Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION BALANGA CITY
BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Balanga, Bataan
MODULE 1: THE MEANING AND
METHOD OF DOING PHILOSOPHY
Learning Competency:
1. Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial
point of view (PPT11/12-Ia-1.1)
2. Realize the value of doing Philosophy in obtaining
a broad perspective in life (PPT11/12-Ib-1.
Philosophy came from the Greek words “philo” which
means love and “sophia” which means wisdom. In its
sense, Philosophy (Philosophiain Greek) means “love of
wisdom. (Mabaquiao, 2016). Philosopher therefore is a
lover of wisdom or someone who loves wisdom. In ancient
Greeks, the lovers of wisdom (Philosophers) were the
pioneers in different fields knowledge such s history,
science, medicine, mathematics, and many more. (Abella,
2016)
Philosophy as the love of wisdom, aims to search for wisdom.
In searching for wisdom, Philosophers also seek for truth.
Being wise is knowing when you know the truth and when
you don’t know it. Truth is a kind of property whose
opposite is falsity. (Mabaquiao, 2016)
When discussing about truth, it is important to define
knowledge because through knowing we will be able to know
what is true (Abella, 2016). Knowledge can be defined as the
awareness and understanding of something. It is a product of
questions that allow for clear answers provided by facts.
there are ways on knowing if something is true. First, a
statement is true if it can be justified or proven through the use
of one’s senses. Second, a statement or belief is true if it is
based on facts. Third, a statement or belief is true if it can be
proven through an action. Philosophers also believe that
claims and beliefs must be subjective to test to determine
truth.
Knowledge consist of ideas and beliefs that we know to be
true (Abella, 2016). On the other hand, propositions or
statements that are observed to be real or truthful are
considered facts.
Claims are statements that are not evidently known to be true.
With this, one can say that truthful statements are based on
facts and a claim needs to be proven by verification and
experimentation in order to be considered as true.
Men in nature has the “sense of wonder” which enables
them to ponder on some of the most enduring questions
about human existence. These are called “big questions” in
life. Some of these questions are; 1) what is the meaning of
your life? 2) Do you have free will? and 3) Does God exist?
Holistic thinking-a perspective that considers large-scale
patterns in systems. This is often describe as looking at the
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“big picture” when describing and analyzing a situation or
problem. A holistic perspective requires an individual to
have an open mindset and an ability to get the general sense
or impression regarding a situation.(Abella, 2016)
Partial thinking-focuses on specific aspect of a situation.
The partial view is an important component of analytical
thinking, as an individual focuses on certain areas or aspect
of a problem in order to understand it. Though partial
thinking is useful, philosophy utilizes holistic thinking in
making sense of problems and issues related to the human
experience.(Abella, 2016)
Reflection-an activity that requires a person to examine his
or her thoughts, feelings, and actions and learn from
experiences in life.
The need to philosophize is driven by the love for wisdom. To
love wisdom is to have an insatiable desire for truth.
Philosophy itself is a distinct area of knowledge with its own
goals, concerns, and ways of doing things.
The following are the branches of philosophy that deals
with a particular aspect of life or phenomena.
Aesthetics is the branch of Philosophy which deals with
beauty and what makes things “beautiful”.
Logic is branch of philosophy which deals with correct
reasoning.
Epistemology discusses the nature of knowledge and
knowing.
Ethics is the branch which deals with moral questions and
dilemmas.
Political Philosophy studies governments and deals with
questions of justice, power and the rights and obligations
of citizens.
Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy which deals with
questions regarding reality and existence.
Philosophy of the Human Person-is an area in philosophy
that understand the human person from a philosophical
perspective.
Reflection is vital in ensuring that our actions and decisions
are well thought out and are done with due regard for their
implications and consequences on ourselves, others, and
our surroundings.
When we reflect, we can judge whether our actions or
decisions are reasonable or not.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION BALANGA CITY
BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Balanga, Bataan

