Question papers of Environmental Engineering:

1. Q1.A pipe line 0.6 m diameter is 1.5 km long. To augment the

discharge, another pipe line of the same diameter is introduced
parallel to the first in the second half of its length. Find the
increase in discharge if f= 0.04 and head of inlet is 31m.(end2020):
Soln.: It is Parallel pipe d=0.m
H
L =31m , f=0.04 , d=0.6m , g=9.81m/sec2 , L=1.5km=1500m
Find: Q1, Q2, Increase in Discharge=Q2-Q1
2.Q2 Describe with diagram the layouts of distribution network.
(end2020)

Soln.2:
Methods of Water Distribution System Layouts:
1. Dead end system:
In this system, one main pipe line runs through the Centre of the area to
be served, and from both sides of the main pipe line sub-mains take off.
The sub-mains divide into several branch lines from which service
connections are given to the consumers.
2. Grid iron system
In this system of layout, the mains, sub-mains, and branches are
interconnected with each other. The main pipe line runs through the
Centre of the area to be served and from both sides of the main pipe line
sub-mains take off in perpendicular directions.

3. Ring  system
In this system of layout, the main pipe line is laid to form a closed ring,
either circular or rectangular, around the area to be served.
4. Radial system
This system of layout is just the reverse of the circular or ring system of
layout, with water flowing towards the outer periphery instead of from it.
In this system the entire distribution area is divided into a number of
small distribution zones and in the Centre of each zone a
distribution reservoir is provided.
Q3. Design a conventional activated sludge plant to treat domestic sewage with diffused air aeration system. The given

data are: Population is 35,000; Average sewage flow is 180 l/c/d; BOD of sewage is 220 mg/l; BOD removal in primary

treatment is 30%; Overall BOD reduction desired is 85%. Refer the given table

Q4. Distinguish between slow sand filter and rapid sand filter.
Soln.:
Q5. The population in a city has grown from 40,000 to 1,60,000 and
then 2,80,000 in two periods each of 20 years. Determine (a)
saturation population (b) equation of logistic curve (c) Expected
population after next 18 years.
Given data:
Initial Popn. , P0=40,000 at time t=0
Popn. at end of first period, P1=160,000 at time t=20 years
Popn. at end of the second period, P2=280,000 at time t=40years
Soln.:
Q6. In two periods of each 20 years, a city has grown from
30,000 to 1,70,000 and then to 3,00,000. Determine (a) The
saturation population, (b) The equation of logistic curve, (c )
The expected population after the 60 years from:
 Q7. Design a river intake with respect to (i) number and size of the
openings in the intake well (ii) size, shape and height of the intake
well. The data provided are:
RL of river bed = 100m, RL of lowest water level = 103m
RL of normal water level = 115m, RL of high flood level = 125m
Population to be served 60,000
Average water demand = 180 liter per capita per day
Soln . : Assuming that
Consider pumping takes place for 16 hours a day. Assume velocity
through bar screen to be 0.16 m/s. Provide 20 mm dia steel @spacing of
50 mm.
Q8. Explain the importance of public water supply scheme. What are
the factors to be considered in design of water treatment plant?
Q9. Predict the population for the years 1991 and 2001 from the
following census figures of a town by incremental increase method
and geometric increase method.

Soln.:
Q10. Describe submerged intake tower with neat sketch.
Those intakes that are constructed entirely under water are termed as
submerged intakes. Submerged intake structures are commonly used
to obtain water from lakes.
Q11. Design rapid sand filter unit for maximum of 7MLD of supply with
all under drainage systems.
Soln:
Q12. Design rapid sand gravity filter to treat maximum of 2MLD with
4% water for backwashing. Consider rate of filtration as 4500 l/h/m 2,
L/B =2. Also design its under drainage components. Assume relevant
data, if required.
Soln.