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ELECTIVES

E 1 - DESIGN OF PLATES AND SHELLS

Objectives

This course provides a brief introduction to the analysis of folded plates and knowledge about the
formation and classification of shell structures. Preliminary design is also included.

Syllabus

UNIT - I
Introduction to plate structures - Thin and thick plates - Structural action of plates - Assumptions
involved in plate theories - Differential equation for cylindrical bending of plates - Cylindrical
bending of uniformly loaded rectangular plates with simply supported and built-in edges - Small
deflection theory of laterally loaded rectangular plates - Kirchoffs boundary conditions
Corner effects

UNIT - II
- Simply supported rectangular plates under Sinu-soidal load - Navier solution - Levys method -
Symmetrical bending of laterally loaded circular plates - Circular plates with simply supported
and built-in edges - Bending of annular plates.

UNIT - III
Introduction to shell structures - Classification of shells - Membrane action - Stressed shell
element and stress resultants - Load transfer mechanism - Characteristics of shell surfaces -
Structural behaviour of shells - Membrane theory of cylindrical shells –

UNIT - IV
Bending theory of circular cylindrical shells - Comparison of various bending theories -
Introduction to other types of shells.

UNIT – V
Necessary design inputs - Detailed design - Prismatic folded plates - Circular cylindrical barrel
shell roofs - Spherical dome - Conical dome - HYPAR shell - Helicoids.

Reference Books:
1. G.S.Ramaswamy, Design & Construction of Concrete Shell Roofs
2. Stephen Timoshenko, S Woinowsky-Krieger, Theory of plates and shells, McGraw-Hill,
2003.
3. Mehdi Farshad, Design and Analysis of Shell Structures, Technology, 1992.
4. Rudolph Szilard, Theories and Applications of Plate Analysis, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley,
Chapman and Hall, 2004.
5. Binoy Kumar Chatterjee, Theory and Design of Concrete Shells, Chapman and Hall, 1988.
6. N K Bairagi, Shell Analysis, Khanna Publishers, Delhi, 1986.
7. N K Bairagi, Plate Analysis, Khanna Publishers.

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E 2 - THEORY OF ELASTICITY AND PLASTICITY

Objectives

This course is meant to analyse engineering materials for their elastic and plastic behaviour which
will enable the students to evaluate stresses and strains developed in materials more exactly.

Syllabus
UNIT – I
Basic equations - Stress and strain at a point - Generalized Hookes law - Plane stress and plane strain
- Equilibrium conditions - Compatibility conditions.

Two-dimensional problems in Cartesian Co-ordinates - Airys stress function.

UNIT – II
Three-dimensional problems - Analysis of stress and strain - Pure bending of a prismatic bar - Vector
of equilibrium equations - Kelvins solution of equilibrium equations - Use of potential functions -
Bettis method - Method of integral transforms - Simple applications.

UNIT – III
Numerical and Energy methods - Castiglianos theorem - Principle of Virtual work - Principle of
stationary potential energy - Principle of least work - Rayleighs method - Rayleigh-Ritz method-
Finite difference method - Simple applications.

UNIT - IV
Plasticity - Introduction - Plastic deformation - Mechanism - Factors affecting plastic
deformation - Strain hardening - Luders lines - Plastic stress-strain relations - Empirical equations
- Theory of plastic flow - Concept of plastic potential - Yield criteria - Yield conditions -
Experimental evidence - Geometric representation of yield criteria.

Plastic deformation in tension - S-S-Curves - Advantages of true S-S diagram - Stress in the neck
of a cylindrical specimen and in the neck of a flat plate in tension and sphere under internal
pressure - Instability in compression.

UNIT - V
Plastic bending of beams - Idealised S-S diagram - Residual stresses in plastic bending - Plastic
bending of unsymmetrical sections - Deflection under plastic bending.

Plastic Torsion - Circular and non-circular shafts - Residual stresses - Sand heap analogy - Shape
factors in torsion.

Reference Books:
1. Stephen Timoshenko, J N Goodier, Theory of Elasticity , McGraw-Hill, 2003.
2. Sadhusingh, Theory of Elasticity, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi 1988.
3. A.Nadai, Plasticity.
4. W Johnson, P B Mellor, Plasticity for Mechanical Engineers, Princeton,
Princeton, N.J.VanNostrand, 1966.