Doing Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical MODULE 2 METHODS OF

analysis and interpretation of concepts, definitions, PHILOSOPHIZING
arguments, and problems.
Doing Philosophy also improves problem-solving and
decision making. The ability to analyze a problem or Learning Competency:
dilemma, identify the significant aspects, and come up with 1. Distinguish opinion from truth (PPT11/12- Ic-2.1)
alternative solutions is an important skill learned through 2. Realize that the methods of Philosophy
philosophy. lead to wisdom and truth (PPT11/12-Id-2.3)
3. Evaluate truth from opinions in different situations
In the process of doing philosophy, it is critical to have a using the methods of philosophizing
holistic point of view-the perception of looking at all
aspects of a situation first before making a conclusion. Philosophical method (or philosophical
methodology) is the study of how to do philosophy. A
Wisdom as it refers to a person’s ability to apply common view among philosophers is that philosophy is
knowledge to daily life particularly in making sound distinguished by the ways that philosophers follow in
choices and judgment is the intended product of addressing philosophical questions. There is not just one
philosophizing method that philosophers use to answer philosophical
questions.
Philosophy is concerned with determining the concept of truth.
Truth lies at the heart of any inquiry.

Truth in metaphysics and the philosophy of language is the

property of sentences, assertions, beliefs, thoughts, or
propositions that are said, in ordinary discourse, to agree
with the facts or to state what the case is. It is most often
used to mean being in accord with fact or reality, or fidelity
to an original or standard. Truth is also sometimes defined
in modern contexts as an idea of "truth to self", or authenticity.
1st Quarter, Week 1 – Activity 1:
(THE MEANING & PROCESSES OF DOING Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of
PHILOSOPHY) something. It is the product of questions that allow for clear
answers provided by facts.
DIRECTION. Explain each Filipino Belief System briefly.
Propositions is a statement about the world or reality.
State whether you believe them or not then explain why or
Propositions may or may not carry truth.
why you do not believe them.
Knowledge is the clear awareness and understanding of
something. It is the product of questions that allow for clear
Filipino answers provided by facts.
Belief Definition Agree/Disagree Explanation
System Facts are propositions or statement which are observe to be
real or truthful.
Fiesta Fever
Claim is a statement that is not evidently or immediately
known to be true. This means that any claim can be proven by
verification and experimentation
Extreme Therefore, truthful statements can be considered as based
Family Ties on facts.

