Hydrotropes: Eco-Friendly Hydrotropes - More Than Just Keeping Your Formulation Together

Hydrotropes
Eco-friendly hydrotropes – more than just keeping your formulation together

Croda has a range of multifunctional, eco-friendly hydrotropes that deliver a number of benefits and effects to
cleaning formulations. The use of effective hydrotropes is an integral part of developing highly alkaline or acidic
products, as well as assisting in the development of more concentration formulations.
The primary function of a hydrotrope is to stabilise other surfactants within a formulation in order to increase
solubility. This increased solubility can be observed through improvements in the kraft and/or cloud point of the
formulation.
All products in the Croda Hydrotropes range meet EU Biodegradability regulations 648/2004, with a selection
meeting more stringent requirements of the EU Flower or Nordic Bra Miljoval Scheme eco-labels.
Multitrope 810
Widespread usage in today’s increasingly complex formulations
Cost-effective performance; easy to formulate and versatile
Multitrope 1620
Excellent stability & solubility in highly alkaline solutions
Compatible with a variety of surfactants;
Non-gelling over a range of aqueous solutions
Multitrope 1214
Long term stability in sodium hypochlorite solution & alkaline systems
Increased performance of sanitizers on hard surfaces
Solubility in a range of builder solutions
Crodasinic LS30
Mild, medium foaming, multifunctional anionic surfactant
Effective detergent and wetting agent at neutral pH; low dynamic surface tension
pH Comparison
Multitrope 1620
Multitrope 1214
Multitrope 810
Crodasinic LS30
Acid Neutral Alkali

pH
Figure 1. Performance range for Croda hydrotropes
/1Croda Europe Ltd Cowick Hall Snaith Goole East Yorkshire DN14 9AA England 06/09 DI122/1
Tel +44 (0)1405 860551 Fax +44 (0)1405 861767 E-mail homecare-europe@croda.com www.croda.com/europe Page 1 of 8
The Croda range offers formulators a hydrotroping solution across a broad pH spectrum, from highly acidic
right through to highly alkaline formulations.
Hydrotrope Comparison
SXS Multitrope 810 Multitrope 1620

