level
projects the inside of house from getting floodedAssam Also
comes in an earthquake prone area.Thus the dwellings are
made of local and temporary material'sIt prevents big
economical loss
Dwelling for earthquake High plinth level structure

Urbanization of vernacular
Modernized use of bamboos
Some typical feature's of Assam vernacular
buildings
1.Walls are of timber framework,inside those panels ikara used to
fill
2.These ikara are cut in size of panel and laid vertically
3.The horizontal members usually bamboo
4.After putting ikara it is left to dry for few days
5.Then it is plastered in both side with mud mortar
6.Three layers of plaster are done alternatively after drying of
each coat
7.Finished coat is of liquid mix of mud and cow dung
8.The building are of maximum of two storey’s
9.Building is symmetrical on both sides
10.1st floor is connected with a timber staircase
11.open spaces in front (chotal)and back side(barl)of the house
The urbanization of vernacular
Urban forms of Assamese architecture retains the
flavour of their vernacular roots with some added
modern features like the use of more permanent
material like concrete and brick fused with the use of
bamboosWherever possible.
ROOFS : Hip /gable roof is
used to protect from harsh
rainfall and sun light

SHADING
DEVICES:Shading
(Chajja) and blinds
at veranda to block
afternoon solar
radiation in warm
and humid climate.
Conclusion
1.As per our understanding after this study,
vernacular architecture is basically
designing a building without any training in
design guided by a series if conventional
built up in the locality paying little attention CONCLUSION
to aesthetics but more productivity
2. Provides desired comfort to the residents
living in that dwelling
3.Energy efficient and can withstand any
climate
4.Use of local materials and preserves
culture
THANK YOU