RETCHIE S.

SIMBAJON MSCE-I
ASSEMBLY #1
Plain Concrete Beam without CFRP

Computations on the behavior of beam & slab on flexure and shearing strengths
a.) Load P e.) Ultimate Moment, Mu (KN.m)
b.) Deflection
c.) Strength of the beam
Yielding Moment, My (KN.m)
Tensile stress at the bottom, fb (MPa)
d.) Beam Rotation/Slope
Parameters: where:
f'c = 20.7 MPa f'c = compressive strength of concrete
b= 200 mm For Normal Wght. Concrete: λ = 1
h= 300 mm
L= 1.5 m
SOLUTION:
a.) Service Load, P
Assuming Building Occupancy for Office Use:
Concentrated Live Load as per NSCP Table 205-1
PLL = 9.00 KN
Self-weight of Concrete Beam with L = 1.5m:
Unit weight for Concrete = 23.54 KN/m^3
PDL = (23.54 KN/m^3)*(0.2m)*(0.3m)*(1.5m)
PDL = 2.12 KN
Service Load P = PLL + PDL
P= 11.12 KN

b.) Deflection, δDL+LL

b.1.) Considering an Uncracked Section - Plastic Material

εc = 0.0035 fc

yb

εt = 0.0035 ft
Solve for Service Load Moment, Ma:
For simply supported beam with concentrated load at midspan:
Ma = PL/4
Ma = 4.17 KN.m
Location of the Neutral Axis:
c = yb = h/2
c = yb = 300mm/2
c = yb = 150 mm
Gross Moment of Inertia:
Ig = (bh^3)/12
Ig = [(200mm)(300mm)^3]/12
Ig = 450,000,000.00 mm^4
Modulus of Rupture:
fr = 0.62λ√f'c
fr = 0.62 (1) √20.7 N/mm^2
fr = 2.82 N/mm^2
Cracking Moment:
Mcr = fr Ig/yb
Mcr = 8.46 KN.m > Ma (OK)

b.2.) Considering Cracked Section - Elastic Material

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete:

Ec = 4700√f'c
Ec = 4700√20.7 N/mm^2
Ec = 21,383.71 N/mm^2

Area of concrete in tension area will be neglected:

Cracked Moment of Inertia:
Icr = (bc^3)/3
Icr = [(200mm)(150mm)^3]/3
Icr = 225,000,000.00 mm^4

Effective Moment of Inertia:

Ie = [(Mcr/Ma+)^3] (Ig) + [1 - (Mcr/Ma+)^3] (Icr)
Ie = [(8.46/4.17)^3] (450,000,000) + [1 - (8.46/4.17)^3] (225,000,000) mm^4
Ie = 2,105,479,936.01 mm^4
 b.3.) Solve for Instantaneous Deflection
For simply supported beam with concentrated load at midspan:
P (L^3)
δDL+LL =
48 (Ec) (Ie)
[(11.12 KN) (1.5m)^3]
δDL+LL =
48 (21,383.71 N/mm^2) (2,105,479,936.01 mm^4)
δDL+LL = 0.0174 mm

c.) Strength of the Beam

c.1) Yielding Moment, My c.2) Tensile stress at the bottom, fb
Since unreinforced beam, no yielding point fb = My yb/Ie
Concrete crushes at cracking moment, Mcr fb = (8.46 x 10^6 N.mm) (150 mm)
Hence, My = Mcr 2,105,479,936.01 mm^4
My = 8.46 KN.m fb = 0.6029 MPa

d.) Beam Rotation/ Slope

ϴ = (Ma) (yb) ϴ= (0.30 N/mm^2)
(Ec) (Ie) (21,383.71 N/mm^2)
ϴ= fb/ Ec ϴ= 0.00002819 rad.

e) Ultimate Moment Causing Failure - Concrete Crushes in Compression

Since unreinforced beam, no yielding point
Concrete crushes at cracking moment, Mcr
Hence, Mu = Mcr
Mu = 8.46 KN.m
ASSEMBLY #2
Plain Concrete Beam with CFRP