Multitrope 1214 Crodasinic LS30
2.5
Concentration/g/l
2
Hydrotrope
1.5
0.5
0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Temperature/°C
Figure 2. Performance data for Croda hydrotropes in 2% alcohol ethyoxylate
Croda offers hydrotropes that are capable of solving solubility issues in a wide range of surfactant systems.
These hydrotropes will regularly outperform more traditional hydrotropes such as sodium xylene sulphonate
(SXS)
Functionality Comparison
Multitrope
Multitrope 810 Multitrope 1620 Crodasinic LS30
1214
Foam Low High Low Med
Bleach Stable X 9 9 9
Environmental Profile *
(see explanation on back page)
Pale yellow Clear brown Clear viscous Clear colourless
Colour
liquid liquid liquid liquid
Activity 40% 70% 100% 30%
Figure 3. Features of Croda hydrotropes range
Croda’s hydrotropes offer multifunctional performance, potentially allowing the replacement of several
formulation ingredients with a single additive. This can be crucial in the successful development of
concentrated formulations.
Multitrope 810
Multitrope 810 is a liquid anionic hydrotrope which can be used for a range of surfactants including alcohol
alkoxylates. It is particularly useful in high pH or high electrolyte formulations. It can replace the complex
mixtures of hydrotropes often required in these circumstances, therefore delivering a cost benefit.
Features
Widespread usage in today’s increasingly complex formulas
Cost-effective hydrotroping requiring less product to deliver the same effect as
other hydrotropes
Ideal for concentrated products
Performance Properties
2% Alcohol ethoxylate
SXS Multitrope 810
2.5
Concentration/g/l
2
Hydrotrope
1.5
0.5
0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Temperature/°C
Figure 4. The performance of Multitrope 810 compared against SXS
2% Alcohol alkoxylate
APG Multitrope 810
4
Concentraion/g/l
3
Hydrotrope
0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Temperature/°C
Figure 5. The performance of Multitrope 810 compared against alkyl polyglucoside
Applications include
Metal Cleaners Hard Surface Cleaners
Car Wash All Purpose Spray Cleaner etc.
Physical properties
Physical form @ 25°C liquid
pH 100% 9-11
Colour pale yellow
Multitrope 1620
The demands on modern cleaning formulators lead to an ever increasing requirement for surfactants which can
tolerate extremes of pH, high concentrations of electrolytes and in addition have good biodegradability with
reduced environmental impact.
Multitrope 1620 is an alkyl polysaccharide with a range of properties required in an increasing number of
cleaning formulations. It is derived from renewable resources by the condensation of alcohols with one or more
units of glucose.
Features
Excellent stability and solubility in highly alkaline solutions
Effective hydrotroping
Compatible with a variety of surfactants (anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric)
Soluble in solutions containing high concentrations of electrolytes
Non gelling over a range of aqueous solutions
High foaming
Synperonic Cloud Point 250C Cloud Point 400C
Surfactant (2%) Multitrope 1620 SXS Multitrope 1620 SXS
LF/26 3.80 3.70 2.20 9.30
LF/27 1.79 3.30 3.73 8.85
LF/31 1.39 1.90 2.23 9.86
91/2.5 1.56 2.05 3.60 6.45
91/6 0.48 0.47 1.90 1.90
A3 3.60 3.75 3.20 9.90
Figure 6. Performance of Multitrope 1620 and SXS in a variety of surfactants
Multitrope 1620 is an effective hydrotrope for a number of ethoxylate and alkoxylate surfactants offering
substantial dose reductions compared with a more conventional hydrotrope.
Bottle wash liquid Metal cleaning
Bathroom cleaners Paint strippers
All purpose cleaners Dairy cleaning
Cleaning in place Laundry detergents
Physical properties
Appearance @ 20°C Clear brown liquid
Viscosity (cp) @ 20°C 2000 to 6000
Density g/ml 0.98 to 1.01
pH (1% aqueous sol) 6 to 8
Colour Gardner @ 20°C 10 – 15
Activity 70%
Multitrope 1214
Multitrope 1214 is a versatile cleaning formulation additive designed to improve the efficacy of sodium
hypochlorite compared with a standard surfactant in sanitising formulations. It offers long-term stability in
sodium hypochlorite solutions and contributes to wetting performance. It also offers effective hydrotroping in
medium duty acid and alkaline cleaning formulations.
Features
Long-term stability in sodium hypochlorite solutions
Increased performance of sanitisers on hard surfaces
Solubility in a range of builder solutions
Stability in both acid and alkaline systems
Many surfactants interact with sodium hypochlorite in formulations, which has a detrimental effect on both the
available chlorine in the system and also the surfactant performance. Multitrope 1214 is stable in the presence
of sodium hypochlorite and when compared to a conventional surfactant (sodium dodecyl diphenyloxide
disulfonate) at equal activity, shows greater retention of available chlorine after 6 months at 25°C.
Blank Multitrope 1214 Conventional Surfactant
5.5
5
Available Chlorine/%
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time/Months
Figure 7. Sodium hypochlorite stability in the presence of Multitrope 1214 & a conventional surfactant
Sanitisers Bathroom/toilet cleaners
Tile cleaners Hard surface bleach cleaners
Dairy cleaners
Physical Properties
Appearance Clear viscous liquid
Colour (GVCS 330 6
Activity 100%
pH (10% solution) 2.0
Specific gravity (25°C) 1.22
Acid value (pH 5.0) 238
Crodasinic LS30
The Crodasinics are a range of biodegradable anionic surfactants consisting of acyl sarcosines and their
sodium salts, sarcosinates. Produced from natural fatty acids and the amino acid derivative, sarcosine, the
Crodasinics offer a number of functional benefits in a wide variety of home care and I & I applications.
Features
Effective hydrotrope performance
Mild multifunctional anionic surfactant which provides a rich dense lather
Effective detergent and wetting agent at neutral pH
Low dynamic surface tension
Superior corrosion inhibition
Crodasinics have the ability to widen the temperature stability range of formulations. They improve the low
temperature solubility (kraft point) of anionics and the high temperature solubility (cloud point) of nonionics.
LS30 SCS LS30 SCS Figure 9. Crodasinic (right) versus SLES in a

