NAME: LEROY.

SURNAME: MSIPA

REG NUMBER: M168336

COURSE TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT

COURSE CODE: HDES422

PROGRAMME: B.A HONs IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES

QUESTION: To what extent is it salient for players in the development sector to understand
development from the spectrum of environmental protection?
It is important for players in the development sector to understand development from the
spectrum of environmental protection to a greater extent. Environmental protection is the
practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, organizations and governments
according to Field (2006).  Its objectives are to conserve natural resources and the existing
natural environment and, where possible, to repair damage and reverse trends. Harding (2006)
postulates that the importance of environmental protection is the most fundamental and essential
requirements for the general advancement of any nation on the planet and for society as a
collective whole. In the event that financial, GDP and economic development are to be strived
for, there is absolutely no nation on the planet that can do so without a healthy environment to
live in. Without being environmentally conscious or strive for a sustainable and healthy
environment then there would be no resources and environment to live in. Furthermore, the
repercussions of ignoring these global issues that come from not being environmentally
conscious are drastic and could be severely catastrophic. The following essay seeks to analyze
the salience for players in the development sector to understand development from the spectrum
of environmental protection to a greater extent, paying particular attention to the protection of
wildlife and biodiversity, avoiding environmental pollution, avoiding global warming and the
effects of climate change, for the improvement of national GDP and the growth of the economy.

To commence with, one of the clearest reasons behind the preservation of the environment is to
secure natural life and advance biodiversity. Biodiversity concludes diversity between species
and ecosystems thus it is important for the environment, however, the loss of biodiversity
disrupts the ecosystem functioning and reduces food security. Allaby (2010) argues that
overexploitation is also the main cause of the loss of biodiversity. Allaby (2010) further argues
that ensuring untamed life and protecting it for people in the future likewise implies flora and
fauna do not become extinct. This is essential for humanity’s growth with nature and resources in
the natural ecosystem to keep up a sound, healthy and useful biological system. According to
Mitchel (2016),not all animal species can survive outside of their own regular natural
surroundings without human intervention For example, in zoos and aquariums. The devastation
of their normal environments represents a genuine danger to their survivability as a species.
Moreover, species that relocate and occupy more than one common territory are additionally
vulnerable. The conservation of these environments assists with forestalling the whole biological
system being hurt. As an ever-increasing number of species face extinction, the work being done
to secure untamed life even more increasingly significant and crucial, thus showing that it is of
utmost importance for players in the development sector to understand development from the
spectrum of environmental protection

One truly integral purpose behind environmental conservation work that is discussed somewhat
less frequently is the effect that it has on human wellbeing. Environmental protection forestalls
the rise of new illnesses and gives rise to the creation of medicine that we depend
upon.According to Brown et al (2017) Having wild territories for creatures fills in as an
obstruction as it keeps arising illnesses from hopping from creatures to people. Already
undisturbed living spaces have been cleared to clear a path for people and agribusiness. This has
brought wild and homegrown creatures together and assisted with encouraging the hop of
sicknesses to people for example, the Ebola virus. Ebola is a zoonosis (an animal illness that can
leap to people). It is accepted that it no doubt spread to people from bats. A large number of the
medications that we use are additionally made from synthetic compounds that are created by
animals or plants. So by protecting nature, we secure the lifesaving drugs we depend on,
including drugs that fight the many disease drugs. Additionally, a good number of plants are
used for medicinal purposes. The use of Arabic gum (or gum acacia), which is derived from the
bark, it dates from the first Egyptian Dynasty (3400 B.C.). According to Kirinje (2005) it was
used in the production of ink, which was made from a mixture of carbon, gum, and water.
Inscriptions from the 18th Dynasty refer to this gum as “komi” or “komme.” Arabic Gum has
been used for at least 4,000 years by local people for the preparation of food, in human and
veterinary medicine, in crafts, and as a cosmetic. In Senegal it has been used medicinally for
centuries, and various parts of the plant are used to treat infections such as bleeding, bronchitis,
diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, leprosy, typhoid fever, and upper respiratory tract infections. Hence
traditional medicine is important to African communities to treat sick people and also in western
medicine in combination with other ingredients and makes it salient for players in the
development sector to understand development from the spectrum of environmental protection to
a greater.

