MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

Name: John Dave B. Bantayan Date: September 9, 2021

College/ Program: Bachelor of Science in Architecture Time: 12:30 P.M – 1:30 P.M

LET’S ANALYZE- ULOb

F. Solve the following problems.

3. An architect wants to determine the relationship between the heights (in feet) of a building and
the number of stories in the building. The data for a sample of 10 buildings are shown below.
Explain the relationship.
Stories 64 54 40 31 45 38 42 41 37 40

Height 841 725 635 616 615 582 535 520 511 485

Answer

Scatterplot of Stories (x) and Height (y)

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

The scatter plot suggests a positive relationship between stories and height.
 𝒙 𝒚 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝒚

64 841 4096 707281 53824

54 725 2916 525625 39150

40 635 1600 403225 25400

31 616 961 379456 19096

45 615 2025 378225 27675

38 582 1444 338724 22116

42 535 1764 286225 22470

41 520 1681 270400 21320

37 511 1369 261121 18907

40 485 1600 235225 19400

∑ 𝑥 = 432 ∑ 𝑦 = 6065 ∑ 𝑥 2 = 19456 ∑ 𝑦 2 = 3785507 ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 269358

The correlation coefficient is,

𝑛 ∑ 𝑥𝑦 − ∑ 𝑥 ∙ ∑ 𝑦
𝑟=
√[𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 2 − (∑ 𝑥)2 ][𝑛 ∑ 𝑦 2 − (∑ 𝑦)2 ]
10(269358) − (432)(6065)
=
√[10(19456) − (432)2 ][10(3785507) − (6065)2 ]
73500
=
92185.8228
= 0.797
Consider Null and Alternative hypothesis.

Null Hypothesis, 𝐻0 : 𝜌 = 0

Alternative Hypothesis, 𝐻1 : 𝜌 ≠ 0
 The degree of freedom is, 𝑛 − 1 = 10 − 1 = 9

The critical value of 𝑡 for 9 degree of freedom and 5% level of significance is 2.26

Test statistic value:

𝑟√𝑛 − 2
𝑡=
√1 − 𝑟 2
0.797√10 − 2
=
√1 − (0.797)2

= 6.180
Here, the calculated value exceeds the critical value then we reject the null hypothesis.

Hence, we conclude that the correlation coefficient is significant

There is a significant relationship between stories and height.

4. A Zumba instructor remembers the data given in the following table, which shows the
recommended maximum exercise heart rates for individuals of the given ages.
Age (x years) 20 40 60

Maximum Heart Rate 170 153 136

(y beats per minute)

a. Find the linear correlation coefficient for the data.

𝒙 𝒚 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝒚

20 170 400 28900 3400

40 153 1,600 23409 6120

60 136 3600 18496 8160

∑ 𝑥 = 120 ∑ 𝑦 = 459 ∑ 𝑥 2 = 5600 ∑ 𝑦 2 = 70805 ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 17680

 The correlation coefficient is,
𝑛 ∑ 𝑥𝑦 − ∑ 𝑥 ∙ ∑ 𝑦
𝑟=
√[𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 2 − (∑ 𝑥)2 ][𝑛 ∑ 𝑦 2 − (∑ 𝑦)2 ]
3(17680) − (120)(459)
=
√[3(5600) − (120)2 ][3(70805) − (459)2 ]
53040 − 55080
=
√[(16800) − (14400)][(212415) − (210681)]
−2040
=
√(2400)(1734)
−2040
=
2040
= −1
The linear correlation coefficient for the data is -1.

b. What is the significance of the value found in part a?

The significance of the value found in part a is that the value of r is -1 where it implies that there
is a strong negative linear relationship between the two variables which are the age and the
maximum heart rate that beats per minute.
c. Find the equation of the least-squares line.
(∑ 𝑦)(∑ 𝑥 2 ) − (∑ 𝑥)(∑ 𝑥𝑦)
𝑎=
𝑛(∑ 𝑥 2 ) − (∑ 𝑥)2
(459)(5600) − (120)(17680)
=
3(5600) − (120)2
2570400 − 2121600
=
16800 − 14400
448800
=
2400
= 𝟏𝟖𝟕
𝑛(∑ 𝑥𝑦) − (∑ 𝑥)(∑ 𝑦)
𝑏=
𝑛(∑ 𝑥 2 ) − (∑ 𝑥)2
3(17680) − (120)(459)
=
3(5600) − (120)2
53040 − 55080
=
16800 − 14400
−2040
=
2400
= −𝟎. 𝟖𝟓
Given the value of 𝑎 and 𝑏 above where 𝒂 = 𝟏𝟖𝟕 and 𝒃 = −𝟎. 𝟖𝟓, the linear regression
equation for the data above is 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟖𝟕 + (−𝟎. 𝟖𝟓)𝒙.
d. Use the equation from part c to predict the maximum exercise heart rate for a person who is 72.
𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥
= 187 + (−0.85)(72)
= 187 + (−61.2)
= 𝟏𝟐𝟓. 𝟖 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟐𝟔
The maximum exercise heart rate for a person who is 72 is 125.8 or 126.
e. Is the procedure in part d an example of interpolation or extrapolation?
The procedure in part d is an example of an extrapolation. For the reason that the predicted
maximum exercise heart rate of 125.8 or 126 for 72 years old person is beyond the data set.