There are several views regarding truth. Philosophers

Pamanhikan
emphasize the importance of belief as a basis for
determining truth. But as a philosopher, we do not assume
Superstitious that every statement is true. Remember the famous French
Beliefs philosopher, Rene Descartes traced the need to
philosophize to doubt.
Pagmamano In philosophy, systematic doubt is employed to help
determine the truth. This means that every statement,
claim, evidence, and experience is scrutinized and
analyzed.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION BALANGA CITY
BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Balanga, Bataan
Philosophers always engaged with the concept of truth.
Philosophers consider truth as a kind of quality or value.
A belief is true if it can be justified or proven
through the use of one’s senses. Another basis for
determining truth is a belief or statement is true if it is based
on facts.
Getting consensus or having people agree on a
common belief is another way of determining what is true.
Although this approach has certain limitations. Getting
everyone to agree on something may not take that belief true.
Fact is something concrete that can be proven. You can find
facts in legal records, scientific findings, encyclopedias,
atlases, etc. In other words, facts are the truth and are accepted
as such.
Opinion is less concrete. It's a view formed in the mind of a
person about a particular issue. In other words it is what
someone believes or thinks, and is not necessarily the truth.
Examples of an opinion:
 Ann can have the opinion that Italian food tastes best,
while Joe has the opinion that French food is ideal.
 Sue can have the opinion that reading is boring, while
Mike can have the opinion that reading is fun.
 Penny can have the opinion that cold weather is
better, while Tim can prefer hot weather.
Opinions are statement that go beyond providing facts. A
conclusion is a judgment based on certain facts. Beliefs are
statements that expresses convictions that are
not easily and clearly explained by facts.
Explanations are statements that assume the claim to be true
and provide reasons why the statement is true.
Arguments are series of statements that provide reasons to
convince the reader or listener that a claim or opinion is
truthful.
Fallacies are arguments based on faulty reasoning.
Bias is disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea
or thing, usually in a way that is closed-minded, prejudicial, or
unfair.
The facts that form the bases of a conclusion may not be
disputed but the conclusion itself could still be contested or
questioned. To judge the truthfulness of belief, we must
also consider things such a person’s experiences and views.
Facts are statements that are observed to be real or
truthful. Claims are statements that require further
examination to determine their truthfulness. Some
arguments may contain fallacies. We must be aware of
the various kinds of fallacies as these affect the validity of
arguments. Opinions are often influenced by bias. We must be
aware of bias so that we can objectively and critically examine
points of view.
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Opinion is something intermediary between knowledge and
ignorance. While Public opinion is the intermediate faculty
which seizes the things that float between the two extremes
(Plato)
Opinion applies to what, being true or false, may be other than
it is: in fact, opinion is the apprehension of an immediate and
unnecessary premise (Aristotle)
Opinion, founded in the probable, perhaps also the name of
knowledge (Leibniz) Opinion is a belief that is
conscious of being insufficient both subjectively and
objectively (Kant)
An opinion gives for truth something that has been
said, although sometimes they are absurd words, which
mean nothing, impossible to understand (Hobbes)
Public opinion is the convergence of the opinions of the
greatest number of people in a community, so that they form
a common and dominant feeling, exerting diffuse pressure
(Freud)
The following are the examples of fallacies.
1. Ad hominem- Attacking the person presenting the argument
instead of the argument itself.
2. Appeal to force- using the threat of force or an
undesirable event to advance an argument.
3. Appeal to emotion- using emotions such as pity or
sympathy.
4. Appeal to the popular-the idea is presented as acceptable
because a lot of people accept it.
5. Appeal to tradition- the idea is acceptable
because it has been true for a long time. Begging the question-
assuming the thing or idea to be proven is true; also known as
circular argument.
6. Cause-and-effect- assuming “cause-and-effect”
relationship between unrelated events
7. Fallacy of composition- assuming that what is
true of a part is true for the whole
8. Fallacy of division- assuming that what is true for the whole
is true for its parts.
Philosophy as the love of wisdom, aims to search for
wisdom. In searching for wisdom, Philosophers also seek for
truth. Being wise is knowing when you know the truth and
when you don’t know it. Truth is a kind of property whose
opposite is falsity. (Mabaquiao, 2016)
When discussing about truth, it is important to define
knowledge because through knowing we will be able to
know what is true (Abella, 2016). Knowledge can be
defined as the awareness and understanding of something. It
is a product of questions that allow for clear answers
provided by facts. Knowledge consist of ideas and beliefs
that we know to be true (Abella, 2016). On the other hand,
propositions or statements that are observed to be real or
truthful are considered facts. Claims are statements that are
not evidently known to be true. With this, one can say that
truthful statements are based on facts and a claim needs to be
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION BALANGA CITY
BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Balanga, Bataan

proven by verification and experimentation in order to be DIRECTION. Read the poem written by John Godfrey Saxe’s
considered as true. on the classic Indian Legend of the Six Blind Men and the
Elephant.
The methods of philosophy will help to learn the process of
doing philosophy in a systematic way. On the other hand,
philosophizing is to think or express oneself in a
philosophical manner.

