START UP: What do you mean when we say, ''It is very humid today''?

Humidity is the experience of the people that are feeling so hot . It is what they feel in the air like the
heat in the ground.
INSTANT TASK: Put all the items in the correct box according to their state of matter.
Solid Liquid Gas
Wood Water Air
Book Orange Juice Cloud
Ice Paint Balloon
Block Milk Tornado
Coffee Boiling Water

FLASHCHECK: Identify the dominant intermolecular forces of the following substances. Select the
substance with the higher boiling point in each pair.
A. Ne and Ar -London Dispersion Forces (Ar)

B. CH3OH and CH3CH2OH -Dipole – Dipole, H - Bond (CH3CH2OH)

C. HF and CH3F -Dipole – Dipole, H - Bond (HF)

D. BaCl2 and PCl3 -Dipole – Dipole, H - Bond (BaCl2)

START UP: Have you seen small insect flit (walk) on bodies of water, needle ''float'' on water, or
''bead up'' on a newly waxed car. What do you call these phenomena?
Surface tension is a feature of water that enables tiny insects to walk on the surface without sinking.
Small insects survive on the surface of still water, taking advantage of surface resistance to "walk on
water." Because of their weight and the form of their feet, they can walk on the top of the water.

INSTANT TASK: Encircle the term that are related to the properties of liquids.
1. Forces
2. Molar
3. Vapor
4. Heat
5. Boiling Point
6. Intermolecular
7. Surface Tension
8. Vaporization
9. Viscosity
10. Liquid
FLASHCHECK: Explain why each of the following occurs:

1. A freely falling drop of water is spherical in shape.

Raindrops have a circular appearance because of surface tension, which is created by the
inclination of water molecules to stick together. The spherical shape has the smallest possible
surface area, allowing it to withstand any external force in the atmosphere.
2. Your arm feels cool when alcohol evaporates from your skin.
The alcohol feels cold due to a phenomenon known as evaporative cooling. Alcohol, like all
matter, is made up of small particles known as molecules.
3. On a warm day, water droplets form outside the bottle of carbonated beverage.
Water droplets may also form on the exterior of soda cans or glasses of cold water due to
condensation. When warm air comes into contact with a cold surface, it approaches its dew
point and condenses. This causes water droplets to form on the glass or can. Clouds form as
a pocket of air becomes saturated with water vapor.
START UP: Why ice cube float in water?
In reality, ice is around 9% less dense than water. Since water is thicker than ice, it displaces the
lighter ice, allowing it to float to the surface. Since the mass of ice reduces as the temperature
decreases, it is less dense than water.
INSTANT TASK: Complete the diagram about the concept of water by writing the correct terms from
the box.
1. Water
2. Freezing Point
3. Boiling Point
4. Shape
5. Solid
6. Liquid
7. Gas
8. Solid
9. Liquid
10. Gas
FLASHCHECK: Explain Briefly
If ice were denser than liquid water, how would this affect the environment we live in?
It would frequently freeze and sink and the lake will be ice. This will kill certain aquatic species and
result in an environment of even fewer life types in reservoirs that freeze on a regular basis. But
because of these it helps us to live more in the earth and finish our cycle of life.
START UP: 7 Eleven Convenience Store is practicing proper waste segregation. What are the solid
materials that they assigned on each trash bin to separate wastes accordingly?
It is assigned in two materials the Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable where you can more
separate the important ones and the one that is needed to be throw.
INSTANT TASK: Complete the diagram about the classifications of solids by arranging the terms
from the box.
Classification of Solids

Solids

Crystalline Amorphous

Molecular Ionic Metallic Covalent

Polar Non - Polar

Hydrogen Bond
FLASHCHECK: Explain Briefly
Suppose you are a molecule of water in the solid state (ice) at -10 ° C. Write a short description of
your movement as the temperature around you is gradually and continuously increased to 110 ° C.
I can be isolated from the other molecules as the temperature rises. In comparison to my previous
scenario, I will now travel and we are no longer in an intact territory. We, molecules, are free to jump
around but prefer to cling to one another. When a solid approaches its melting point, it can transform
into a liquid. Since the solid state (ice) absorbs kinetic energy, the particles vibrate more as it heats
up. When a solid absorbs kinetic energy, the ions vibrate more as it heats up. The particle
organization of the solid structure eventually breaks down, and the solid starts to melt.

