Problem 13

There are 24 students in a seventh grade class. They decided to plant birches and roses at the school's backyard.
While each girl planted 3 roses, every three boys planted 1 birch. By the end of the day they planted 24 plants. How
many birches and roses were planted?
Solution:
Let x be the number of roses. Then the number of birches is 24−x, and the number of boys is 3×(24−x). If each
girl planted 3 roses, there are x3 girls in the class. 
We know that there are 24 students in the class. Therefore x3+3(24−x)=24
x+9(24−x)=3⋅24
x+216−9x=72
216−72=8x
1448=x
x=18
So, students planted 18 roses and 24−x=24−18=6 birches.
Problem 14
A car left town A towards town B driving at a speed of V=32 km/hr. After 3 hours on the road the driver stopped
for 15 min in town C. Because of a closed road he had to change his route, making the trip 28 km longer. He
increased his speed to V=40 km/hr but still he was 30 min late. Find:
a) The distance the car has covered.
b) The time that took it to get from C to B. 
Solution:
From the statement of the problem we don't know if the 15 min stop in town C was planned or it was unexpected.
So we have to consider both cases.
1st case. The stop was planned. Let us consider only the trip from C to B, and let x be the number of hours the
driver spent on this trip.
Then the distance from C to B is S=40⋅x km. If the driver could use the initial route, it would take
him x−3060=x−12 hours to drive from C to B. The distance from C to B according to the initially itinerary
was (x−12)⋅32 km, and this distance is 28 km shorter than 40⋅x km. Then we have the equation
(x−1/2)⋅32+28=40x
32x−16+28=40x
8x=12 
x=128   x=1412=12060=1 hr 20 min.
So, the car covered the distance between C and B in 1 hour and 20 min. 
The distance from A to B is 3.32 + 12/8.40 = 96 + 60 = 156 km.
2nd case. The driver did not plan the stop at C. Suppose it took x hours for him to get from C to B. Then the
distance is S=40⋅x km. It took x−3060−1560=x−4560=x−34 h to drive from C to B. The distance from C to B
is 32(x−34) km, which is 28 km shorter than 40⋅x, i.e.
32(x−34)+28=40x
32x−24+28=40x
4=8x
x=12hr⋅x=30min. Then the time of the trip from C to B was 30 min. The distance covered
equals 3⋅32+12⋅40=96+20=116km.
Problem 15
If a farmer wants to plough a farm field on time, he must plough 120 hectares a day. For technical reasons he
ploughed only 85 hectares a day, hence he had to plough 2 more days than he planned and he still has 40 hectares
left. What is the area of the farm field and how many days the farmer planned to work initially?
Solution:
Let x be the number of days in the initial plan. Therefore, the whole field is 120⋅x hectares. The farmer had to work
for x+2 days, and he ploughed 85(x+2) hectares, leaving 40 hectares unploughed. Then we have the equation:
120x=85(x+2)+40
35x=210
x=6
So the farmer planned to have the work done in 6 days, and the area of the farm field is 120⋅6=720 hectares.