Name: Patual, Kryzll Jaile C.

Date: ______________

Course and Section: STS - NST 1 C

Summary of Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology

Ancient Times Oriental Times Medieval Times Renaissance Modern Times

Great advances were made
Oriental studies is an Science – notably geometry in geography, astronomy,
academic field of study that and astronomy – was chemistry, physics,
encompasses Near Eastern directly tied to the divine for mathematics,
The origins of science can
and Far Eastern most medieval scholars, who manufacturing, anatomy,
be traced back to from
communities and cultures, thought that God created the and engineering during the
3000 to 1200 BCE in
languages, peoples, history, universe according to Renaissance. The term
Ancient Egypt and
and archaeology; it has been geometric and harmonic Scientific Renaissance was
Mesopotamia.
renamed Middle Eastern principles. As a result, coined by Marie Boas Hall
studies and Asian studies in seeking these ideals is to describe the early period
recent years. tantamount to seeking God. of the Scientific Revolution,
1450–1630.
CHINESE CIVILAZATION
Many people regard
c. 1600–221 BC
Aristotle to be the first Early Middle Ages (AD 476–
scientist, despite the fact
Chinese Contributions: 1000)
that the term predates him
a) Silk High Middle Ages (AD 1000–
by more than two millennia.
b) Gunpowder 1300)
He pioneered the
c) Great wall of China Late Middle Ages (AD 1300–
techniques of reasoning,
d) Tea Production 1500)
observation, inquiry, and
e) Compass
demonstration in Greece in
f) Printing
the fourth century BC.
g) Paper
The most encountered China's scientific and The works of Robert
problems in ancient time are technological history is both Grosseteste, Roger Bacon,
the acronym TC SHA MAR long and rich, with John of Sacrobosco,
which stands for: numerous contributions to Albertus Magnus, and Duns
T – Transformation science and technology. Scotus were notable among
C – Communication China is the birthplace of them. Scholastics believed
 many sciences, including in empiricism and the use of
S – Security astronomy, physics, secular research, reason, and
H- Health chemistry, meteorology, and logic to defend Roman
A – Architecture and seismology. Catholic dogma.
Engineering

M – Mass Production
A – Aesthetic
R – Record Keeping
Major Technological List of inventions that Doctor Mirabilis (Latin:
Advancement in Ancient took place in ancient "Wonderful Teacher"), an
Times China are as follows: English Franciscan
1. Abacus philosopher and educational
 SUMERIAN 2. Kite reformer (born c. 1220,
CIVILIZATION 3. Lanterns Ilchester, Somerset, or
4100-1750 BCE 4. Clocks Bisley, Gloucester? England
(cooperative, developed 5. Compass —died 1292, Oxford? ), was
many things connected 6. Crossbow a notable medieval
with Science and 7. Seismoscope proponent of experimental
Technology) 8. Fan research.
9. Fireworks
 BABYLONIAN 10. Gliders
CIVILIZATIONS 11. Seed Drill
1895 BC–539 BC 12. Plough
(great builders, engineers, 13. Harness for horses
and architects) 14. Gunpowder
15. Paper
16. Porcelain
 EGYPTIAN
17. Boat rudder
CIVILIZATION
18. Silk
3150 BC
19. Wheelbarrow
(infrastructure,
20. Lacquer
engineering technology)
21. Paper money
22. Stirrups
 GREEK
CIVILZATION 800
BC
  ROMAN
CIVILAZATION 21
April 753 BC
Sumerians’ Contributions: The origins of agriculture, Early Middle Ages Science
a) Cuneiform the development of Contributors:
b) Uruk City metallurgy, the  Anatolius of
c) The Great Ziggurat ofestablishment of cities, the Laodicea
Ur invention of writing, the  Nemesius
d) Irrigation and Dikes structuring of territorial  Isodore of Miletus
e) Sailboats states, and the introduction  Anthemius of
f) Wheel of monotheism all took Tralles
g) Roads place in Western Asia  John Philoponus
between the 10th and 1st  Paul of Aegina
millennia BC.
 Rabanus Maurus
 Leo the
Mathematician
 Abbas Ibn Firnas
 Pope Sylvester II
 Maslamah al-Majriti
 Abukcasis
Babylonians’ Contribution: 16 contributions, made by High Middle Ages
ancient Indians to the world Contributors:
a) Hanging Gardens of of science and technology:  Michael Psellos
Babylon  Constantine the
1. The Idea of Zero African
2. The decimal system  Arzachel
3. Numerical Notation  Avempace
4. Fibonacci Numbers  Adelard of Bath
5. Binary Numbers  Avenzoar
6. Chakravala method  Gerald of Cremona
of Algorithms  Robert Grosseteste
7. Ruler measurement  Albert the Great
8. A theory of Atoms  John of Sacrobosco
9. The heliocentric  Jordanu de Nemore
theory  Villard de
10. Wootz steel Honnecourt
 11. Smelting Zinc  Roger Bacon
12. Seamless metal  Ibn al-Baitar
globe  Nicholas Myrepsos
13. Plastic surgery  Theodoric
14. Cataract surgery Borgognoni
15. Ayurveda  William of Saliceto
Iron-cased rockets  Thomas Aquinas
 Arnaldus de Villa
Nova (1235-1313)
 Theodoric of
Freiberg ( c. 1250 –
c. 1311)
 Pseudo-Geber (fl
late 1 century)
 John Duns Scotus
(1266 – 1308)
Egyptians’ Contributions: Late Middle Ages
Contributors:
a) Wig  Theodore
b) Hieroglyphics Metochites
c) Cosmetics  Mondino de Liuzzi
d) Water Clock /  Manuel Bryennios
Clepsydra  William of Ockham
e) Paper / Papyrus  Jacopo Dondi
dell’Orologio
 Richard of
Wallingford
 Jean Buridan
 Guy de Chauliac
 John Arderne
 Nicole Oresme
 Giovanni Dondi
dell’Orologio
 Nicholas of Cusa
 regiomantanus
Greek Contributions: 7 ingenious inventions of the
 Middle Ages
a) Alarm Clock 1. Getting defensive.
b) Water Mill Castles are probably
the most famous
invention of the
Middle Ages. ...
2. Knights in shining
armour. ...
3. Weapons of mass
production. ...
4. Toilet talk. ...
5. Fortunes in
Fleece. ...
6. Creating a spectacle.
...
7. Hold the press.

Romans’ Contribution: Most innovative minds came

a) Newspaper from this period
b) Bound books or
codex Printing press
c) Roman architecture Microscope
d) Roman numerals Telescope
War weapons
References:

Espinosa, 2021 STS – Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology – Part 1 YouTube

Espinosa, 2021 STS – Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology – Part 2 YouTube

Lo Presti, R. History of science: The first scientist. Nature 512, 250–251 (2014).

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History of science and technology in China. (2018, January 11). New World Encyclopedia,  . Retrieved 04:27, September 12, 2021
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Pal, Sanchari (2016) 16 Significant Science and Tech Discoveries Ancient India Gave the World

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