START UP: Why is that steamboats contain so much power?

The invention that made the steamboat feasible was the high-pressure steam engine. It had a high
power-to-weight ratio and a low fuel consumption.
INSTANT TASK: The diagram below shows the cooling curve for a gas. Draw the diagram and
write/draw the correct word/figure in each number.
FLASHCHECK: Answer the following questions. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
Using the phase diagram for water, determine the state of water at the following temperatures and
pressures:
(a) −10 °C and 50 kPa - Solid
(b) 25 °C and 90 kPa - Liquid
(c) 50 °C and 0.3 kPa - Gas
Using the phase diagram for carbon dioxide, determine the state of water at the following
temperatures and pressures:
(d) 20 °C and 1500 kPa - Liquid
(e) 0 °C and 100 kPa - Gas
(f) 20 °C and 2 atm – Gas

START UP: When writing a recipe for bread, Baker's Percentage, is a way to express the ratio of
ingredients to one another by weight? Why do you think it is relevant?
It is where you can have a right taste or the taste that you want when you have the right percentage
of the recipe. You can have a nice and yummy bake bread when your Ratio of ingredients are correct.
INSTANT TASK: Solve the following problems. Write your solutions in a separate sheet of paper.
1.) There are 200 apples. 30 apples are considered bad and will be not for sale. How many percent of
apples are bad?
30÷200 = 0.15
0.15x100%= 15% of apple is bad
2.) What percentage of 80 is 20?
20÷80 = 25%
3.) A skateboard is on sale that has a 25% discount of its price. The skateboard’s original price is Php
750.00. Find the new price.
25% of 750 =
.25x750= 187.5
Price is reduced 25% from 750 so,
750 - 187.5 = 562.5 is the price of the skatebored
FLASHCHECK: Instructions: Perform the different ways of calculating the concentrations of
solutions. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
a. Calculate the molarity of 0.000889 g of glycine, C 2H5NO2, in 1.05 mL of solution.

b. A saline solution with a mass of 355 g has 36.5 g of NaCl dissolved in it. What is the mass/mass
percent concentration of the solution?

c. If there is 0.6 g of Pb present in 277 g of solution, what is the Pb concentration in parts per million?

d. A solution is prepared by dissolving 90 mL of hydrogen peroxide in enough water to make 3000 mL

of solution. Identify the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution through volume/volume
percentage.

e. Calculate the molarity of 25.0 grams of KBr dissolved in 750.0 mL pure water. (K = 40 g/mol; Br =
80 g/mol)
f. The solution is prepared by mixing 25.0 grams of ethanol and 25.0 grams of water. Determine the
mole fractions of ethanol. (The molecular weight of ethanol = 46.07 g/mol; water = 18 g/mol)

START UP: Today, automobiles are the main means of transportation of people anywhere in the
world. How can we guarantee our safety while riding cars in case of collision?
With the help of the safety bag when you crash to something or someone the airbag will came out of
the car and the help of stoichiometry.

INSTANT TASK: Let us bake cookies! If we will make 10 cookies, the exact number of ingredients
are as follows:
100 grams of flour + 1 egg + 100 grams of butter + ½ cup of sugar = 5 cookies
1. Fill in the blanks the right amount of ingredients and the cookies to be made with just one egg.
2. Airbags inside a car contains sodium azide. Write the coefficients so that the chemical equation
below will be balanced.
2 NaN3 → 2 Na + 3 N2
FLASHCHECK: Instructions: Solve the problem stated below. Write your solution in a separate sheet
of paper.
Propane (C3H8) burns in this reaction:
 C3H8 + 5O2 → 4H2O + 3CO2
Question: If 200 g of propane is burned, how many grams of H2O is produced?

START UP: Have you ever wondered why the ice cream vendor use salt in homemade ice cream?
Salt is very useful for the homemade ice cream because it helps the ice cream to make it colder. Salt
lowers the temperature at which the water freezes o with salt ice will melt even when the temperature is
below the normal freezing point of water.

INSTANT TASK: Unscramble the letters to form the term that describes the given phrase. Write the
letters on the blanks provided.
1. The BOILING POINT of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid
equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor.
2. The FREEZING POINT is lower than the melting point in the case of mixtures and for certain
organic compounds such as fats.

