KVPY Assignment

Question: The state of hybridization of the central atom and the number of lone pairs over
the central atom in POCl3 are
Options:
(a) sp, 1
(b) sp2, 0
(c) sp3, 0
(d) sp3d, 1
Answer: (c)
Solution: P is the central atom here and it has a total of 5 electrons, out of which 3 are
covalently bonded with Cl and there is one double bond with O, hence its hybridization is sp3
and it has no lone pair of electrons

Question: Using MO theory predict which of the following species has the shortest bond
length?
Options:
(a) O2+
(b) O2−
(c) O22−
(d) O22+
Answer: (d)
Solution:
Below is the MO diagram of O2

BO of O2 is 2.
We can add and remove electrons to the above to get:
BO of O2+ to be 2.5
BO of O22+ to be 3
BO of O2− to be 1.5
Higher the B.O., stronger is the bond and hence shorter is the bond length. Hence the answer
is O22+ .

Question: Statement 1: The central carbon atom in F2C = C = CF2 is sp hybridized

Statement 2: The molecule is planar
Options:
(a) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is the correct explanation
for Statement 1
(b) Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct but Statement 2 is NOT the correct
explanation for Statement 1
(c) Statement 1 is correct, Statement 2 is incorrect
(d) Statement 1 is incorrect, Statement 2 is correct
Answer: (c)
Solution: The central carbon atom is clearly sp hybridized since it has 2 sigma bonds and no
lone pairs. However, shape is a consequence, not reason for hybridization. Hence 2 does not
explain1.

Question: Which of the following is the most ionic?

Options:
(a) RbF
(b) CsF
(c) NaF
(d) KF
Answer: (b)
Solution: In all the given molecules, anion (i.e. F–) is common, thus lattice energy depends
upon the size of cations. The order of size is
Na+ < K+ < Rb+ < Cs+
Ionic character α size of cation
Thus, the order of lattice energy is
NaF < KF < RbF < CsF

Question: Which of the following statement is not correct from the viewpoint of the
molecular orbital theory?
Options:
(a) Be2 is not a stable molecule
(b) He2 is not stable but He2+ is expected to exist
(c) Bond strength of N2 is maximum amongst the homonuclear diatomic molecules
(d) The order of energies of molecular orbitals in F2 molecule is
( 2s )  ( * 2s )  ( 2 px ) = ( 2 p y )  ( 2 pz )  ( * 2 pz ) = ( * 2 p y )  ( * 2 pz )
Answer: (d)
Solution:
The configuration of Be2 :  1s 2 *1s 2 2s 2 * 2s 2 .

B.O. =
( 4 − 4 ) = 0 . Hence, Be is not a stable molecule.
2
2
The configuration of He2 =  1s 2 *1s 2 .

B.O. =
( 2 − 2) = 0
2
He :  1s  *1s1
+
2
2

B.O. =
( 2 − 1) = 0.5
2
Hence, He2 is not stable while He2+ is expected to exist.
Bond order of N2 is maximum amongst the homonuclear diatomic molecules, therefore, bond
strength of N2 is maximum.
The correct order involves E ( 2 pz ) prior to E ( 2 pz ) .

Question: Among LiCl. BeCl2, BCl3 and CCl4, the covalent bond character varies as
Options:
(a) BeCl2 > LiCl > BCl3 > CCl4
(b) BCl3 > BeCl2 > LiCl > CCl4
(c) CCl4 > BCl3 > BeCl2 > LiCl
(d) LiCl > BeCl2 > BCl3 > CCl4
Answer: (c)
Solution: According to Fajan’s rule, higher the charge of the central atom more will be
covalent character of the bond.
 +2 +3 +4
LiCl  BeCl2  BCl3  CCl4

Question: Dipole-induced dipole interactions are present in which of the following pairs?
Options:
(a) HCl and He atoms
(b) SiF4 and He atoms
(c) H2O and alcohol
(d) Cl2= and CCl4
Answer: (a)
Solution: HCl is polar (  0) and He is non-polar ( = 0). This gives dipole-induced dipole
interaction. SiF4, He, Cl2 and CCl4 are all non-polar while H2O and alcohol are both polar.
Thus, in the other given pairs, dipole-induced dipole interactions are not present.

