General Mathematics Module 2021-2022

Community Colleges of the Philippines
301 Mabini Street Quezon District, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija

Tel. no. (044) 600-1487 E-mail: ccpcabanatuan@gmail.com
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Quarter 1
1st Semester
Prepared by:
Senior High School Teacher
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
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Table of Contents
Lesson 1
Functions ……………………………………………………………………………………………..3
Lesson 2
Rational Functions …………………………………………………………………………………..16
Lesson 3
Intercepts, Zeroes, and Asymptotes of Rational

Functions……………...…………………………………………………………….………………..28
Lesson 4
Inverse Functions ……………………………………………………………………..……………..38
Lesson 5
Exponential Functions ………………………………………………………………..……………..43
Lesson 6
Logarithmic Functions ……………………………………………………………….……………..50
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Learning Objectives:
a. recall the concepts of relations and functions;
b. define and explain functional relationship as a mathematical model of situation; and
c. represent real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise function.
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate understanding of key concepts of functions.
Performance Standard:
The learners are able to accurately construct mathematical models to represent real-life situations using
functions.
Overview
Function is defined as “a relation in which each element of the domain
corresponds to exactly one element of the range.” In this module, we will represent
real-life situations using functions, evaluate functions, and perform operations on
functions.
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Lesson Discussion:
Function and Relation
A relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all first elements of the ordered pairs is called the
domain of the relation, and the set of all second elements is called the range.
A function is a relation or rule of correspondence between two elements (domain and range) such that each
element in the domain corresponds to exactly one element in the range.
Example
Given the following ordered pairs, which relations are functions?
A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
B = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
C = {(1,0), (0, 1), (-1,0), (0,-1)}
D = {(a,b), (b, c), (c,d), (a,d)}
Solution
The relations A and B are functions because each element in the domain corresponds to a unique element
in the range.
A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
B = {(3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
Meanwhile, relations C and D are not functions because they contain ordered pairs with the same domain
[C = (0,1) and (0,-1), D = (a,b) and (a,d)].
C = {(1,0), (0, 1), (-1,0), (0,-1)}
D = {(a,b), (b, c), (c,d), (a,d)}
Example
How about from the given table of values, which relation shows a function?
A.
X 1 2 3 4 5 6
Y 2 4 6 8 10 12
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B.
X 4 -3 1 2 5
Y -5 -2 -2 -2 0
C.
X 0 -1 4 2 -1
Y 3 4 0 -1 1
Solution:
A and B are functions since all the values of x corresponds to exactly one value of y.
Unlike table C, where -1 corresponds to two values, 4 and 1.
X 0 -1 4 2 -1
Y 3 4 0 -1 1
Example
We can also identify a function given a diagram. On the following mapping diagrams, which do you think
represent functions?
A. C.
B.
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Solution
The relations A and C are functions because each element in the domain corresponds to a unique element
in the range.
However, B is a mere relation and not function because there is a domain which corresponds to more than
one range.
A relation between two sets of numbers can be illustrate by graph in the Cartesian plane, and that a function
passes the vertical line test. A graph of a relation is a function if any vertical line drawn passing through
the graph intersects it at exactly one point.
Example
Using the vertical line test, can you identify the graph/s of function?
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A and C are graphs of functions while B and D are not because they do not pass the vertical line test.
Note: we can represent functions in different ways. It can be represented through words, tables, mappings,
equations and graphs.
Piecewise Functions
A piecewise function is a function in which more than one formula is used to define the output. Each
formula has its own domain, and the domain of the function is the union of all these smaller domains.
formula 1 if x is in domain 1
f(x) = formula 2 if x is in domain 2
formula 3 if x is in domain 3
Example
1. A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 200 free text
messages. Messages in excess of 200 are charged ₱1.00 each. Represent the monthly cost for text
messaging using the function t(m), where m is the number of messages sent in a month.
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Solution:
t(m) = 250 if 0 < m ≤ 200 For sending messages of not exceeding 200
(250 + m) if m > 200 In case the messages sent were more than 200
2. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is ₱250.00 per head for 50 persons or
less, ₱200.00 per head for 51 to 100 persons, and ₱150.00 per head for more than 100. Represent
the total cost as a piecewise function of the number of attendees to the party.
Solution:
c(h) = 250 if n ≤ 50 Cost for a service to at least 50 persons
200 if 51≤ n ≤ 100 Cost for a service to 51 to 100 persons
150 if n > 100 Cost for a service to more than 100 persons
Evaluation Function
Evaluating function is the process of determining the value of the function at the number assigned to a
given variable. Just like in evaluating algebraic expressions, to evaluate function you just need to:
a) replace each letter in the expression with the assigned value and
b) perform the operations in the expression using the correct order of operations.
Example : Given (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4 , find the value of the function if 𝑥 = 3.
Solution:
𝑓(3) = 2(3) − 4 Substitute 3 for x in the function
𝑓(3) = 6 − 4 Simplify the expression on the
right side of the equation .
𝑓(3) = 2
Answer: Given (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4 , 𝑓(3) = 2
Example : Given (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 7 , find g(-3).

Solution:
𝑔(−3) = 3(−3)2 + 7
Substitute -3 for x in the
𝑔(−3) = 3(9) + 7 function
𝑔(−3) = 27 + 7 Simplify the expression on the
right side of the equation .
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𝑔(−3) = 34
Answer: Given 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 7, g(-3) = 34
Example : Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 1, find 𝑓(ℎ + 1).

Solution:
This time, you substitute (h+1)
𝑓(ℎ + 1) = 5(ℎ + 1) + 1
into the equation for x.
𝑓(ℎ + 1) = 5ℎ + 5 + 1
𝑓(ℎ + 1) = 5ℎ + 6
Use the distributive property on
Answer: Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 1, 𝑓(ℎ + 1) = 5ℎ + 6 the right side, and then combine
like terms to simplify.
Example 9: Given (𝑥) = √3𝑥 − 2 , find g(9).

Solution:
𝑔(9) = √3(9) − 2 Substitute 9 for x in the function.
𝑔(9) = √27 − 2 Simplify the expression on the

right side of the equation.
𝑔(9) = √25
𝑔(9) = 5
Answer: Given (𝑥) = √3𝑥 − 2 , find g(9) = 5.
4𝑥+8
Example : Given ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥−4 , find the value of the function if x = -5
Solution:
4(−5) + 8 Substitute -5 for x in the function.
ℎ(−5) =
2(−5) − 4
Simplify the expression on the
−20 + 8 right side of the equation. (recall
ℎ(−5) = the concepts of the integers and
−10 − 4
simplifying fractions)
−12
ℎ(−5) =
−14
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6
ℎ(−5) =
7
4𝑥+8 6
Answer: Given ℎ(𝑥) = , ℎ(−5) =
2𝑥−4 7
3
Example: Evaluate 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 if 𝑥 = .
2
Solution:
3 3 3
𝑓 ( ) = (2)2 Substitute for x in the function.
2 2
3 Simplify the expression on the

𝑓 ( ) = √2 3
2 right side of the equation. (get the
3 cubed of 2 which is 8, then
𝑓 ( ) = √8
2 simplify)
3
𝑓 ( ) = √4 ∙ 2
2
3
𝑓 ( ) = 2√2
2
3
Answer: Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 , 𝑓 (2) = 2√2
Example: Evaluation the function ℎ(𝑥) = ‖𝑥‖ + 2 where ⌊𝑥⌋ is the greatest integer function given = 2.4 .
Solution:
Substitute 2.4 for x in the
ℎ(2.4) = ‖2.4‖ + 2 function.
ℎ(2.4) = 2 + 2 Simplify the expression on the

ℎ(2.4) = 4 (remember that in the greatest
integer function, value was
rounded-off to the real number to
Answer: Given ℎ(𝑥) = ‖𝑥‖ + 2, ℎ(2.4) = 4 the integer less than the number)
Example : Evaluate the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 8| where |𝑥 − 8| means the absolute value of 𝑥 − 8 if 𝑥 = 3.
Solution:
𝑓(3) = |3 − 8| Substitute 3 for x in the function.
𝑓(3) = |−5| Simplify the expression on the

𝑓(3) = 5 (remember that any number in the
absolute value sign is always
Answer: Given 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 8| , 𝑓(3) = 5
positive)
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Example : Evaluate the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 at 𝑓(2𝑥 − 3).