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E 3 - DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURES

Objectives

Dynamics analysis of structures becomes necessary when multistoreyed structures of tens of floors
have become common as a part of expansion and development. This course covers the fundamentals
of dynamic behaviour of multi degree freedom structural systems.

Syllabus
UNIT – I
Introduction - Comparison between static and Dynamic analysis - Basic definitions - Simple
Harmonic motion – Dalembert’s principle - Dynamic loading - Hamiltons principle – Lagrange’s
equation- Elements of a vibratory system.

UNIT – II
Single-degree-of-freedom systems - Equation of motion - Free & Forced vibrations - Response to
harmonic loading - Response to support motion.

UNIT – III
Multi-degree-of-freedom systems (Two DOF) - Equations of motion - Free & Forced vibrations -
Orthogonality relationship.

UNIT – IV
Numerical methods in Structural Dynamics - Finite Difference method - Linear Acceleration
method - Newmarks Beta - method - Rayleigh’s method – Dunkerley’s method - Stodolas method -
Matrix method - Holzer method - Myklestad method.

UNIT – V
Dynamics analysis of Beams – Inertial properties of Lumped and Consistent mass matrices –
Formulation of stiffness matrix – Formulation of damping matrix – Load vector – Formulation of
Equation of motion for cantilever beams subjected to harmonic loads.

Text Book:
1. Chopra, Anil K, Dynamics of Structures, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, 2009.

Reference Books:
1. Ray W Clough, Joseph Penzien, Dynamics of Structures, Mc Graw-Hill, 1975.

2. Demeter G Fertis, Dynamics and Vibration of Structures, Wiley, 1973.

3. Mario Paz, Structural Dynamics: Theory and Computation, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.

4. Roy R Craig, Structural Dynamics: An Introduction to Computer Methods, Wiley, 1981.

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E 4 - DESIGN OF LOAD BEARING MASONRY

Objectives

Masonry structures need not always be less strong in comparison to structures constructed with other
materials. If proper principles of analysis and design are scientifically adopted and innovative
approach is followed, masonry structures can be as strong and functional as other structures. This
course deals with the scientific approach to be followed in the design of masonry structures.

Syllabus

UNIT - I
Historical development - Classification of masonry construction - Codes and standards - Types of
masonry walls - Bricks, Mortar, Grout and Steel reinforcement - Characteristics and Requirements -
Loads types and intensities - Basic design data.

UNIT – II
Basis of reinforced masonry design - Resistance to axial load, bending, shear - Design of
reinforced masonry walls, masonry beams, masonry columns and masonry retaining walls -
Detailing of reinforced masonry.

UNIT – III
Basis of prestressed masonry design - Basic principles - Design strength - Vertical and Horizontal
shear stress - Principal tensile stress - Design of cavity walls, Fin walls, Diaphragm retaining walls
and Post-tensioned beams - Detailing of prestressed masonry.

UNIT – IV
Connections and joints - Connection resistance - Design considerations - Connection details - Types
- Seismic separations - Control joints - Expansion joints.

UNIT – V
High-rise masonry - Design factors - Reinforcing details - Floor systems - Construction techniques.

Reference Books:
1. Robert R Schneider, Walter L Dickey, Reinforced Masonry Design, Englewood
Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1980.
2. W G Curtin, G Shaw, J K Beck, Design of Reinforced and Prestressed Masonry, Thomas
Telford, 1988.
3. F. B. Johnson, Design, Engineering and Computation with Masonry Products.
4. A W Hendry, B P Sinha, S R Davies, An Introduction to Load Bearing Brickwork Design,
Chichester, E.Horwood, Halsted Press, 1981.
5. David Lenczher, Elements of Load Bearing Brick Work Design.
6. P Dayaratnam, Brick and Reinforced Brick Structures, M. Primlani for Oxford & IBH Distributed
by South Asia Books, 1987.

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E 5 - TALL BUILDINGS

Objectives

Tall structures and buildings are no longer few and far between in modern days. Hence an
understanding of the types and principles of analysis and design is essential to be a successful
structural engineer. This course covers structural forms adopted, analysis and design practices for
static and dynamic loading.
Syllabus
UNIT – I
General - Factors affecting growth, height and structural form - Design philosophy - Loading -
Gravity loading - Wind loading - Earthquake loading - Combinations of loading - Strength and
Stability - Stiffness and Drift limitations - Human comfort criteria- Creep effects - Shrinkage effects
- Temperature effects - Fire - Foundation settlement - Soil-structure interaction.