FLASHCHECK: PROBLEM SOLVING

1. What is the molality of a solution dissolved in chloroform that boils at 62.8°C? Boiling point of
chloroform is 61.2°C? Kb chloroform 3.63°c/m
2. A solution prepared from 0.3 g of an unknown nonvolatile solute and 30 g CCl4 has a boiling point
of 0.392°C higher than that pure CCl4. What is the molecular weight of the solute?

START UP: Between the choices below, which is more likely to maintain the hot temperature of a
coffee? Coffee in a bottle or coffee in a thermos jug? What do you think is the reason behind this
condition?
The coffee in the jug can more maintain the hot temperature because a thermos is also used as a
vacuum flask. It reduces heat flow due to conduction and radiation to keep the beverages hot or cold.
Convection is not used because it maintains an equal temperature in a liquid.
INSTANT TASK: Decipher the Mystery Word! Using the Morse Code, decode the unknown word
below.
Mystery Word: THERMODYNAMIC
FLASHCHECK: PROBLEM SOLVING
1.) Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation, ΔH0 for methane gas, CH4, produced from graphite
and hydrogen gas according to the following reaction:
C (graphite) + 2H2 (g) → CH4 (g)
Analysis: Since this reaction that forms methane gas does not take place as written, ΔH0 of methane
is determined indirectly by using the following set of reaction whose ΔH0 values have been accurately
determined and applying Hess's Law.
1.) C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ΔH0 = -393.5 kJ
2.) H2 (g) + 1 /2O2 (g) → H2O(l) ΔH0 = -285.8 kJ
3.) CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2HO2 (l) ΔH0 = -890.4 kJ
Solution:
C (graphite) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ΔH0 = -393.5 kJ
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O(l) ΔH0 = -571.6 kJ
CO2 (g) + 2HO2 (l) → CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) ΔH0 = 890.4 kJ
C (graphite) + 2H2 (g) → CH4 (g) ΔH0 = -74.7 kJ

START UP: We usually feel thirsty after eating salty food. Why is this so?
The salt in salty foods is mainly sodium chloride, which is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs a lot of
water from its surroundings. And when we eat a lot of salt we will be so thirsty so we need to drink
more water.
INSTANT TASK: Study the disorganized letters. Try to organize or rearrange the letters to form the
exact word based on the supported description.
1. COLLIGATIVE PROPERTY -A property of a solution that is dependent on the ratio between
the total numbers of solute particles (in the solution) to the total number of solvent particles.
2. SUGAR -A sweet crystalline substance obtained from various plants, consisting essentially of
sucrose, and used as a sweetener in food and drink.
3. SODIUM CHLORIDE -A colorless crystalline compound occurring naturally in seawater and
halite; common salt.
 4. UNIVERSAL SOLVENT A substance that dissolves most chemicals. Water is referred as this
because it dissolves more substances than any other solvent.

FLASHCHECK:
Identify whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.
TRUE 1. Salt water solution will boil faster than just water alone.
TRUE 2. The higher the temperature, the higher the vapor pressure.
TRUE 3. A glass of water will evaporate faster than a glass of soda.
FALSE 4. A dissolved sugar in H2O can conduct electricity but will evaporate slowly.
FALSE 5. The effect of electrolytes on colligative properties is very low compared to nonelectrolytes.
2. Observe from your surroundings. Pick one from the different types of colligative properties and cite
one example that best exhibits it. Explain
Example: freezing point depression
Making some ice cream using salt and water that can freeze the water easily by pure water freezes at
0°C. However, by mixing in salt the  freezing point of this mixture of water and salt will drop well below zero.
This is why salt is used to keep roads free from ice.

START UP: Todays modern metal gates are made from aluminum, steel or occasionally cast iron in
which they are painted for finishing touch. Why is it essential to paint our gates?
To prevent rusting of our gates. Putting some paint or coating some paint helps to maintain the none-
rust of the gates and also give some design or beauty to our gates for some visitors to see.
INSTANT TASK: LET’S DO THE NAKED EGG EXPERIMENT!
Questions:
1. Looking at the physical appearance of the egg, explain how does it look like after soaking for 24
hours.
Since the shell has been removed, the egg is transparent. The only thing left is a fragile shell of the
egg that surrounds the white and yolk.
2. What have you noticed in the vinegar at the container?
Some of the vinegar are attached to the egg that is transparent and also it has some formed some
dirt or something that has bubbles on it.
3. Touching the egg after 24 hours of soaking, explain how it feels.
The egg is to soft and very jelly like and I also can see the inside of it. It is smooth in texture and
really don’t have any shells on it.
4. Remove the raw egg from the vinegar and allow it to sit out on the table for one (1) day. What have
you observed to the egg?
The yolk or the inside of the egg is more visible and also It became more softer.