Solution:
𝑓(2𝑥 − 3) = (2𝑥 − 3)2 − 2(2𝑥 − 3) + 2

Substitute 2x-3 for x in
𝑓(2𝑥 − 3) = (4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9) − 4𝑥 + 6 + 2 the function.
𝑓(2𝑥 − 3) = 4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9 − 4𝑥 + 6 + 2 Simplify the
expression on the right
𝑓(2𝑥 − 3) = 4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 9 + 6 + 2
side of the equation.
𝑓(2𝑥 − 3) = 4𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 17
Operation on Functions
Definition. Let f and g be functions.
1. Their sum, denoted by +𝑔 , is the function denoted by (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥).
2. Their difference, denoted by −𝑔 , is the function denoted by (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥).
3. Their product, denoted by ▪𝑔 , is the function denoted by (𝑓▪𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)▪𝑔(𝑥).
𝑓
4. Their quotient, denoted by ⁄𝑔 , is the function denoted by (𝑓/𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)/𝑔(𝑥), excluding the
values of x where 𝑔(𝑥) = 0.
5. The composite function denoted by (𝑓°𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)). The process of obtaining a composite
function is called function composition.
Example : Given the functions:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1 ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 5
Determine the following functions:
a. (f + g) (x) e. (f + g) (3)
b. (f - g) (x) f. (f - g) (3)
c. (f ▪ g) (x) g. (f ▪ g) (3)
ℎ ℎ
d. (𝑔) (𝑥) h. (𝑔) (3)
Solution:
𝑎. ൫𝑓 + 𝑔൯(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) Definition of addition of functions replace

f(x) and g(x) by the given values combine like
𝑏. ൫𝑓 − 𝑔൯(𝑥)==(𝑥𝑓(𝑥)
+ 5)−+𝑔(𝑥)
(2𝑥 − 1) Definition of subtraction of functions replace
terms
==(𝑥
3𝑥++5)4 − (2𝑥 − 1) f(x) and g(x) by the given values distribute the
negative sign combine like terms
= −𝑥 + 6
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𝑐. ൫𝑓▪𝑔൯(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)▪𝑔(𝑥) Definition of multiplication of functions

replace f(x) and g(x) by the given values
= (𝑥 + 5)▪(2𝑥 − 1)
multiply the binomials
= 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 5
ℎ ℎ(𝑥)
𝑑. ቆ ቇ (𝑥) =
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥) Definition of division of functions replace
h(x) and g(x) by the given values factor the
2𝑥 2 +9𝑥−5
= 2𝑥−1 numerator
(𝑥 + 5)(2𝑥 − 1) cancel out the common factors
=
2𝑥 − 1
(𝑥 + 5)(2𝑥 − 1)
=
2𝑥 − 1
=𝑥+5
𝑒. ൫𝑓 + 𝑔൯(3) = 𝑓(3) + 𝑔(3) 𝑔. ൫𝑓▪𝑔൯(3) = 𝑓(3)▪𝑔(3)

= (3 + 5) + (2(3) − 1) = (3 + 5)▪(2(3) − 1)
=8+5 = 8▪5
= 13 = 40
𝑓. ൫𝑓 − 𝑔൯(3) = 𝑓(3) − 𝑔(3) ℎ ℎ(3)

𝑑. ቆ ቇ (𝑥) =
𝑔 𝑔(3)
= (3 + 5) − (2(3) − 1)
2(3)2 +9(3)−5
= −𝑥 + 6 = 2(3)−1
18 + 27 − 5
=
6−1
40
=
5
=8
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Composition of functions:
In composition of functions, we will have a lot of substitutions. You learned in previous lesson that to
evaluate a function, you will just substitute a certain number in all of the variables in the given function.
Similarly, if a function is substituted to all variables in another function, you are performing a composition
of functions to create another function. Some authors call this operation as “function of functions”.
Example 16: Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6, and ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2

Find (𝑓 ◦ ℎ)(𝑥)
Solution:
Definition of function composition
(𝑓 ◦ ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑓൫ℎ(𝑥)൯
Replace h(x)by x+2
= 𝑓(𝑥 + 2)
Since 𝑓 = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6 Given
𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = (𝑥 + 2)2 + 5(𝑥 + 2) + 6 Replace x by x+2
= 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 + 5𝑥 + 10 + 6 Perform the operations
= 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 20 Combine similar terms
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Note:
After you read and analyze Lesson 1, you may now proceed to Activity number 1.
Activity 1 in General Mathematics
Lesson 1: Functions
Name: __________________________________ Score: ____________
Grade & Section: _________________________ Date: _____________
I. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on the space provided before the
number.
________1. Which of the following is not true about function?

a. Functions is composed of two quantities where one depends on the other.
b. One-to-one function correspondence is a function.
c. Many-to-one correspondence is a function.
d. One-to-many correspondence is a function.
________2. In a relation, what do you call the y values or the output?
a. Piecewise
b. Range
c. Domain
d. Independent
________3. In this table, what is the domain of the function?
X 1 2 3 4 5
Y a b c d E
a. D:{2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
b. D:{a, b, c, d, e}
c. D:{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
d. y ={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, a, b, c, d}
________4. A person can encode 1000 words in every hour of typing job. Which of the following expresses
the total words W as a function of the number n of hours that the person can encode?
a. 𝑊(𝑛) = 1000 + 𝑛
1000
b. 𝑊(𝑛) = 𝑛
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c. 𝑊(𝑛) = 1000𝑛
d. 𝑊(𝑛) = 1000 − 𝑛
________5. Eighty meters of fencing is available to enclose the rectangular garden of Mang Gustin. Give
a function A that can represent the area that can be enclosed in terms of x.
a. 𝐴(𝑥) = 40𝑥 − 𝑥 2
b. 𝐴(𝑥) = 80𝑥 − 𝑥 2
c. 𝐴(𝑥) = 40𝑥 2 − 𝑥
d. 𝐴(𝑥) = 80𝑥 2 − 𝑥
II. Directions: Evaluate the following functions.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 5, find 𝑓(2)
Solution:
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 3|2𝑥|, find 𝑔(6)

Solution:
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III. Directions: Match column A with column B by writing the letter of the correct answer on the blank
before each number.
Column A Column B
Given:
______1. (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑥) 𝑥+2
𝑎(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 a. 𝑥−7
𝑏(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 3 ______2. (𝑎▪𝑏)(𝑥) 3

b. 𝑥+5
𝑥+5
𝑐(𝑥) = 𝑥−7 ______3. (𝑑 ◦ 𝑎)(𝑥) c. √𝑥 + 7
𝑑(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 5 𝑒
______4. ( ) (𝑥) d. 5𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 6
3 𝑐
𝑒(𝑥) = 𝑥−7
______5. (𝑐 + 𝑒)(𝑥) e. 6𝑥 − 1
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a. represent real-life situations using rational function;
b. distinguish rational function, rational equation, and rational inequality; and
c. solve rational equations and inequalities.
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate understanding of key concepts of rational functions.
The learners are able to accurately formulate and solve real-life problems involving rational functions.
Overview
A rational function is defined as “a function that is the ratio of two
polynomials.” In this module we will solve rational equations, inequalities, and
functions; represent rational function, determine the domain and range of a rational
function; and graph rational function.
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Lesson Discussion:
Rational Function
𝑝(𝑥)
A rational function, 𝑟(𝑥) is a function of the form 𝑟(𝑥) = where 𝑝(𝑥) and 𝑞(𝑥) are polynomial
𝑞(𝑥)
functions and 𝑞(𝑥) ≠ 0. The domain of 𝑟(𝑥) is a set of real numbers such that 𝑞(𝑥) is not zero.
Example:
𝑥 3 −1
1. 𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑥+1
,𝑥 ≠1 - Both numerator and denominator are polynomial functions,
denominator has restriction because it should not be equal to zero
1
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ≠ 0 - The numerator 1 is a polynomial function with a degree 0,
𝑥
the denominator is a polynomial function and it must be not equal to 0
Real-world relationship that can be modeled by rational functions:

Example
A car is to travel a distance of 70 kilometers. Express the velocity (v) as a function of travel of time (t)
in hours.
Solution:
Let us first show the relationship using a table. Remember that as time increases in travelling the
velocity or the speed of a car will decrease
Time (hours) 1 2 3 5 10
Velocity (k/hr) 70 35 23.33 14 7
70
Thus, the function 𝑣(𝑡) = can represent v as a function of t
𝑡
Rational Functions, Equations and Inequalities

A rational expression can be described as a ratio or quotient of two polynomials.
Consider the following algebraic expressions, determine whether they are rational or not and state the
reason.
3𝑥 2 −5𝑥+2
1. ; Rational expression because it is a ratio of two polynomials
𝑥+1
2
2. ; Rational expression because 1 and x – 5 are polynomials
𝑥−5
√𝑥−4
3. 2𝑥+1
; Not a rational expression since the numerator is not polynomial
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4. 𝑥 + 5; Rational expression because the numerator x+5 and denominator 1 are polynomials
To determine the difference among rational function, rational equation and rational inequality study the
table below:
Rational Equation Rational Inequality Rational Function

Definition An equation involving An inequality involving A function of the form
rational expression rational expressions 𝑝(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑞(𝑥) where 𝑝(𝑥)
and 𝑞(𝑥)are polynomial
functions and 𝑞(𝑥) is
not the zero function
Example 𝑥+4 1 𝑥−2 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8
= >3 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥−1 5 5 𝑥+4
Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities

1. Simplifying rational expression using the following steps.
Steps in simplifying rational expression 𝑥−2

𝑥2 − 4
1. Factor the denominator of the rational expression 𝑥−2
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2)
2. Cancel the common factor 𝑥−2
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2)
3. Write the simplified rational expression 1
(𝑥 + 2)
2. To multiply rational expressions you can do the following steps.