Computations on the behavior of beam & slab on flexure and shearing strengths
a.) Load P e.) Ultimate Moment, Mu (KN.m)
b.) Deflection
c.) Strength of the beam
Yielding Moment, My (KN.m)
Tensile stress at the bottom, fb (MPa)
d.) Beam Rotation/Slope
Parameters: where:
f'c = 20.7 MPa f'c = compressive strength of concrete
b= 200 mm For Normal Wght. Concrete: λ = 1
h= 300 mm Use: 80mm x 1.2mm CFRP 80 1.2
L= 1.5 m
SOLUTION:
a.) Service Load, P
Assuming Building Occupancy for Office Use:
Concentrated Live Load as per NSCP Table 205-1
PLL = 9.00 KN
Self-weight of Concrete Beam with L = 1.5m:
Unit weight for Concrete = 23.54 KN/m^3
PDL = (23.54 KN/m^3)*(0.2m)*(0.3m)*(1.5m)
PDL = 2.12 KN
Service Load P = PLL + PDL
P= 11.12 KN

b.) Deflection, δDL+LL

b.1.) Considering an Uncracked Section - Plastic Material

εc = 0.0035 fc

yb

εt = 0.0035 ft
Solve for Service Load Moment, Ma:
For simply supported beam with concentrated load at midspan:
Ma = PL/4
Ma = 4.17 KN.m
Location of the Neutral Axis:
c = yb = h/2
c = yb = 300mm/2
c = yb = 150 mm
Gross Moment of Inertia:
Ig = (bh^3)/12
Ig = [(200mm)(300mm)^3]/12
Ig = 450,000,000.00 mm^4
Modulus of Rupture:
fr = 0.62λ√f'c
fr = 0.62 (1) √20.7 N/mm^2
fr = 2.82 N/mm^2
Cracking Moment:
Mcr = fr Ig/yb
Mcr = 8.46 KN.m > Ma (OK)

b.2.) Considering Cracked Section - Elastic Material

εc = 0.0035 fc
Cc

My dcfrp - c/3

n ACFRP fCFRP TCFRP

Assuming the following CFRP properties:

Modulus of Elasticity, ECFRP = 290 GPa ACFRP = 96.00 mm^2
Tensile Yield Strength, fCFRP = 3,000 MPa dCFRP = 300.6 mm
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete:
Ec = 4700√f'c
Ec = 4700√20.7 N/mm^2
Ec = 21,383.71 N/mm^2
Solve for modulus of elasticity ratio in terms of concrete, n:
n = ECFRP/ Ec n = 290 x 10^3 MPa/ 21,383.71 MPa
n = 13.56
Locate the centroidal axis of cracked section:
c= [(b)(c)(c/2)] + [(n)(ACFRP)(dCFRP)] yb = h - c
[(b) (c)] + [(n) (ACFRP)] yb = 300mm - 56.39mm
c= 56.39 (By Excel Spreadsheet Solver) yb = 243.61 mm
c= 56.39 mm
 Cracked Moment of Inertia:
Icr = (bc^3)/3 + n ACFRP (dCFRP - c)^2
Icr = [(200mm)(56.39mm)^3]/3 + [(13.56)(96mm^2)(300.6mm - 56.39mm)^2]
Icr = 89,598,975.96 mm^4

Effective Moment of Inertia:

Ie = [(Mcr/Ma+)^3] (Ig) + [1 - (Mcr/Ma+)^3] (Icr)
Ie = [(8.46/4.17)^3] (450,000,000) + [1 - (8.46/4.17)^3] (89,598,975.96) mm^4
Ie = 3,101,718,507.65 mm^4

b.3.) Solve for Instantaneous Deflection

For simply supported beam with concentrated load at midspan:
P (L^3)
δDL+LL =
48 (Ec) (Ie)
[(11.12 KN) (1.5m)^3]
δDL+LL =
48 (21,383.71 N/mm^2) (3,101,718,507.65 mm^4)
δDL+LL = 0.0118 mm

c.) Strength of the Beam

c.1) Yielding Moment, My c.2) Tensile stress at the bottom, fb
From stress distribution diagram: fb = My yb/Ie
My = ACFRP fCFRP (dcfrp - c/3) fb = (81.16 x 10^6 N.mm) (243.61 mm)
My = (96)(3,000)(300.6 - 56.39/3) KN.m 3,101,718,507.65 mm^4
My = 81.16 KN.m fb = 6.3744 MPa

d.) Beam Rotation/ Slope

ϴ = (My) (yb) ϴ= (6.3744 N/mm^2)
(Ec) (Ie) (21,383.71 N/mm^2)
ϴ= fb/ Ec ϴ= 0.00029810 rad.

e) Ultimate Moment Causing Failure - Concrete Crushes in Compression

εc = 0.0035

Mn = Mn = dCFRP - a/2
Mu/ø Mu/ø

Apply Equilbrium Equation to solve for a:

TCFRP = Cc ACFRP (fCFRP) = 0.85 f'c ab
(96 mm^2) (3,000 N/mm^2) = 0.85 (20.7 N/mm^2) (a) (200mm)
a= 81.84 mm
Ultimate Moment, Mu: where ø = 0.9 (Flexure)
Mu = ø TCFRP (dCFRP - a/2) Mu = ø ACFRP fCFRP (dCFRP - a/2)
Mu = (0.90 ) (96) (3,000) (300.6 - 81.84)/ (1000^2) KN.m
Mu = 67.31 KN.m
ASSEMBLY #3
Reinforced Concrete Beam without CFRP
8mm stirrups spaced
2-10mm top

2-12mmf bot.

Computations on the behavior of beam & slab on flexure and shearing strengths
a.) Load P e.) Ultimate Moment, Mu (KN.m)
b.) Deflection
c.) Strength of the beam
Applied Moment, Ma (KN.m)
Tensile stress at the bottom, fb (MPa)
d.) Beam Rotation/Slope
Parameters: where:
f'c = 20.7 MPa f'c = compressive strength of concrete
fy = 275 MPa fy = yield strength of steel
b= 200 mm For Normal Wght. Concrete: λ = 1
h= 300 mm Concrete cover, dc = 40 mm
L= 1.5 m
SOLUTION:
a.) Service Load, P
Assuming Building Occupancy for Office Use:
Concentrated Live Load as per NSCP Table 205-1
PLL = 9.00 KN
Self-weight of Concrete Beam with L = 1.5m:
Unit weight for Concrete = 23.54 KN/m^3
PDL = (23.54 KN/m^3)*(0.2m)*(0.3m)*(1.5m)
PDL = 2.12 KN
Service Load P = PLL + PDL
P= 11.12 KN

b.) Deflection, δDL+LL

b.1.) Considering an Uncracked Section - Plastic Material

εc = 0.0035 fc

yb

εt = 0.0035 ft
Solve for Service Load Moment, Ma:
For simply supported beam with concentrated load at midspan:
Ma = PL/4
Ma = 4.17 KN.m
Location of the Neutral Axis:
c = yb = h/2
c = yb = 300mm/2
c = yb = 150 mm
Gross Moment of Inertia:
Ig = (bh^3)/12
Ig = [(200mm)(300mm)^3]/12
Ig = 450,000,000.00 mm^4
Modulus of Rupture:
fr = 0.62λ√f'c
fr = 0.62 (1) √20.7 N/mm^2
fr = 2.82 N/mm^2
Cracking Moment:
Mcr = fr Ig/yb
Mcr = 8.46 KN.m > Ma (OK)

b.2.) Considering Cracked Section - Elastic Material

b

Ts

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete: Modulus of Elasticity of Steel:

Ec = 4700√f'c Es = 200,000 MPa
Ec = 4700√20.7 N/mm^2
Ec = 21,383.71 N/mm^2

Steel Reinforcement Areas: Depth of Steel Reinforcement:

Tensile Steel, As = 226.19 mm^2 d= h - dc
Comp. Steel, A's = 157.08 mm^2 d= 260 mm

Solve for modulus of elasticity ratio in terms of concrete, n:

n = Es/ Ec n = 200 x 10^3 MPa/ 21,383.71 MPa
n = 9.35
 Locate the centroidal axis of cracked section for positive moment region:
Considering only positive moment region, neglect area of compression steel, A's
c= [(b)(c)(c/2)] + [(n)(As)(d)] yb = h-c
[(b) (c)] + [(n) (As)] yb = 300mm - 64.34mm
c= 64.34 (By Excel Spreadsheet Solver) yb = 235.66 mm
c= 64.34 mm

Cracked Moment of Inertia:

Icr = (bc^3)/3 + n As (d - c)^2
Icr = [(200mm)(64.34mm)^3]/3 + [(9.35)(226.19mm^2)(260mm - 64.34mm)^2]
Icr = 98,746,656.14 mm^4

Effective Moment of Inertia

Ie = [(Mcr/Ma+)^3] (Ig) + [1 - (Mcr/Ma+)^3] (Icr)
Ie = [(8.46/4.17)^3] (450,000,000) + [1 - (8.46/4.17)^3] (98,746,656.14) mm^4
Ie = 3,034,412,725.42 mm^4

b.3.) Solve for Instantaneous Deflection

For simply supported beam with concentrated load at midspan:
P (L^3)
δDL+LL =
48 (Ec) (Ie)
[(11.12 KN) (1.5m)^3]
δDL+LL =
48 (21,383.71 N/mm^2) (3,034,412,725.42 mm^4)
δDL+LL = 0.0120 mm

c.) Strength of the Beam

c.1) Yielding Moment, My c.2) Tensile stress at the bottom, fb
From stress distribution diagram: fb = My yb/Ie
My = As fy (d - c/3) fb = (14.84 x 10^6 N.mm) (235.66 mm)
My = (226.19)(275)(260 - 64.34/3) KN.m 3,034,412,725.42 mm^4
My = 14.84 KN.m fb = 1.1524 MPa

d.) Beam Rotation/ Slope

ϴ = (My) (yb) ϴ= (1.1524 N/mm^2)
(Ec) (Ie) (21,383.71 N/mm^2)
ϴ= fb/ Ec ϴ= 0.00005389 rad.

e) Ultimate Moment Causing Failure - Concrete Crushes in Compression

Mn = d - a/2
Mn =
Mu/ø Mu/ø
εst
Apply Equilbrium Equation to solve for a:
Considering ultimate moment is located at positive moment region,
Neglect area of compression steel, A's
Ts = Cc As (fy) = 0.85 f'c ab
(226.19 mm^2) (275 N/mm^2) = 0.85 (20.7 N/mm^2) (a) (200mm)
a= 17.68 mm
Ultimate Moment, Mu: where ø = 0.9 (Flexure)
Mu = ø Ts (d - a/2) Mu = ø As fy (d - a/2)
Mu = (0.90 ) (226.19) (275) (300 - 17.68/2)/ (1000^2) KN.m
Mu = 14.06 KN.m
ASSEMBLY #4
Reinforced Concrete Beam with CFRP
8mm stirrups spaced at
2-10mm top

