Name of the Subject Code & Name: AC8602 & Spacecraft Dynamics

Department : Aerospace Engineering

PART – A (10 x 2 = 20)

1. Define Orbital mechanics.

2. Classify the types of spacecraft.
3. Delineate geosynchronous orbit.
4. Write the laws how a satellite stays in orbit.
5. State equilibrium of motion.
6. Write the Conservation of Angular Momentum.
7. Recall the Stability of rotation motion about principle axis.
8. State pression of gyro.
9. Give an outline of Attitude control.
10. Write a short note on rotational matrices.

PART – B (5 x 13 = 65)

11. (a) (i) A satellite in circular geocentric orbit of 300 km altitude has a mass of 1500
kg, and the moments of inertia relative to a body frame with origin at the center of
mass G are,

If at a given instant the components of angular velocity in this frame of reference are,

calculate the total kinetic energy of the satellite.

(ii) Discuss breifly Classical orbital elements .

(or)

(b) At time t=0, a comet is at x=+3.0, y=+6.0 AU and it has a velocity with
components x˙=−0.2, y˙=+0.4 times 29.7846917 km s−1. Find the orbital
elements a, e, ω and T.

12. (a) (i) Explain the factors behind perturbation of satellite's orbit and its position.

(or)

(b) (i) Describe the transfer orbits and derive an expression for Hohmann transfer.
(ii) Discuss about Sun-Synchronous Orbits and its Equator crossing time.

13. (a) (i) Explain about the Rotational inertia theorems .

 (ii) Write the equation of kinetic energy of rotating rigid body .

(or)

(b) (i) Derive an expression of Kinematics of moving frames.

14. (a) ( The gyro rotor shown has a constant spin rate ω spin around axis b–a in the
direction shown. The XYZ axes are fixed. The xyz axes are attached to the gimbal ring,
whose angle θ with the vertical is increasing at the constant rate θ˙ in the direction
shown. The assembly is forced to process at the constant rate N around the vertical,
as shown. Calculate the absolute angular velocity and acceleration of the rotor in the
position shown, expressing the results in both the XYZ and the xyz frames of
reference.

(or)

(b) (i) Discuss the concept of moment of momentum and find the rate of change of
momentum.
(ii) A gyroscope spins with its tip on the ground and is spinning with negligible
frictional resistance. The disk of the gyroscope has mass 0.3 kg and is spinning at 20
rev/s. Its center of mass is 5.0 cm from the pivot and the radius of the disk is 5.0 cm.
What is the precessional period of the gyroscope?

15. (a) (i) Derive generalized form of Euler equation of rotational dynamics and its
use.
(ii) Write the effect of energy dissipation on stability of rotational motion.

(or)

(b) (i) Derive an expression of attitude control of spinning satellites for response in
axes fixed in the structure and response in non-spinning axes.

PART – C (1 x 15 = 15)

16. (a) AZA of 322 km and is to be transferred to a geostationary orbit (GEO) at 35,
860 km using a Hohmann transfer determine the characteristics of the transfer
ellipse, the total ∆v required and ∆vT.

(or)

(b) The inertial components of the angular momentum of a torque-free rigid body
are The Euler angles are φ = 20◦ θ = 50◦ ψ = 75`q (b) If the
inertia tensor in the body-fixed principal frame is

calculate the inertial components of the (absolute) angular acceleration.