Steps in multiplying rational expression 3𝑥 + 1 𝑥 + 1
∙
𝑥 2 − 1 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥
1. Factor out all possible common factors. 3𝑥 + 1 𝑥+1
∙
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) 𝑥(3𝑥 + 1)
2. Multiply the numerators and denominators. (3𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1)
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)𝑥(3𝑥 + 1)
3. Cancel out all common factors. (3𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 1)
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)𝑥(3𝑥 + 1)
4. Write the simplified rational expression 1
𝑥(𝑥 − 1)
3. To add and subtract rational expressions with like denominators you can do the following steps.
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Steps in addition or subtraction of rational 5𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 + 4
expressions with like denominators +
𝑥−8 𝑥−8
1. the numerators of both expressions and keeping the 5𝑥 − 1 + 3𝑥 + 4
common denominator 𝑥−8
2. Combine like terms in the numerator. 5𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 4 − 1
𝑥−8
3. Write the simplified rational expression. 8𝑥 + 3
𝑥−8
4. To add and subtract rational expressions with unlike denominators you can do the following steps.
Steps in adding or subtracting rational expressions 6 2

with unlike denominators −
𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6
1. Factor the denominator of each fraction to help 6 2
find the LCD. −
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3)
2. Find the least common denominator (LCD) 𝐿𝐶𝐷: (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3)
3. Multiply each expression by its LCD 6(𝐿𝐶𝐷) 2(𝐿𝐶𝐷)
−
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3)
4. Write the simplified expression 6(𝑥 − 3) − 2(𝑥 + 2)
5. Let the simplified expression as the numerator and 6𝑥 − 18 − 2𝑥 − 4
the LCD as the denominator of the new fraction (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3)
6. Combine like terms and reduce the rational 4𝑥 − 22
expression if you can. In this case, the rational (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3)
expression cannot be simplified.
Rational equation is an equation containing at least one rational expression with a polynomial in the
numerator and denominator. It can be used to solve a variety of problems that involve rates, times and work.
Example:
Rational Equation 2 1 1
− =
𝑥2−2 𝑥−1 2
1 You need to find the Least Common Denominator 𝐿𝐶𝐷: 2(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2)
(LCD)
2 You need to multiply LCD to both sides of the 2 1 1
equation to eliminate the fractions. 2(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2) [ − = ]
𝑥2 − 2 𝑥 − 1 2
3 You simplify the resulting equation using the 2(2) − 2(𝑥 + 1) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)
distributive property and then combine all like terms. 4 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 𝑥 2 − 1
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
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4 You need to solve the simplified equation to find 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
the value/s of x. In this case, we need to get the (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
equation equal to zero and solve by factoring. 𝑥 + 3 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 − 1 = 0
𝑥 = −3 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1
Possible solutions are -3 and 1
5 Finally, you can now check each solution by 2 1 1
substituting in the original equation and reject any 2
− =
𝑥 −2 𝑥−1 2
extraneous root/s (which do not satisfy the equation).
When 𝑥 = −3
2 1 1
2
− =
(−3) − 2 (−3) − 1 2
2 1 1
− =
8 4 2
1 1
Solution =
2 2
When 𝑥 = 1
2 1 1
− =
(1)2 − 2 (1) − 1 2
2 1 1
− =
0 0 2
1
Not Solution 0=
2
Rational inequality is an inequality which contains one or more rational expressions. It can be used in
engineering and production quality assurance as well as in businesses to control inventory, plan production
lines, produce pricing models, and for shipping/warehousing goods and materials.
Example
Rational Inequality 3𝑥 + 1
≥2
𝑥−1
1 . Put the rational inequality in the 𝑅(𝑥)
general form where > can be replaced by >0
𝑄(𝑥)
<, ≤ and ≥. 3𝑥 + 1
−2≥0
𝑥−1
2 Write the inequality into a single 3𝑥 + 1 − 2(𝑥 − 1)
rational expression on the left-hand side ≥0
𝑥−1
𝑥+3
≥0
𝑥−1
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3 .Set the numerator and denominator Numerator : 𝑥 + 3 = 0
equal to zero and solve. The values you 𝑥 = −3
get are called critical values. Denominator: 𝑥 − 1 = 0
𝑥=1
4 Plot the critical values on a number
line, breaking the number line into
intervals
5 Substitute critical values to the 3𝑥 + 1

inequality to determine if the endpoints ≥2
𝑥−1
of the intervals in the solution should be
included or not. When 𝑥 = −3
3(−3)+1
(−3)−1
≥2
−8
−4
≥2
2≥2 ✓ ( = −3 is included in the solution)
When 𝑥 = 1
3(1)+1
≥2
(1)−1
4
≥2
0
u𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 ≥ 2 ☓ ( = 1 is not included in the solution)

Illustration
6 Select test values in each interval and 3𝑥 + 1

substitute those values into the inequality ≥2
𝑥−1
When 𝑥 = −5
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3(−5) + 1
≥2
(−5) − 1
−14
≥2
−6
7
𝑜𝑟 2.33 ≥ 2 (𝑥 = −5 𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒)
3
When 𝑥 = −1
3(−1) + 1
≥2
(−1) − 1
−2
≥2
−2
1 ≥ 2 (𝑥 = −1𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸)
When 𝑥 = 3
3(3) + 1
≥2
(3) − 1
10
≥2
2
5 ≥ 2 (𝑥 = 3𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸)
Note:
a. If the test value makes the inequality TRUE, then
the entire interval is a solution to the inequality.
b. If the test value makes the inequality FALSE,
then the entire interval is not a solution to the
inequality.
7 Use interval notation to write the final
answer. (−∞, −3] ∪ (1, ∞)
Representation of Rational Functions

𝑝(𝑥)
Rational function is written in the form of 𝑓(𝑥) = . It should follow the following conditions; namely:
𝑞(𝑥)
1. Both p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions wherein it has no negative and fractional exponents.
2. The denominator or q(x) should not be equal to 0.
3. The domain of all values of x where q(x) ≠ 0.
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Example
a. Define a formula for the average cost for every 5 days to stay in the resort f(x).
To define the formula, use the formula in getting the average cost. Let the function be f(x). We can use the
formula of getting an average. Average problems use the formula 𝐴 = 𝑋/ , where A= Average, X= cost, and
s= number of days
Let f(x) represents the average cost per day and x represent the number in days. Note that ₱300,000.00 is a
fixed price you need to pay plus the ₱700.00 per day divided by the number of days (x). We will have,
300000 + 700(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥
Observe that it is similar to the structure of our original formula. Note that you will be using a formula
depending on the classification of problems given to you.
b. For every 5 day stay in the resort, create a table of values showing the average cost.
Solution: Make a table of values with x-values at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30.
x 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
y 0 20,965 41,930 62,895 83,860 104,825 125,790
From the table, we can observe that the average cost of stay decreases as the time increases. We can use a
graph to determine if the points of this function follow a curve or a line.
c. Graph the following points in the Cartesian plane.
By connecting the lines, we can clearly see that it follows a curve, thus a Rational Function.
Domain and Range of a Rational Functions
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The domain of a function is the set of all values that the variable x can take while the range of a function
is the set of all values that y or f(x) can take.
If you can recall, we can write the domain and range using different forms:
1. by roster format - this method enumerates the lists of all values in the set. Ex. The domain of r(t)
are (1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2).
2. by set-builder form or notation - for example, in numbers 10 to 20. you can say {x | x are even
numbers from 10 to 20). The | is read as “such that.” Assuming that you also include odd numbers
in the domain from 10 to 20, then, you can write the domain of the function D(x) as {x | x ϵ R,
10≤x≤20}, read as “x such that x is an element of a real number wherein x is greater than or equal
to 10 but less than or equal to 20.”
5
3. by interval notation – for example, in a function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−3, the domain of this function can be
written in the form, (-∞, 3) U (3, ∞). This means that the values of the domain can take all real
values of x except 3, otherwise the function is undefined.
In the succeeding activities, you will learn how to find the domain and the range using different
methods. But first let us have another activity that will facilitate the understanding of these methods.
Example
Find the domain and range of the rational function
2𝑥 − 3
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥2
first, we equate the denominator 𝑥 2 = 0, therefore 𝑥 = 0
Domain: {x | x ϵ R, x ≠ 0} or simply {x ϵ R | x ≠ 0}, that is all values can take the variable x except 0
because when the denominator becomes 0, f(x) will be undefined (undef).
To find the range, we use 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 so that,
2𝑥 − 3
𝑦=
𝑥2
𝑦𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 − 3
𝑦𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3 = 0 (𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)
Use (𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 ≥ 0) to get real solutions
Let 𝑎 = 𝑦, 𝑏 = −2, 𝑐 = 3
Therefore, (−2)2 − 4(𝑦)(3) ≥ 0
4 − 12𝑦 ≥ 0
4 ≥ 12𝑦
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1
2
≥𝑦
In summary, D(x) = {x ϵ R | x ≠ 0} and the Range is {y ϵ R | y ≤ 1/3}.