Question: Intermolecular forces in solid hydrogen are

Options:
(a) covalent forces
(b) van der Waals forces or London dispersion forces
(c) hydrogen bonds
(d) all of these
Answer: (b)
Solution: Solid hydrogen H2 is non-polar compound and possesses London dispersion forces.
Infact these are the only attractive forces which a non-polar compound can have.
Question: According to Fajan’s rules, covalent bonding is favoured by
Options:
(a) small cation and large anion
(b) small cation and small anion
(c) large cation and large anion
(d) large cation and small anion
Answer: (a)
Solution: Covalent bonding is favoured by small cation and large anion.

Question: The type of hybridization of carbon in C6H6 is

Options:
(a) sp
(b) sp2
(c) sp3
(d) None of these
Answer: (b)
Solution:

C6H6 shows sp2 hybridisation.

Question: The species in which the N atom is in a state of sp hybridization is:

Options:
(a) NO2+
(b) NO2−
(c) NO3−
(d) NO
Answer: (a)
Solution:

O= N =O
sp hybridisation

Question: What is hybridisation of C2 in the following?

C H3 − C H = C H − C H 2 − C H3
1 2 3 4 5

Options:
(a) sp3
(b) sp2
(c) dsp2
(d) sp
Answer: (b)
Solution:
Hybridisation = sp2 as C is double bonded.
Question: Which of the following is in order of increasing covalent character?
Options:
(a) CCl4  BeCl2  BCl3  LiCl
(b) LiCl  CCl4  BeCl2  BCl3
(c) LiCl  BeCl2  BCl3  CCl4
(d) LiCl  BeCl2  CCl4  BCl3
Answer: (c)
Solution:
Fajan’s rules
I. The smaller the size of the cation and larger the size of the anion, the greater is the covalent
character of an ionic bond.
II. The greater the charge on the greater is the covalent character of the ionic bond.
III. For cations of the same size and charge, the one with electronic configuration (n –
1)dnnso, is more polarizing than the one with a noble gas configuration ns2np6.

Question: Which of the following forms only  bond using MOT.

Options:
(a) C2
(b) Li2
(c) N2
(d) H2
Answer: (a)
Solution:
Using MOT
For C2   1s 2   *1s 2   2s 2   2s 2   2 px2 =  2 p y2
BO = 2
2 bonds are formed by 4e– in  BMO.

Question: Among the following species, the diamagnetic molecule is

Options:
(a) O2
(b) NO
(c) B2
(d) CO
Answer: (d)
Solution: O2, NO, B2 are paramagnetic according to M.O.T. where as CO is diamagnetic.

Question: According to molecular orbital theory, which of the following is true with respect
to Li2+ and Li2− ?
Options:
(a) Both are unstable
(b) Li2+ is unstable and Li2− is stable
(c) Li2+ is stable and Li2− is unstable
(d) Both are stable
Answer: (d)
Solution: Both Li+ and Li2− has 0.5 bond order and hence both are stable.

Question: The type of hybridisation and number of lone pair(s) of electrons of Xe in XeOF4,
respectively, are:
Options:
(a) sp3d and 1
(b) sp3d and 2
(c) sp3d2 and 1
(d) sp3d2 and 2
Answer: (c)
Solution:

Question: In which of the following processes, the bond order has increased and
paramagnetic character has changed to diamagnetic?
Options:
(a) N2 → N2+
(b) NO → NO +
(c) O2 → O22−
(d) O2 → O2+
Answer: (b)
Solution:

Question: The correct order of increasing polarizing power of the cations in the following
AlCl3, MgCl2, NaCl is
Options:
(a) AlCl3 < MgCl2 < NaCl
(b) MgCl2 < NaCl < AlCl3
(c) NaCl < MgCl2 < AlCl3
(d) NaCl < AlCl2 < MgCl2
Answer: (c)
Solution: Polarising power of cations increases with the increasing charge.
( +1) ( +2 ) ( +3)
Na Cl  Mg Cl2  Al Cl3

Question: Which of the following species exhibit the diamagnetic behaviour?

Options:
(a) O2
(b) O2
(c) NO
(d) O2−2
Answer: (d)
Solution: The compound/species having odd e–’s is paramagnetic, since they contain
unpaired e–‘s except O2.
A. O2 = 16e− ' s
B. O2 = 16 − 1 = 15e− ' s
C. NO = 7 + 8 = 15e − ' s
D. O22− = 16 + 2 = 18e− ' s
Hence, O2 and NO are paramagnetic, O2 is also paramagnetic (MOT).