Structural forms - R.C.floor systems - One-way slab on beams and girders - Two-way flat slab -
Two-way flat plate - Waffle flat slabs - Two-way slab and beam - Steel framing floor systems -
One-way beam system - Two-way beam system - Three-way beam system - Composite steel -
Concrete floor systems.

Modeling for analysis - Assumptions - Modeling for approximate analyses - Modeling for accurate
analysis - Reduction techniques.

UNIT - II
Structural forms - Braced frames (Types, Behaviour and analysis methods) - Rigid frame
structures (Behaviour and analysis methods) - Infilled frame structures (Behaviour, analysis &
design)

UNIT - III
Shear wall structures (Behaviour and analysis) - Coupled shear wall structures (Behaviour and
analysis) - Wall-frame structures (Behaviour and analysis) - Tubular structures (Behaviour) -
Core structures - Outrigger-braced structures.

UNIT - IV
Stability of tall buildings - Overall buckling analysis of frames (approximate methods) - Overall
buckling analysis of wall frames - Second order effects of gravity loading - Translational - Torsional
instability - Out-of-plumb effects - Effects of foundation rotation - Creep and Shrinkage effects -
Temperature effects.

UNIT – V
Dynamic analysis - Response to wind loading - Along-wind response - Across-wind response -
Estimation of natural frequencies & damping - Types of excitation - Design to minimise dynamic
response - Response to earthquake motions - Response to ground accelerations - Response
spectrum analysis - Estimation of natural frequencies and damping - Human response to building
motions.

Reference Books:
1. Bryan Stafford Smith, Alex Coull, Tall Building Structures, Analysis and Design,
(Hardcover) Wiley-Interscience; Ist Edition (July 3, 1991).
2. Angus J MacDonald, Wind Loading on Buildings, Wiley, [1975]
3. Robert E Englekirk, Gary C Hart, Concrete Masonry Association of California
and Nevada, Earthquake Design of Concrete Masonry Buildings, Englewood Cliffs,
N.J.Prentice- Hall, 1982,1984.
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4. T V Lawson, Wind Effects on Buildings, Applied Science Publishers, 1980.

5. Alan Garnett Davenport, Wind Loads on Structures, National Research Council
Canada, 1960.

E 6 - BRIDGE ENGINEERING

Objectives

Bridge engineering is a specialized area in structural engineering practice. In this course, the students
are taught the classification, loading standards and analysis and design of different types of bridges.

Syllabus
UNIT – I
Introduction - General - Loading standards - Highway and Railway bridge loading standards -
R.C.Slab culverts - Analysis & Design - Skew slab culverts - Analysis and design.

UNIT – II
Pipe culverts - General features - Classification - Analysis and design - Box culverts - General
features - Analysis and design.

UNIT – III
Tee beam and slab bridges - General features - Pigeauds curves - Courbons theory - Detailed
design and detailing - Balanced cantilever bridges - Bowstring girder bridges - Advantages -
General features - Design principles only.

UNIT – IV
Prestressed concrete bridges - Preliminary dimensions - Flexural and torsional parameters - Design
of girder section - Maximum and minimum prestressed forces - Eccentricity - Dead load and Live
load moments and shears - Cable zone in girder - Check for stresses - Diaphragms - End block -
Short-term and long-term deflections.

UNIT – V
Steel bridges - Plate girder bridges - Design principles - Detailed design - Truss girder bridges -
Bridge bearings - Plate, Roller and Rocker bearings - Elastomeric bearings.

Reference Books:
1. D Johnson Victor, Essentials of Bridge Engineering, Oxford & IBH Pub. Co.,2001.

2. N Krishna Raju , Design of Bridges, Oxford & IBH, 1988.

3. N.Rajagopalan, Bridge Super Structure, Narasa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, First Edition,
2006.
4. S Ponnuswamy, Bridge Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1986.

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E 7 - OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Objectives

Off shore structures are not uncommon with the sources of energy running out and search for oil is
on the increase. This course deals with the classification of off shore platforms, loads to be
considered in the design and static and dynamic analysis of off shore structures.