Example
𝑥−2
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+2
first, we equate the denominator x + 2 = 0, therefore x = -2
Domain: {x | x ϵ R, x ≠ -2}, that is all values can take the variable x except -2 because the denominator
becomes 0 and f(x) will be undefined. The interval notation can also be written as D (-∞, -2) U (-2, ∞).
To find the range, we use 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 so that,
𝑥−2
𝑦=
𝑥+2
in solving this, you just multiply y and the denominator x + 2 so that it becomes,
𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2
𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 = −2𝑦 − 2
𝑥(𝑦 − 1) = −2(𝑦 + 1)
−2(𝑦+1)
𝑥= 𝑦−1
Equate 𝑦 − 1 = 0
𝒚=𝟏
therefore, y ≠ 1, otherwise the denominator is zero.
Range: {y | y ϵ R, y ≠ 1}, that is all values can take the variable y except 1 because the denominator becomes
0 and x will be undefined.
Example
Find the domain of the rational function
3𝑥 2 −8𝑥−3
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 +7𝑥−4
first, we equate the denominator 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 4 = 0,
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by factoring we have, (2x - 1) (x + 4) = 0
therefore x = ½, x = -4
Domain: {x ϵ R | x ≠ -4, 1/2}, that is all values can take the variable x except -4 and 1/2 because the
denominator becomes 0 and f(x) will be undefined. The interval notation can also be written as D(-∞, -4)
U (-4, ½) U (1/2, ∞).
Example
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 4
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+1
first, we equate the denominator x + 1 = 0, therefore x = -1
Domain: {x ϵ R | x ≠ -1}, that is all values can take the variable x except -1 because the denominator
becomes 0 and f(x) will be undefined. The interval notation can also be written as D (-∞, -1) U (-1, ∞).
To find the range, we can factor first the numerator.
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 4)
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+1
You can cancel both (x + 1) of the numerator and denominator so that what remain is f(x) = (x -4). Then
we substitute x = -1 to find y.
𝑦 =𝑥−4
𝑦 = −1 − 4
𝒚 = −𝟓
Therefore, the Range: {y ϵ R | y ≠ -5}. In interval notation, (-∞, -5) U (-5, ∞).
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Note:
Lesson 2: Rational Functions
Name: __________________________________ Score: ____________
Directions: Determine whether the given is a rational function, rational equation, rational inequality or none
of these.
1+𝑥
1. =4 _____________________
𝑥−2
2
2. 5𝑥 ≥ _____________________
2𝑥−1
𝑥 2 −7
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+2 − 3 _____________________
𝑥+2
4. 𝑥−2
=𝑦+3 _____________________
𝑥+1
5. 2
< √𝑥 + 3 _____________________
Directions: Complete the following statements by writing the correct word or words and formulas.
1. A ________________________ is an equation containing at least one rational expression with a
polynomial in the numerator and denominator.
2. To determine if the endpoints of the intervals in the solution should be included or not you need to
_____________________ the critical values to the inequality.
3. In order to get the critical values you need to set __________________________ and
_________________________ equal to zero.
4. The first step in solving rational inequality is to put the inequality in general form where in one
side must always be ____________________________ and the other side is in a
_________________________ fraction.
5. If the test value makes the inequality ___________________________, then the entire interval is
a solution to the inequality.
Directions: Given the domain {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}, determine the range for each expression. Use a table of
values.
1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2
2. 𝑥+𝑦 =8
3. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 1
4. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2
2𝑥−1
5. 𝑦= 2
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Intercepts, Zeroes, and Asymptotes of Rational Functions
a. determine the intercepts, zeroes and asymptotes of rational functions; and
b. solve problems involving rational functions, equations, and inequalities.
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate understanding of key concepts of rational functions.
The learners are able to accurately formulate and solve real-life problems involving rational functions.
Overview
A rational function is defined as “a function that is the ratio of two
polynomials.” In this module we will solve rational equations, inequalities, and
functions; represent rational function, determine the domain and range of a rational
function; and graph rational function.
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Lesson Discussion:
Intercept, Zeroes and Asymptotes of Rational Functions
Domain is the set of first coordinates of a relation and it is the value of x that will not make the denominator
of the function equal to zero while Range is the set of second coordinates. To determine the domain of
rational function, simply equate the denominator to zero and then solve for x, this value should be avoided
so that the function will not give an undefined or a meaningless function. Example find the domain of
𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+3, equating the denominator to zero, we have 𝑥 + 3 = 0, so the value of 𝑥 = −3, , so the domain
of the function are all real numbers except -3 remember we will avoid value/s that will make our
denominator equal to zero, so if we will substitute -3 to our x in the denominator it will result to 0 and it
will give us an undefined function. In notation, 𝑫 = (−∞, −𝟑) ∪ (−𝟑, ∞)
Intercept and Zeroes of Rational Functions

The intercepts of the graph of a rational function are the points of intersection of its graph and an axis.
The y-intercept of the graph of a rational function r(x) if it exists, occurs at r(0), provided that r(x) is
defined at x = 0. To find y-intercept simply evaluate the function at x = 0.
The x-intercept of the graph of a rational function r(x), if it exists, occurs at the zeros of the numerator
that are not zeros of the denominators. To find x – intercept equate the function to 0.
The zeroes of a function are the values of x which make the function zero. The numbered zeroes are also
x-intercepts of the graph of the function.
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Example
3−𝑥
Find the x- and y – intercepts of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1.
3−𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+1
3−𝑥
0 = 𝑥+1. Equate the function to 0.
3−𝑥
𝑥+1
=0 By Symmetric Property of Equality.
3−𝑥 =0 Multiply both sides by (x + 1).

3 + (−3) − 𝑥 = 0 + (−3) By Addition Property of Equality(APE).
−𝑥 = −3 Simplify.
(−1)(−𝑥) = (−3)(−1) By Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE).
𝑥=3
So, the x – intercept is (3, 0).
By analyzing the example, we can say that to find the x – intercept simply equate the numerator of the
function to 0.
To find the y – intercept, change the x value of the function to 0.
3−𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+1 Substitute 0 to x values of the function.
3−0
𝑓(𝑥) = 0+1 Simplifying the fraction.
3
𝑓(𝑥) = = 3 Value of f(x) or y.
1
So, the y – intercept is 3 or (0, 3).
𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2
Find the x- and y – intercepts of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −4
.
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0 Equate the numerator to 0.

(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1) = 0 By factoring.
𝑥−2=0 𝑥−1=0 Solve for x, by Zero product property.
𝑥=2 𝑥=1
So, the x – intercepts are x = 2 and x = 1.
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The denominator will become 0 if we use substitute x=2, the function becomes meaningless. So, we will
only accept x – intercept at x = 1 or (1, 0).
To find the y – intercept: change the x value of the function to 0.
(0)2 −3(0)+2
𝑓(𝑥) = (0)2 −4
Simplify the fraction.
2
𝑓(𝑥) = −4 Reduce the fraction to lowest term.
1
𝑓(𝑥) = − The value of f(x) or y.
2
1 1
So, the y – intercept is − 2 or (0, − 2).
𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2
Determine the zeroes of 𝑔(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 −4
𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −4
(𝑥+2)(𝑥−1)
𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2) Simplify by factoring both the numerator and denominator.
(𝑥−1)
𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥−2) Remove common factors.
𝑥−1=0 Equate the numerator to 0.