Figure 8. 7.5% SLES @ 0°C (left) 1:1 solution with benzalkonium chloride(BAC)
and 3% Coco DEA @ 40°C
Lathering
Generally, foaminess is associated with cleanliness. Crodasinic LS30 gives a more creamy longer lasting lather
than a C10 APG
Figure 10. Crodasinic LS30 lather Figure 11. C10 APG lather in an
in an alkaline solution alkaline solution
60
50
Drainage Time/Secs
40
30
20
10
0
Crodasinic LS30 C10 APG
Product
Figure 12. Drainage time for LS30 and APG lather in an alkaline solution
Carpet Shampoos Hard Surface cleaners – wipes, sprays, gels
Dishwashing Soaps – liquid & bars
Bleach systems Liquid laundry detergents
Physical properties
Activity 29-31%
Appearance (colour) Colourless liquid
pH (10% solution) 7.5 – 8.5
Activity 70%
Colour, APHA 60 max
Soap content 2 % max
EU Eco-label Flower
Crodasinic LS (lauroyl sarcosinate) and Multitrope 1620 (C8/10 alkyl polyglucoside) are listed in the European
Eco-label’s Detergent Ingredient Database (DID) Part A. This register is used by consumer product
manufacturers applying to include the EU Flower Symbol on packaging.
The European Eco-label is a voluntary scheme designed to encourage businesses to market products and
services that are kinder to the environment and for European consumers to easily identify them. The flower
(picture above) can be found throughout the EU as well as in Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland. The
European Eco-label is part of a broader strategy aimed at promoting sustainable consumption and production.
Nordic Bra Miljoval Scheme
Nordic Bra Miljoval Scheme is the eco-label of the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation (SSNC). It is
referred to as ‘Good Environmental Choice’ in English. SSNC started eco-labelling in 1998 on laundry
detergent and paper. Currently the system covers 12 product areas.
Eco-labelling is intended to reduce the use of harmful chemical substances and the harm that products cause
to the environment and our health. The basic approach is that all ingredients of chemical products that carry the
Good Environmental Choice label should be readily biodegradable, non-toxic to aquatic organisms and non-
bioaccumulating. To reduce the eutrophication of the Baltic Sea and other waterways, phosphate is not
permitted in Good Environmental Choice labelled products.
The Swedish Society for Nature Conservation requires that companies that wish to use the Good
Environmental Choice label have an environmental policy that also covers transport. The aim is to reduce
climate impact. Requirements are also placed on product packaging. The criteria for chemical products apply to
all chemical products and make it possible to eco-label everything from cosmetics to detergents and
degreasing agents.
Non-warranty
The information in this publication is believed to be accurate and is given in good faith, but no representation or warranty as to its completeness or accuracy is
made. Suggestions for uses or applications are only opinions. Users are responsible for determining the suitability of these products for their own particular
purpose. No representation or warranty, expressed or implied, is made with respect to information or products including, without limitation, warranties of
merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement of any third party patent or other intellectual property rights including, without limit, copyright,
trademark and designs. Any trademarks identified herein are trademarks of the Croda group of companies.
©2009 Croda Europe Ltd

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Hydrotropes

Eco-friendly hydrotropes – more than just keeping your formulation together

Acid Neutral Alkali

Figure 1. Performance range for Croda hydrotropes

SXS Multitrope 810 Multitrope 1620

Figure 2. Performance data for Croda hydrotropes in 2% alcohol ethyoxylate

Figure 4. The performance of Multitrope 810 compared against SXS

Figure 5. The performance of Multitrope 810 compared against alkyl polyglucoside

Blank Multitrope 1214 Conventional Surfactant

LS30 SCS LS30 SCS Figure 9. Crodasinic (right) versus SLES in a

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