Syllabus
UNIT -I
Introduction - Ocean environment - Offshore platforms - Classification - Constructional features.

UNIT – II
Environmental loadings - Wind forces - Ocean surface waves and their analysis - Wave forces on
vertical piles - Wave forces on arbitrarily oriented cylinders - Maximum wave force on an offshore
structure - Joint loads from wave forces - Buoyant forces - Current loadings.

UNIT – III
Static methods of analysis - Analysis of steel offshore structures - Analysis of offshore concrete
platforms.

UNIT – IV
Foundation analysis - Soil characteristics - Piles for template structures - Elastic response of piles
to axial loading – Response of piles to cyclic lateral loading - Stiffness properties of equivalent
free-standing piles - Footings for offshore structures - Resistance of footings to sliding - Design of
footings subjected to general loading conditions - Elastic response of footings - Settlement of
foundations.

UNIT – V
Dynamics offshore structures - Lumped description of wave forces - Governing dynamic equations -
Modal method of solution - Iterative method of mode calculations - Stress analysis - Dynamic
response in random waves - Response to earthquake loadings.

Reference Books:
1. Thomas H Dawson, Offshore structural Engineering, Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice- Hall,
1983.
2. Ben C Gerwick, Construction of Off-Shore Structures, Wiley, 1986.
3. W J Graff, Introduction to Off-Shore Structures, Design, Fabrication,
Installation, Houston, Gulf Co., Book Division, 1981.

E 8 - ADVANCES IN CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

Objectives

This course is aimed at furtherance of knowledge in concrete technology. This course is concerned
with different types of special concretes like fibre reinforced concrete, special concreting techniques
and non destructive testing procedures for concrete structures.

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Syllabus
UNIT – I
Cementitious additions – pozzolanic reaction and concrete – use of fly ash, GGPS, silica fume,
metkaolin in concrete – concept of mix proportioning for special concretes – Light weight concrete –
no-fine concrete – aerated and foamed concrete – light weight aggregate concrete – high density
concrete – High Strength Concrete (HSC) – High Performance Concrete (HPC) – Self Compacting
Concrete (SCC) – Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) - Recycled concrete.

UNIT – II
Fibre reinforced concrete – principles of fibre reinforcement in flexure – properties of fibres and
matrices – Mix proportioning – composite manufacturing – properties of fresh and hardened fibre
reinforced concrete – durability – applications.

UNIT – III
Ferrocement – historical development – constituent materials – construction procedures –
mechanical properties – durability – design of ferrocement product – applications.

UNIT – IV
Specialised concreting techniques – cold weather concreting – hot weather concreting – sprayed
concrete – grouts and grouting – pumped concrete – guniting and shortcreting – slipform.

UNIT – V
Non-destructive testing techniques – surface hardness methods – penetration resistance techniques –
pullout tests – resonant frequency method – pulse velocity method – method for assessing properties
other than strength – core tests – diagnosis, inspection, testing and repair of reinforced concrete
structures.

Text Books:
1. Mehta, P.K., and Monteiro, P.J.M., Concrete, Microstructure, Properties and Materials, Indian
Concrete Institute, 1997.
2. Shetty, M.S., Concrete Technology, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2002.

Reference Books:
1. Adam M Neville, Properties of concrete, Marshfield, Mass, Pitman Publications
1981.
2. John Newman and Ban Seng Choo, Advanced Concrete Technology (Vol. I to VI), Elsevier,
London (2003)

E 9 - INTRODUCTION TO SOIL DYNAMICS AND MACHINE FOUNDATIONS

Objectives

Structures subjected to dynamic loads in turn affect the foundations and the soil below. Hence
knowledge of dynamic behaviour of soils and foundations will go a long way in the design of
structural systems subjected to dynamic loads. This course deals with the principles of analysis and
design of foundations subjected to dynamic loads.

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Syllabus

UNIT – I
Introduction - Nature of dynamic loads - Vibration of elementary system - SDOF system - Free
and Forced vibrations - Effect of damping - Vibration measuring techniques.

UNIT – II
Waves and Wave propagation - Compression, shear and Rayleigh waves- Waves in elastic half
space.

Dynamic properties of soils - Determination of soil coefficients - Field tests - Typical values of soil
constants - Effect of vibration on dissipative properties of soil - Codal provisions.