Furthermore, it I salient for players in the development sector to understand development from
the spectrum of environmental protection through durable development. According to
Johnson(2007) a good programming of the durable development has to fit in the notion of
"protection capacity" and to be built with the respect of the durable efficiency principle, which
supposes that in those situations in which the individual damages some natural resources that can
be repaired he has to take measures in order for them to regenerate, and with the respect of the
principle of the intervention for compensation, meaning that he who uses or takes a natural
capital that cannot regenerate has to ensure a balance by a compensatory way. Durable
development has to be made in such a way as to reduce the negative outcomes of the artificial
structures, simultaneously satisfying some of the needs of the people, and guaranteeing the
liveliness of future generations as well (D.Mazilu, 2006). Nature itself is the greatest device in
the battle against global warming and climate change. Through the preservation of the
environment, we can completely use nature’s ability to the alleviation devastating increases in
temperature. Everything from tropical woods and forests to coastline have a section to play in the
battle against environmental change and decreases raising temperatures on earth, just as ensuring
the protection of people and communities, thus making it essential to protect forestries as they
also reduce soil erosion and river siltation, further making it salient to a greater extent for players
in the development sector to understand development from the spectrum of environmental
protection.

Furthermore, it salient for players in the development sector to understand development from the
spectrum of environmental protection to a greater extent to avoid the damage caused by
environmental pollution. The different kinds of pollution are water pollution, plastic pollution,
thermal pollution, soil contamination, land pollution, air pollution, and the impurities of the
climate are called contaminations. According to Stanglin (2017) ,the primary pollutions come
from businesses on the grounds that the processing plants discharge hurtful and toxic gases in the
climate. This is also the reason for air pollution. Waste additionally unloaded into water bodies,
causing water pollution and plastic pollution. The other toxin answerable for pollution is the
smoke from burning, nursery gasses outflows like carbon dioxide which is high in India and
China. Natural and man-made contamination create Earth-wide temperature boosts resulting in
the ice in Antarctica melting and the hurtful gases are likewise emanating and annihilating the
entire earth. Animal livelihood is jeopardized, air pollution can ruin the growth of green life and
seas are dirtied with waste, polluted to the core and littered with plastic. The large and constant
removal of trees is one reason for natural contamination. According to the United Nations
Conference on Environment and Development (2003) “each individual on earth should plant
trees. It is the duty and responsibility of humanity to safeguard and protect our current
environment from getting polluted. There is another obligation likewise that we must have is that
we should not to dump the waste materials in the rivers, lakes, streams or the ocean. We should
instead burn waste , at that point we will have the option to create biogas”, thus showing the
importance of environmental protection to a greater extent.

The phenomenal of the increase in the worldwide temperature on earth is known as global
warming and according to the World Bank (2008), that the temperature on earth has increased by
1.5 degrees Celsius in the most recent decades. The World Bank (2008) further alludes that
global warming is anything but a one-time phenomenon; rather, a constant progression of events
that fuel an inevitable ascent in global temperatures. It has a large amount of negative impacts
across various degrees of the ecosystem. In certain pieces of the world, the impact is
unimportant, while in others, the impact is huge. When fossil fuels are burnt, gases like carbon
dioxide are released into the climate and atmosphere. Heat-rays reflect from the surface of the
earth get caught in the atmosphere due to the carbon dioxide present in it. This is known as the
‘greenhouse effect.’ This is what prevents the planet from becoming too cold or freezing up.
However, too much carbon dioxide is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere has caused a constant
emanating of heat, which has been the biggest contribution to global warming. According to Nel
J and Du Plessis W (2004), the leading contributor to global warming as gasses known as
‘greenhouse gases’. The main ozone harming gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,
and ozone. These gases, when present in unequal sums, but all bring about an Earth-wide
temperature boost. An unnatural weather change can clear out the whole human populace from
the outside of the earth and in this way; the importance of the environment must be
controlled.  These changes caused by global warming are irreversible. Players in the
development sector must guarantee that the impacts are controlled somewhat. A principal thing
that needs to be done is to stop the mass deforestation occurring around the world at the moment
and move to traditional wellsprings of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy.
Looking at cleaner options to reduce pollutions and placing systems for sustainability all around
the world is crucial.

