KURT LOUISE M.

ARGUELLES ICE- 1202

TIMELINE OF

Historical Antecedent
From Ancient Times to 1 Metal
TRADITION
600 B.C. ........................................

PAPYRUS 3000 B.C. HEALING

a thick paper- made form the PRACTICES
papyrus plant, a reed which
grows in the marshy areas
around the Nile River.
IMHOTEP 2650 B.C.
he was claimed to have
it was created from the path identified and cured over 200
of swamp sedge Cyperus diseases.
Papyrus. he also performed surgery and
Because of PAPYRUS.... created Memphis’s first
Egyptians writing became easy to store and medical school.
transport,
knowledge of one scholar could be easily “Trial and Error Basis”
transferred to other scholar,
Egyptians medicine became the most respected
form of medicine in the known world.

“ THE INVENTIONS IN ANCIENT WORLD

ARE HISTORY’S FIRST INKLINGS OF
SCIENCE” MESOPOTAMIANS CHINESE
Pottery Compasses
“Pottery’s Wheel” (1000 B.C.)
A period of cultural,
economic and
scientific flourishing
in the history of
Advent of Science
Islam, 8th century to 600 B.C. to 500 A.D.
the 14th century.
The Ancient Greeks
All the scholars around the world with
2 were the early
thinkers and they
diff. cultural background were gathered
were the first
to translate all the world’s classical
scientist.
knowledge into Arabic Language. They collected facts,
Astronomy was useful in determining observation and
the Qibla, which is the direction in which then used those
to pray, observation to
Botany is applied in agriculture explain the natural
Geography enabled scientists to make world.
accurate maps. Scientific thought in Classical Antiquity
Mathematics also flourished during the becomes tangible from the 6th century BC
in pre-Socratic philosophy (Thales,
Islamic Golden Age with the works of
Pythagoras).
Al-Khwarizmi, Avicenna and Jamshid
In circa 385 BC, Plato founded the
al Kashi that led to advanced in
Academy. With Plato's student Aristotle
algebra, trigonometry, geometry and begins the "scientific revolution" of the
Arabic. Hellenistic period culminating in the 3rd to
2nd centuries with scholars such as
Eratosthenes, Euclid, Aristarchus.
This period produced substantial advances
Islamic Golden Age 3 in scientific knowledge, especially in
anatomy, zoology, botany, mineralogy,
geography, mathematics and
astronomy;
 Science and Technology in ANCIENT CHINA’S FOUR
GREAT INVENTIONS
Ancient China COMPASS
Ancient Chinese
4
Discovered the world market and
engineers and scientists found the colonies.
produced important
scientific discoveries,
discoveries, and
innovations in a range of GUNPOWDER
scientific fields include Blew up the knightly class.
mathematics, astronomy,
geology, engineering,
medicine, and the natural
PRINTING
sciences.
the instrument of Protestantism
and the regeneration of science in
general; the most powerful lever
for creating the intellectual
The Renaissance prerequisites.”

(1300 AD – 1600 AD) 5

PAPER MAKING
The Renaissance
was considered as
“GOLDEN AGE OF
SCIENTIST”. The Enlightenment Period
substantial advancements were made
(1715 A.D. to 1789 A.D.)
in the fields of geography, astronomy, 6 The Age of Reason, also
chemistry, physics, mathematics, known as the
anatomy, manufacturing, and Enlightenment Period, was
marked by a fundamental
engineering.
Fall of Constantinople reorientation in science
that stressed reason over

1453, old scientific works superstition and

science over blind faith.
recovered more
quickly, and the The American and French Revolutions were
invention of printing directly inspired by Enlightenment ideas, and
they represented the zenith of the Enlightenment's
made education
dominance and the beginning of its downfall,
more widely respectively. The Enlightenment eventually gave
available and place to Romanticism in the nineteenth century.
hastened the
dissemination of 17th Century Key Philosopher
new ideas. of the
Scientific Revolution
The epochal accomplishment of Isaac 6
Newton's Principia Mathematica, which Galileo
consists of understanding a wide range Galilei
Isaac Newton
of physical phenomena—most notably
Principia Mathematica
the motions of celestial bodies and 1686
sublunary bodies.
Newton's theory greatly supports the Johannes
Kepler
Enlightenment idea of nature as a John Locke
disciplined environment regulated by Essay concerning Human
strict mathematical-dynamical Understanding
1689
principles Gottfried
Wilhelm
Leibniz
 The Industrial Revolution THE USE OF NEW ENERGY SOURCES:

(1760 - 1840) 7 COAL, STEAM ENGINE, ELECTRICITY,

PETROLEUM AND THE INTERNAL-
COMBUSTION
The industrial
revolution occurred The spinning
between the 18th jenny, created by
and 19th centuries. James
In the 1700s, a Hargreaves in
revolution began
1764,
with coal, iron, and
The Power Loom,
textiles. invented by Edmund
Cartwright on 1784-
Significant developments in agriculture,
1785.
industry, mining, transportation, and
A loom is a device
technology had a significant impact on
used to weave
socioeconomic and cultural situations. threads together to
Took place in Britain, then spreading create cloth.
throughout the Europe, North America
and eventually the world
A NEW ORGANIZATION OF
WORK KNOWN AS THE
FACTORY SYSTEM
The factory system
MAIN FEATURES INVOLVED
was originally used in
IN THE INDUSTRIAL the late
REVOLUTION 1700s in the United
Kingdom. The
THE USE OF NEW MATERIALS: utilization of
IRON AND STEEL equipment, first
driven by water or
James Watt
steam and
invented the steam
subsequently by
engine during the
electricity.
Industrial Revolution
in England in the late
1700s .
8 20th Century Science:
The British had turned their iron ores into
iron and steel by burning the raw
Physics and Information Age
material with tree-derived charcoal.

THE USE OF NEW ENERGY SOURCES:

COAL, STEAM ENGINE, ELECTRICITY,
PETROLEUM AND THE INTERNAL-
COMBUSTION
The primary driver of
this change was the
harnessing of thermal
The 20th century was an
energy to create
important century in the history
mechanical energy,
of the sciences.
primarily from coal
It generated entirely novel
mines for steam
insights in all areas of research.
engines.
The scientific legacy of the 20th
Century gives proof of the
revolutionary changes in many
areas of science.
MAIN FEATURES INVOLVED IN Science and Technology in the
20TH CENTURY SCIENCE: 9
PHYSICS AND INFORMATION Fourth Industrial Revolution
AGE

Albert Einstein The blending of

was one of the the physical,
most influential digital, and
scientists of the biological
20th century. worlds
Technological advancements in 3D
printing, genetic engineering,
Major advances in
quantum computing, the Internet
a number of fields,
of Things (IoT), robots, and
including
artificial intelligence (AI).
nanotechnology
and the discovery
of sub-atomic MAIN FEATURES INVOLVED IN
particles. FOURTH INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
The Structure of
DNA, the bearer of Cloud
genetic computing-
information by store and
Crick and Watson retrieve the Data
in 1953

The most recent Virtual or Augmented

advancement in Reality [AR] combines
Astrophysics the physical and digital
worlds.
because they
Virtual Reality-
provide as more digital experiences
evidence for the that replicate the
tremendous unity actual world.
of physics. Biotechnology harnesses
cellular and
In 20th century, the biomolecular processes
doctors began to develop new
technologies and
performing organ
products for a range of
transplant and uses.
discovered
treatments for a
number of fatal
illnesses. Robots