UNIT - III
Machine foundations - Types - General requirements - Design parameters - Design criteria and Codal
provisions for reciprocating and rotary type machines

UNIT - IV
General requirements - Design parameters - Design criteria for impact type machines Codal
provisions - Constructional details of machine foundations.

UNIT - V
Vibration isolation - Passive and Active isolation - Mechanical isolation - Foundation isolation -
Isolation by locations and barriers.

Reference Books:
1. P Srinivasulu, C.V.Vaidyanathan, Handbook of Machine Foundations, McGraw- Hill, 1977.
2. Shamsher Prakash and Vijay Puri, Foundations for Machines, Wiley, 1987.
3. P J Moore, Analysis and Design of Foundations for Vibrations
4. F E Richart, John R Hall, R D Woods, Vibrations of Soils and Foundations, Englewood
Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall [1970].

E 10 - SERVICES IN HIGHRISE BUILDINGS

Objectives

High rise buildings are a pleasure to watch, but they are made a pleasure to live in only when the
functional requirements are adequately provided through proper ventilation, sanitation and water
supply in addition to safety measures during calamities like fire. This course covers the principles
and practices to be followed in the provision of good service systems.

Syllabus
UNIT I
Planning of building services - Important considerations - Floor loadings -Building cost - Material
requirements.

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UNIT II
Water supply services - Collection and examination of water samples - Standards - Internal storage
and distribution - Bulk water supply - Water treatment - Selection of pumps - Pump rooms and
sump.

UNIT III
Sanitation services - Sewerage collection and disposal - Storm water drains - Sewage disposal -
Septic tanks - Solid waste disposal - Refuse disposal systems.

UNIT IV
Lift and Escalators - Types - Selection - Codes and Rules - Structural provisions - Strength
considerations - Pits and overheads - Safety precautions.

UNIT V
Air-conditioning - Provisions in buildings - Systems.

Acoustics - Noise in buildings - Noise control - Materials -Methods.

Fire fighting services - Classification - Modes of fire - First- aid - Fighting installations - Fire
extinguishers - Provisions in building from fire safety angle - Codes and rules.

Reference Books:
1. Jain, Er. VK, Designing and Installation of Services in Building. Complexes & High Rise
Buildings, Khanna Publishers, 1994.
2. Cyril M Harris, Handbook of Utilities and Services for Buildings: Planning, Design, and
Installation, McGraw- Hill, 1990.

E 11 - BUILDING ARCHITECTURE

Objectives

Architecture plays a major role in structural engineering practice as the needs and aspirations of the
clients increase and improve. This course is an introductory course on the principles of architectural
design of structures which when followed results in not only safe and stable structures but also
beautiful structures. A thing of beauty is a joy for ever, aint it?

Syllabus
UNIT –I
Introduction - Development of architectural forms and structure - Factors influencing architecture -
Climate, Materials, Socio, Cultural and Technological.

UNIT - II
Basic principles - Concepts of beauty, unity, balance, composition, rhythm, harmony, style,
character, integration, scale, proportion, contrast, shape and structure.

UNIT – III
Colour and aesthetic responses - Formal and informal organisation of solids and voids.

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UNIT – IV
Design approach - Basic approach to design of residential and commercial buildings.

UNIT - V
Recent architecture - Contributions of master builders like Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyed wright,
Mies Van Der Robe, Buckminister Fuller, Pier Ruigi Nervi.

Reference Books:
1. Frank Ching, Architecture, Form, Space & Order, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1979.
2. Joseph De Chiara, John Hancock Callender, Time-Saver Standards for Building Types, McGraw-
Hill International Book, 1983.
3. Banister Fletcher, J C Palmes, A History of Architecture, Scribner, 1975.
4. S Giedion, Space, Time and Architecture: The growth of a new tradition, Harvard
University Press, 1947.

E 12 - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Objectives

In the design of intelligent and smart structures, use of artificial intelligence techniques becomes an
integral part of structural design. This course is an introductory course to the principles and
applications of artificial intelligence in structural engineering.

Syllabus
UNIT – I
Definition - The AI problems - Assumptions - AI techniques - Defining a problem as a state
space search - Production systems - Problem characteristics - Production system characteristics.

Heuristic search techniques - Hill climbing - Best-First search - Branch and Bound Search - Problem
reduction - Constraint satisfaction - Means - Ends analysis.