Although philosophy is an organized body of The Six Blind Men and the Elephant
knowledge, the subject matter of philosophy is
questions, which have three major characteristics; It was six men of Indostan,
1. Philosophical questions have answers, but the answers To learning much inclined,
remain in dispute. Who went to see the Elephant
2. Philosophical questions cannot be settled by science, (Though all of them were blind),
common sense, or faith. That each by observation
3. Philosophical questions are of perennial intellectual interest Might satisfy his mind.
to human beings
The First approach'd the Elephant,
The methodology or method that philosophers use to And happening to fall
address philosophical question is critical thinking. Against his broad and sturdy side,
At once began to bawl:
Critical Thinking is the careful, reflective, rational and "God bless me! but the Elephant
systematic approach to questions of very general interest Is very like a wall!"
Critical thinking means understanding if philosophy and
The Second, feeling of the tusk,
refraining from merely giving claims but through careful
Cried, -"Ho! what have we here
thought, one reasons through to argumentation.
So very round and smooth and sharp?
The scientific method also leads to wisdom and truth To me 'tis mighty clear,
because it uses an evidence- based approach to come up with This wonder of an Elephant
Is very like a spear!"
its conclusion. In this method, all truths are supported
by facts that can easily be tested or proven again
The Third approach'd the animal,
through experiments, logical reasoning, or observation. And happening to take
The squirming trunk within his hands,
An understanding of opinions and facts and the mean to
Thus boldly up and spake:
distinguish one from the other can further improve our
"I see," -quoth he- "the Elephant
understanding and appreciation of varied views and ideas
Is very like a snake!"

The ability to determine truth goes hand in hand The Fourth reached out an eager hand,
with the holistic perspective and enables us to make wiser And felt about the knee:
decisions, especially in choosing then ideas and views "What most this wondrous beast is like
which we find acceptable. Is mighty plain," -quoth he,-
"'Tis clear enough the Elephant
A critical mind aided by philosophy can help us from our own Is very like a tree!"
personal point of view that can guide us in making decisions
and actions when we faced with a problem. The Fifth, who chanced to touch the ear,
Said- "E'en the blindest man
Philosophy can help us determine ideas that are truthful Can tell what this resembles most;
and acceptable, which we can use to form our own views Deny the fact who can,
regarding certain matters. This marvel of an Elephant
Is very like a fan!"