𝑥=1 Solve for x.
Thus, the zero of g(x) = 1.
Asymptotes
An asymptote is an imaginary line to which a graph gets closer and closer as the x or y increases or decreases
its value without limit.
Kinds of Asymptote
 Vertical Asymptote
 Horizontal Asymptote
 Oblique / Slant Asymptote
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Vertical Asymptote
The vertical line 𝑥 = 𝑎 is a vertical asymptote of a function f if the graph increases or decreases without
bound as the x values approach 𝒂 from the right or left. See illustration below.
By looking at the illustration we can see that the graph of the function is approaching at x = - 5 represented
by the dotted line and as we can see the graph is getting closer and closer to x = - 5 but it will not pass or
intersect the line. So, the vertical asymptote of the graph is at x =- 5. We can find vertical asymptote even
without looking at the graph of the function.
Finding Vertical Asymptote

To determine the vertical asymptote of a rational function, first reduce the given function to simplest form
then find the zeroes of the denominator that are not zeros of the numerator.
Example
Determine the vertical asymptote of each rational function.
(𝑥−1) 2𝑥 2 −𝑥+1
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥+5) b. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −6𝑥+9
Solutions:
a. The zero of the numerator is 1 and the zero of the denominator is -5. The vertical asymptote for
(𝑥−1)
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥+5)) is x = - 5. The value is zero of the denominator but not of the numerator.
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b. Since the function is in quadratic form, reduce it to simplest form. The simplest form of 𝑔(𝑥) =
2𝑥 2 −𝑥+1 (2𝑥+2)(𝑥−1)
is 𝑔(𝑥) = . The zeroes of the numerator are -1/2 and 1. The zeroes of the
𝑥 2 −6𝑥+9 (𝑥−3)(𝑥−2)
(2𝑥+2)(𝑥−1)
denominator are 3 and 2. The vertical asymptote for 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥−3)(𝑥−2)
are x = 2 and x = 3. These
values are zeroes of the denominator but not of the denominator.
Horizontal Asymptote
The horizontal line y=b is a horizontal asymptote of the function f if f(x) gets closer to b as x increases or
decreases without bound.
Finding the horizontal asymptote of a rational function.

To determine the horizontal asymptote of a rational function, compare the degree of the numerator n and
the degree of the denominator d.
 If n < d, the horizontal asymptote is y= 0

 If n = d, the horizontal asymptote y is the ratio of the leading coefficient of the numerator a, to the
𝑎
leading coefficient of the denominator b. That is 𝑦 = 𝑏 .
 If n > d, there is no horizontal asymptote.
A rational function may or may not cross its horizontal asymptote. If the function does not cross the
horizontal asymptote y=b, then b is not part of the range of the rational function.
Example
Determine the horizontal asymptote of each rational function.
3𝑥+8 8𝑥 3 −1
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = b. 𝑔(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 +1 1−𝑥 2
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Solutions:
a. The degree of the numerator 3x + 8 is less than the degree of the denominator x2 + 1. Therefore,
the horizontal asymptote is y = 0.
b. The degree of the numerator 8𝑥 3 − 1 is greater than the degree of the denominator 1 − 𝑥 2 .
Therefore, there is no horizontal asymptote.
Aside from vertical and horizontal asymptote, a rational function can have another asymptote called oblique
or slant. It occurs when there is no horizontal asymptote or when the degree of the numerator is greater than
the degree of the denominator.
Slant / Oblique Asymptote

An oblique asymptote is a line that is neither vertical nor horizontal. It occurs when the numerator of (𝑥)
has a degree that is one higher than the degree of the denominator.
Looking at the graph we can see that there is vertical asymptote and there is no horizontal asymptote. In
this case, oblique or slant asymptote occurs. We can determine the oblique / slant asymptote using your
knowledge of division of polynomials.
Finding Oblique or Slant Asymptote

To find slant asymptote simply divide the numerator by the denominator by either using long division or
synthetic division. The oblique asymptote is the quotient with the remainder ignored and set equal to y.
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Example
𝑥 2 +3
Consider the function ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥−1
. Determine the asymptotes.
By looking at the function, h(x) is undefined at x = 1, so the vertical asymptote of h(x) is the line at x = 1.
There is no horizontal asymptote because the degree of the numerator is greater than the degree of the
denominator.
Remember
 To find the y – intercept, substitute 0 for x and solve for y or f(x).

 To find the x – intercept, substitute 0 for y and solve for x.
 The zero of a rational function is the same as the x – intercept of the function.
Problems Involving Rational Functions, Equations, and Inequalities

To be able to solve problems involving rational functions, equations, and inequalities, it is necessary to
know the basics of algebra. Solving rational equations and inequalities is very essential in solving word
problems. Real-life problems like mixture, work, distance, number, and other related problems might
interest you.
Example:
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Bamban National High School is preparing for its 25th founding anniversary. The chairperson of the
activity allocated ₱90,000.00 from different stakeholders to be divided among various committees of the
celebration. Construct a function (𝑛) which would give the amount of money each of the 𝑛 numbers of
committees would receive. If there are six committees, how much would each committee have?
Solution:
90000
The function 𝐶(𝑛) = 𝑛
would give the amount of money each of the 𝑛 numbers of committees since
the allocated budget is ₱90,000.00 and it will be divided equally to the 𝑛 number of committees.
If there are six committees, then you need to solve for 𝐶(𝑛), thus
90000
𝐶(6) = = 15000
6
Therefore, each committee will receive ₱15,000.00.
Example
Barangay Masaya allocated a budget amounting to ₱100,000.00 to provide relief goods for each family in
the barangay due to the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The amount is to be allotted equally among all the
families in the barangay. At the same time a philanthropist wants to supplement this budget and he allotted
an additional ₱500.00 to be received by each family. Write an equation representing the relationship of the
allotted amount per family (y-variable) versus the total number of families (x-variable). How much will be
the amount of each relief packs if there are 200 families in the barangay?
Solution:
The amount to be received by each family is equal to the allotted (₱100,000.00), divided by the number of
families plus the amount to be given by the philanthropist. Thus the rational function is described as 𝑦 =
100000
𝑥
+ 500. The amount of each relief packs can be computed by finding the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 200,
since there are 200 families in the barangay. Thus,
100000
𝑦= + 500 = 1000
200
Therefore, the amount of each relief packs to be distributed to each family worth ₱1,000.00.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
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S.Y. 2021-2022 Page | 37

Note:

Lesson 3: Intercept, Zeroes and Asymptotes of Rational Functions
Name: __________________________________ Score: ____________
Directions: Complete the table below by giving the intercepts and zeroes of rational function.
Rational Function x-intercept y-intercept Zeroes of the Function
𝑥−9
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+3
𝑥 2 −10𝑥+25
2. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+5
𝑥 2 +9
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −3
Directions: Determine the vertical and horizontal asymptotes of the following rational functions.
Vertical Asymptote Horizontal Asymptote

2
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥+5
𝑥+3
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+7
Directions: In your own words, write the different steps to solve real-life problems involving rational
functions, equations, and inequalities.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADE 11
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Inverse Function
a. determine the inverse of a one-to-one function;
b. solve the domain and range of an inverse function; and
c. represent an inverse function through its table of values, and graph.
Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate understanding of key concepts of inverse functions, exponential functions, and
logarithmic functions.
The learners are able to apply the concepts of inverse functions, exponential functions, and logarithmic
functions to formulate and solve real-life problems with precision and accuracy.
Overview
Function is defined as “a relation in which each element of the domain
corresponds to exactly one element of the range.” In this module, we will represent
real-life situations using functions, evaluate functions, perform operations on functions,
determine the inverse of a function, find the domain and range of inverse function, and
graph inverse functions.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADE 11
S.Y. 2021-2022 Page | 39