Moreover, climate change is one of if not the most important global issue we face and this
century has been a defining moment and further shows the importance of environmental
protection . From moving climate designs that compromise food creation to rising ocean levels
that expansion the danger of cataclysmic flooding, the effects of environmental change are
worldwide in extension and uncommon in scale. According to Karamanos (2013) the meaning of
atmosphere expresses that “climate change’ is utilized to allude to long haul intermittent varieties
in the climate designs that are seen over hundreds of years. Since the time the Earth was made, it
is experiencing numerous progressions all the while, and this prompts environmental change.
Karamanos (2013) further states that environmental change happens consistently, it had begun
from a colder ice age and at the present, it is a lot hotter than it was 2,000,000 years prior. Every
one of these great many life structures we see today on Earth is a direct result of the constant
energy from the Sun, which is a definitive wellspring of energy, which is persistently fuelling the
climate framework. Nel J and Du Plessis W (2004) state that the world is encountering
discretionary dry spells, startling climate designs and abrupt precipitation and snowfall, there is a
steady vacillation in the temperatures prompting phenomenon like spontaneous forest fires.
People are ceaselessly utilizing nature for their advantages. This has brought about negative
changes. Some of these are immense carbon dioxide content in the climate and other destructive
materials in the environment and water, the customary utilization of the petroleum products has
prompted the total fatigue of it. The consistent misuse of regular assets and not finding a way to
improve the circumstance and eventually brought about the aggregation of destructive gases in
the climate. The ozone layer consumption brought about by ozone harming substances is
additionally because of environmental change. These progressions that have been caused to the
environment are not reversible. Since in the impending days it is anticipated that the Earth’s
temperature will rise every year, prompting the annihilation of life and this is a direct result of
the expanding measure of ozone depleting substances being delivered in the climate. The ozone
harming substances trap in the warmth which should be discharged.

To add on, Gross domestic product is significant on the grounds that it gives data about the size
of the economy and how the economy is performing. Pallangyo, D.M. (2007) argues that the
development pace of genuine GDP is frequently utilized as a pointer of the overall soundness of
the economy. In expansive terms, an expansion in genuine GDP is deciphered as a sign that the
economy is progressing. Financial development implies an expansion in genuine yield (genuine
GDP). The natural effect of monetary development incorporates the expanded utilization of non-
inexhaustible assets, more significant levels of contamination, a worldwide temperature
alteration and the expected loss of ecological territories. Importance of environmental protection
is essential for overall economic growth and GDP growth. Pallangyo, D.M. (2007) further argues
that cost-efficient renewable energy resources around the world will benefit nations. Higher
levels of pollutions may cause economic growth to halt and will cause reflux of services and
goods. Global warming could be very devastating and there will be absolutely no chance of
economic growth if there are no natural resources, backed by the environment to support future
endeavors and goals as humanity and society as a collective whole, thus making it salient for
players in the development sector to understand development from the spectrum of
environmental protection.

However, it salient for players in the development sector to understand development from the
spectrum of environmental protection to a lesser extent as there are other spectrums such as
alleviation of corruption for development to occur. Moreover, corruption in most African
countries has deepened poverty and exacerbated inequalities thus affecting the African
economies. There has been a huge gap between the rich and the poor and this has continued to
increase due to corruption. Transparency International (2013) postulates that corrupt practises
have become common where government officials amass large fortune co-exists in petty cash
corruption by which officials at almost every level request payment to perform tasks or provide
services which they should be doing as part of their job. This has negatively affected the poor
who do not have resources to acquire these services authoritative sources have associated
poverty in Africa to corruption. Corruption has also killed innovation and creativity in Malawi.
The majority, who are the poor, do not have any say on the expenditure of the public resources.
They are not even consulted on how the money is going to be used. This top down approach
makes the poor people’s contribution to development not to be recognized. Lack of the poor’s
contribution in development projects hinders holistic development because the poor are the ones
who know their actual situations facing them. Sachs and his collaborators at the Millennium
Project, for example argue on the implication of corruption on poverty in Africa and they
contend that the quality of governance is proportionate to the amount of money available for it,
and adjusting a number of corruption-related indicators for poverty, they found that African
governance is not bad by international standards, pointing out that poor countries cannot afford
the corruption controls available in better-resourced ones16. Thus, Corruption is a key element in
economic under-performance and a major obstacle to poverty alleviation and development
In conclusion, it is essential to protect the environment as it is not only safe for humans and
crops but also safe for plants and animals. According to some researchers, the importance of
environmental protection is to help preserve the species diversity that shares the planet for nature
and people’s benefits. So, protecting the environment is significant because more environmental
degradation is irreversible or may be very harmful to all animals, humans, or plants. Sustainable
Living helps to live life and make the environment safer and secure for individuals.

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