The Sixth no sooner had begun

1st Quarter, Week 2 – Activity 2: About the beast to grope,
Then, seizing on the swinging tail
(THE MEANING & PROCESSES OF That fell within his scope,
DOING PHILOSOPHY) "I see," -quoth he,- "the Elephant
Is very like a rope!"
And so these men of Indostan
Disputed loud and long,
Each in his own opinion
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
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SCHOOLS DIVISION BALANGA CITY
BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Balanga, Bataan
Exceeding stiff and strong,
Though each was partly in the right,
And all were in the wrong!
Answer the following.
5-10 sentences each number.
1. Did anyone among the blind men give the correct
answer? Why or why not?
2. In the context of the elephant story, what do you
think is holistic perspective? What is a partial point
of view?
3. What is the importance of a holistic perspective as
pointed out by the poet John Godfrey Saxe?
4. Considering our society today, to what can you relate
the circumstance presented in the poem?
5. In relation to your answer in number 4 and the moral
implication/s of the poem, what people should rather
do to prevent such conflicts to arise?
1st Quarter, Week 3 – Activity 3:
(METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING)
ACTIVITY #1:
Direction. Answer the following questions concisely and
accurately. (MINIMUM OF 7 SENTENCES EACH
NUMBER)
1. What is your opinion about the existing Philippine
justice system? Is it duly performing its duty to serve
justice in the country or not? Justify your answer.
2. How do you value truth? What can you do to uplift
the value of truth in your own family, community or
country?
3. Draw an illustration of the existing justice system in
the Philippines. Write a brief explanation for your
illustration.
1st Quarter, Week 4 – Activity 4:
(METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING)
ACTIVITY #2:
Direction. Identify a song, book or movie that left you with a
disturbing question. Articulate this question and discuss why
you find it disturbing. Do you think this question is
philosophical? Explain why you think so. Does this question
give birth to more questions? What would be those questions?
After tracing your series of questioning, share in your essay
how you felt afterwards. For 30 points, your essay will be
graded according to;
Clarity of thought – 10 points;
Coherence – 10 points; and
Complexity of questioning – 10 points
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Title of Song, Book or Movie:
__________________________________________________
_______
Gist of the material:
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Essay:_____________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
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MODULE 3 THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN
EMBODIED SPIRIT
Learning Competency
1. Recognize how the human body imposes limits and
possibilities for transcendence (PPT11/12-Ih-3.3)
2. Evaluate own limitations and the possibilities
for their transcendence (PPT11/12-Ig-3.2)
HUMAN COMPOSITION OF MAN
MAN (from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) The
English term “man” is derived from a Proto-Indo
European root *man - (see Sanskrit/Avestan Manu-,
Slavic mǫž "man, male"). It is the general term commonly
used to refer to the entire human race. Other related terms,
humanity, mankind, and humankind.
HUMAN refers to man as species – HOMO SAPIENS or
MODERN HUMAN BEINGS. The term human being is also
used to differentiate man from other animals.
PERSON is the personality of a human being so called
“SELF”. Refers to a human being granted recognition of
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION BALANGA CITY
BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Balanga, Bataan
certain rights, protection, responsibilities and dignity above
all. Philosophe refers to the human person as the totality
of an individual, possessing awareness, self-determination
and capacity to interact with others and with himself/herself.
Personhood refers to the state of being a person.
HUMAN NATURE defines as the nature of
humans especially the fundamental characters and traits of
humans. It refers to the characteristics that distinguish
humans from all other creatures. These traits are
expected to arise independent of the influence.
What is the human person?
Self-awareness refers to the person having a clear
perception of oneself, including his thoughts, emotions,
identity and actions
Self-determination refers to the capability of
persons to make choices and decisions based on their
own preferences, monitor and regulate their actions, and be
goal-oriental and self-directed
Consequence is the result or effect of an action or
condition. Philosophers believe that a person acts freely
and with due regard for the consequences of his actions
Externality refers to the capability of a person to reach out
and interact with others and the world
Dignity refers to the innate right to be valued and
respected. Philosophers consider all humans as having an
inherent worth or value. “You’re worthless!” is an
insult since it attacks the very notion of a person having
value or worth
Limitations of the Human Person
Human persons are naturally deficient beings. This means that
we are not prepared with the best physical aspects among all
the beings.
Human persons do not have the natural ability to fly. Human
persons cannot breath underwater without the aid of breathing
device.
LIMITATIONS CAN LEAD TO POSSIBILITIES
Transcendence is the ability to change, be dynamic, and
continually redefining one’s self which works with our
facticity to create change
How do limitations lead to transcendence?
Facticity refers to the things in our life that are already
given. EXAMPLE: LIFE
We are free to define who we are and who we are to be
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Spatial-temporal being. As temporal beings, our most
obvious limitation is our finitude - our finite quality or state.
For example, Walang forever, pero meron talaga. As spatial
beings, we are limited by our bodies to be present in two or
more places at the same time. We are limited by space
(spatial) and the time (temporal). Our spatial- temporal
situation sets our preconditions of understanding.
*Why do we want to be in a hurry to achieve or have
something which is not yet?
The Body as Intermediary
Intermediary means acting as a mediator (Merriam-
Webster). Having a body may prevent us from revealing
what we really want to express.
How do we communicate with each other? WORDS
But can words really capture the things we want to
express? But this limitation can also be an advantage...
In most cases, words are not enough. EXAMPLE:
Magbabago Na Ako Promise!!
Limitations and Possibilities for Transcendence
Transcendence originated from the words Trans,
meaning “go beyond”, and scandare, meaning
“climb”.
Fulfilling a dream requires transcendence because it opens
a state of thinking and feeling that there is something
more in life than just physical and material things.
Much like Abraham Maslow’s self- actualization
concepts, transcendence is a state of being intrinsically
satisfied with life regardless of physical and tangible factors
LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR
TRANSCENDENCE:
 may not occur to everyone
 does not come at a specified period
 varies across all people
 may coincide with physical limitations of the body
 developing a positive outlook in life
 working towards reaching a goal
 learning from experience
POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE
It is also important to know that transcendence may be
applied to present worries by living in the present. This
means that life is lived from moment to moment in a carefree
and cheerful manner where concerns for stress are reserved
for the future, and regrets or guilt feelings are kept in the
past.
THE HUMAN BODY IN IMPOSING LIMITS AND
POSSIBILITIES
From a biological and physical standpoint, it can be
recognized that the human body, although it can
perform many functions, also has limitations. Limits in
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the environment, demographics, and society may also the union of the body and the spirit. The human person is an
hinder a person from reaching transcendence. embodied spirit.
BODILY LIMITATIONS

