Name: Lourd Justin T.

Delicana Course & Code: GE 4 (784)

Geometric Shapes
A polygon is a two-dimensional shape with straight sides. It can be classified according to number of
its sides.
A solid or form is the geometry of three-dimensional space, the kind of space we live in. It is called
three-dimensional or 3D because there are three dimensions: width, depth and height.

A. Name each of the following polygons and identify the type of each accordingly.

Type
Sum of Simple/ Convex/ Regular/
Shape Name
Integral angles Complex Concave Irregular
1.

Square 360° Simple Convex Regular

2.

Trapezoid 360° Simple Convex Irregular

3.

Decagon 1,440° Complex Convex Irregular

4.

Nonagon 1,260° Simple Concave Irregular

5.

Dodecagon 1,800° Simple Convex Regular

6.

Hexagon 720° Simple Concave Irregular

B. Name the solid and classify each as polyhedron or non-polyhedron

1. Sample 2. 3.

Sphere (non-polyhedron) Cone (non-polyhedron) Square Prism (polyhedron)

4. 5. 6.

Pyramid (polyhedron) Cylinder (non-polyhedron) Torus (non-polyhedron)

7. 8. 9.

Cylinder (non-polyhedron) Triangular Prism (polyhedron) Cube (polyhedron)

10. 11. 12.

Sphere (non-polyhedron) Cube (polyhedron) Pentagonal Prism (polyhedron)

13. 14. 15.

Cone (non-polyhedron) Cylinder (non-polyhedron) Pyramid (polyhedron)

Transformation
Geometric transformation of shapes is a change of its size, orientation or position following certain
techniques in mathematics. The original shape is called the object and the new shape is called its
image. Some types of transformations include:
• Translation – the object is slide in any direction.
• Reflection – the object is flipped over a line.
• Rotation – the object is rotated a certain degree about a point.
• Glide Reflection – a composition of translation and reflection in a line parallel to the
direction of translation.
• Dilation – the object is enlarged or reduce.

C. Identify the following transformations (shaded shape is the object).

1. 2.

Dilation Translation

3. 4.

Rotation Reflection

5. 6.

Reflection Dilation

7. 8.

Reflection Translation
Patterns and Diagrams
Reflection symmetry - if a figure can be reflected over a line in such a way that the resulting
image coincides with the original. Reflection symmetry is also called bilateral symmetry. The
reflection line is called the line of symmetry.
Rotational symmetry - if a figure can be rotated about a point in such a way that it’s rotated
image coincides with the original figure.

D. Determine the symmetry group in the following figures. For cyclic group (Cn), determine
the order of rotation; and for dihedral groups (Dn), determine the number of reflection lines.

1. 2. 3.

D1 D9 D1
4. 5. 6.

C7 C3 D1

7. 8. 9.

D5 D1 D4
10. 11. 12.

D1 C3 D1

13. 14. 15.

D2 D1 C10
Patterns and Diagrams
An infinite strip with a repeating pattern is called a frieze pattern, or sometimes a border
pattern or an infinite strip pattern. The term "frieze" is from architecture, where a frieze refers to a
decorative carving or pattern that runs horizontally just below a roofline or ceiling.

E. Using the International Union of Crystallography (IUC) notation, identify the names of
symmetry groups in the following frieze patterns.

1.

pmm2

2.

p1m1

3.

p112

4.

p1m1

5.

p112
Patterns and Diagrams
A tessellation is defined as a pattern of shapes that covers a plane without any gaps or
overlaps. Tessellations can be found on pavements, patios and wallpapers. Tiled surface of flooring
and walls is an example of tessellation where there are no tiles which overlap and there are no gaps
between shapes.

F. Name the following tessellations.

1. 2.

9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3

3. 4.

3, 4, 4, 6 3, 3, 3, 4, 4

5. 6.

3, 3, 6, 6 4, 5, 5, 5

7. 8.

3, 3, 6, 6 4, 4, 4, 4, 4

9. 10.
3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3 5, 5, 5, 5