HISTORICAL

ANTECEDENTS

OF SCIENCE

AND

TECHNOLOGY

WEEK 1
 1. History of Science and
Technology in Ancient
Culture
TOPICS: 2. The Dark Ages
3. The Middle Ages
4. The Black Death
Historical Antecedents of
Science and Technology

The history of science and technology refers

to the study of protoscience in ancient
history, prior to the development of science
in the Middle Ages.
Major Developments:
Writing
Agriculture
MESOPOTAMIA
They were formed after the Sumerians

Cuneiform
The form of writing using illustrations. They embedded it in clay tablets

Astronomy
It is the science that lends itself to the recording and study of
observations
EGYPT Significant Advances:

1. Astronomy
2. Mathematics
EGYPTIAN
3. Medicine
HIEROGLYPHS

Their phonetic system Mummification

It serves as their basis for Egyptian
Phonecian Alphabet Significant contribution in the study
of anatomy and physiology

3 - 4 - 5 Triangle

Represents rectilinear
structure including post and
lintel architecture
 EDWIN

SMITH

PAPYRUS

First medical document

The earliest document that attempts

to describe and analyze brain

Seen as the very beginnings of

neuroscience
 0202 SENILEDIUG DNARB FM
PERSIA
Sassanid Period
STRONG HOLD
Gives great attention to mathematics
FOR ISLAMIC
and astronomy
SCIENCE

Mid - Sassanid Period

An influx of knowledge came to Persia
from West in the form of views and
traditions of Greece
®
GRECO - ROMANS
"Wise Men"

EMERGENCE OF SCIENTIFIC
Plato FACTUAL
KNOWLEDGE PROBLEMS

He founded an Anatomy Methodological

Academy Zoology application of mathematics
Botany
and sciences to answer
Minerology
His students is the Geography
natural phenomena and
start of the Scientific Mathematics undertaking empirical
Revolution Astronomy research
INDIA

PRACTICAL
ALCHEMY
MATHEMATICS

MOHENJO - DARO RULER RASASASTRA IN SANSKRIT

It is applied on the production of bricks Popular in India

Standardized measurement of length An Indian Alchemist and philosopher

with high accuracy Kanada who introduced the concept of
"anu" which he defined as a matter
Standardized system for weights which cannot be subdivided.
 FOUR GREAT INVENTIONS
CHINA 1. Gunpowder
2. Compass
Inventions 3. Paper - making
4. Printing
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Acupuncture
Herbal Medicine
Abacus
Public Toilet
Shadow Clock
MEDIEVAL AGES

Period of Readjustment
They aim for PEACE and REBUILDING STRUCTURES after war
DARK AGES

Few written records remaining on that era

POVERTY AND IGNORANCE
EARLY MEDIEVAL

SOCIETY

TRUE DARK AGE

AD 500 - 1000
Dominant Features:
1. Barbarism and Ignorance
2. Norse Sailors were the master
navigators
3. Monastic studies kept some
scientific processes alive
4. Used stars and set the date
important to Easter
MIDDLE AGES
RENAISSANCE PERIOD
Charlemagne, Science and Learning

Dominant Features:
1. Preserved knowledge
2. Systematized education
HIGH Dominant Features:
1. Sudden increase of population
MIDDLE 2. Translated book from Arabic to
AGES Latin
3. Schools set up by Chalemagne
REBIRTH OF SCIENCE blossom
AND SCHOLASTICISM 4. Establishment of learning
centers known as the STUDIUM
GENERALE
 WELL KNOWN

SCHOLARS

THOMAS ROBERT ROGER

AQUINAS GROSSETESTE BACON

Major contributor of the Used the idea of induction as

Father of Scholasticism
Scientific Method the cornerstone of empiricism
Used philosophy to prove the
Founded Oxford Christian School Described the method of
existence of God
observation, prediction, and
Promote dualistic scientific experimentation
Oversaw a shift from Platonic
reasoning towards method first before Aristotle that
contributes to experimentation Noted that results should be
Aristotelian empiricism
and experimentation verified
 LATE BLACK
MIDDLE DEATH
AGES
Destroyer of
Scholasticism and Medieval Society
Scientific Method and Scholasticism
Removed divine Mass disruption to
intervention on medieval society
answering a caused by plague set
phenomena and the process of science
believed that looking at and discovery
the natural cause is
much easier through
scientific method
THANK YOU !!