- mental and emotional disorders

- disabilities
- disease and illnesses
- failures and experiences

SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

LIMITATION
 socioeconomic status
 location of neighbourhood
 abusive relationships
 negative influences
OVERCOMING LIMITATIONS
- Bodily limits can be tested by trying on new
experiences
- and working on challenges with
increasing levels of difficulty. The human
body, if given enough exposure to any
situation, can attain a goal with efficiency
- Social and environmental limitations are more
difficult to overcome than bodily limitations
because they involve the influence of other people
and the external world. However, with a proper
mindset, clearly defined goals, and motivation to
rise above challenges, one may successfully
overcome his or her limitations.
RECOGNIZE AND EVALUATE OWN
LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR
TRANSCENDENCE
Even though you are still young, you are not prevented
from further understanding yourself. Transcendence is even
more possible when you begin to understand that you can go
beyond your limitations if you set your mind on your
goals
The terms “transcendent” and transcendental” should not be
used interchangeably. According to Immanuel Kant,
“transcendent” is a term used to refer to God, while
“transcendental” refers to all other matter.
While transcendence may not occur for everyone, all
people have the capacity to experience it regardless of any
sociodemographic, biological, or personal factors
Human body is not the only definition of a human person.
There exists an intangible element which enables us to
exercise thought, possess awareness, interiority, a the capacity
to reach out to the outside world ang other persons. This
intangible element is the spirit. (Abela, 2016) With this,
philosophers consider a human person as
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1st Quarter, Week 5 – Activity 5:
(THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT)
ACTIVITY #1
Direction.
1. Research pictures of ancient tribes such as those of
Pre-colonial Philippines whose manner of clothing
have not yet been influenced by the western
colonizers. (Ex. Tattooed Kalinga Women,
Indigenous Aetas – Male and Female)
2. List down the significant differences between the
way tribal Filipinos before the Spanish colonization
dressed from the way we do now.
3. If some Filipinos would dress this way in our cities
today, what do you think will be the general reaction
of the other city dwellers? Why?
4. Do you think the attitude of Filipinos, and of other
people in general, towards the body has changed
throughout the history? What has changed?
1st Quarter, Week 6 – Activity 6:
(THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT)
ACTIVITY #2
Reflective Activity:
Get a mirror. Take some time to look at your face and
body in front of the mirror. Identify those parts you like
most about your body. Identify those parts you hate the
most. Write everything down in tabulated form – one
column for likes, another for dislikes.
Now focus on the column of dislikes. For each item you
wrote, identify the things that you would not be able to
do or miss if that body part is lost, destroyed or severely
injured. Write at least one down for each body part you
dislike.
Going back to the same column of dislikes, think of your
many achievements and ask yourself whether or not it
was possible to achieve those if the body parts you
dislike were injured or permanently destroyed.

Finally, think of all your dreams and aspirations. Ask

yourself if it is possible to achieve those dreams and
aspirations if your disliked body part were injured or
permanently destroyed.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION BALANGA CITY
BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Balanga, Bataan

Environmental ethics emerged in the 1970s, advocating

human responsibility and action with regard to
environmental issues. Its main ideas are the following:

1. All non human elements of the world, including

animals and natural resources, have intrinsic value
and should be preserved.
2. The preservation of the environment will benefit
humans by providing for the needs of
present and future generations.
3. Humankind has a responsibility to safeguard the
planet as stewards of creation.