UNIT – II
Knowledge Representation and Mappings - Approaches - Issues - Representing simple facts in
logic - Representing Instance and Isa relationships - Resolution - Natural Deduction.
Representing knowledge using rules - Logic programming - Forward Vs Backward Reasoning -
Matching and Control knowledge.

UNIT – III
Symbolic reasoning under uncertainities - Nonmonotonic reasoning - Logics for nonmonotonic
reasoning - Implementation issues - Aug- menting a problem solver - Implementation of Depth -
Implementation of Breadth - First search - Statistical Reasoning - Probability and Bayes Theorem -
Certainity factors and Rule - Based systems - Bayesian Networks - Fuzzy logic - Sementic Nets -
Frames - Conceptual Dependency - Scripts - CYC.

UNIT – IV
Overview of planning - An example domain;
The blocks world - Components of a planning system - Goal stack planning.

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Introduction to learning - Rote learning - Learning by taking advice - Learning in problem

solving - Learning by parameter adjustment - Learning with macro operators - Learning from
examples - Introduction - Winstons learning program.

Introduction to expert systems (ES) - Components of an ES - Features of an ES - ES categories -

Developing and using an ES - Nodel based ES - Introductory ideas of natural language
processing, Computer vision and neural networks.

UNIT – V
Elements of PROLOG - Facts - Objects - Predicates - Variables - Bound and free variables -
Anonymous variables - Rules - Execution and control.
Fail and back tracking - Concept of recursion - The repeat predicate - The cut predicate.
Input and output in PROLOG - Readln - Write predicates - Writef predicate - Structures and trees
- Lists - Recursive search map- ping - Recursive
comparison - Joining structures together.

Reference Books:
1. Elaine Rich, Artificial intelligence, Auckland [etc.]: McGraw-Hill, 1984.
2. Nils J Nilsson, Principles of artificial intelligence, Palo Alto, Calif.: Tioga Pub. Co., 1980.
3. Henry C Mishkoff, Buchanan, Understanding Artificial Intelligence, Indianapolis,
H.W. Sams & Co., 1985.
4. Patrick Henry Winston, Artificial Intelligence: Instructors Manual, Reading, Mass
Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1992.
5. Carl Townsend, Introduction to Turbo Prolog, Berkeley, Sybex, 1987.
6. W F Clocksin, C S Mellish, Programming in Prolog, Springer- Verlag, 1987.

E 13 - DISASTER RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES

Objectives

Disaster resistant design of structures is the current area of interest in structural engineering practice
in the wake of recent calamities like the Bhuj earthquake, Tsunamis and Kathrinas. This course is
aimed at preparing the students to tackle such exigencies by a proper design of structures taking into
consideration the forces involved appropriately.

Syllabus -1
UNIT - I
Earthquake resistant design of structures - Introduction – About earthquakes.
Site response to earthquakes:- Soil conditions - Site investigations - Soil tests - Dynamic design
criteria for a given site.
Structural form determination:- Form of the Superstructure – Form of the Substructure.
Structural response to earthquakes:- Response of structural materials - Methods of seismic
analysis - Codal provisions.

UNIT - II
Structural design and detailing for earthquake resistance:- Insitu R.C. Design and detail - Precast
concrete detail - PSC design and detail - Masonry design and detail - Steelwork design and detail.

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Architectural detailing for earthquake resistance: - Non - structural infills and partitions - Cladding
- Doors and Windows - Other miscellaneous architectural details.

UNIT - III
Wind resistant design of structures:- Introduction - About wind.
Wind pressure forces on buildings:- Wind forces on buildings - Wind forces on lattice structures.
Design of buildings to resist wind:- General - R.C. buildings -Steel frame buildings - Brickwork
buildings.

UNIT - IV
Dynamics of Structures: - SDOF Systems - MDOF Systems - Response of structures to random
loads.
Dynamic effect of wind on buildings:- General - Types of excitation - Design to minimize dynamic
response.

UNIT – V
Blast resistant design of structures - Introduction - Blast force on structures - Response of structures
to blast loading - Loads - Stresses - Planning for blast resistant buildings.