Lesson Discussion:
The Inverse of One-to-one Functions
Inverse Function Defined
The inverse of a function is a function with domain B and range A given that the original function has
domain A and range B.
This inverse function of function 𝑓 is denoted by 𝑓 −1. It is defined by the equation 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) = 𝑥 if and only
if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 for any y in range B. Since both are functions, then a function has to be one-to-one for its
inverse to be a function at the same time. If it is a many-to-one function, its inverse is one-to-many which
is not a function.
Find the Inverse of One-to-one Function
Intuitively, the inverse of a function may be known by the principle of “undo”. That is, by
considering the inverse of operations performed, the inverse of a function may be computed
easily.
Example
Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 8, the inverse of a function may be solved intuitively.
Solution:
Steps In Symbols
1. The last operation performed is subtraction, the inverse 3𝑥 + 8
operation of which is addition. To x, add 8.
2. The second to the last operation performed is multiplication, the 𝑥+8
inverse operation of which is division. Divide x + 8 by 3. 3
3. Equate it to 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) to denote that it is the inverse function of 𝑥+8
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
(𝑥) = 3𝑥 – 8. 3
However, it is not that easy in some case. In later examples, you will understand what I mean by saying
that there is a more general method that may be followed. To find the inverse of a one-to-one function,
consider the following:
a. Express the function in the form 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥);
b. Interchange the x and y variables in the equation;
c. Solve for y in terms of x.
Example
4𝑥+8
Find the inverse of the rational function ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥−3
.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
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Solution:
4𝑥+8
𝑦= 𝑥−3
(change h(x) to y)
4𝑦+8
𝑥= (interchange x and y)
𝑦−3
𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 = 4𝑦 + 8 (solve for y, MPE)

𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 8 (solve for y, by APE)
𝑦(𝑥 + 4) = 3𝑥 + 8 (solve for y, by factoring)
3𝑥+8
𝑦= 𝑥−4
(solve for y, by MPE)
3𝑥+8
ℎ−1 = 𝑥−4
(the inverse function)
Domain and Range of Inverse Functions

The outputs of the function 𝑓 are the inputs to 𝑓 −1 , so the range of 𝑓 is also the domain of 𝑓 −1. Likewise,
because the inputs to 𝑓 are the outputs of 𝑓 −1 , the domain of 𝑓 is the range of 𝑓 −1. We can visualize the
situation.
This means that the domain of the inverse is the range of the original function and that the range of the
inverse is the domain of the original function.
Original Function Inverse Function
X 2 3 5 10 X 6 8 12 21
Y 6 8 12 21 y 2 3 5 10
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADE 11
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The domain of the original function is (2,3,5,10) and the range is (6,8,12,21). Therefore the domain of the
inverse relation will be (6,8,12,21) and the range is (2,3,5,10).
Properties of an Inverse Function
If the 𝑓 −1 inverse function exists,
1. 𝑓 −1 is a one to one function, f is also one-to-one.

2. Domain of 𝑓 −1 = 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
3. Range of 𝑓 −1 = 𝐷𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 of f.
Example
𝑥+2
Find the domain and range of the inverse function 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 3
Solution:
To find the domain and range of an inverse function, go back to the original function and then interchange
the domain and range of the original function.
The original function is 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2. The original function’s domain is the set of real numbers and the
𝑥+2
range is also the set of real numbers. Thus, the domain and range of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = is the set of all real
3
numbers.
Example
Find the domain and range of 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 12 and its inverse.
Solution:
Let 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 12
Interchange x and y: 𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 12
Solve for y.
3𝑦 = 𝑥 + 12
𝑥+12
𝑦= 3
𝑥+12
𝑓 −1 = 3
Determine the domain and range of 𝑓 and 𝑓 −1 .

𝑥+12
You have 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 12 and 𝑓 −1 =
3
Domain (𝑓) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅} Range (𝑓) = {𝑦 ∈ 𝑅} Domain (𝑓 −1 ) = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅} Range

(𝑓 −1 ) = {𝑦 ∈ 𝑅}
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
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Note:
Lesson 4: Inverse Functions
Name: __________________________________ Score: ____________
Directions: Intuitively, give the inverse function of each of the following.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2
2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 12𝑥 − 1
𝑥
3. ℎ(𝑥) = − 4
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
3𝑥+5
5. 𝑔(𝑥) = 8
Directions: Find the inverse of f. Determine the domain and range of each resulting inverse functions. Write
your answer inside the box provided.
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
𝑓 −1 = Solution:
Domain
Range
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 2
𝑓 −1 = Solution:
Domain
Range
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
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Exponential Functions
a. distinguish between exponential function, exponential equation, and exponential inequality;
b. solve exponential equations and inequalities; and
c. represent an exponential function through its table of values, graph, and equation.
Content Standard:
Overview
An exponential function is defined as “a mathematical function in which an
independent variable appears in one of the exponents.” It is almost exclusively used to
mean the natural exponential function ex , where e is Euler’s number approximately
equal to 2.718281828…
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADE 11
S.Y. 2021-2022 Page | 44

Lesson Discussion:
Exponential Functions, Equations and Inequalities
An exponential function is a function involving exponential expression showing a relationship between
the independent variable x and dependent variable 𝑦 or 𝑓(𝑥). Examples of which are 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥+3 and 𝑦 =
102𝑥 .
On the other hand, an exponential equation is an equation involving exponential expression that can be
solved for all x values satisfying the equation. For instance, 121 = 11𝑥 and 3𝑥 = 9𝑥−2 .
Lastly, an exponential inequality is an inequality involving exponential expression that can be solved for
all x values satisfying the inequality. For example, 641/3 > 2𝑥 and (0.9)𝑥 > 0.81.
Solving Exponential Equations and Exponential Inequalities
Exponential Equation
One-to-one Property of Exponential Functions states that in 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , if 𝑥1 ≠ 𝑥2 , then 𝑏1 ≠ 𝑏2.
Conversely, if 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 . This property paves the way in understanding how to solve
exponential equation.
Example
Solve for the value of x in 4𝑥+1 = 64.
Solution:
4𝑥+1 = 43 Express 64 as 43 , in order for both sides of the equation to have same bases.
𝑥+1=3 One-to-one Property of Exponential Functions states that if 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥1 , then 𝑥1 = 𝑥2
𝑥+1−1=3−1 Use Addition Property of Equality in order to solve for the value of x
𝑥=2 Combine like terms
Example
Solve for the value of x in 34𝑥 = 9𝑥+1 .
Solution:
34𝑥 = (9)2(𝑥+1) Express 9 as 32 , in order for both sides of the equation to have same bases.
4𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 2 One-to-one Property of Exponential Functions states that if 𝑏 𝑥1 = 𝑏 𝑥1 , then 𝑥1 = 𝑥2
4𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2 Use Addition Property of Equality in order to solve for the value of x
2𝑥 = 2 Combine like terms.
𝑥=1 Use Multiplication Property of Equality by multiplying both sides of the equation by ½.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
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Exponential Inequality
Recall that in an exponential function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , 𝑏 > 0 but 𝑏 ≠ 1. Now, the key to solving exponential
inequality is the fact that if 𝑏 > 1 and 𝑥1 > 𝑥2 , then 𝑏 𝑥1 > 𝑏 𝑥2 , Otherwise, if 0 < 𝑏 < 1, 𝑏 𝑥1 < 𝑏 𝑥2 . Let
us further make this clearer by considering the next examples.
Example
Solve for the values of x in 5𝑥 > 125𝑥+8
Solution
5𝑥 > (5)3(𝑥+8) Express 125 as 53 , for both sides of the inequality to have same bases.
𝑥 > 3𝑥 + 24 𝑏 = 5. It is a fact that if 𝑏 > 1 and 𝑏 𝑥1 > 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 > 𝑥2 .
𝑥 − 3𝑥 > 24 Use Addition Property of Equality in order to solve for the value of x.
−2𝑥 < 24 Combine like terms.
𝑥 < −12 Use Multiplication Property of Equality by multiplying both sides of the equation by ½.
Hence, the solution to the exponential inequality 5𝑥 > 125𝑥+8 is the set of all real numbers less than -12.
In symbols, that is, 𝑥 < −12 or (−∞, −12).
Example
1 2𝑥+9 1 𝑥−5
Solve for the values of x in (7) ≤ (343) .
Solution:
1 2𝑥+9 1 3(𝑥−5) 1 1 3
(7) ≤ (7) Express (343) as (7) , in order for both sides of the inequality to have same bases.
1
2𝑥 + 9 ≤ 3𝑥 − 15 𝑏 = (7) It is a fact that if 0 < 𝑏 < 1 and 𝑏 𝑥1 < 𝑏 𝑥2 , then 𝑥1 > 𝑥2
2𝑥 − 3𝑥 ≤ −9 − 15 Use Addition Property of Equality in order to solve for the value of x.