FLASHCHECK: Answer the following questions below. Write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Enumerate the five factors that affects the rate of chemical reaction.
a. Number of the Reactants
b. Temperature
c. Concentration of Reactants
d. Physical State of Reactants
e. Catalysts
2. Why does a chemical reaction that takes place at a higher temperature generates more energy?
When the temperature rises, so do the energy levels of the molecules involved in the reaction, and
hence the rate of the reaction rises.
3. Explain how catalysts work in a chemical reaction. Give examples
A catalyst is a product that can be added to a reaction to speed up the reaction without being
absorbed. Catalysts normally accelerate a reaction by lowering the activation energy or modifying the
mechanism of the reaction.
Example:
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen gas in the presence of potassium
permanganate. Two molecules of hydrogen peroxide combine to form two molecules of water and
one molecule of oxygen. This method can be accelerated by using a potassium permanganate
catalyst. As potassium permanganate is added to hydrogen peroxide, a reaction occurs that
generates a lot of heat and releases a lot of water vapor.
4. What is the relation of activation energy and catalyst?
The minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur. Catalysis is the process of increasing
the rate of a chemical reaction by decreasing its activation energy.
START UP: Food coloring will spread out faster in the warmer water. Why is this so?
The food coloring dissolves faster in hot water than it does in cold water. This is because the water
molecules in hot water have more energy and move faster than the molecules in cold water. This
facilitates the dye's dispersion in the hot water.
INSTANT TASK: SHARING EXPERIENCES.
Have you experienced colliding into something or someone unexpectedly? Have you seen two things
collided with an ear-splitting crash? A thing dropped from a high place and crushed as it landed? Tell
us your experience through writing an essay! Relate your experience with the idea of molecular
collisions.
Story:
 It is a rainy season in our place and one time we needed to go to my Lola’s house because
she is not feeling well. We have a motorcycle and also a car but the car has no gasoline so we use
our motorcycle even though it is very dangerous for us because it is very rainy. I am driving not so
fast because the ground is too slippery and cannot drive fast. The front is so very foggy and I can’t
see the road so much. After a while one driver of the Tricycle is very fast in driving and he overtake to
someone and he crash to us and we slip and have so much bruise in the arms and feet. But we thank
god because we live. We crash to the tricycle but we are the one that slip and tricycle is just have a
twist in the front. I feel the force of the tricycle how they drive because when they crash to us the front
of our motorcycle broke and we flew away so far from the motorcycle. The tricycle is too big and too
heavy than the motorcycle so we flew away when we collide. Because the tricycle can handle the
force that our motorcycle give or push them.

FLASHCHECK: Answer the following questions. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. In your own words, explain the collision theory.
Collision theory claims that when suitable reactant particles collide, only a certain number of collisions
result in a perceptible or noticeable change; these successful changes are referred to as successful
collisions. Collision theory investigates why reactions occur at different rates and proposes ways to
change the rate of a reaction. According to collision theory, in order for a chemical reaction to occur,
the reacting particles must collide.
2. Differentiate the orders of reaction.
We all know that reaction has an individual order ““with respect to” or “in” each reactant.
For the simple reaction A → products:
 As [A] doubles, so does the pace, and the reaction is first order with respect to A.
 The rate quadruples when [A] doubles, meaning that the reaction is second order with respect
to A.
 If the rate does not change as [A] doubles, and the reaction order is zero order with respect to
[A], the rate does not depend on [A].
3. Determine the reaction orders from the given rates:

a. [NO] has an exponent of 2 and [O2] has an exponent of 1. As a result, the reaction order is second
order for NO, first order for O2, and third order overall.
b. The reaction is first order in H2O2, first order in I-, and overall second order. As a result, since the
reactant H+ does not exist in the rate law, the reaction is of zero order with respect to H+.