2-12mmf

Computations on the behavior of beam & slab on flexure and shearing strengths
a.) Load P e.) Ultimate Moment, Mu (KN.m)
b.) Deflection
c.) Strength of the beam
Applied Moment, Ma (KN.m)
Tensile stress at the bottom, fb (MPa)
d.) Beam Rotation/Slope
Parameters: where:
f'c = 20.7 MPa f'c = compressive strength of concrete
fy = 275 MPa fy = yield strength of steel
b= 200 mm For Normal Wght. Concrete: λ = 1
h= 300 mm Concrete cover, dc = 40 mm
L= 1.5 m Use: 80mm x 1.2mm CFRP 80 1.2
SOLUTION:
a.) Service Load, P
Assuming Building Occupancy for Office Use:
Concentrated Live Load as per NSCP Table 205-1
PLL = 9.00 KN
Self-weight of Concrete Beam with L = 1.5m:
Unit weight for Concrete = 23.54 KN/m^3
PDL = (23.54 KN/m^3)*(0.2m)*(0.3m)*(1.5m)
PDL = 2.12 KN
Service Load P = PLL + PDL
P= 11.12 KN

b.) Deflection, δDL+LL

b.1.) Considering an Uncracked Section - Plastic Material

εc = 0.0035 fc

yb

εt = 0.0035 ft
Solve for Service Load Moment, Ma:
For simply supported beam with concentrated load at midspan:
Ma = PL/4
Ma = 4.17 KN.m
Location of the Neutral Axis:
c = yb = h/2
c = yb = 300mm/2
c = yb = 150 mm
Gross Moment of Inertia:
Ig = (bh^3)/12
Ig = [(200mm)(300mm)^3]/12
Ig = 450,000,000.00 mm^4
Modulus of Rupture:
fr = 0.62λ√f'c
fr = 0.62 (1) √20.7 N/mm^2
fr = 2.82 N/mm^2
Cracking Moment:
Mcr = fr Ig/yb
Mcr = 8.46 KN.m > Ma (OK)

b.2.) Considering Cracked Section - Elastic Material

b
Cc
My
d - c/3
dcfrp - c/3

Ts
TCFRP

Assuming the following CFRP properties:

Modulus of Elasticity, ECFRP = 290 GPa ACFRP = 96.00 mm^2
Tensile Yield Strength, fCFRP = 3,000 MPa dCFRP = 300.6 mm

Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete: Modulus of Elasticity of Steel:

Ec = 4700√f'c Es = 200,000 MPa
Ec = 4700√20.7 N/mm^2
Ec = 21,383.71 N/mm^2

Steel Reinforcement Areas: Depth of Steel Reinforcement:

Tensile Steel, As = 226.19 mm^2 d= h - dc
Comp. Steel, A's = 157.08 mm^2 d= 260 mm

Solve for CFRP modulus of elasticity ratio in terms of concrete, n1:

n1 = ECFRP/ Ec n1 = 290 x 10^3 MPa/ 21,383.71 MPa
n1 = 13.56
 Solve for Steel modulus of elasticity ratio in terms of concrete, n2:
n2 = Es/ Ec n2 = 200 x 10^3 MPa/ 21,383.71 MPa
n2 = 9.35

Locate the centroidal axis of cracked section for positive moment region:
Considering only positive moment region, neglect area of compression steel, A's
c = [(b)(c)(c/2)] +[(n1)(ACFRP)(dCFRP)] +[(n2)(As)(d)] yb = h-c
[(b)(c)] + [(n1)(ACFRP)] + [(n2)(As)] yb = 300mm - 81.43mm
c= 81.43 (By Excel Spreadsheet Solver) yb = 218.57 mm
c= 81.43 mm

Cracked Moment of Inertia:

Icr = (bc^3)/3 + n1 ACFRP (dCFRP - c)^2 + n2 As (d - c)^2
Icr = [(200mm)(81.43mm)^3]/3 + [(13.56)(96 mm^2)(300.60mm - 81.43mm)^2]
+ [(9.35)(226.19mm^2)(260mm - 81.43mm)^2]
Icr = 165,995,283.30 mm^4