𝑥 ≤ 24 Combine like terms.
1 2𝑥+9 1 𝑥−5
Thus, the solution to the exponential inequality (7) ≤ (343) is the set of all real numbers less than
or equal to 24. In symbols, that is, 𝑥 ≤ 24 or (−∞,24].
Domain and Range of Exponential Functions
The domain of a function is the set of all allowable values of 𝑥, commonly known as the independent
variable or possible inputs of the function.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
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The range of a function is the set of output values commonly known as the dependent variable when all
x-values in the domain are evaluated into the function.
This means that you need to find the domain first to describe the range.
The Domain and Range
The domain of a function is the set of input values that are used for the independent variable. The range of
a function is the set of output values for the dependent variable. For any exponential function, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥
the domain is the set of all real numbers. The range, however, is bounded by the horizontal asymptote of
the graph of 𝑓(𝑥).
Example
Find the domain and range of the function 𝑦 = 3𝑥+2 .
Solution:
The function is defined for all real numbers. So, the domain of the function is a set of real numbers. As 𝑥
extends to approach positive infinity (+∞), the value of the function also extends to +∞, and as 𝑥 extends
to approach negative infinity (−∞), the function approaches the x-axis but never touches it. Therefore, the
range of the function is a set of real positive numbers greater than 0 or {𝑦|𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦 > 0}.
Thus, the domain and range of the given function is given below and can be written as:
Domain Range
Set Notation {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦} {𝑦|𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦 > 0}
Interval Notation (−∞, +∞) (0, +∞)
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
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Domain and Range of Exponential Functions
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 𝑃(𝑥) + ℎ be an exponential function where (𝑥) is linear. Then Domain of the function is ℝ
(ℎ, +∞), 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 > 0
Domain of the function is ℝ = {
(−∞, ℎ), 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 < 0
In cases of exponential functions where (𝑥) is linear, in which case, 𝑏 𝑝(𝑥) will always be defined for any
value of x. Thus, the domain of an exponential function is the set of real numbers or ℝ. For the range, note
that 𝑏 𝑝(𝑥) > 0 for any values of x. Hence, the range of an exponential function will depend on a and h.
Example
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥+1 − 2. Find the domain and range.
The domain of the function is the set of real numbers, because (𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 and it is linear. Also, in the given
function you may observe that 𝑎 > 0 (𝑎 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 2) and ℎ = −2, hence the range of the function is equal
to (ℎ, +∞).
Domain Range
Set Notation {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ} {𝑦|𝑦 ∈ ℝ, 𝑦 > −2}
Interval Notation (−∞, +∞) (−2, +∞)
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
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Note:
Lesson 5: Exponential Functions
Name: __________________________________ Score: ____________
Directions: Below is a list of exponential expressions. Classify each as to whether it is an exponential
function, equation, inequality, or does not belong to any of these three.
32𝑥−4 ≤ 16𝑥+2 36𝑥 = 6 1 𝑥 𝑥 7 + 1 < 10𝑥 8 𝑦 = 𝑥5 64 = 2𝑥+2

6>( )
36
100 > 102𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 𝑔(𝑥) = 45𝑥 𝑦 = 5𝑥−1 1 𝑥+2 1 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥

( ) =( )
2 8
7 = 49𝑥 27 < 3𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥+2
Exponential Function Exponential Exponential None of these

Equation Inequality
Directions: Solve for the values of x for each of the following exponential equations and inequalities.
1. 82−𝑥 = 2
1 𝑥 1
2. (2) < 8
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3. 5𝑥 = 25𝑥−2
4. 3𝑥+2 ≥ 27
5. 43𝑥 = 8𝑥−1
Directions: Answer the guide questions to complete the table of domain and range of the following
exponential functions.
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥
Is 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 defined at any values of 𝑥? __________
What is the minimum value of (𝑥)?_____________
Can you determine the the maximum value of (𝑥)?__________
Domain Range
Set Notation
Interval Notation
1 3𝑥
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = (5)
1 3𝑥
Is 𝑓(𝑥) = (5) defined at any values of 𝑥?_________
What is the minimum value of (𝑥)?_____________
Can you determine the the maximum value of (𝑥)?__________
Domain Range
Set Notation
Interval Notation
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
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Logarithmic Functions
a. distinguish logarithmic function, logarithmic equation, and logarithmic inequality;
b. determine the domain and range of a logarithmic function;
c. solve problems involving logarithmic functions, equations, and inequalities.
Content Standard:
Overview
An exponential function is defined as “a mathematical function in which an
independent variable appears in one of the exponents.” It is almost exclusively used to
mean the natural exponential function ex , where e is Euler’s number approximately
equal to 2.718281828…
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
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Lesson Discussion:
Exponential Equation and Logarithmic Equation
In writing logarithmic equation to exponential function, it can be recalled that the logarithmic function 𝑦 =
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 is the inverse of the exponential function 𝑦 = 𝑏 𝑥 and you just need to remember that you are
answering the question “To what power must b be raised to obtained the number x?”.
Example
1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 64 = 3 In this example, b=4, y=3 and x=64
43 = 64
1
2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔36 6 = (2) In this example, b=36, y= 1/2 and x=6
1
362 = 6
1
3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (4) = −2 In this example, b=2, y= -2 and x= ¼
1
2−2 = 4
There are exponential equations that are not easy to solve. For instance, the equation
𝟐𝒙 = 𝟑
cannot be easily solved but for sure, it has a solution. Since 21 < 3 < 22, therefore, 1 < 3 < 2. The solution
to 2𝑥 = 3 can be written as 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 3. This is read as “x is equal to the logarithm of 3 to the base 2.” This
suggests that 2𝑥 = 3 is equivalent to 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 3.
The Logarithm of a Number

Let a, b and c be positive real numbers such that 𝑏 > 0 and b ≠ 1. The logarithm of a with base b is denoted
by 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎, and is defined as 𝑐 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 if and only if 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑐 .
1. Logarithmic functions and exponential functions are inverses.
2. In logarithmic form 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎, b cannot be negative.
3. The value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎, can be negative.
Logarithmic Functions, Equations and Inequalities
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The logarithm of 𝑎 with base 𝑏 is denoted by 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 , and is defined as 𝑐 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 if and only if 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑐 .
Examples of Logarithmic Function
3𝑥
a. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 4
b. ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 2𝑥 − 4
c. 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 3
d. 𝑛(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 5 − 4𝑥
2
e. 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 3 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 5 = 𝑦
Let us identify or distinguish the difference among logarithmic functions, logarithmic equations, and
logarithmic inequalities.
Definition Examples
Logarithmic Function It is a function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥 − 4
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥, such that 𝑏 > 0 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (2𝑥 + 3)
and 𝑏 ≠ 1.
Definition Examples
Logarithmic Equation It is an equation involving 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 4 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥
logarithms. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥 + 3 = 2
Definition Examples
Logarithmic Inequality It is an inequality involving 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥 < 4
logarithms. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥 − 5 ≥ 4
Basic Properties and Laws of Logarithm

Let b, x and y be real numbers such that b > 0 and b ≠ 1, the basic properties and laws of logarithms are as
follows:
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Properties of Logarithmic Equations
If b > 0, then the logarithmic function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 is increasing for all x.
If 0 < b < 1, then the logarithmic function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 is decreasing for all x.
This means that 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑢 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑣 if and only if u  v .

Here are some techniques or strategies in solving the logarithmic equation.
1. Rewriting to exponential form.
2. Using logarithmic properties.
3. Applying the one–to–one property of logarithmic functions.
4. The Zero Factor Property: If ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.
5. Take into consideration the domain of logarithmic expression.
Examples
Find the value of x in the following.
1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 (𝑥 + 3) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 22
Solution:
𝑙𝑜𝑔5 (𝑥 + 3) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 22 Given
𝑥 + 3 = 22 One-to-one Property
𝑥 = 22 − 3 Addition Property of Equality
𝑥 = 19 Simplify
2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (9𝑥) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 − 8) = 4

Solution:
𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (9𝑥) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 − 8) = 4 Given
9𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥−8 = 4 Quotient Law of Logarithm
9𝑥
= 34 Change into exponential form
𝑥−8
9𝑥 = 81(𝑥 − 8) Multiplication Property of Equality

9𝑥 = 81𝑥 − 648 Distributive Property
−72𝑥 = −648 Addition Property of Equality
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADE 11
S.Y. 2021-2022 Page | 54

𝑥=9 Multiplication Property of Equality
Solving Logarithmic Inequalities
Remember: If b > 0, then the logarithmic function 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 is increasing for all x.
If 0 < b < 1, then the logarithmic function 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 is decreasing for all x.
This means that 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑛 𝑎 > 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑛 𝑏 implies a > b. Moreover, bear in mind that the domain of the logarithmic
function is the set of all positive real numbers.
The techniques or strategies in solving logarithmic inequality are the same in solving logarithmic equations.
Example
Find all values of x that will satisfy the inequality.
1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (2𝑥 + 1) < 3
Solution:
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (2𝑥 + 1) < 3 Given
23 < 2𝑥 + 1 Changing into exponential form