Reference Books:
1. Chopra Anil K. Dynamics of Structures, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited
2. H A Buchholdt, Structural Dynamics for Engineers, Thomas Telford, 1997.
3. D J Dowrick, Earthquake Resistant Design, Wiley, 1977.
4. Robert E Englekirk, Gary C Hart, Earthquake Design of Concrete Masonry Buildings,
Englewood Cliffs, N.J, Prentice-Hall, 1982.
5. Angus J MacDonald, Wind Loading on Buildings, Wiley, [1975]
6. T V Lawson, Wind Effects on Buildings, Applied Science Publishers, 1980.
7. Alan Garnett Davenport, Wind Loads on Structures, National Research Council Canada, 1960.

E 14 - ECONOMICS AND FINANCE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS

Objectives
Business acumen and a deep insight in economics is imminent to be successful in civil engineering
practice. This course teaches the basics of economics, finance and accounting necessary for a civil
engineering enterprise to be successful and profitable.

Syllabus
UNIT – I
Economics - Role of Civil Engineering in Industrial development - Support matters of economy as
related to Engineering - Market demand & supply - Choice of technology - Quality control and
production - Audit in economic law of returns governing production.

UNIT – II
Land and construction economics - Urban land use and values -Construction development in
housing, transport and other infrastructures - Economics of ecology, environment, energy
resources, local material selection, form and functional designs - Construction workers - Urban
problems - Poverty - Migration - Unemployment- Pollution.

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UNIT – III
Financing - Need for financial management - Types of financing - Short-term and Long-term
borrowing - Leasing - Equity financing - Internal generation of funds - External commercial
borrowings - Assistance from government - International financial corporations - Analysis of
financial statements - Balance sheet - Profit and loss account - Funds flow statement - Ratio
analysis - Investment and Financing decision - Financial control - Job control - Centralised
management.

UNIT – IV
Accounting method - General - Cash basis of accounting - Accrual basis of accounting -
Percentage completion method - Completed contract method - Accounting for tax reporting
purposes and financial reporting purposes.

UNIT – V
Lending to contractors - Loans to contractors - Interim construction financing - Security and Risk
aspects - Principles of BOT - Relevance of BOT in the Indian context.

Reference Books:
1. Werner Zvi Hirsch, Urban Economic Analysis, McGraw-Hill [1973].
2. P.K. Joy, Total Project Management –The Indian Context.
3. Kwaku A Tenah, Jose M Guevara, Fundamentals of Construction Management and Organization

E 15 - GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES

Objectives

This course teaches the advancement in the subsoil stabilization in a modern approach. The real
problem, methods of improvement over such problems and the methodology are dealt.
Syllabus
UNIT - I
Introduction - Methods of ground improvement - Geotechnical problems in alluvial, lateritic
and BC soils - Selection of suitable ground improvement methods based on soil conditions.

UNIT – II
Drainage and dewatering - Drainage techniques - Vaccum and electro - osmatic methods - Seepage
analysis for 2D flow fully and partially penetrating slots in homogeneous deposits.

UNIT – III
Insitu treatment of granular and cohesive soils - Insitu densification of granular soils -
consolidation of cohesive soils - Dynamic compaction and consolidation - Vibrofloatation -
Sand pile compaction - Preloading with sand drains and fabric drains - Stone columns - Lime piles
- Relative merits of various methods and their limitations.

UNIT – IV
Earth reinforcement - concept - Types of reinforcing materials - Application of reinforced earth -
Geotextiles in filtration drainage - Separation and road works.

UNIT – V
Grouting techniques - Grouting equipments and machinery - Injection methods - Grout monitoring -
Stabilization with cement, lime and chemicals - Stabilization of expansive soils.
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Reference Books:
1. Robert M Koerner, Construction and Geotechnical Methods in Foundation
Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1984.
2. Mike Moseley, Klaus Kirsch, Ground Improvement, Spon, 2003.
3. Colin J F P Jones, Earth Reinforcement and Soil Structures, London; Boston:
Butterworths, 1985.
4. R F Craig, Soil Mechanics, Fifth edition, Chapman & Hall, 1992.

E 16 - ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

Objectives

Knowledge of geology and topography is supplementary in the design of structures in difficult

terrain. This course is aimed at covering the principles of Mineralogy, Petrology, Structural Geology,
Hydrology and Engineering Geology useful in the design of structures.

Syllabus
UNIT-I : Mineralogy
Principal physical properties of minerals - chief characteristics of rocks forming minerals - quartz,
felpsar, mica, phyroxene, amphiboles, olivine, garnet, eqidote, paryl and other important
minerals.