MODULE 4 THE HUMAN PERSON IN THEIR

ENVIRONMENT
Learning Competency:
1. Notice things that are not in their proper place and
organize them in an aesthetic way (PPT11/12-Ii-
4.1)
2. Show that care for the environment contributes to
health, well-being and sustainable development
(PPT11/12-Ii-4.2)
3. Demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality
towards environments (PPT11/12-Ii-4.3)

Environmental philosophy or environmental ethics is

the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral
relationship of human beings with the environment and its
non-human contents. These views were greatly influenced by the concept of
environmental justice, which refers to the fair distribution of
Anthropocentrism, focuses on the significant role of environmental benefits, as well as the burden of meeting
humankind in the world and considers nature as the means environmental challenges. Advocates of environmental justice
by which humans are able to meet their needs and survive. emphasize equity and the meaningful involvement of
Biocentrism, on the other hand, believes that humans are not communities and governments in addressing
environmental challenges, and in planning and
the only significant species on the planets, and that all
implementing environmental policies.
organisms have inherent value and should be protected.

Ecocentrism places great value on ecosystems and
biological communities.
Environmental Aesthetics is one philosophical view that
believes in maintaining order in the environment will bring
out the natural beauty of the surroundings and contribute
to the well-being of the people and other organisms
living in it.
Environmentalism advocates to address the growing
environmental problems.
The Development of Ethical Views Regarding the
Environment
Another perspective in environmental awareness is
environmental aesthetics, which originally focused on
concepts of beauty in nature, but has become increasingly
influenced by environmental concerns. Environmental
aesthetics began in the twentieth century, concerned
primarily with natural beauty in the context of maintaining
order and balance in the environment. For its adherents,
knowledge about nature will not only enable humans to
appreciate nature's innate beauty but will also help them relate
more effectively with the environment.
Environmentalism has also become an important issue in
international politics as governments and international
organizations have devoted efforts to discuss
environmental issues and formulate plans to address them

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION BALANGA CITY
BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Balanga, Bataan

Sustainability or Sustainable Development, this concept 6.

focuses on reconciling human activities and economic
development with the protection of the environment. 1st Quarter, Week 8 – Activity 8:
(THE HUMAN PERSON IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT)
Sustainability relies on three important principles:
ACTIVITY #2
environmental integrity, economic efficiency, and equity.
Direction.
1. Environmental integrity refers to maintaining the
state of the environment. Create a Video Blog (Vlog) that will last from 3-5 minutes
2. Economic efficiency refers to prudence in showing an act of kindness towards the environment. You can
decision- making regarding the use of resources to
either select from planting, cleaning a particular spot in
ensure that there is minimum to zero waste.
your community or recycling materials as the content of
3. Equity demands that we use our natural
resources in such a manner that these are your vlog. Showcase the process, progress and the outcome of
conserved so that the next generation will be able your action. The positive outcome must be visible in the video
to use them. as well as the notable before and after of the chosen project.
4. Prudence is the ability to regulate one's actions
and behavior, while frugality is being thrifty with
the use of one's resources. -----------------------------end here------------------------------------

1st Quarter, Week 7 – Activity 7: References:

(THE HUMAN PERSON IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT)

ACTIVITY #1
Direction. Answer the following questions concisely
and accurately.
1. List the things that you did the whole day today. Take
note of the products you used, the things you bought,
the things you threw away. Which among them do
you think had an impact on the environment (either
positive or negative).
Impact on
the
Products
Activities Done Environment
Used/Bought/Threw
(Positive or
Negative)

2. Looking back at your activities today, what would

you have done otherwise to reverse whatever you did
that harmed the environment?
3. Personally, how do you regard the things in the
environment? As objects to make life comfortable?
As means to fulfill your needs? As a gift? Explain
your answer.
4. What does “observe prudence and frugality towards
the environment” mean to you?
5. What is your opinion regarding the various
environmental movements you hear about? (e.g. run
for a cause, bike race for a cause, tree planting etc.)
Do you think their movements create a big impact in
saving our natural environment from total destruction
or not? Explain your answer.
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