8 < 2𝑥 + 1 Simplify
7 < 2𝑥 Addition Property of Equality
7
<𝑥 Multiplication Property of Equality
2
Since the domain of logarithmic function is the set of all positive real numbers, the given 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (2𝑥 + 1)
will be defined if x > -1/2 (2𝑥 + 1 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 > −1/2). Therefore, the solution set of the inequality is still x >
7/2.
2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 9 < 2𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑥

Solution:
𝑙𝑜𝑔4 9 > 2𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑥 Given
𝑙𝑜𝑔4 9 > 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑥 2 Laws of Logarithm
9 > 𝑥2 One-to-one Property

𝑥 < 3 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < −3 Taking square root on both sides.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADE 11
S.Y. 2021-2022 Page | 55

Since the domain of the logarithmic function is the set of all positive real numbers, the given 2𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑥 will
be defined if x > 0. Therefore, the solution set of the inequality is 0 < x < 3.
Domain and Range of Logarithmic Function

The domain of a function is the set of all possible values of the independent variable x. The possible values
of the independent variable x are often called inputs. The range of the function are the corresponding values
of the dependent variable y. The corresponding values of the dependent variable y are often called outputs.
In the case of a logarithmic function, its domain is defined as a set of all positive real numbers while its
range is a set of real numbers.
Transformation of the parent function (𝑥) = 𝑥 either by shift, stretch, compression, or reflection changes the
domain of the parent function. When finding the domain of a logarithmic function, therefore, it is important
to remember that the domain consists only of positive real numbers. That is, the argument of the logarithmic
function must be greater than zero.
Example
1. Find the domain and range of
Solution:
2𝑥 − 4 > 0 set up an inequality showing an argument greater than zero
2𝑥 > 4 solve for x
Domain: (2, ∞) write the domain in interval notation
Range: (−∞, ∞)
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADE 11
S.Y. 2021-2022 Page | 56

Graph
From the graph of the function , it can be seen that the curve
is asymptotic at x = 2. Therefore the domain and range are as
follows:
Domain: (2, ∞)
Range: (−∞, ∞)
2. Find the domain and range of .

Solution: Graph:
3 − 2𝑥 > 0
−2𝑥 > −3
−3
𝑥>
−2
3
𝑥>2
3
Domain: (−∞, 2)
Range: (−∞, ∞)
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADE 11
S.Y. 2021-2022 Page | 57

Note:
Lesson 6: Logarithmic Functions
Name: __________________________________ Score: ____________
Directions: Complete the following statements by writing the correct word or words.
1. Logarithm is the inverse of _____________________.
2. The logarithm of a with base b is denoted by ____________ , and is defined as 𝑐 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 if and
only if____________.
3. In logarithmic form 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 ,the value of 𝑏 cannot be ______________.
4. The value of 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑎 can be _______________.
Directions: Find the value/s of 𝒙 in the following equations/inequalities.
1. 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 25 = 3𝑥 − 3
3
2. 𝑙𝑜𝑔4 (𝑥 + 3) =
2
3. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (3𝑥 − 2) < 2
4. 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 (𝑥 − 1)2 > 2
5. 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥 + 4) < 5
Directions: Graph the following logarithmic functions using an online graphing calculator then find its
domain and range.
1. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)
2. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)
Prepared by:
Senior High School Teacher
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADE 11
S.Y. 2021-2022 Page | 58

References:
Lesson 1
Queaño (2020). General Mathematics-“Functions.” Published by the Department of Education
Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800. Pp. 8-16.
Queaño (2020). General Mathematics-“Evaluating Functions.” Published by the Department of
Education
Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800. Pp. 40-43.
Queaño (2020). General Mathematics-“Operations on Functions.” Published by the Department
of
Education Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800. Pp. 67-
73.
Lesson 2
Jolo (2020). General Mathematics-“Rational Functions, Equations and Inequalities.” Published by
the
Department of Education Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal
1800.
Pp. 134-136.
Regio (2020). General Mathematics-“Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities.” Published by
the
1800.
Pp. 159-170.
De Mesa (2020). General Mathematics-“Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities.” Published
by the
1800.
Pp. 198-199.
Quitain (2020). General Mathematics-“The Domain and Range of Rational Functions.” Published
by the
1800.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADE 11
S.Y. 2021-2022 Page | 59

Pp. 222-227.
Lesson 3
Jolo (2020). General Mathematics-“Intercepts, Zeroes, and Asymptotes of Rational Functions.”
Published
by the Department of Education Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta,
Rizal
1800. Pp. 240-261.
Vergara (2020). General Mathematics-“Solving Real-Life Problems Involving Rational Functions,
Equations, and Inequalities.” Published by the Department of Education Gate 2
Karangalan
Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800. Pp. 283-290.
Lesson 4
Gallano (2020). General Mathematics-“The Inverse of One-to-One-Functions.” Published by the
1800.
Pp. 336-338.
Ibarrola (2020). General Mathematics-“Domain and Range of Inverse Functions.” Published by
the
1800.
Pp. 382-389.
Lesson 5
Mercado (2020). General Mathematics-“Exponential Functions, Equations, and Inequalities.”
Published by
the Department of Education Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta,
Rizal 1800.
Pp. 463-465.
Mercado (2020). General Mathematics-“Solving Exponential Equations and Inequalities.”
Published by
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADE 11
S.Y. 2021-2022 Page | 60

Rizal 1800.
Pp. 483-487.
Ibarrola (2020). General Mathematics-“Domain and Range of Exponential Functions.” Published
by
Rizal 1800.
Pp. 525-532.
Lesson 6
Asnan (2020). General Mathematics-“Representing Real-Life Situations Using Logarithmic
Functions.”
Published by the Department of Education Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San
Isidro Cainta,
Rizal 1800. Page 603.
Asnan (2020). General Mathematics-“Logarithmic Functions, Equations and Inequalities.”
Published by
Rizal 1800. Pp. 627-637.
Delos Reyes (2020). General Mathematics-“Domain and Range of Logarithmic Functions.”
Published by
the Department of Education Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal
1800.
Pp. 684-685.
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADE 11
S.Y. 2021-2022 Page | 61

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Community Colleges of the Philippines

301 Mabini Street Quezon District, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Rational Functions …………………………………………………………………………………..16

Intercepts, Zeroes, and Asymptotes of Rational

Inverse Functions ……………………………………………………………………..……………..38

Exponential Functions ………………………………………………………………..……………..43

Logarithmic Functions ……………………………………………………………….……………..50

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Unlike table C, where -1 corresponds to two values, 4 and 1.

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

f(x) = formula 2 if x is in domain 2

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Example : Given (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 7 , find g(-3).

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Answer: Given 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 7, g(-3) = 34

Example : Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 1, find 𝑓(ℎ + 1).

Example 9: Given (𝑥) = √3𝑥 − 2 , find g(9).

𝑔(9) = √3(9) − 2 Substitute 9 for x in the function.

𝑔(9) = √27 − 2 Simplify the expression on the

Answer: Given (𝑥) = √3𝑥 − 2 , find g(9) = 5.

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

3 Simplify the expression on the

ℎ(2.4) = 2 + 2 Simplify the expression on the

𝑓(3) = |−5| Simplify the expression on the

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Example : Evaluate the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 at 𝑓(2𝑥 − 3).

𝑓(2𝑥 − 3) = (2𝑥 − 3)2 − 2(2𝑥 − 3) + 2

𝑎. ൫𝑓 + 𝑔൯(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) Definition of addition of functions replace

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

𝑐. ൫𝑓▪𝑔൯(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)▪𝑔(𝑥) Definition of multiplication of functions

𝑒. ൫𝑓 + 𝑔൯(3) = 𝑓(3) + 𝑔(3) 𝑔. ൫𝑓▪𝑔൯(3) = 𝑓(3)▪𝑔(3)

𝑓. ൫𝑓 − 𝑔൯(3) = 𝑓(3) − 𝑔(3) ℎ ℎ(3)

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Example 16: Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6, and ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2

𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = (𝑥 + 2)2 + 5(𝑥 + 2) + 6 Replace x by x+2

= 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 + 5𝑥 + 10 + 6 Perform the operations

= 𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 20 Combine similar terms

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

________1. Which of the following is not true about function?

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

II. Directions: Evaluate the following functions.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 5, find 𝑓(2)

2. 𝑔(𝑥) = 3|2𝑥|, find 𝑔(6)

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

𝑏(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 3 ______2. (𝑎▪𝑏)(𝑥) 3

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Real-world relationship that can be modeled by rational functions:

Rational Functions, Equations and Inequalities

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Rational Equation Rational Inequality Rational Function

Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities

Steps in simplifying rational expression 𝑥−2

2. To multiply rational expressions you can do the following steps.

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Steps in adding or subtracting rational expressions 6 2

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT