variable.

9. Two areas of application of the concepts covered in this chapter are

the TV picture tube and electricity billing procedure.

REVIEW QUESTIONS
1.1 One millivolt is one millionth of a volt. 1.8 The voltage across a 1.1 kW toaster that produces a
(a) True (b) False current of 10 A is:
(a) 11 kV (b) 1100 V (c) 110 V (d) 11 V
1.2 The prefix micro stands for:
(a) 106 (b) 103 (c) 10−3 (d) 10−6 1.9 Which of these is not an electrical quantity?
(a) charge (b) time (c) voltage
1.3 The voltage 2,000,000 V can be expressed in powers
of 10 as: (d) current (e) power
(a) 2 mV (b) 2 kV (c) 2 MV (d) 2 GV 1.10 The dependent source in Fig. 1.19 is:
1.4 A charge of 2 C flowing past a given point each (a) voltage-controlled current source
second is a current of 2 A. (b) voltage-controlled voltage source
(a) True (b) False (c) current-controlled voltage source
1.5 A 4-A current charging a dielectric material will (d) current-controlled current source
accumulate a charge of 24 C after 6 s.
io
(a) True (b) False
vs + 6io
1.6 The unit of current is: !
(a) Coulomb (b) Ampere
(c) Volt (d) Joule
1.7 Voltage is measured in: Figure 1.19 For Review Question 1.10.
(a) Watts (b) Amperes
(c) Volts (d) Joules per second Answers: 1.1b, 1.2d, 1.3c, 1.4a, 1.5a, 1.6b, 1.7c, 1.8c, 1.9b, 1.10d.

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 amounts of electrons: 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 t (ms) Find the energy absorbed by the element in 2 s.
(a) 6.482 × 1017 (b) 1.24 × 1018 0
19
1020Concepts 2 4 6 8 t (s) 1.11 The voltage v across a device and the current i
(c) 2.46 × 10 CHAPTER 1 ×Basic
(d) 1.628 Figure 1.20 For Prob. 1.6. 23 through it are
1.2 Find the current flowing through an element if the !50 v(t) = 5 cos 2t V, i(t) = 10(1 − e−0.5t ) A
charge flow is given by: CHAPTER 1 Basic Concepts 23
Calculate:
PROBLEMS (a) q(t) = (t + 2) mC
Figure 1.21 For Prob. 1.7. (a) the total charge in the device at t = 1 s
(b) q(t) = (5t 2 + 4t − 3) C 1.7 The charge flowing in a wire is plotted in Fig. 1.21.
Section 1.3 Charge(c)and Current
q(t) = 10e pC−4t q (C) Sketch the corresponding current. (b) the power consumed by the device at t = 1 s.
P R O B L E M S (d) q(t) = 20 cos 50π t nC 50
1.8 The current flowing past a point in a device is shown
1.1 How many coulombs are represented by these in Fig. 1.22. Calculate the total charge through the
−2t
Section
amounts 1.3 (e) q(t)
of electrons: Charge
= 5e and sinCurrent
100t µC q (C) point.
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a device| if the | 2 50 4 |
17 18
(a) 6.482 ×
1.1 1.3 10
How many (b) 1.24 × 10 0
Find coulombs
the chargeareq(t)represented
flowing by these
through 8 t (s)
19
(c) 2.46 × 10amounts 20 6
is: 1.628 × 10
(d)
of electrons:
current i (mA)
17 18
1.2 Find the current (a) ×
(a) flowing
6.482 10=
i(t)
through 3 A,
an q(0) (b)
element ifCthe× 10 20
= 11.24 !50 0 10
×i(t) 19
10 = (2t + 5) (d) q(0) × = 10 2 4 6 8 t (s)
charge flow is(c) 2.46
given (b)
by: mA,1.628 0
(c) i(t) = 20 cos(10t + π/6) µA, q(0) = 2 µC
1.2 = (t Find
(a) q(t) + 2)the mC current flowing through an element if the Figure 1.21 For !50
Prob. 1.7.
2
(b) q(t) = (5tcharge (d)
+ 4tflow i(t)C= 10e−30t sin 40t A, q(0) = 0
− 3) is given by: 0 1 2 t (ms)
−4t
(c) q(t) = 10e (a) q(t)
1.4 pCThe= current
(t + 2) flowing
mC through a device 1.8 is
Figure 1.21
The current flowing past a For
Figure
point in a1.7.
Prob. device is shown
(d) q(t) = 20(b)cosq(t)
50πt =nC
i(t) =
(5t52 sin
+ 4t6π− t A.3) Calculate
C the total charge flow
in Fig. 1.22. Calculate the1.22 For Prob.
total charge 1.8. the
through
−2t
(e) q(t) = 5e(c) q(t)sinthrough
100t µC−4t
= 10e device from t = 0 to t = 10 ms. point.
the pC
1.8 The current flowing past a point in a device is shown
1.3 Find the charge(d)q(t)
1.5 q(t) = 20 cos
Determine
flowing 50πt
the
through nC
total chargeifflowing
a device the into an element 1.9 The current through an element is shown in Fig.
in Fig. 1.22. Calculate the total charge through the
current is: (e) q(t) for=05e<−2tt< sin2100t
s when µCthe current entering its i (mA) 1.23. Determine the total charge that passed through
point.
positive terminal is i(t) = e −2t
mA. the element at:
1.3 = 3 A,
(a) i(t) Findq(0)the=charge
1 C q(t) flowing through a device if the 10
(a) t = 1 s (b) t = 3 s (c) t = 5 s
(b) i(t) = (2t
1.6 + 5) mA,
current The q(0) =entering
is: charge 0 a certain element is shown in i (mA)
(c) i(t) = 20(a) i(t)Fig.
cos(10t = 1.20.
+ 3π/6) Find=
µA,
A, q(0) the
q(0)1 Ccurrent
= 2 µCat: 10 i (A)
(b) i(t) = (2t + 5) mA, q(0)t =
−30t (a) t = 1 ms (b) (c) t = 10 ms
(d) i(t) = 10e sin 40t A, q(0) = 0 = 60 ms 0 1 10 2 t (ms)
1.4 = 20 cos(10t
(c) i(t)through
The current flowing a device + isπ/6) µA, q(0) = 2 µC
i(t) = 5 sin 6πt
(d) A. = 10e−30t
i(t)Calculate thesin 40tcharge
total A, q(0) =0
flow Figure 1.22 For Prob.
0
1.8.
5 1 2 t (ms)
through the device from t = 0 to t = 10 ms.
1.4 The current flowing
q(t) (mC) through a device is
1.5 Determine thei(t)total= charge
5 sin 6πt A. Calculate
flowing the total charge1.9
into an element Figure 1.22
flow The current through an element is shown
For Prob. 1.8. in Fig.
for 0 < t < 2through
s when the device 80 from
current t = its
entering 0 to t = 10 ms. 1.23. Determine the total0charge1 that 2passed3through 4 5 t (s)
positive terminal is i(t) = e−2t mA. the element at:
1.5 Determine the total charge flowing into an element (a) t 1.9 Figure
t = 31.23
The current throughFor
= 1 s 1.23.(b)Determine
an Prob.
s the total
element
=1.9.
(c) tcharge
is shown in Fig.
5 s that passed through
1.6 for 0 <at certain
The charge entering < 2 s whenelementtheiscurrent
shownentering
in its
Fig. 1.20. Findpositive
the current at: is i(t) = e−2t mA.
terminal the element
Sections 1.4at:
and 1.5 Voltage, Power, and
= 1 ms The (b)
(a) t 1.6 t = 6 ms (c) t = 10 ms i (A) (a) t = 1 s (b) t = 3 sEnergy (c) t = 5 s
charge entering a certain element is shown in 10
Fig. 1.20. Find the current at: 1.10 A certain electrical element draws the current
(a) t = 1 ms (b) t = 6 ms (c) t = 10 ms i (A)
5 i(t) = 10 cos 4t A at a voltage v(t) = 120 cos 4t V.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 t (ms) 10 Find the energy absorbed by the element in 2 s.
q(t) (mC)
1.11 5 The voltage v across a device and the current i
80
Figure 1.20 For Prob. 1.6. 0 1 2 through
3 it4are 5 t (s)
q(t) (mC)
v(t) = 5 cos 2t V, i(t) = 10(1 − e−0.5t ) A
Figure 1.23 For Prob.
0 1.9.1 2 3 4 5 t (s)
80 Calculate:
Sections 1.4 and 1.5 Voltage, Power, and
1.7 The charge flowing in a wire is plotted in Fig. 1.21. Figure 1.23
(a) theFor
total 1.9. in the device at t = 1 s
charge
Prob.
Sketch the corresponding current. Energy
(b) the power consumed by the device at t = 1 s.
1.10 Sections
A certain 1.4 and
electrical element1.5draws the Voltage,
currentPower, and
i(t) = 10 cos 4t A at a voltage v(t)Energy= 120 cos 4t V.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 t (ms) Find the energy absorbed by the element in 2 s.
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| | 1.11
1.10 A certain electrical element draws the current
The voltage vi(t)
across
= 10a device
cos 4t Aandat the currentv(t)
a voltage i = 120 cos 4t V.
Figure 1.20 For Prob. 1.6.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 t (ms) through it areFind the energy absorbed by the element in 2 s.
= 5 cos
1.11
v(t) The2t voltage
V, = 10(1
across
vi(t) − e−0.5t
a device A current i
and) the
 6A 12 V 1A
+ !

3A + !
28 V
+
0 1 3 4 t (s) + –
30 V ! Vo + 5Io
24 PART 1 DC Circuits !
Figure 1.24 For Prob. 1.13.
6A 3A
Section 1.6 1.12 Circuit
The current entering the positive terminal of a
Elements 1.16 Determine Io in the circuit of Fig. 1.27.
device is i(t) = 3e−2t A and the voltage across the
1.14 Figure 1.25 shows
devicea iscircuit
v(t) =with five elements.
5 di/dt V. If Figure 1.28 For Prob. 1.17.
12 V
p1 = −205 W, p = 60 W, p
(a) 2Find the charge = 45 W, p = 30 W,
4 delivered 5to the device between + !
calculate the power received
t =p03 and t = 2ors. delivered by Section 1.7 Applications
5A Io 3A
element 3.
(b) Calculate the power absorbed.
1.18 It takes eight photons
+ to strike the surface of a +
+
2 (c) Determine 4 the energy absorbed in 3 s. 20 V ! 20 Vone electron. If 8 V
photodetector in order to emit
1.13 Figure 1.24 shows the current through and the 4 × 1011 photons/second strike! the surface of the!
1
voltage
3
across a device.
5
Find the total energy photodetector, calculate the amount of current flow.
absorbed by the device for the period of 0 < t < 4 s.
1.19 Find the power rating of the following electrical3 A
i (mA) appliances in your household:
50 Figure 1.27 For (b)
(a) Lightbulb Prob.Radio
1.16. set
Figure 1.25 For Prob. 1.14. (c) TV set (d) Refrigerator
1.15 Find the power absorbed by each of the elements in (e)1.17 Find
Personal Vo in the circuit
computer (f ) PCof Fig. 1.28.
printer
Fig. 1.26. (g) Microwave oven (h) Blender
0 2 4 t (s) Io = 2 A
I = 10 A 10 V 8V 4A 1.20 A 1.5-kW electric heater is connected to a 120-V
+ v!(V) + ! source. + !
10 (a) How much current does 28 V
the heater draw?
p2 14 A p4 6A 12 V 1 A
!
(b) If the heater is on for+ 45 minutes, how much
+ + p5 energy is consumed in kilowatt-hours (kWh)?
+ !
3A
30 V + p1 p3 (c) Calculate the cost of operating the heater 28 for
V 45
! 20 V 12 V
+
0! 1 3 4 !t (s) 0.4I minutes if energy
+ costs 10 cents/kWh. –
30 V ! Vo + 5Io
1.21 A 1.2-kW toaster takes roughly 4!minutes to heat
Figure 1.24 For Prob. 1.13.
four slices of
6 Abread. Find the cost of operating the 3A
toaster once per day for 1 month (30 days). Assume
FigureSection
1.26 For1.6Prob. 1.15.
Circuit Elements energy costs 9 cents/kWh.
1.14 Figure 1.25 shows a circuit with five elements. If Figure 1.28 For Prob. 1.17.
p1 = −205 W, p2 = 60 W, p4 = 45 W, p5 = 30 W,
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| | calculate the power p3 received or delivered by

element 3.
Applications
1.18 It takes eight photons to strike the surface of a
2 4 photodetector in order to emit one electron. If
4 × 1011 photons/second strike the surface of the
1 3 5 photodetector, calculate the amount of current flow.
1.19 Find the power rating of the following electrical
appliances in your household:
(a) Lightbulb (b) Radio set
Figure 1.25 For Prob. 1.14. (c) TV set (d) Refrigerator
1.15 Find the power absorbed by each of the elements in (e) Personal computer (f ) PC printer
Fig. 1.26. (g) Microwave oven (h) Blender