UNIT – II: Petrology

Rock igneous sedimentary and metamorphic - mode of formation of igneous rocks, structures of
igneous rocks - important igneous rocks - granite, synite, diorite, obsidiam,pumice, tracytesite,
basalt.

Mode of formation and classification - sandstone - limestone - laterite - metamorphic rocks -

mode of formation - important types.

UNIT – III: Structural Geology

Dip Strike, folds, outlier, inlier, joints, unconformity, and overlap - chief forms of igneous bodies.

UNIT – IV: Engineering Geology

Earthquake - causes - effects - intensity - magnitude distribution - Seismographs - Seismic zones of
India.

UNIT – V:
Geological condition necessary for dams, reservoirs, cutting and tunnels. Landslides, stability of
slopes and slides affecting cutting and embankment - prevention of landslide and soil erosion - soil
conservation.

Hydrology
Geology and occurrence of ground water - underground circulations -Artesian wells.
Geological conditions necessary of dams - reservoirs - Alignment of Tunneling.

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Reference Books:
1. Pratip Kumar Mukerjee, A Textbook of Geology, Calcutta, World Press, 1962.
2. Santhosh Kumar Garg, Geology, The Science of the Earth, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
3. F G H Blyth; M H De Freitas, Geology for Engineers, Elsevier: Sole distributors in the United
States and Canada Elsevier Science, 1984.
4. Robert Ferguson Legget, Geology and Engineering. With a foreword by P.G.H. Boswell,
McGraw- Hill 1939.
5. Heinrich Ries, Thomas L Watson, Engineering Geology, J.Wiley & Sons, inc.; London,
Chapman & Hall, limited, 1948.
6. Dimitri Pavlovitch Krynine, William R Judd, Principles of Engineering Geology and
Geotechnics, McGraw-Hill, 1957.

E 17 ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Objectives

 Develop an entrepreneurship sprit

 Help to identify business opportunities within an organization or independently
 Initiate action on the business plan from the prospective business through EDC

Syllabus
Unit – I: INTRODUCTION
Introduction to the course entrepreneurship definition, nature and importance. Theories of
entrepreneurship. Types and barriers to entrepreneurship. Corporate entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship versus managers. Motivation converting dream to reality. Role of networks.
Entrepreneurship – emerging scenario.

Unit – II: IDEA GENERATION

Entrepreneurship and Innovation. Innovation and imaging innovation. The role of incubation in
innovation. Innovation diffusion. Idea to an entity – business ideas and opportunity. Idea generation
workshop.

UNIT – III: FUNCTIONAL AREAS

Communication for business. Products and markets negotiation skills. IT for entrepreneurs. People
issues in entrepreneurship. Ethics for entrepreneurs. Financing the new business - venture capitalists,
financial institutions and banks. Guest Lecture Series.

UNIT – IV: DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS

World Trade Organization (WTO), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Trade Related
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Teclmol9gy acquisition and Intellectual property
rights. Role of agencies involved in promoting and assisting SSI units and facilities offered.

UNIT – V: BUSINESS PLAN

Objectives of business plan, contents - Executive summary, product / service and competition, major
sections - measurement of objectives, market analysis, micro environmental influences, financial
analysis, management analysis, human resource analysis. Critical risk and contingencies. Summary
and conclusions.
Business plan preparation - Mini project work.

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Text Book:
1. Hisrich, Entrepreneurship (5th Edition), Tata Mc Graw Hill, New Delhi.

Reference Books:
1. Madhurina Lall , Shikha Salmi ,Entrepreneurship ,Excel Books New Delhi.
2. Sexton , Landstrom, Handbook of entrepreneurship
3. Peter Drucker, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, HRB Publication.
4. William L. Megginson, Small Business Management, Mc Graw Hill (International).
5. Kondaiah, Entrepreneurship in the new millennium, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
6. Jeffry A Timmons, New Venture Creation, Mc Graw Hill (International).

WEB SITES

www.entrepreneurship.com
www.ncoe.org
www.nfte.com
www.icbs.org
www.esbri.se
www.entrepreneurship.mit.edu
www.entrepreneurship.hbs.edu
www.entreworld.com
www.entrepreneurship.berkeley.edu
www.meindia.com
www.sidbi.com

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