Effective Moment of Inertia

Ie = [(Mcr/Ma+)^3] (Ig) + [1 - (Mcr/Ma+)^3] (Icr)
Ie = [(8.46/4.17)^3] (450,000,000) + [1 - (8.46/4.17)^3] (165,995,283.30) mm^4
Ie = 2,539,618,267.68 mm^4

b.3.) Solve for Instantaneous Deflection

For simply supported beam with concentrated load at midspan:
P (L^3)
δDL+LL =
48 (Ec) (Ie)
[(11.12 KN) (1.5m)^3]
δDL+LL =
48 (21,383.71 N/mm^2) (2,539,618,267.68 mm^4)
δDL+LL = 0.0144 mm

c.) Strength of the Beam

c.1) Yielding Moment, My
From stress distribution diagram:
My = As fy (d - c/3) + ACFRP fCFRP (dcfrp - c/3)
My = (226.19)(275)(260 - 81.43/3) KN.m +
(96)(3000)(300.6 - 81.43/3) KN.m
My = 93.24 KN.m

c.2) Tensile stress at the bottom, fb

fb = My yb/Ie
fb = (93.24 x 10^6 N.mm) (218.57 mm)
2,539,618,267.68 mm^4
fb = 8.0245 MPa

d.) Beam Rotation/ Slope

ϴ = (Ma) (yb) ϴ= (8.0245 N/mm^2)
(Ec) (Ie) (21,383.71 N/mm^2)
ϴ= fb/ Ec ϴ= 0.00037526 rad.
e) Ultimate Moment Causing Failure - Concrete Crushes in Compression
b

Mn = d - a/2 dCFRP
Mn = Mu/ø - a/2
Mu/ø

Apply Equilbrium Equation to solve for a:

Considering ultimate moment is located at positive moment region,
Neglect area of compression steel, A's
Ts + TCFRP = Cc As (fy) + ACFRP (fCFRP) = 0.85 f'c ab
(226.19 mm^2) (275 N/mm^2) + (96 mm^2) (3,000 N/mm^2)
= 0.85 (20.7 N/mm^2) (a) (200mm)
a= 99.52 mm
Ultimate Moment, Mu: where ø = 0.9 (Flexure)
Mu = ø [Ts (d - a/2) + TCFRP (dCFRP - a/2)]
Mu = ø [As fy (d - a/2) + ACFRP (fCFRP) (dCFRP - a/2)
Mu = (0.90 ) [(226.19) (275) (300 -99.52/2)
+(96)(3000)(300.6-99.52/2)]/(1000^2) KN.m
Mu = 76.79 KN.m
SUMMARY OF FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR FOR DIFFERENT CONCRETE BEAM ASSEMBLY

Beam Service Load P Cracking Instantaneous Yielding Tensile Stress at Beam Rotation/ Ultimate
Assembly (KN) Moment (KN.m) Deflection (mm) Moment (KN.m) the Bottom (MPa) Slope (rad) Moment (KN.m)

PCB 11.12 8.46 0.0174 8.46 0.6029 0.00002819 8.46

PCB w/ CFRP 11.12 8.46 0.0118 81.16 6.3744 0.00029810 67.31
RCB 11.12 8.46 0.0120 14.84 1.1524 0.00005389 14.06
RCB w/ CFRP 11.12 8.46 0.0144 93.24 8.0245 0.00037526 76.79

Legend:
PCB = Plain Concrete Beam
PCB w/ CFRP = Plain Concrete Beam with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer
RCB = Reinforced Concrete Beam
RCB w/ CFRP = Reinforced Concrete Beam with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer

Beam Deflection Chart Bending Stress Chart

RCB W/ CFRP 0.0144 RCB W/ CFRP 8.0245
Beam Assembly

Beam Assembly

RCB 0.0120 RCB 1.1524

PCB W/ CFRP 0.0118 PCB W/ CFRP 6.3744

PCB 0.0174 PCB 0.6029

0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200 0.0000 1.0000 2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000 6.0000 7.0000 8.0000 9.0000
Deflection, mm Bending Stress, MPa