Question: The correct order of ionization enthalpy is

Options:
(a) F > O > N > C
(b) F < O < N < C
(c) F > N > O > C
(d) F < N < O < C
Answer: (c)
Solution:
N is exception because of a half-filled valance orbital which makes it difficult to remove an
electron. Hence, the order is F > N > O > C.

Question: The correct order of the radii of the iso electronic species K+, Cl– and Ca2+ is
Options:
(a) K+ < Ca2+ < Cl–
(b) K+ < Cl– < Ca2+
(c) Cl– < Ca2+ < K+
(d) Ca2+ < K+ < Cl–
Answer: (d)
Solution:
All have the same number of valence electrons and hence the one with greatest charge will be
the smallest. Hence the answer.

Question: First I.P. of Mg is …. Than Al

Options:
(a) less
(b) more
(c) equal
(d) can be less or more depending on pressure
Answer: (b)
Solution:
First I.P of Mg is more than Al because in Mg electron is being taken out of a fully filled 3s
sub shell instead of 3p as in the case of Al

Question: Which one of the following set of ions represents a collection of isoelectronic
species?
Options:
(a) Ba2+, Sr2+, K+, Ca2+
(b) Na3–, O2–, F–, S2–
(c) Li+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+
(d) K+, Cl–, Ca2+, Sc3+
Answer: (d)
Solution:
All contain 18 electrons in option d. In other options, all the species don’t have the same
number of electrons.

Question: Which of the following has the highest second ionisation energy?
Options:
(a) Calcium
(b) Chromium
(c) iron
(d) Cobalt
Answer: (b)
Solution:
Cr ( 24 ) =  Ar 18 3d 5 , 4s1
Chromium after losing one electron gains stable configuration due to the presence of half-
filled d-orbital, therefore, its second ionisation enthalpy is highest.

Question: Which of the following arrangements represents the increasing order (smallest to
largest) of ionic radii of the given species: O2–, S2–, N3–, P3–?
Options:
(a) O2– < N3– < S2– < P3–
(b) O2– < P3– < N3– < S2–
(c) N3– < O2– < P3– < S2–
(d) N3– < S2– < O2– < P3–
Answer: (a)
Solution:
Ionic radius increases down a group and decreases across a period. Also, with increase in
negative charge on a particular atom, due to increased repulsion between electrons, the
electrons move away from each other, thus increasing the distance from the nucleus to the
outermost electron, essentially atomic radius. Oxygen and nitrogen are in second period,
white phosphorous and Sulphur are in third period. Thus, the order of ionic radii based on
relative position and charge is O2– < N3– < S2– < P3–.

Question: For the atoms Li, Be, B and Na, the correct order of increasing atomic radius is:
Options:
(a) B < Be < Li < Na
(b) Li < Be < B < Na
(c) Be < Li < B < Na
(d) Be < B < Li < Na
Answer: (a)
Solution:
Atomic radius increases down the group and decreases along a period. Hence, B < Be < Li <
Na is the order of increasing atomic radius.

Question: The group having isoelectronic species is:

Options:
(a) O2–, F–, Na, Mg2+
(b) O–, F–, Na+, Mg2+
(c) O2–, F–, Na+, Mg2+
(d) O–, F–, Na, Mg+
Answer: (c)
Solution:
Among the given options, isoelectronic species are O2–, F–, Na+, Mg2+. All the above species
have 10 electrons each.

Question: Which of the following atoms has the highest first ionization energy?
Options:
(a) Rb
(b) Na
(c) K
(d) Sc
Answer: (d)
Solution:
Element Ionisation energy (kJ/mol)
Na 496
K 419
Rb 403
Sc 631
Scandium has the highest first Ionisation energy

Question: Which of the following is not isoelectronic series-

Options:
(a) Cl, P3–, Ar
(b) N3–, Ne, Mg+2
(c) B+3, He, Li+
(d) N3–, S2–, Cl–
Answer: (d)
Solution:
Electron in different elements are as following
Cl– = 17 + 1 =18
P–3 = 15 + 3 = 18
Ar = 18 + 0 = 18
N–3 = 7 + 3 = 10
Ne = 10 + 0 = 10
Mg+2 = 15 – 3 = 2
B+3 = 5 – 3 = 2
He = 2 + 0 = 2
Li+ = 3 – 1 = 2
S–2 = 16 + 2 = 18
N–3, S–2, Cl– do not have same no. of electrons. Hence they are not isoelectronic.